WO2019124377A1

WO2019124377A1 - Level measurement method and level measurement device

Info

Publication number: WO2019124377A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/046573
Authority: WO
Inventors: 貴博木下; 杉橋　敦史
Original assignee: 日本製鉄株式会社
Priority date: 2017-12-22
Filing date: 2018-12-18
Publication date: 2019-06-27
Also published as: CN111417734A; JP6954097B2; TW201932606A; KR102387067B1; CN111417734B; KR20200093040A; JP2019112675A

Abstract

Provided are a level measurement method and a level measurement device which are capable of measuring, by using microwaves, a slag surface during blowing more accurately than before. The level measurement device 10 removes a level measurement value determined as a noise (SP9), and specifies the level of a slag surface 3 in a furnace on the basis of only a level measurement value remaining without being removed (SP8). Accordingly, in the level measurement device 10, the specifying of a level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace on the basis of an erroneous level measurement value generated by bare metal can be suppressed. Thus, the slag surface 3 during blowing can be measured more accurately than before.

Description

Level measurement method and level measurement apparatus

The present invention relates to a level measurement method and a level measurement apparatus for measuring the level of a slag surface inside a furnace.

In order to improve the productivity in the converter steelmaking process, the rate of oxygen supply at the time of blowing gas such as oxygen on the slag surface is increased to shorten the time required for converter blowing (hereinafter also referred to simply as blowing). Is important. However, if the feed rate is increased, the slag is likely to be formed and sloping (a phenomenon in which the formed slag overflows from the furnace opening) or spitting (a phenomenon in which the slag is scattered by a jet) occurs to lower the yield. Not only this can lead to problems such as adhesion of metal or slag to the furnace port or hood, etc., resulting in inhibition of operation. Therefore, in order to improve the productivity, it is important to measure the level of the contents of the converter and accurately grasp in real time the forming behavior of the slag which is a sign of slopping.

Heretofore, as shown in Patent Document 1, as a level measuring device of a slag surface, a level measuring device using microwaves is considered. Here, in the furnace during converter blowing, a large amount of molten metal and slag are scattered, and the molten metal and slag may adhere to the furnace port and the furnace wall in the furnace as a metal. In the level measurement apparatus, when the metal attached to the furnace wall is in the irradiation range of the microwave, in addition to the reflection signal from the slag, the reflection signal from the metal is also received. Therefore, when the intensity of the reflected signal from the metal is greater than the intensity of the signal reflected from the slag, the position of the metal may be erroneously detected as the slag surface position (the level of the slag surface).

In consideration of such a problem caused by the metal, a level measuring device as shown in Patent Document 2 is also considered. Patent Document 2 discloses a method of obtaining a distance to a slag surface after removing a signal that is continuously present without change from the start of the blowing process as noise. Further, in Patent Document 2, the difference between the reflection waveform showing the relationship between the reflection intensity of the reflection wave and the round-trip propagation time of the antenna and the slug surface is taken at predetermined time intervals, and such a reflection waveform is obtained. Discloses a method of obtaining a distance from a slag surface by using the largest difference signal or the largest signal of the absolute value of the difference.

JP, 2016-180126, A JP, 2016-29212, A

However, in the method of determining the signal continuously existing from the start of the blowing process as noise, it is not possible to determine the metal newly attached to the furnace port or the furnace wall during the blowing as noise, and it is newly made. It is not possible to remove the reflected wave from the generated bare metal. In addition, the influence of dust generated in the furnace may block the reflected signal from the slag surface. In such a case, in the method in which the signal from the slag surface is the signal with the largest difference between the reflected waveforms or the absolute value thereof, the intensity of the reflected wave may greatly fluctuate due to the influence of dust generated in the furnace. In some cases, the metal may be misjudged as a slag surface. Therefore, in patent document 2, there existed a problem that the level of the slag surface under blowing could not be measured correctly.

Furthermore, in Patent Document 2, when the reflectance of microwaves from the slag surface becomes extremely small due to the influence of dust generated in the furnace, the peak of the difference between the obtained reflection waveform and the immediately preceding reflection waveform is also small. This makes peak determination difficult. Moreover, when the time variation of the intensity of the reflected wave due to the influence of dust is large, two peaks corresponding to the slag surface may appear in the waveform obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference of the reflected waveform. There is an ambiguity as to which peak should be selected. Therefore, in patent documents 2, there was a problem that it was not able to measure the level of a slag surface correctly correctly, while blowing which dust generates in a furnace.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a level measurement method and a level measurement apparatus that can measure the slag surface during blowing more accurately than in the past using microwaves. With the goal.

The level measurement method of the present invention is a level measurement method for measuring the level of the slag surface in a furnace using microwaves, wherein the microwave is irradiated toward the furnace, and the slag surface or the furnace Microwave radiation receiving step of receiving the reflection microwaves from the metal attached to the metal, the distance and the signal strength to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace by the microwave and the reflection microwave Distance waveform signal generating step of generating a distance waveform signal indicating the relationship of (1), and a main peak in the distance waveform signal as a level measurement value indicating a time change of the distance to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace A noise determination step of determining whether the level measurement value is noise or not by comparing an extraction step to be extracted, the level measurement value, and a past accumulated level measurement value; Removing the level measurement value is determined to size, based on the level measurement value that remains without being removed, and a level specifying step of specifying the level of the slag surface in the furnace.

The level measuring apparatus according to the present invention is a level measuring apparatus for measuring the level of the slag surface in a furnace using microwaves, which irradiates the microwave toward the furnace, and the slag surface or the furnace The relationship between the distance to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace and the signal strength by the antenna unit that receives the reflection microwave from the metal attached to the metal, the microwave and the reflection microwave A distance waveform signal generation unit for generating a distance waveform signal to be shown, and an extraction for extracting a main peak in the distance waveform signal as a level measurement value indicating a temporal change in distance to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace Noise determination unit that determines whether the level measurement value is noise or not by comparing the unit, the level measurement value, and the accumulated level measurement value in the past, and determining the noise Removing the serial level measurements, on the basis of the level measurement value that remains without being removed, and a level specifying unit configured to specify the level of the slag surface in the furnace.

According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the specification of the level of the slag surface in the furnace based on the erroneous level measurement value generated by the metal, and accordingly, the slag surface during blowing is conventionally made Can also be measured accurately.

It is the schematic which shows the structure of the converter which used the level measurement apparatus of this invention. FIG. 2A is a graph showing the relationship between the transmission wave and the reception wave, FIG. 2B is a graph showing the waveforms of the transmission wave and the reception wave, and FIG. 2C is a graph showing the waveform of the beat wave. These are graphs which show the distance waveform signal in which the main peak appeared. It is a graph which shows an example of a distance waveform signal. It is the graph which showed the time series change of the level measurement value, and the time average curve computed based on the level measurement value. It is a block diagram which shows the circuit structure of a level calculation part. It is the graph which expanded the partial area | region of the historical data shown in FIG. FIG. 7A is a graph showing time-series changes in level measurement values, FIG. 7B is a graph serving to explain the level measurement values determined to be noise, and FIG. 7C is a level measurement value determined to be noise Is a graph for explaining the case of removing. It is a flowchart which shows the level measurement process procedure by this invention. A graph showing the level measurement value when the level measurement value actually determined to be noise was removed from the history data shown in FIG. 4 and the time average curve calculated based on the remaining level measurement value It is.

<About the level measurement device of the present invention>
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a converter 1 in a converter steelmaking process in which the level measuring device 10 of the present invention and the level measuring device 10 of the present invention are used.

In the converter steelmaking process, the molten iron 2 is charged into the inside of the converter 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as the inside of the furnace) and the component such as oxygen is blown into the molten iron 2 from the lance 4 to adjust the components of the molten iron 2 To produce molten steel. Slag is produced on the surface of the melt as the treatment progresses. The level measuring device 10 according to the present invention measures the level of the slag surface 3 thus formed in the furnace in real time. In the present invention, “slag surface” refers to the surface of molten slag exposed to the outside in the furnace. The “level” of the slag surface 3 refers to the height of the slag surface 3 in the furnace as viewed from the bottom of the furnace and a predetermined reference position.

In the process carried out in converter 1, steam, dust, etc. are generated, and in order to prevent the generated dust etc. from being released to the external environment, it extends upward from the furnace opening in the vicinity of the furnace opening opened above converter 1. An exhaust hood 5 is provided. In the exhaust hood 5, in addition to a lance opening for inserting the lance 4 into the converter 1, a hood opening 6 is opened above the furnace opening. An opening forming portion 7 extending upward is provided around the hood opening 6 as a pipe-like structure.

The antenna unit 10 a of the level measurement device 10 is disposed in the opening forming unit 7. In the case of this embodiment, in addition to the antenna unit 10 a being installed in the opening forming unit 7, the heat insulating plate 14 is provided between the antenna unit 10 a and the inside of the furnace. The heat insulating plate 14 is made of, for example, an inorganic ceramic which can transmit microwaves, such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) or the like. The heat insulating plate 14 can transmit and receive microwaves between the antenna unit 10a and the inside of the furnace, and can reduce the heat from the inside of the furnace to prevent the antenna unit 10a from being damaged by the heat.

The antenna unit 10a is provided separately from the transmitting antenna 11 for irradiating microwaves from the inside of the hood opening 6 into the furnace and the transmitting antenna 11, and the hood opening is reflected from the slag surface 3 in the furnace. And a receiving antenna 12 for receiving the reflected microwave that has passed through the inside of the unit 6. The frequency of microwaves irradiated toward the inside of the furnace is preferably more than 10 GHz and not more than 90 GHz, since the inside of the furnace is narrow and the reflectance of microwaves on the slag surface 3 is small. Is preferably 35 GHz or more and 85 GHz or less.

The transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 are, for example, conical horn antennas having the same diameter, and are disposed such that the open end of the enlarged diameter faces the inside of the furnace. The transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 are disposed in the opening forming portion 7 such that the tip of the enlarged diameter is adjacent to each other. In the case of this embodiment, the distance obtained by combining the diameter of the tip of the transmitting antenna 11 and the diameter of the tip of the receiving antenna 12 is the same as the diameter d of the hood opening 6 and the tips of the transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 Are disposed substantially throughout the radial direction of the hood opening 6.

A lens unit 13 made of, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon (registered trademark)) is provided at each end of each of the transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12. The transmission antenna 11 can increase the antenna gain of the transmission antenna 11 by causing the lens unit 13 to converge the microwaves irradiated to the slag surface 3. Further, the receiving antenna 12 can increase the antenna gain of the receiving antenna 12 by causing the lens unit 13 to converge the reflected microwaves from the slag surface 3.

The level measurement apparatus 10 has a level calculation unit 10 b, and sends out the reflected microwaves from the inside of the furnace received by the receiving antenna 12 to the level calculation unit 10 b. The level calculation unit 10 b executes predetermined arithmetic processing based on the microwave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 11 toward the inside of the furnace and the reflected microwave received from the inside of the furnace by the receiving antenna 12. Thus, the height (level) of the slag surface 3 can be calculated to measure the level of the slag surface 3.

<Overview of Level Measurement Method of the Present Invention>
Here, the FM-CW level measurement method using microwaves will be described first. As shown in FIG. 2A, when generating microwaves, the width of the frequency modulation of the oscillator controlled by the frequency sweeper is set to F (Hz), and the sweep period is set to T (seconds). . The frequency of microwaves (hereinafter, also simply referred to as transmission waves) irradiated toward the inside of the furnace changes continuously and linearly with the passage of time.

On the other hand, a reflected microwave (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a received wave) reflected by the slag surface 3 to be measured and received by the receiving antenna 12 has a distance from the receiving antenna 12 to the slag surface 3 (hereinafter, a separation distance) A delay Δt (seconds) proportional to D) is generated. As a result, a difference Δf (Hz) in frequency corresponding to the separation distance D occurs between the transmission wave and the reception wave at a certain same time. As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C, when such a transmission wave and a reception wave are mixed by the mixer, a difference frequency signal (hereinafter also referred to as a beat wave or beat signal) having a frequency component corresponding to Δf is obtained. Become.

The time delay Δt between the transmission wave and the reception wave corresponds to the time required for the microwave to return from the transmission antenna 11 to the reception antenna 12 via the slug surface 3. The process of calculating the separation distance is equivalent to calculating the frequency of the beat signal (beat frequency Δf). Here, in a real measurement environment, the beat signal (beat wave) generated by the mixer often becomes a complex wave in which several frequency components are mixed.

Therefore, in order to obtain the frequency of the beat signal composed of such a plurality of frequency components, Fourier transform processing is performed based on the beat signal composed of a plurality of frequency components to generate a frequency spectrum signal. Next, based on the frequency spectrum signal, a waveform signal as shown in FIG. 2D (hereinafter, also referred to as “distance waveform signal”) showing the relationship between the distance [m] and the signal strength is generated. The distance waveform signal has the horizontal axis as distance [m] and the vertical axis as signal intensity [dB], and the separation distance to be obtained is given at the peak position.

By the way, during blasting, hot metal or slag is blown into the furnace by blowing gas such as oxygen from the lance 4 or by injecting argon gas or the like from the tuyere (not shown in FIG. 1) of the furnace bottom. Scatters a lot. When these spatters adhere to the furnace port and the furnace wall in the furnace, they grow as metal and grow. The microwaves emitted from the transmitting antenna 11 propagate through the space with a certain spread, and may be irradiated not only to the slag surface 3 but also to the bare metal attached to the furnace port and the furnace wall. As a result, when microwaves are reflected by the bare metal, reflected microwaves respectively reflected from both the slag surface 3 and the bare metal are detected. As a result, in the distance waveform signal obtained by subjecting the beat wave to Fourier transform, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of peaks P1 and P2 may appear. In such a case, for example, if it is determined that the main peak in the distance waveform signal corresponds to the level of the slag surface 3, the level of the slag surface 3 is not disturbed by the presence of a plurality of peaks. Can be identified.

However, at this time, depending on the degree of growth of the metal, the inclination of the slag surface 3 which is the reflection surface, and the microwave reflectivity of the slag surface 3, the reflected signal from the metal rather than the reflected signal from the slag surface 3 May become larger. In such a case, a peak generated in the distance waveform signal by a reflected signal from the metal may be erroneously detected as the distance to the slag surface 3.

FIG. 4 shows history data in which the main peak appearing in the distance waveform signal is extracted each time the distance waveform signal is obtained, and this time change is plotted in time series (hereinafter referred to as “level measurement Also called "value". S1 in FIG. 4 shows the time average curve calculated based on these level measurement values. As shown in FIG. 4, variations occur in the level measurement values that should indicate the distance to the slag surface 3. From this, if it is decided that the main peak simply indicates the level of the slag surface 3, the reflection from the slag surface 3 or the reflection from the metal is included in the position of the main peak, It is understood that the peak due to the reflection from the metal will be misdetected as a level measurement value indicating the level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace.

In addition, the time average curve S1 indicating the time average of the distance to the slag surface 3 is also affected by an error that the main peak generated in the distance waveform signal is erroneously detected as the level measurement value by the reflection signal from the metal. Will be a lot of things.

Therefore, even if the antenna unit 10a receives both the reflected signal from the metal and the reflected signal from the slag surface 3, the inventors distinguish the two signals from each other, and We carefully studied the method of removing the reflected signal. As a result, it becomes clear that the level measurement value indicating molten steel surface and slag surface vibrates at high speed, while the level measurement value indicating the metal appears at approximately the same height position, and utilizing this difference, both We came up with a method to identify the reflected signal of and to remove the reflected signal from the metal. Hereinafter, a level measurement method for obtaining an accurate level measurement value by removing a reflection signal from the base metal will be described in detail using the level calculation unit 10b shown in FIG.

<Overview of Level Calculator>
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of the level calculation unit 10b. As shown in FIG. 5, the level calculation unit 10b includes a control unit 20 having a microcomputer configuration including a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory (RAM) and a read only memory (ROM) (not shown). . The level calculation unit 10 b includes a storage unit 21 storing various information, a display unit 22, a signal processing unit 23 connected to the antenna unit 10 a, a distance waveform signal generation unit 24, an extraction unit 25, and noise determination. The configuration is such that the unit 26 and the level specification unit 27 are connected to the control unit 20 via the bus B.

The control unit 20 comprehensively controls various functions in the level calculation unit 10b by loading various programs such as a basic program stored in advance in the ROM and a level measurement processing program into the RAM and starting up. Execute level measurement processing. The signal processing unit 23 sends the microwaves to the transmission antenna 11 and the distance waveform signal generation unit 24. The signal processing unit 23 irradiates microwaves from the transmitting antenna 11 to the inside of the furnace, receives the reflected microwave received by the receiving antenna 12, and sends it to the distance waveform signal generating unit 24.

The distance waveform signal generation unit 24 includes a beat signal generation unit 29 and a Fourier transform processing unit 30. The beat signal generation unit 29 mixes a microwave as a transmission wave and a reflection microwave as a reception wave by a mixer to generate a beat signal (difference frequency signal), and sends this to the Fourier transform processing unit 30. The Fourier transform processing unit 30 performs Fourier transform processing on the beat signal to generate a frequency spectrum signal. Further, the Fourier transform processing unit 30 generates a distance waveform signal as shown in FIG. 2D showing the relationship between the distance [m] and the signal strength based on the frequency spectrum signal, and sends this to the extraction unit 25.

The distance waveform signal generation unit 24 generates a distance waveform signal indicating the relationship between the distance and the signal strength to the slag surface 3 or the metal in the furnace by a microwave and a reflection microwave during blowing at predetermined time intervals. It generates with. Each time the extraction unit 25 receives a distance waveform signal, the extraction unit 25 extracts the main peak appearing in the distance waveform signal as a level measurement value, and sends it to the storage unit 21, the noise determination unit 26, and the level specification unit 27. Do. In this case, the extraction unit 25 specifies the highest peak appearing in a predetermined distance range (for example, 10 to 20 [m]) in the distance waveform signal as a main peak and determines this as a level measurement value.

When receiving the level measurement value from the extraction unit 25, the storage unit 21 stores the level measurement value as a past accumulation level measurement value in chronological order (storage step). Thereby, as shown in FIG. 4, the storage unit 21 stores history data in which all level measurement values obtained during blow tempering are arranged in chronological order as past accumulation level measurement values (ie, distance and time Data indicating the relationship is generated.

Here, FIG. 6 is a graph in which an area from 350 seconds to 500 seconds is enlarged in the history data shown in FIG. It is assumed that the metal deposited on the furnace wall and the like is not susceptible to the effects of oxygen blown from the lance 4 and argon gas blown from the tuyere of the furnace bottom. Therefore, the plots (level measurement values) appearing at substantially the same height position in the regions ER1, ER2, ER3 shown in FIG. 6 are level measurement values calculated by erroneously detecting a reflection signal from the metal. It can be guessed.

On the other hand, the slag surface 3 is affected by oxygen blown from the lance 4 and gases such as argon blown from the tuyere of the furnace bottom, and finely vibrates the range of about ± 500 [mm] in a short time. The overall height fluctuates in the cycle. Therefore, a plot (level measurement value) having a short period and a fine oscillation other than the regions ER1, ER2, and ER3 shown in FIG. 6 is a level measurement value calculated by detecting a reflection signal from the slag surface 3. It can be guessed.

The level calculation unit 10b detects the difference between the level measurement value calculated by detecting the reflection signal from the slag surface 3 and the level measurement value calculated by erroneous detection of the reflection signal from the metal. Use to remove the reflection signal from the metal. Every time the noise determination unit 26 shown in FIG. 5 receives the level measurement value from the extraction unit 25, the level measurement value erroneously detects the reflection signal from the metal by using the past accumulation level measurement value. It is determined whether or not it is the level measurement value (hereinafter also referred to as noise) calculated.

In the case of this embodiment, the noise determination unit 26 includes a comparison unit 31 and a determination unit 32. Each time the comparison unit 31 receives a level measurement value from the extraction unit 25, the comparison unit 31 reads out the accumulation level measurement value within the determination range from the history data stored in the storage unit 21. In the case of this embodiment, as the determination range, for example, when the n-th level measurement value is received from the extraction unit 25 from the beginning of the blowing, among the past accumulation level measurement values stored in the storage unit 21 , And n-1 times to n-10 times of ten accumulation level measurement values stored immediately before the n-th level measurement value.

The comparison unit 31 compares the plurality of accumulation level measurement values within the determination range with the latest level measurement value received from the extraction unit 25. The comparison unit 31 is a comparison result indicating whether an accumulation level measurement value whose absolute value of the difference from the latest level measurement value is equal to or less than a predetermined value exists in any of the accumulation level measurement values in the determination range. Are sent to the determination unit 32.

In the case of this embodiment, the comparison unit 31 may, for example, select, from among the accumulation level measurement values in the determination range, even one accumulation level measurement value whose absolute value of difference from the level measurement value to be determined is less than a predetermined value. If detected, the comparison process is ended, but the present invention is not limited to this. The comparison unit 31 may compare the level measurement value to be determined with all the accumulation level measurement values within the determination range.

For the definition of “below the predetermined value”, which is the judgment standard of the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement value and the accumulation level measurement value, and the judgment range, the size of the furnace and the metal obtained from past operation data An appropriate value may be selected for each furnace in accordance with the frequency of detection, the growth rate of the metal, the reflectance of the slag surface 3, the distance resolution of the level measurement apparatus 10, and the like. As in the present embodiment, for example, in the case of using the level measurement apparatus 10 of the FMCW method, for the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement value and the accumulation level measurement value, the frequency bandwidth of the microwave is F [Hz] Assuming that the speed of light is c [m / s], it is preferable to set the resolution of the level measurement apparatus 10 determined by c / 2F or so. That is, it is desirable to generate a comparison result as to whether the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement value and the accumulation level measurement value is c / 2F or less.

Also, for example, as a comparison result of whether the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement value and the accumulation level measurement value is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the absolute value of the distance difference between the level measurement value and the accumulation level measurement value is 30 A comparison result of whether or not [mm] or less may be generated.

The determination method of such a level measurement value is demonstrated below using historical data as shown to FIG. 7A. Here, attention is focused on the level measurement value d ₁₁ in the history data. When the comparison unit 31 receives the n-th level measurement value d ₁₁ from the extraction unit 25 as the most recent level measurement value, the comparison unit 31 stores the history data stored in the storage unit 21 immediately before the level measurement value d _11. The ten accumulation level measurement values d ₁₀ to d ₁ from n-1 to n-10 times are sequentially read out. The comparison unit 31 sequentially compares each of the accumulation level measurement values d ₁₀ to d ₁ within the read judgment range with the level measurement value d _11, and determines the level among the accumulation level measurement values d ₁₀ to d _1. A comparison result indicating whether or not there are accumulated level measurement values d ₁₀ to d ₁ whose absolute value of the difference from the measurement value d ₁₁ is equal to or less than a predetermined value is generated.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 7A, the level measurement value d ₁₁ which is a determination target, the accumulation level measurements d ₉ in determination _{_{_{range, d 8, d 7, d}}} 2 and due to the substantially same height position In these accumulation level measurement values d ₉ , d ₈ , d ₇ and d ₂ , it is determined that the absolute value of the difference from the level measurement value d ₁₁ is equal to or less than a predetermined value. Comparing unit 31, for example, the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement values d ₁₁ generates a comparison result of the accumulation level measurements d ₉ to be less than a predetermined value is present, and sends it to the determination unit 32. In this manner, each time comparison unit 31 receives a level measurement value from extraction unit 25, whether or not there is an accumulation level measurement value for which the absolute value of the difference from this level measurement value is equal to or less than a predetermined value Generate comparison results for

As for the history data shown in FIG. 7A, each time the comparison unit 31 receives a level measurement value from the extraction unit 25, the above-mentioned determination is performed. As shown in FIG. 7B, white circles (“○ The level measurement values d ₇ , d ₈ , d ₉ , d ₁₀ , d ₁₁ , d ₁₆ , and d ₁₇ shown in “) are within the respective determination ranges, and the level measurement values d ₇ , d ₈ , d ₉ , and d _{10, respectively.} , D ₁₁ , d ₁₆ , and d _17. The comparison result is obtained that there is an accumulated level measurement value for which the absolute value of the difference with respect to d ₁₁ , d ₁₆ and d ₁₇ is equal to or less than a predetermined value. For example, the level measurements d ₁₀ shown in FIG. 7B, in the determination range, the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement value d ₁₀ is present is the accumulation level measurements d ₄ equal to or less than a predetermined value, the level measured value d ₁₆ is within the determination range, the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement values d ₁₆ to obtain a comparison result between the accumulation level measurements d ₁₀ of equal to or less than a predetermined value exists.

Determination unit 32 receives the comparison result between the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement values d ₁₁ to be determined is the accumulation level measurements equal to or less than a predetermined value is present within the determination range from the comparator 31, the level measurement as the value _{d 11} has appeared at approximately the same height and continues as the previous accumulation level measurements _{_{_{d 2, d 7, d 8}}} , d 9, the level measurement value _{d 11,} of from bullion It is determined that the reflection signal is erroneously detected and the noise is calculated. The determination unit 32 sends the determination result to the level specification unit 27.

On the other hand, determination unit 32 receives from comparison unit 31 the comparison result indicating that the accumulated level measurement value for which the absolute value of the difference from the level measurement value to be determined is equal to or less than the predetermined value does not exist within the determination range. The level measurement value is determined based on the slug surface 3 whose height generally varies in a long cycle, and the level measurement value is determined by detecting a reflection signal from the slag surface 3. Then, the determination unit 32 sends the determination result to the level specification unit 27.

The level specifying unit 27 illustrated in FIG. 5 includes a removing unit 34 and a level output unit 35. The removal unit 34 receives the latest level measurement value from the extraction unit 25 and receives the determination result on the latest level measurement value from the determination unit 32. For example, upon receiving the determination result that the latest level measurement value is noise, the removal unit 34 removes the latest level measurement value determined to be noise. On the other hand, upon receiving the determination result that the latest level measurement value is not noise, the removal unit 34 sends the level measurement value not determined to be noise to the level output unit 35.

Here, in FIG. 7C, the level specification unit 27 removes the level measurement values d ₇ , d ₈ , d ₉ , d ₁₀ , d ₁₁ , d ₁₆ , and d ₁₇ determined as noise in the history data of FIG. 7B. Shows later historical data. As shown in FIG. 7C, the level output unit 35 outputs, as a level measurement result indicating the level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace, only the level measurement value which is not determined to be noise and is not removed.

As a result, the level output unit 35 can present the level measurement values obtained by removing most of the reflection signal from the base metal, and a time average curve showing the time average of the distance to the slag surface 3 based on these level measurement values. S2 can be generated. The time average curve S2 obtained in this way shows more exactly the level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace, since most of the noise generated by the reflected signal from the metal is removed. It becomes a thing.

In the history data, the level measurement values d ₂ and d ₄ due to the first reflection signal from the base metal, which is the determination reference for determining the level measurement value as noise, are not removed but are directly output from the level output unit 35 It will be output. However, the level output unit 35 can reduce the influence of the level measurement values d ₂ and d ₄ not removed as noise by outputting the time average curve S2. Further, even if the level measurement value due to the reflection signal from the slag surface 3 is erroneously removed as noise, the level output unit 35 can reduce the influence by outputting the time average curve S2.

As described above, the level measurement value generated by the reflection signal from the slug surface 3 may also be erroneously determined as noise and removed at several points. However, since the measurement period by microwave transmission and reception is generally as high as 100 [ms] or less, there is no problem even if several points are lost in the level measurement value generated by the reflected signal from the slag surface 3, Accurate level measurement of the slag surface 3 can be performed.

Here, all the level measurement values extracted by the extraction unit 25 are stored in the storage unit 21, and the noise determination unit 26 extracts all the level measurement values using the past accumulation level measurement value. It is determined whether the level measurement value obtained by the unit 25 is noise caused by a reflected signal from the metal. That is, although the level measurement value determined as noise is not output from the level output unit 35, it is included in the determination range in the determination process by the noise determination unit 26. As described above, the noise determination unit 26 includes the level measurement value determined as noise within the determination range, and determines whether the latest level measurement value is noise or not, thereby making the level measurement value more accurate. Noise can be determined.

The level measurement values after determination processing output from the level output unit 35 and the time average curve S2 obtained from these level measurement values are sent to the display unit 22 and displayed on the display unit 22. Thereby, the worker can recognize the level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace during blowing in real time based on the time-series change of the level measurement value displayed on the display unit 22 and the time average curve S2.

Moreover, in patent document 2, the difference was taken about the distance waveform signal which shows the relationship between distance and signal strength, and the level of slag surface 3 was specified by detecting the largest signal of the absolute value of a difference or a difference. The microwave reflectivity of the slag surface 3 is extremely small, and the distance waveform signal has a problem that the variation due to noise is large and the intensity is reduced due to the dust in the furnace. In addition, it is difficult to measure the slag surface correctly because the strength is further reduced by taking the difference, but in the configuration according to the present embodiment described above, the slag waveform is not processed but slag By converting it to a level measurement value that indicates the relationship between the distance to the surface 3 or the metal and the signal strength and processing it, it is possible to eliminate the dependency on the signal strength, and the signal becomes smaller even if the difference is taken. It is possible to avoid the problem of being buried in noise or noise.

<Level Measurement Process of the Present Invention>
Next, the above-described level measurement process performed by the level measurement apparatus 10 will be briefly described using the flowchart shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, in step SP 1, the level measurement apparatus 10 generates microwaves by the signal processing unit 23, and radiates the microwaves from the transmitting antenna 11 into the furnace and uses the microwaves as transmission signals. It sends to the beat signal generation unit 29, and proceeds to the next step SP2.

In step SP2, the receiving antenna 12 receives the reflected microwave from the inside of the furnace, sends it as a received signal to the beat signal generating unit 29 via the signal processing unit 23, and proceeds to the next step SP3. In step SP3, the beat signal generation unit 29 generates a beat signal from the microwave as the transmission signal and the reflection microwave as the reception signal, sends this to the Fourier transform processing unit 30, and proceeds to the next step SP4. .

In step SP4, the Fourier transform processing unit 30 generates a frequency spectrum signal by performing Fourier transform or the like on the beat signal. Next, in step SP4, the Fourier transform processing unit 30 generates a distance waveform signal indicating the relationship between the distance and the signal strength to the slag surface 3 or metal in the furnace based on the frequency spectrum signal. It sends to the extraction unit 25 and proceeds to the next step SP5.

In step SP5, the extraction unit 25 extracts the main peak generated in the distance waveform signal as a level measurement value indicating the temporal change of the distance to the slag surface 3 or the metal, and this is stored in the storage unit 21 and the noise determination unit 26 and to the level identification unit 27, and proceeds to the next step SP6. In step SP6, the storage unit 21 stores the level measurement value as an accumulation level measurement value, generates history data in which past accumulation level measurement values are arranged in time series, and proceeds to the next step SP7.

In step SP7, the noise determination unit 26 reads out from the storage unit 21 the accumulated level measurement value within the predetermined determination range, and the absolute value of the difference from the level measurement value is equal to or less than a predetermined value (for example, the absolute value of the distance difference) Is 30 [mm] or less, or c / 2F or less) whether or not the accumulated level measurement value exists within the determination range (whether or not to approximate the accumulated level measurement value). If a negative result is obtained in step SP7, this means that the accumulation level measurement value having the absolute value of the difference between the level measurement value and the predetermined value or less does not exist within the determination range, that is, the level measurement value is the metal At this time, the noise determination unit 26 sends the determination result to the level identification unit 27 and proceeds to the next step SP8.

On the other hand, if a positive result is obtained in step SP7, this means that the accumulation level measurement value whose absolute value of difference from the level measurement value is less than or equal to the predetermined value exists within the determination range, ie, the level measurement value Indicates that the noise is generated due to a signal reflected from the metal, and at this time, the noise determination unit 26 sends the determination result to the level specification unit 27 and proceeds to the next step SP9. In step SP9, the level specification unit 27 removes the level measurement value determined to be noise, and proceeds to the next step SP8.

In step SP8, the level identification unit 27 sets the level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace to the remaining level measurement values excluding the removed level measurement values and the time average curve S2 calculated from these remaining level measurements. Is displayed on the display unit 22 as a level measurement result that can be identified, and the above-described level measurement processing procedure is ended.

<Action and effect>
In the above configuration, in the level measurement apparatus 10, microwaves are irradiated toward the inside of the furnace, and the reflected microwaves from the slag surface 3 are received (microwave irradiation receiving step), and these microwaves and reflected microwaves A distance waveform signal indicating the relationship between the distance and the signal strength to the slag surface 3 or metal in the furnace is generated (distance waveform signal generation step). In the level measurement apparatus 10, whenever a distance waveform signal is obtained, the main peak in the distance waveform signal is extracted as a level measurement value indicating the relationship between the distance to the slag surface 3 or the metal and the signal strength ( Extraction process). The level measuring apparatus 10 compares the most recent level measurement value with the past accumulated level measurement value within the determination range to determine whether the level measurement value is noise (noise determination step).

Here, the level measurement value obtained from the reflection signal from the metal attached to the furnace opening and the furnace wall has a small variation in distance per unit time, while the level measurement obtained from the reflection signal from the slag surface 3 The values are such that the distance changes periodically and the period of distance variation is fast. From this, when there is an accumulation level measurement value whose absolute value of the difference from the level measurement value to be judged is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the accumulation level measurement value of the past as the judgment range As for the value, it can be said that the distance variation per unit time is small, so the level measurement value is determined as noise.

The level measuring device 10 removes the level measurement value determined to be noise, and identifies the level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace based only on the level measurement value remaining without being removed (level identification step). Thereby, in the level measuring device 10, it is possible to suppress specification of the level of the slag surface 3 in the furnace based on the erroneous level measurement value generated by the metal, and accordingly, the slag during blowing Face 3 can be measured more accurately than before.

Moreover, in patent document 2, the difference was taken about the distance waveform signal which shows the relationship between distance and signal strength, and the level of slag surface 3 was specified by detecting the largest signal of the absolute value of a difference or a difference. However, there is a problem that the microwave reflectivity of the slag surface 3 is extremely small, and the distance waveform signal has a large fluctuation due to noise, and the intensity is reduced by dust in the furnace. In addition, it is difficult to measure the slag surface correctly because the strength is further reduced by taking the difference, but in the configuration according to the present embodiment described above, the slag waveform is not processed but slag By converting it to a level measurement value that indicates the relationship between the distance to the surface 3 or the metal and the signal strength and processing it, it is possible to eliminate the dependency on the signal strength, and the signal becomes smaller even if the difference is taken. It is possible to avoid the problem of being buried in noise or noise.

In this embodiment, two antennas of the transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 are used, and the transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 are disposed in the opening formed by the hood opening 6. As described above, when two antennas of the transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 are disposed in the hood opening 6, the center of the hood opening 6 and the center of the transmitting antenna 11 are shifted. For this reason, since the microwaves from the transmission antenna 11 easily hit the metal other than the slag surface 3 and the like, noise is easily generated.

In addition, as described above, when two antennas of the transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 are disposed in the hood opening 6, compared to the case of using a single transmitting / receiving antenna, only by the provision of the receiving antenna 12 The transmission area of the transmission antenna 11 is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable to improve the sensitivity by increasing the output from the transmitting antenna 11 or lowering the noise floor in the circuit, but the noise due to the metal other than the slag surface 3 is also increased by the increased sensitivity. It becomes easy to occur.

However, in the level measuring apparatus 10, even if two antennas of the transmitting antenna 11 and the receiving antenna 12 are disposed in the hood opening 6, the level of the slag surface 3 is specified from the erroneous level measurement value caused by the metal. Therefore, the slag surface 3 during blowing can be accurately measured.

Other Embodiments
In the embodiment described above, n-1 times stored immediately before the n-th level measurement value to be determined as the determination range of the accumulation level measurement value to be compared with the most recent n-th level measurement value Although the determination range is 10 accumulation level measurements up to n-10 times, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, n-m ₁ times to n-m ₂ times (m ₁ and m ₂ are integers other than 0 and m ₁ <m ₂ ) stored immediately before the n-th level measurement value to be determined The accumulated level measurement values up to the point may be set as the determination range.

In addition, as the determination range of the accumulation level measurement value to be compared with the latest level measurement value, a plurality of accumulation level measurement values observed up to a predetermined time before the timing when the level measurement value to be determined is acquired It is also good. In this case, for example, it is desirable to determine whether the level measurement value is noise or not using the accumulation level measurement value acquired within one second before the level measurement value is acquired.

In the embodiment described above, the antenna unit 10a including one transmitting antenna 11 and one receiving antenna 12 is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna may be used. An integrally formed transmitting and receiving antenna may be used. Moreover, in the embodiment mentioned above, although the case where converter 1 used for a converter steelmaking process was applied as a furnace was explained, the present invention is not limited to this, for example other than a smelting reduction furnace, nonferrous metal refinement process The present invention can be applied to other various furnaces such as the furnace used for Examples of nonferrous metal refining processes include copper smelting processes.

Here, with respect to the measurement result shown in FIG. 4, when the absolute value of the difference between any of the accumulation level measurement values up to one second ago and the current level measurement value is within 0.03 [m], It is assumed that the level measurement value this time is based on the reflection signal from the metal, and the result of noise removal is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the level measurement value in the vicinity of 10.6 [m] which appeared steadily in 200 to 800 seconds, and the level in the vicinity of 11.6 [m] and 12 [m] which appeared in 0 to 400 seconds The measurement values and the level measurement values in the vicinity of 12 m and 12.5 m appearing in 500 to 600 seconds can be removed as noise in FIG. 9, respectively. Accordingly, it has been confirmed that the time average curve S2 obtained based on these level measurement values also has a time average value obtained from the level up to the original slag surface 3.

1 Converter (furnace)
Reference Signs List 3 slug surface 10 level measuring apparatus 10a antenna unit 10b level calculating unit 11 transmitting antenna 12 receiving antenna 24 distance waveform signal generating unit 25 extracting unit 26 noise determining unit 27 level specifying unit

Claims

A level measurement method for measuring the level of slag surface in a furnace using microwaves, comprising:
A microwave irradiation receiving step of irradiating the microwave toward the inside of the furnace and receiving reflected microwaves from the surface of the slag or the metal deposited in the furnace;
A distance waveform signal generation step of generating a distance waveform signal indicating the relationship between the distance and the signal strength to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace by the microwave and the reflection microwave;
Extracting the main peak in the distance waveform signal as a level measurement value indicating a time change of the distance to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace;
A noise determination step of determining whether the level measurement value is noise or not by comparing the level measurement value with a past accumulation level measurement value;
A level identification process of removing the level measurement value determined as the noise and identifying the level of the slag surface in the furnace based on the level measurement value remaining without being removed Method.
In the noise determination step,
The level measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the level measurement value is determined as the noise when an absolute value of a difference between the level measurement value and the accumulation level measurement value is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
In the noise determination step,
The level measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the level measurement value is determined as the noise when an absolute value of a difference between the level measurement value and the accumulation level measurement value is c / 2F or less.
Here, c represents the speed of light [m / s], and F represents the frequency bandwidth [Hz] of the microwave.
In the noise determination step,
The said level measurement value is determined as the said noise, when the absolute value of the distance difference of the said level measurement value and the said accumulation level measurement value is 30 [mm] or less. Level measurement method.
In the noise determination step,
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein it is determined whether or not the level measurement value is the noise, using the accumulation level measurement value acquired within one second of acquiring the level measurement value. The level measurement method described in.
The level measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a storage step of storing the level measurement value determined to be the noise in the noise determination step as a storage level measurement value in a storage unit. Method.
A level measuring device for measuring the level of slag surface in a furnace using microwaves,
An antenna unit which irradiates the microwave toward the inside of the furnace and receives a reflection microwave from the slag surface or a metal attached to the furnace;
A distance waveform signal generation unit that generates a distance waveform signal indicating the relationship between the distance and the signal strength to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace by the microwave and the reflected microwave;
An extraction unit for extracting a main peak in the distance waveform signal as a level measurement value indicating a temporal change in the distance to the slag surface or the metal in the furnace;
A noise determination unit that determines whether the level measurement value is noise or not by comparing the level measurement value with a past accumulation level measurement value;
A level identification unit for removing the level measurement value determined as the noise and identifying the level of the slag surface in the furnace based on the level measurement value remaining without being removed apparatus.