WO2019113724A1 - 双硫仑的新应用 - Google Patents

双硫仑的新应用 Download PDF

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WO2019113724A1
WO2019113724A1 PCT/CN2017/115405 CN2017115405W WO2019113724A1 WO 2019113724 A1 WO2019113724 A1 WO 2019113724A1 CN 2017115405 W CN2017115405 W CN 2017115405W WO 2019113724 A1 WO2019113724 A1 WO 2019113724A1
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acid
compound
disulfiram
pharmaceutically acceptable
saicar
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PCT/CN2017/115405
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潘武广
朱威
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广州君赫生物科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/115405 priority Critical patent/WO2019113724A1/zh
Priority to CN201780098271.7A priority patent/CN111698986B/zh
Priority to US16/979,848 priority patent/US20210008012A1/en
Publication of WO2019113724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019113724A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/145—Amines having sulfur, e.g. thiurams (>N—C(S)—S—C(S)—N< and >N—C(S)—S—S—C(S)—N<), Sulfinylamines (—N=SO), Sulfonylamines (—N=SO2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants

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  • the present invention relates to compounds and uses which attenuate the activity of SAICAR synthetase.
  • Anthraquinone anabolism is a ubiquitous and important biological metabolism in organisms. Its products AMP and GMP not only provide raw materials for the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA in vivo, but also many key coenzymes in the body (NAD, NADP, FAD and CoA). ), signaling molecules (such as cAMP) and the important energy molecule ATP provide the purine bases necessary for its synthesis. It can be seen that hydrazine anabolism is at the core of the entire metabolic network. Indole synthesis includes two synthetic pathways, de novo purine synthesis and salvage pathway.
  • Adenyl succinate lyase deficiency (adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency ADSL deficiency) is a metabolic disorder in which adenine de novo synthesis and purine nucleotide metabolism pathways produce deletions and disorders.
  • the cause of the disease is mainly due to mutation or deletion of adenyl succinate lyase in the patient, resulting in excessive accumulation of the enzyme substrate SAICAR in the cell without timely clearance [Jaeken J, Van den Berghe G. (1984). An infantile autistic syndrome characterized by the presence of succinylpurines in body fluids. Lancet 8411: 1058-1061.].
  • Adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency an unusual cause of neonatal seizure.
  • Arch Pediatr 15 135-138.
  • Screening for adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency clinical, biochemical and molecular findings in four patients. Neuropediatrics 33, 186-189.
  • ADSL deficiency has three consecutive major phenotypes: neonatal lethal, severe (type I) and mild to moderate (type II). It has been clinically found that even patients from the same family have different phenotypes. The onset is generally seen in the period from birth to infancy. The reported cases have fatal neonatal brain lesions (having signs of hypokinesia, refractory epilepsy, respiratory disorders) and moderate mental impairment. All patients have mental retardation, most of them have different types of epilepsy, and about one-third of them have autistic features (no eye contact, sensitivity to sound and light, repetitive behavior, agitation, temper tantrum, self-injury and Self-mutilation).
  • Clinical manifestations include delayed mental activity, hyperactivity, speech disorders, muscle tone loss, muscle atrophy, and paralysis. Severe patients usually have microcephaly. Prenatal clinical manifestations include: intrauterine growth impaired, microcephaly, fetal motor dysfunction, and fetal heart rate loss.
  • ADSL enzyme adenyl succinate lyase
  • SAICAr is the product of SAICAR dephosphorylation
  • S-Ado is the product of S-AMP dephosphorylation
  • PAICS phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamidesynthetase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxylase
  • SAICAR synthetase (4 -(N-succinylcarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotidesynthetase, SAICARs) and AIR carboxylase (AIRc) function, catalyze the de novo catabolism of the sixth and seventh steps, one of the key reaction processes As follows
  • Disulfiram drugbank ID: DB00822 (APRD00767), for the treatment of alcohol dependence, suitable for alcoholics who are willing to cooperate under the age of 50.
  • Disulfiram alone has no obvious toxicity, and it has no significant effect on alcohol metabolism as a hangover drug. Ethanol is oxidized in the body by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is quickly oxidized by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
  • the inventors found that the compound with the DrugBank ID DB00822 can effectively interfere with the activity of PAICS, thereby reducing the synthesis of SAICAR and ultimately reducing the accumulation of SAICAr to achieve treatment or improvement.
  • the purpose of ADSL deficiency is based on the existing protein structure data and small molecule structure data.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of the above compound has the same core structure as the compound itself, and undergoes hydrolysis or the like in the body to form a molecule having the same or similar activity as the original compound, achieving the same or similar therapeutic effects.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of a compound especially a simple derivative thereof, particularly one of a lower ester, a lower ether, a lower alkyl substituent, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a lower amide, that is, having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is preferably a derivative obtained by condensing a carboxylic acid, an alcohol or an amine of 2 to 6, 2 to 4 with a parent compound.
  • compositions of the compounds can be synthesized from the parent compound by conventional chemical methods, such as in Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, P. Heinrich Stahl (Editor), Camille G. Wermuth (Editor), ISBN: The method described in 3-90639-026-8, Hardcover, 388 pages, August 2002.
  • these salts can be prepared by reacting the free base of the compound with an acid in water or an organic solvent or a mixture of the two; usually, a non-aqueous medium such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile is used. .
  • Acid addition salts can be prepared by various acids (mineral acids and organic acids).
  • the acid addition salt include a salt made of an acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid (e.g., L-ascorbic acid), and L-aspartate.
  • benzenesulfonic acid benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, butyric acid, (+) camphoric acid, camphor-sulfonic acid, (+)-(1S)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, citric acid, hexanoic acid, Octanoic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclaic acid, lauryl sulfate, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactose Acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, D-gluconic acid, glucuronic acid (such as D-glucuronic acid), glutamic acid (such as L-glutamic acid), ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid, glycolic acid, Hippuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, isethionate
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional solid ribbon structure diagram of PAICS
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the interaction of CAIR and SAICAR synthetase in crystal structure, in which A: PDB access ID 2GQS; B: PDB access ID 2CNQ; C: PDB access ID 4FE2;
  • Figure 3 is a result of alignment of different SAICAR synthase protein sequences.
  • the human PAICS protein sequence has a total length of 425 amino acid residues, of which 2 to 260AA is the SAICAR synthetase domain, 267-425 is the AIR carboxylase domain, and the two domains are linked by the 6-peptide (KSESQC).
  • KSESQC 6-peptide 6-peptide
  • the GLN159-GLN183 ⁇ helix of the SAICAR Synthetase domain interacts with the ASN395-ASN424 ⁇ helix of the AIR carboxylase domain, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the structure containing CAIR in the composite has 2GQS, 2CNQ and 4FE2
  • the structure containing ASP has 2CNV, 2CNU and 4FE2.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of the above compound has the same core structure as the compound itself, and undergoes hydrolysis or the like in the body to form a molecule having the same or similar activity as the original compound, achieving the same or similar therapeutic effects.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of a compound especially a simple derivative thereof, particularly one of a lower ester, a lower ether, a lower alkyl substituent, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a lower amide, that is, having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is preferably a derivative obtained by condensing a carboxylic acid, an alcohol or an amine of 2 to 6, 2 to 4 with a parent compound.
  • compositions of the compounds can be synthesized from the parent compound by conventional chemical methods, such as in Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, P. Heinrich Stahl (Editor), Camille G. Wermuth (Editor), ISBN: The method described in 3-90639-026-8, Hardcover, 388 pages, August 2002.
  • these salts can be prepared by reacting the free base of the compound with an acid in water or an organic solvent or a mixture of the two; usually, a non-aqueous medium such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile is used. .
  • Acid addition salts can be prepared by various acids (mineral acids and organic acids).
  • the acid addition salt include a salt made of an acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid (e.g., L-ascorbic acid), and L-aspartate.
  • benzenesulfonic acid benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, butyric acid, (+) camphoric acid, camphor-sulfonic acid, (+)-(1S)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, citric acid, hexanoic acid, Octanoic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclaic acid, lauryl sulfate, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactose Acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, D-gluconic acid, glucuronic acid (such as D-glucuronic acid), glutamic acid (such as L-glutamic acid), ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid, glycolic acid, Hippuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, isethionate
  • Combination therapy can improve the efficacy and reduce side effects.
  • disulfiram and its pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives and other drugs and substances which have a therapeutic effect on ADSL deficiency act together as an active ingredient for the treatment of ADSL deficiency.

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Abstract

一种双硫仑的新应用，基于现有的蛋白结构数据、小分子结构数据，使用软件计算分析，筛选得到可以有效干扰PAICS活性的化合物双硫仑，进一步的实验数据表明使用双硫仑后可以减少SAICAR的合成，最终减少SAICAR的积累，达到治疗或改善ADSL缺陷症的目的。通过将上述化合物和其他对ADSL缺陷症有治疗作用的药物、物质联用，有望获得更佳的治疗或改善ADSL缺陷症的效果。

Description

双硫仑的新应用 技术领域
本发明涉及减弱SAICAR合成酶活性的化合物及应用。
背景技术
嘌呤合成代谢是生物体普遍存在而又十分重要的生物代谢，其产物AMP和GMP不仅为生物体内DNA和RNA的生物合成提供原料，而且也为体内许多关键的辅酶(NAD、NADP、FAD和CoA)、信号分子(如cAMP)和重要的能量分子ATP提供其合成所必需的嘌呤碱基。可见，嘌呤合成代谢在整个代谢网络中处于核心位置。嘌呤合成包括从头合成(de novo purine synthesis)和补救途径(salvage pathway)两个合成途径。
腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶缺陷症(adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency ADSL缺陷症)是一种在腺嘌呤从头合成以及嘌呤核苷酸代谢途径中产生缺失、混乱的代谢疾病。该疾病产生的原因主要是由于患者体内的腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶发生了突变或者缺失，从而导致细胞中该酶的底物SAICAR过度地积累而得不到及时的清除[Jaeken J，Van den Berghe G.(1984).An infantile autistic syndrome characterized by the presence of succinylpurines in body fluids.Lancet 8411：1058-1061.]。1984年Jaeken以及Van den Berghe首次在几个患有运动迟缓症和自闭症的患者体液中检测到该代谢物的积累。患有腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶缺陷症的患者通常会出现严重的发育不良、运动迟缓、目光呆滞、癫痫、自闭等症状[Spiegel，E.K.，Colman，R.F.，and Patterson，D.(2006).Adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency.Mol Genet Metab 89，19-31.Clamadieu，C.，Cottin，X.，Rousselle，C.，and Claris，O.(2008).Adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency：an unusual cause of neonatal seizure.Arch Pediatr 15，135-138.Castro，M.，Perez-Cerda，C.，Merinero，B.，Garcia，M.J.，Bernar，J.，Gil Nagel，A.，Torres，J.，Bermudez，M.，Garavito，P.，Marie，S.，et al.(2002).Screening for adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency：clinical，biochemical and molecular findings in four patients.Neuropediatrics 33，186-189.Jurecka，A.，Zikanova，M.，Tylki-Szymanska，A.，Krijt，J.，Bogdanska，A.，Gradowska，W.，Mullerova，K.，Sykut-Cegielska，J.，Kmoch，S.，and Pronicka，E.(2008b).Clinical，biochemical and molecular findings in seven Polish patients with adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency.Mol Genet Metab 94，435-442.]。
ADSL缺陷症有3种连续的主要表型：新生儿致死型、重度(I型)和轻到中度(II型)。临床上发现即便是来自同一家族的患者也具有不同的表型。发病一般见于出生至婴幼儿期。已报导的病例有致死的新生脑病变(表现有运动功能减退、难治性癫痫、呼吸障碍)，中度智 力缺陷。所有的患者均存在智力缺陷，大多数存在不同类型的癫痫，约1/3的存在自闭症特征(无法进行眼神交流、对声光敏感、重复性行为、躁动、乱发脾气、自伤和自残)。其他不常见的临床表现包括心理运动延迟、过度活跃、语言障碍、肌肉张力减退、肌肉萎缩和痉挛。重度患者通常小头畸形。产前临床表现报导的有：宫内生长受损、小头畸形、胎儿运动功能减退以及胎儿心率变化缺失。
在腺嘌呤从头合成的代谢途径中，腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶(以下简称ADSL酶)主要参与将SAICAR裂解催化形成AICAR以及S-AMP生成AMP的反应[Spiegel，E.K.，Colman，R.F.，and Patterson，D.(2006).Adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency.Mol Genet Metab 89，19-31.Clamadieu，C.，Cottin，X.，Rousselle，C.，and Claris，O.(2008).Adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency：an unusual cause of neonatal seizure.Arch Pediatr 15，135-138.Castro，M.，Perez-Cerda，C.，Merinero，B.，Garcia，M.J.，Bernar，J.，Gil Nagel，A.，Torres，J.，Bermudez，M.，Garavito，P.，Marie，S.，et al.(2002).Screening for adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency：clinical，biochemical and molecular findings in four patients.Neuropediatrics 33，186-189.]。腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶缺陷患者由于ADSL酶发生了突变或者缺失，导致有害代谢物SAICAR得不到及时的清除，通常会出现很严重的神经以及生理的症状，比如癫痫，大脑发育失常，运动呆滞等[Ciardo，F.，Salerno，C.，and Curatolo，P.(2001).Neurologic aspects of adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency.J Child Neurol 16，301-308.Gitiaux，C.，Ceballos-Picot，I.，Marie，S.，Valayannopoulos，V.，Rio，M.，Verrieres，S.，Benoist，J.F.，Vincent，M.F.，Desguerre，I.，and Bahi-Buisson，N.(2009).Misleading behavioural phenotype with adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency.Eur J Hum Genet 17，133-136.Mierzewska，H.，Schmidt-Sidor，B.，Jurkiewicz，E.，Bogdanska，A.，Kusmierska，K.，and Stepien，T.(2009).Severe encephalopathy with brain atrophy and hypomyelination due to adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency--MRI，clinical，biochemical and neuropathological findings of Polish patients.Folia Neuropathol 47，314-320.]。在患者的脑脊液、体液中，通常会大量积累中间代谢物SAICAr及S-Ado(SAICAr是SAICAR脱去磷酸的产物，S-Ado是S-AMP去磷酸的产物)[Spiegel，E.K.，Colman，R.F.，and Patterson，D.(2006).Adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency.Mol Genet Metab 89，19-31.Mierzewska，H.，Schmidt-Sidor，B.，Jurkiewicz，E.，Bogdanska，A.，Kusmierska，K.，and Stepien，T.(2009).Severe encephalopathy with brain atrophy and hypomyelination due to adenylosuccinatelyase deficiency--MRI，clinical，biochemical and neuropathological findings of Polish patients.Folia Neuropathol 47，314-320.]。Van den Berghe等人发现体液中S-do与SAICAr的比值与患者的病症严重性有一定的相关性[Van den BerghF，Vincent MF，Jaeken J，Van den Berghe G.(1993).Residual adenylosuccinase activities in fibroblasts of adenylosuccinase-deficient  children：parallel deficiency with adenylosuccinate and succinyl-AICAR in profoundly retarded patients and non-parallel deficiency in a mildly retarded girl，J.Inherit.Metab.Dis.16(2)415-424.]。目前，临床上并没有有效的，可以治愈ADSL缺陷症治疗方案。
氨基咪唑琥珀基氨甲酰核苷酸合成酶/氨基咪唑核苷酸羧化酶，即PAICS(phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamidesynthetase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxylase)是一种嘌呤从头合成途径中重要的双功能酶，它具有SAICAR合成酶(4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotidesynthetase，SAICARs)和AIR羧化酶(5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotidecarboxylase，AIRc)的功能，催化嘌呤从头合成代谢第六步、第七步反应，其中的一个关键反应过程如下所示
Figure PCTCN2017115405-appb-000001
发明人在先的研究表明，通过干扰PAICS蛋白(基因)的功能，可以有效减少SAICAR及SAICAr的积累，达到治疗或改善ADSL缺陷症的目的，但是现阶段并未报导有相应的化合物具有这一作用。
双硫仑(Disulfiram)，drugbank ID：DB00822(APRD00767)，用于酒精依赖的治疗，适用于50岁以下愿意合作的酗酒者。双硫仑单独应用无明显毒性，作为解酒药其本身对酒精代谢也无明显影响。乙醇在体内被酒精脱氢酶氧化成乙醛，乙醛很快再被乙醛脱氢酶氧化。双硫仑的某些代谢产物不可逆地抑制胞质内和线粒体内的乙醛脱氢酶，使饮酒者血中乙醛浓度升高5～10倍，产生强烈的不适感，让嗜酒者转而对饮酒产生厌恶和恐惧心理，从而放弃酗酒而达到戒酒目的。未有研究表明双硫仑可以干扰SAICAR合成酶活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供干扰SAICAR合成酶活性的化合物及应用。
发明人基于现有的蛋白结构数据、小分子结构数据，使用软件计算分析，发现DrugBank ID为DB00822的化合物可以有效干扰PAICS的活性，进而减少SAICAR的合成，最终减少SAICAr的积累，达到治疗或改善ADSL缺陷症的目的。
上述化合物药学上可接受的衍生物，具有与化合物本身相同的母核结构，在体内经过水解等作用，可以生成与原化合物具有相同或相近活性的分子，达到相同或相近的治疗效果。
化合物药学上可接受的衍生物，尤其指其简单衍生物，特别是其低级酯、低级醚、低级 烷基取代物、药用盐、低级酰胺中的一种，即碳原子数在1～6，优选为2～6，2～4的羧酸、醇、胺与母化合物缩合得到的衍生物。
化合物药学上可接受的药用盐可以通过常规的化学方法从母体化合物合成，如在Pharmaceutical Salts：Properties，Selection，and Use，P.Heinrich Stahl(Editor)，Camille G.Wermuth(Editor)，ISBN：3-90639-026-8，Hardcover，388 pages，August 2002中描述的方法。一般来说，这些盐可以由化合物的游离碱和酸在水或有机溶剂或二者的混合液中反应制得；通常，使用非水介质如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈。
酸加成盐可以通过各种酸(无机酸和有机酸)制得。酸加成盐的实例包括由酸制成的盐，所述酸选自由乙酸、2，2-二氯乙酸、己二酸、藻酸、抗坏血酸(如L-抗坏血酸)、L-天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、丁酸、(+)樟脑酸、樟脑-磺酸、(+)-(1S)-樟脑-10-磺酸、癸酸、己酸、辛酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环拉酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1，2-二磺酸、乙烷磺酸、2-羟乙基磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、半乳糖酸、龙胆酸、葡庚糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸(如D-葡萄糖醛酸)、谷氨酸(如L-谷氨酸)、α-酮戊二酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、氢碘酸、羟乙磺酸、(+)-L-乳酸、(±)-DL-乳酸、乳糖酸、马来酸、苹果酸、(-)-L-苹果酸、丙二酸、(±)-DL-扁桃酸、甲基磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、萘-1，5-二磺酸、1-羟基-2-萘酸、烟酸、硝酸、油酸、乳清酸、草酸、棕榈酸、帕莫酸、磷酸、丙酸、L-焦谷氨酸、水杨酸、4-氨基-水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、丁二酸、硫酸、单宁酸、(+)-L-酒石酸、硫氰酸、p-甲苯磺酸、十一碳烯酸和戊酸，以及酰化氨基酸和阳离子交换树脂组成的组。
通过联合使用上述化合物中的至少两种，有望获得更佳的治疗或改善ADSL缺陷症的效果。
附图说明
图1是PAICS的三维彩带(solid ribbon)结构图；
图2是CAIR和SAICAR合成酶在晶体结构中的相互作用图，图中A：PDB access ID 2GQS；B：PDB access ID 2CNQ；C：PDB access ID 4FE2；
图3是不同种SAICAR合成酶蛋白序列对齐结果。
具体实施方式
人PAICS蛋白质序列全长425个氨基酸残基，其中2～260AA为SAICAR synthetase结构域，267-425为AIR carboxylase结构域，两结构域由6肽(KSESQC)连接。此外，SAICAR Synthetase结构域的GLN159～GLN183α螺旋和AIR carboxylase结构域的ASN395～ASN424α螺旋相互作用，紧密结合这一起，如图1所示。
在蛋白质结构数据库中(RCSB)，收录了不同来源的SAICAR synthetase晶体结构数据， 其中包括Saccharomyces cerevisiae(1A48，2CNQ，2CNV，2CNU，1OBD，1OBG)、Pyrococcushorikoshii OT3(3U54，3U55)、Escherichia coli(2GQR，2GQS)、Methanocaldococcusjannaschii(2YZL，2Z02)、Streptococcus pneumonia(4FGR，4FE2)、Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977/DSM 44196(3R9R)、Thermotoga maritime(1KUT)、Clostridium perfringens(3NUA)、Ehrlichiachaffeensis(3KRE)、Geobacilluskaustophilus(2YWV)。以及PAICS晶体结构数据Homo sapiens(2H31)和Bombyxmori(4JA0)。其中复合物中含有CAIR的结构有2GQS、2CNQ和4FE2，含有ASP的结构有2CNV、2CNU和4FE2。
如图2，在2CNQ中CAIR
Figure PCTCN2017115405-appb-000002
以内的残基Arg122、Ser128、ASP215、Arg242和Arg264；2GQS中CAIR
Figure PCTCN2017115405-appb-000003
以内的残基Arg94、Ser100、ASP129、ASP175、Arg199和Arg215；4FE2中CAIR 3埃以内的残基Arg93、Ser99、ASP174、Arg199、Arg214。对照不同物种来源的SAICAR蛋白序列对齐结果(图3)，可以看出不同物种SAICAR synthetase与CAIR的结合呈现高度保守性，主要以氢键作用固定CAIR。
基于以上结果，同时考虑到人的PAICS晶体结构中没有结合CAIR的构象，催化区域没有形成催化构象。进行计算筛选得到的结果不可靠。因此采用Saccharomyces cerevisiae(PDB：2CNQ)和Escherichia coli(PDB：2GQS)SAICAR合成酶晶体结构中的构象作为计算筛选的受体结构。采用Discovery studio的ligand fit模块，对DrugBank( http://www.drugbank.ca/downloads#structures)中的4661种小分子药物进行计算筛选。按对接得分排序，选取前500个构象，剔除重复后，得到的重点筛选结果，并通过动物实验确证化合物对SAICAR的蓄积抑制率如表1所示。
表1、计算筛选及SAICAR抑制率结果
Figure PCTCN2017115405-appb-000004
研究结果表明表中的化合物均可以有效与PAICS作用，影响SAICAR的合成，减少有毒代谢物的积累，有望开发为ADSL缺陷症治疗药物或保健品。
上述化合物药学上可接受的衍生物，具有与化合物本身相同的母核结构，在体内经过水解等作用，可以生成与原化合物具有相同或相近活性的分子，达到相同或相近的治疗效果。
化合物药学上可接受的衍生物，尤其指其简单衍生物，特别是其低级酯、低级醚、低级烷基取代物、药用盐、低级酰胺中的一种，即碳原子数在1～6，优选为2～6，2～4的羧酸、醇、胺与母化合物缩合得到的衍生物。
化合物药学上可接受的药用盐可以通过常规的化学方法从母体化合物合成，如在 Pharmaceutical Salts：Properties，Selection，and Use，P.Heinrich Stahl(Editor)，Camille G.Wermuth(Editor)，ISBN：3-90639-026-8，Hardcover，388pages，August 2002中描述的方法。一般来说，这些盐可以由化合物的游离碱和酸在水或有机溶剂或二者的混合液中反应制得；通常，使用非水介质如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈。
酸加成盐可以通过各种酸(无机酸和有机酸)制得。酸加成盐的实例包括由酸制成的盐，所述酸选自由乙酸、2，2-二氯乙酸、己二酸、藻酸、抗坏血酸(如L-抗坏血酸)、L-天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、丁酸、(+)樟脑酸、樟脑-磺酸、(+)-(1S)-樟脑-10-磺酸、癸酸、己酸、辛酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环拉酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1，2-二磺酸、乙烷磺酸、2-羟乙基磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、半乳糖酸、龙胆酸、葡庚糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸(如D-葡萄糖醛酸)、谷氨酸(如L-谷氨酸)、α-酮戊二酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、氢碘酸、羟乙磺酸、(+)-L-乳酸、(±)-DL-乳酸、乳糖酸、马来酸、苹果酸、(-)-L-苹果酸、丙二酸、(±)-DL-扁桃酸、甲基磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、萘-1，5-二磺酸、1-羟基-2-萘酸、烟酸、硝酸、油酸、乳清酸、草酸、棕榈酸、帕莫酸、磷酸、丙酸、L-焦谷氨酸、水杨酸、4-氨基-水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、丁二酸、硫酸、单宁酸、(+)-L-酒石酸、硫氰酸、p-甲苯磺酸、十一碳烯酸和戊酸，以及酰化氨基酸和阳离子交换树脂组成的组。
组合用药在一定程度上可以提高疗效，减少毒副作用。优选的，双硫仑及其药学上可接受的衍生物及其他对ADSL缺陷症有治疗作用的药物、物质一起作为治疗ADSL缺陷症的活性成分。

Claims (10)

  1. 双硫仑及其药学上可接受的衍生物在制备SAICAR合成酶活性干扰剂或抑制剂中的应用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于：SAICAR合成酶为PAICS。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于：化合物药学上可接受的衍生物为其简单衍生物。
  4. 双硫仑及其药学上可接受的衍生物在制备ADSL缺陷症治疗或缓解药物或保健品中的应用。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于：化合物药学上可接受的衍生物为其简单衍生物。
  6. 一种治疗或缓解ADSL缺陷症的组合物，其特征在于：其活性成分包括DrugBank ID为DB00822的化合物。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的组合物，其特征在于：化合物药学上可接受的衍生物为其简单衍生物。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的组合物，其特征在于：组合物还包括药学或食品上可接受的辅料。
  9. 治疗或缓解ADSL缺陷症的方法，包括给予患者治疗量的双硫仑及其药学上可接受的衍生物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：化合物药学上可接受的衍生物为其简单衍生物。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4678809A (en) * 1985-02-01 1987-07-07 Michael Phillips Injectable fomulations of disulfiram for the treatment of alcoholism
US5373021A (en) * 1991-11-04 1994-12-13 Cypros Pharmaceutical Corporation Use of disulfiram for Neuronal Protection
WO2011097218A1 (en) * 2010-02-02 2011-08-11 Wayne State University Anti-cancer therapeutic agents
CN103221040A (zh) * 2010-12-09 2013-07-24 沈阳药科大学 双硫仑制剂及用途
CN104146978A (zh) * 2013-05-13 2014-11-19 沈阳药科大学 一种双硫仑肠溶片剂及其制备方法

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US4678809A (en) * 1985-02-01 1987-07-07 Michael Phillips Injectable fomulations of disulfiram for the treatment of alcoholism
US5373021A (en) * 1991-11-04 1994-12-13 Cypros Pharmaceutical Corporation Use of disulfiram for Neuronal Protection
WO2011097218A1 (en) * 2010-02-02 2011-08-11 Wayne State University Anti-cancer therapeutic agents
CN103221040A (zh) * 2010-12-09 2013-07-24 沈阳药科大学 双硫仑制剂及用途
CN104146978A (zh) * 2013-05-13 2014-11-19 沈阳药科大学 一种双硫仑肠溶片剂及其制备方法

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