WO2019104456A1 - 复用模式下含d2d通信的das中功率分配方法及装置 - Google Patents

复用模式下含d2d通信的das中功率分配方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2019104456A1
WO2019104456A1 PCT/CN2017/113262 CN2017113262W WO2019104456A1 WO 2019104456 A1 WO2019104456 A1 WO 2019104456A1 CN 2017113262 W CN2017113262 W CN 2017113262W WO 2019104456 A1 WO2019104456 A1 WO 2019104456A1
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user
communication
optimal
transmit power
power
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PCT/CN2017/113262
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French (fr)
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何春龙
李兴泉
张策
田楚
陈前
刘颖
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深圳大学
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/04Wireless resource allocation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of base station communication, and in particular relates to a method and a device for power allocation in a DAS with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode.
  • DAS Distributed Antenna Systems
  • D2D communication Another way of device to device (D2D) communication is also an effective means to improve user communication quality and reduce energy consumption.
  • D2D communication is the direct communication between two devices without the help of the base station. This advantage can effectively reduce the load of the base station, and can also greatly improve the communication quality between short-distance users and improve the energy efficiency of the system.
  • D2D communication is concentrated in CAS.
  • a large number of studies have shown that D2D communication in CAS can effectively improve the capacity of communication cells and improve the energy efficiency of communication communities.
  • few studies have been conducted. Consider the case of combining DAS and D2D communication.
  • the invention provides a power distribution method and device for DAS with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, It is intended to add D2D communication to the DAS, and the D2D user multiplexes the channels of the cellular users for communication, combining the advantages of both to improve the communication quality of the communication cell and reduce the energy consumption of the cell.
  • the present invention provides a power allocation method in a DAS with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, the power allocation method being suitable for optimal power allocation when maximizing spectral efficiency SE, the DAS comprising n remote access units RAU And n said RAUs are distributed in the communication cell, wherein RAU1 is located at a center of the communication cell, and the remaining n-1 RAUs are connected to the RAU1 and uniformly distributed in the communication cell, the communication
  • the cell includes a cell user UE1 and a pair of D2D users UE2 and UE3, and 1 communicates with the D2D user to multiplex the channel of the cellular user, and the power allocation method includes:
  • a convex set formed by a constraint condition indicating an optimal transmit power when a cell user and a D2D user maximize SE;
  • Step S102 calculating, according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm, corresponding to the i-th iteration
  • Step S104 if versus If the 2 norm of the difference is less than ⁇ , then That is the optimal power, and end the iterative operation; otherwise, return to step S102;
  • the present invention also provides a DAS medium power allocation apparatus for D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, the power allocation method being suitable for optimal power allocation when maximizing spectral efficiency SE, the DAS comprising n remote access units RAU, n of the RAUs are distributed in a communication cell, wherein RAU1 is located at a center of the communication cell, and the remaining n-1 RAUs are connected to the RAU1 and uniformly distributed in the communication cell,
  • the communication cell includes one cellular user UE1 and one pair of D2D users UE2 and UE3, and 1 communicates with the D2D user to multiplex the channel of the cellular user, and the power distribution device includes:
  • a convex set formed by a constraint condition indicating an optimal transmit power when a cell user and a D2D user maximize SE;
  • a calculation module configured to calculate an i-th iteration corresponding to the formula of the CCCP algorithm
  • An iterative module for making i i+1 and calculating the corresponding i+1th iteration according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm
  • Optimal power acquisition module for versus When the difference between the two norms is less than ⁇ , it is judged That is, the optimal power, and end the iterative operation; otherwise, return to the calculation module;
  • the present invention also provides a DAS medium power allocation method for D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, the power allocation method being suitable for optimal power allocation when maximizing energy efficiency EE, the DAS comprising n remote access units RAU, n of the RAUs are distributed in a communication cell, wherein RAU1 is located at a center of the communication cell, and the remaining n-1 RAUs are connected to the RAU1 and uniformly distributed in the communication cell,
  • the communication cell includes one cellular user UE1 and one pair of D2D users UE2 and UE3, and the power allocation method includes:
  • a convex set consisting of constraints imposed by the cellular subscriber and the D2D subscriber to maximize the transmit power at the EE;
  • Step S202 calculating a corresponding t-th iteration according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm
  • Step S204 the calculated Calculated in the energy efficiency EE d2d of the system after adding D2D communication
  • Step S205 if the converted optimization function when maximizing EE is satisfied The absolute value is less than ⁇ , then That is the optimal power, and end the iterative operation; otherwise, return to step S202;
  • the present invention also provides a DAS medium power distribution apparatus for D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, the power allocation method being suitable for optimal power allocation when maximizing energy efficiency EE, the DAS comprising n remote access units RAU, n of the RAUs are distributed in a communication cell, wherein RAU1 is located at a center of the communication cell, and the remaining n-1 RAUs are connected to the RAU1 and uniformly distributed in the communication cell,
  • the communication cell includes one cellular user UE1 and one pair of D2D users UE2 and UE3, and the power allocation method includes:
  • a convex set consisting of constraints imposed by the cellular subscriber and the D2D subscriber to maximize the transmit power at the EE;
  • a first calculating module configured to calculate a corresponding t-th iteration according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm
  • An iterative module for making t t+1, and calculating the corresponding t+1th iteration according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm
  • a second calculation module for calculating the calculated Calculated in the energy efficiency EE d2d of the system after adding D2D communication
  • Optimal power acquisition module for post-conversion optimization when maximizing EE
  • the absolute value is less than ⁇ , it is judged That is, the optimal power, and end the iterative operation; otherwise, return to the first calculation module;
  • the present invention has the beneficial effects that the present invention provides a method and a device for allocating power in a DAS with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, and specifically provides a method for maximizing spectral efficiency and maximizing energy efficiency.
  • Optimal power allocation method the power allocation method is compared with the prior art,
  • the system frequency utilization is improved in the multiplexing mode, that is, the D2D user multiplexes the cellular user frequency, and the advantages of both are fully utilized, which can greatly improve the communication quality of the communication cell. Reducing the energy consumption of the cell is a great help to save energy and improve the quality of user communication.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a model of a distributed antenna system DAS provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for allocating power in a DAS with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a power distribution apparatus in a DAS including D2D communication in a multiplexing mode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a power allocation method in a DAS including D2D communication in a multiplexing mode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a power distribution device in a DAS with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a curve of an average SE as a function of maximum transmit power in different power allocation algorithms according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a curve of an average EE according to an embodiment of the present invention as a function of maximum transmit power in different power allocation algorithms.
  • the present invention provides a power allocation method for DAS in D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, wherein the model of the DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems) is shown in FIG.
  • a single cell is considered in the present invention, where the DAS includes n remote access units (RAUs), and the n RAUs are distributed in a communication cell, where RAU1 is located in the communication cell.
  • Center which can be regarded as a central processing unit, the remaining n-1 RAUs are connected to the RAU1 through optical fibers and evenly distributed in the communication cell, and all RAUs are low-power single-antenna base stations (Base Station, BS).
  • the communication cell includes one cellular user UE1 (User Equipment, UE1) and one pair of D2D users UE2 and UE3.
  • the D2D user multiplexes the cellular user's channel for communication, and the channel information is known to both ends of the communication.
  • the bandwidth of the system is set to 1, then the transmission rate of the cellular user is:
  • p n,1 represents the transmit power of the nth RAU to UE1
  • h n,1 represents the transport channel between the two.
  • p d represents the transmit power of the sender UE2 in the D2D pair
  • h 2,1 represents the transport channel between the sender UE2 and the cellular user UE1 in the D2D pair.
  • the transmission rate of a D2D pair can be expressed as:
  • h 2,3 represent the transmission channel between two users in the D2D pair, Representing the complex Gaussian white noise power of the D2D user
  • h n,3 represents the transmission channel between the nth RAU to the receiver UE3 of the D2D pair.
  • the fading channel contains a small scale and a large-scale fading, which can be expressed as:
  • g n,1 represents small-scale fading between different RAUs to UE1, which can be reduced to independent and identically distributed complex Gaussian random variables.
  • w n,1 represents a large-scale fading independent of g n,1 , which can be expressed as:
  • c is the average path gain when the reference distance is 1 km.
  • d n,1 represents the distance between the RAU and UE1.
  • is the path fading factor and usually takes the range [3, 5].
  • s n,1 is the fading variable of the lognormal distribution, ie 10log 10 s n, the mean of 1 is 0, and the standard deviation is ⁇ sh .
  • the maximizing SE should satisfy the minimum SE and D2D requirements of the system minimum SE, and the maximum transmit power limit of the cellular user and the D2D user.
  • the problem can be described as:
  • the D2D pair communicates by multiplexing the frequencies of the cellular users, so the problem of maximizing the system SE can be summarized as equation (5).
  • equation (5) we can see that this problem cannot be solved directly. Therefore, we transform the problem into a special D.C. (difference of convex functions) optimization problem by adjusting its form; then, we can use the efficient optimization algorithm based on D.C. planning to solve.
  • D.C. difference of convex functions
  • the problem (11) can be solved by the DCA (D.C. algorithm) simplified algorithm CCCP (concave convex procedure) algorithm, which mainly uses the MM (majorization minimization) method D.C. to iterate a part of the convexity of the object function.
  • DCA D.C. algorithm
  • CCCP concave convex procedure
  • the power allocation method is suitable for optimal power allocation when maximizing spectral efficiency SE, as shown in FIG. 2, including:
  • a convex set formed by a constraint condition indicating an optimal transmit power when a cell user and a D2D user maximize SE;
  • Step S102 calculating, according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm, corresponding to the i-th iteration
  • the above formula (12) is a formula of the CCCP algorithm, wherein Indicates the transmit power of cellular users and D2D users, A convex set consisting of constraints on the optimal transmit power at the maximum SE of the cellular user and the D2D user.
  • the step S102 includes:
  • Step S104 if versus If the 2 norm of the difference is less than ⁇ , then That is the optimal power, and end the iterative operation; otherwise, return to step S102;
  • step S102 if Then, returning to step S102 for iterative calculation until it is satisfied versus When the difference between the 2 norms is less than ⁇ , the iterative operation ends.
  • the present invention provides a DAS medium power allocation apparatus for D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, the power distribution apparatus being suitable for optimal power allocation when maximizing spectral efficiency SE, as shown in FIG. 3, comprising:
  • a convex set formed by a constraint condition indicating an optimal transmit power when a cell user and a D2D user maximize SE;
  • the calculating module 302 is configured to calculate, according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm, corresponding to the ith iteration
  • the total power consumption of the system P total consists of three parts, which can be expressed as:
  • represents the efficiency of the radio frequency power amplifier
  • the total transmission power P of the system is expressed as:
  • R total is expressed as equation (5), and transmission power is represented as P d2d ; when they use conventional cellular communication, transmission power is expressed as P cellular .
  • the optimization problem can be described as:
  • P 2 [P c ,p d ] represents the optimization variable
  • EE d2d represents the energy efficiency of the system after adding D2D communication.
  • equation (18) is still a non-convex optimization problem, we can convert it into a D.C. structure optimization problem; the object function can be transformed into the following form:
  • the convex and concave parts of the object function can be expressed as:
  • a method for power allocation in a DAS with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode includes:
  • a convex set consisting of constraints imposed by the cellular subscriber and the D2D subscriber to maximize the transmit power at the EE;
  • Step S202 calculating a corresponding t-th iteration according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm
  • the above formula (22) is a CCCP algorithm, wherein Indicates the transmit power of cellular users and D2D users, A convex set of constraints that represent the optimal transmit power of a cellular user and a D2D user when maximizing EE.
  • the step S202 includes:
  • Step S204 the calculated Calculated in the energy efficiency EE d2d of the system after adding D2D communication
  • Step S205 if the converted optimization function when maximizing EE is satisfied The absolute value is less than ⁇ , then That is the optimal power, and end the iterative operation; otherwise, return to step S202;
  • step S202 it returns to step S202 to perform iterative calculation until it is satisfied.
  • the iterative operation is ended; in addition, the expression regarding the converted optimization function h 1 is given in the foregoing analysis, and can be calculated according to the expression given in the foregoing analysis.
  • the invention provides a DAS medium power distribution device with D2D communication in a multiplexing mode,
  • the power distribution device is suitable for optimal power allocation when maximizing energy efficiency EE, as shown in FIG. 5, including:
  • An initialization module 401 for initializing parameters And the number of iterations t 0 in the CCCP algorithm, and initialize the transmit power of the cellular user and the D2D user.
  • a convex set consisting of constraints imposed by the cellular subscriber and the D2D subscriber to maximize the transmit power at the EE;
  • a first calculating module 402 configured to calculate, according to the formula of the CCCP algorithm, a corresponding t-th iteration
  • a second calculation module 404 configured to calculate the Calculated in the energy efficiency EE d2d of the system after adding D2D communication
  • An optimal power acquisition module 405 for converting the optimized function when maximizing EE is satisfied When the absolute value is less than ⁇ , it is judged That is, the optimal power, and end the iterative operation; otherwise, return to the first calculation module;
  • the maximum transmit power is 30 dBm
  • the result of maximizing SE in the DAS with D2D communication added is nearly 25% higher than the average SE obtained by the single DAS under the same algorithm; and, when the maximum transmit power becomes larger, the single DAS
  • the average SE growth has gradually slowed down, and the average SE growth of DASs containing D2D communication is still very fast, which is a good indication that adding D2D to large DAS can effectively improve the communication cell SE.
  • the maximum transmit power is 15 dBm
  • the result of maximizing EE in the DAS with D2D communication added is nearly 18% higher than the average EE obtained by the single DAS under the same algorithm.
  • the average EE begins to drop, but it is still higher than a single DAS.
  • the invention provides a power allocation method and device for DAS in D2D communication in a multiplexing mode, considering D2D communication in DAS, multiplexing frequency of cellular users in D2D user communication, and improving system frequency utilization in multiplexing mode
  • the SE and EE of the system are analyzed, and the average SE and EE under the system are maximized respectively.
  • the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is verified by experiments.
  • the combination of D2D communication and DAS can fully exploit the advantages of both.
  • the communication quality of the communication cell can be greatly improved and the energy consumption of the cell can be reduced, which is greatly helpful for saving energy and improving the communication quality of the user.
  • the allocation method provided by the present invention can be applied in 5G communication.

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Abstract

本发明适用于基站通信技术领域,提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,其中,适用于最大化SE时的最优功率分配方法为:先初始化,然后根据CCCP算法的公式计算第i次迭代对应的P1 (i);令i=i+1,计算第i+1次迭代对应的P1 (i+1);如果P1 (i+1)与P1 (i)之间差值的2范数小于ξ,则P1 (i+1)即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;适用于最大化EE时的最优功率分配的方法为:先初始化根据CCCP算法的公式计算第t次迭代对应的P2 (t);令t=t+1,计算第t+1次迭代对应的P2 (t+1);将计算出的P2 (t+1)带入添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率EEd2d中计算ω1 (t+1);如果满足最大化EE时的转化后的优化函数h1(P2 (t+1), ω1 (t+1))的绝对值小于ξ,则P2 (i+1)即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;本发明提供的方法提高了通信小区的通信质量并降低了能量消耗。

Description

复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法及装置 技术领域
本发明属于基站通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法及装置。
背景技术
随着数据时代的快速发展,通信速率和能耗的快速增长成为现代无线通信网络面临的巨大挑战。由于集中式天线系统(Co-located Antenna Systems,CAS)存在的天然缺陷,为了满足不断增长的业务需求,研究人员提出了分布式天线系统(Distributed Antenna Systems,DAS)。它成为了提高通信系统带宽,满足用户通信质量和降低通信中能耗的一种有效手段。DAS不同于传统CAS,它的所有基站天线都是分散在整个小区之中,正因为如此,它可以有效地减小基站与用户之间的距离,从而减小通信时信号的大规模衰落,显著地提高通信小区的吞吐量,减少同等条件下通信所需的能耗。
另一种设备间(Device to Device,D2D)通信的方式也是提高用户通信质量降低能耗的有效手段。D2D通信即是两个设备之间不必通过基站的帮助而直接通信,这一优点可以有效降低基站的负载,同时也可以极大地提高短距离用户之间的通信质量,提高系统的能量效率。
大多数关于D2D通信的研究都是集中在CAS之中,大量研究表明,在CAS中进行D2D通信可以有效地提高通信小区的容量,提高通信小区的能量效率;但是在研究当中,很少有研究考虑将DAS和D2D通信相结合的情况。
发明内容
本发明提供一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法及装置, 旨在将D2D通信添加到DAS当中,并且D2D用户复用蜂窝用户的信道进行通信,将两者的优点相结合来提高通信小区的通信质量并降低小区的能量消耗。
本发明提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化频谱效率SE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,1对所述D2D用户复用所述蜂窝用户的信道进行通信,所述功率分配方法包括:
步骤S101,初始化CCCP算法中的迭代次数i=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000001
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000003
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
步骤S102,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000004
步骤S103,令i=i+1,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000005
步骤S104,如果
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000007
之间差值的2范数小于ξ,则
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000008
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回步骤S102;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
本发明还提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化频谱效率SE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,1对所述D2D用户复用所述蜂窝用户的信道进行通信,所述功率分配装置包括:
初始化模块,用于初始化CCCP算法中的迭代次数i=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000009
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000011
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
计算模块,用于根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000012
迭代模块,用于令i=i+1,并根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000013
最优功率获取模块,用于在
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000015
之间差值的2范数小于ξ时,判断出
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000016
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回所述计算模块;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
本发明还提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化能量效率EE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,所述功率分配方法包括:
步骤S201,初始化参数
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000017
和CCCP算法中的迭代次数t=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000018
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000020
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
步骤S202,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000021
步骤S203,令t=t+1,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000022
步骤S204,将计算出的所述
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000023
带入添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率EEd2d中计算
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000024
步骤S205,如果满足最大化EE时的转化后的优化函数
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000025
的绝对值小于ξ,则
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000026
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回步骤S202;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
本发明还提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化能量效率EE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,所述功率分配方法包括:
初始化模块,用于初始化参数
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000027
和CCCP算法中的迭代次数t=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000028
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000030
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
第一计算模块,用于根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000031
迭代模块,用于令t=t+1,并根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000032
第二计算模块,用于将计算出的所述
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000033
带入添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率EEd2d中计算
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000034
最优功率获取模块,用于在满足最大化EE时的转化后的优化
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000035
的绝对值小于ξ时,判断出
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000036
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回所述第一计算模块;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
本发明与现有技术相比,有益效果在于:本发明提供了的一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法及装置,具体提供了适用于最大化频谱效率和最大化能量效率时的最优功率分配方法,该功率分配方法与现有技术相比, 通过将D2D通信与DAS相结合,在复用模式下,即通过D2D用户复用蜂窝用户频率来提高系统频率利用率,充分发挥了两者的优点,可以极大的提高通信小区的通信质量并降低小区的能量消耗,这对于节省能量和提高用户通信质量有很大的帮助。
附图说明
图1是现有技术提供的分布式天线系统DAS的模型示意图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法的流程示意图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置的模块示意图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法的流程示意图;
图5是本发明实施例提供的复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置的模块示意图;
图6是本发明实施例提供的平均SE在不同功率分配算法中随着最大发射功率的变化而变化的曲线示意图;
图7是本发明实施例提供的平均EE在不同功率分配算法中随着最大发射功率的变化而变化的曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,其中,所述DAS(Distributed Antenna Systems,分布式天线系统)的模型如图1所示, 具体地,本发明中考虑单个小区,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU(Remote Access Units,RAUs),n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,其可以看作一个中央处理单元,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1通过光纤相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所有的RAUs都是低功耗的单天线基站(Base Station,BS)。所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1(User Equipment,UE1)和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3。
我们假设D2D用户复用蜂窝用户的信道进行通信,并且信道信息对于通信两端都是已知的。系统的带宽设定为1,则蜂窝用户的传输速率为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000037
其中,pn,1表示第n个RAU到UE1的发射功率,hn,1表示两者之间的传输信道,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000038
表示蜂窝用户的复高斯白噪声功率,pd表示D2D对中发送者UE2的发射功率,h2,1表示D2D对中发送者UE2与蜂窝用户UE1之间的传输信道。
类似地,D2D对的传输速率可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000039
其中,h2,3表示D2D对中两用户之间的传输信道,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000040
表示D2D用户的复高斯白噪声功率,hn,3表示第n个RAU到D2D对的接收者UE3之间的传输信道。衰落信道包含一个小规模和一个大规模衰落,可以表示为:
hn,1=gn,1wn,1                   (3)
其中,gn,1表示不同RAU到UE1之间的小规模衰落,可以归结为独立同分布的复高斯随机变量。wn,1表示独立于gn,1的大规模衰落,它可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000041
其中,c是参考距离为1km时的平均路径增益。dn,1表示RAU和UE1之间的距离。α是路径衰落因子,通常取值范围为[3,5]。sn,1是对数正态分布的衰落变量,即10log10sn,1的均值为0,标准差为σsh
下面具体从最大化系统SE(Spectral Efficiency,频谱效率)和最大化系统EE(Energy Efficiency,能量效率)的功率优化两个方面来介绍:
关于复用模式下添加D2D通信的DAS的最大化SE时的最优功率分配:
考虑添加D2D通信的DAS中最大化SE下的最优功率分配,最大化SE应满足系统最小SE和D2D对最小SE的要求,蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大发射功率限定。问题可以描述为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000042
其中,Pc={pn,1,n=1,2,...,N},
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000043
分别表示UE1和D2D对中发送者UE2的最大发射功率。
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000044
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最小传输速率。
在复用模式下,D2D对通过复用蜂窝用户的频率来进行通信,因此最大化系统SE的问题可以总结为式(5)。我们可以发现,该问题并不能直接求解。因此我们通过对其形式的调整,把该问题转化成一个特殊的D.C.(difference of convex functions)结构的优化问题;然后,我们可以利用基于D.C.规划的高效优化算法进行求解。
定义P1=[Pc,pd],f(P1)作为优化变量和对象函数,可以将式(5)转化为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000045
其中:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000047
从式(7)和(8)之中可以看出,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000048
都是严格的凸函数和凹函数,其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000049
代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凸函数,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000050
代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凹函数。另外,定义
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000051
为由式(5)中的限制条件构成的集合,由于其中的第一和第三个限制条件并不是线性的,我们可以将其转化为如下线性条件:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000052
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000053
由此可知,集合
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000054
为凸集。
通过以上的讨论,问题(5)可以转化为以下的优化问题:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000055
问题(11)可以利用DCA(D.C.algorithm)的简化算法CCCP(concave convex procedure)算法来进行求解,该算法主要使用MM(majorization minimization)方法D.C.对对象函数的凸的一部分进行迭代。
我们可知(11)式的凹函数部分存在偏导,因此,我们可以通过一阶泰勒展开
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000056
得到如下迭代表达式:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000057
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000058
表示P1的转置,i是迭代次数,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000059
表示
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000060
在点
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000061
处的梯度。通过以上分析我们可以总结出添加D2D通信的DAS中最大化SE时的最优功率算法如下:
关于一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化频谱效率SE时的最优功率分配,如图2所示,包括:
步骤S101,初始化CCCP算法中的迭代次数i=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000062
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000063
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000064
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
步骤S102,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000065
具体地,上述(12)式即为CCCP算法的公式,其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000066
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000067
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集。
具体地,所述步骤S102包括:
S1021,使用拟牛顿法得到所述CCCP算法的公式对应的最优功率分配的搜索方向,并通过线性回馈搜索Armijo规则得到搜索的每一步的最优步长;
S1022,结合所述搜索方向和所述最优步长并结合内点法对所述CCCP算法的公式进行求解,得到第i次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000068
步骤S103,令i=i+1,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000069
步骤S104,如果
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000070
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000071
之间差值的2范数小于ξ,则
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000072
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回步骤S102;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
具体地,若
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000073
则继续返回步骤S102进行迭代计算,直至满足
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000074
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000075
之间差值的2范数小于ξ时,结束迭代操作。
本发明提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置,所述功率分配装置适用于最大化频谱效率SE时的最优功率分配,如图3所示,包括:
初始化模块301,用于初始化CCCP算法中的迭代次数i=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000076
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000077
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000078
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
计算模块302,用于根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000079
迭代模块303,用于令i=i+1,并根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000080
最优功率获取模块304,用于在
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000081
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000082
之间差值的2范数小于ξ时,判断出
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000083
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回所述计算模块;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
关于EE模型:
根据已有的研究,系统的总功率消耗Ptotal由三个部分组成,可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000084
其中,τ表示射频功率放大器的效率,φ表示系统中发射数据用户的数量,当UE2和UE3作为D2D对通信时,φ=N+1;当它们使用传统蜂窝通信时,φ=N,Pdy和Pst分别表示动态的和静态的功率损耗,P0表示光纤传输所消耗功率;在加入D2D通信之后,系统的总传输功率P表示为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000085
当D2D用户UE2和UE3传统的通信方式时系统的总传输功率P表示为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000086
由以上分析可以得到EE模型的表达方式如下:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000087
当UE2和UE3通信采用D2D通信时,Rtotal表示为式(5),传输功率表示为Pd2d;当他们使用传统蜂窝通信时,传输功率表示为Pcellular
关于复用模式下添加D2D通信的DAS的最大化EE时的最优功率分配:
考虑添加D2D通信的下行DAS中最大化EE时的最优功率分配问题,应满足UE1和UE2(D2D对中的发送端)最小传输速率和最大发射功率要求,优化问题可以描述为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000088
其中,P2=[Pc,pd]表示优化变量,EEd2d代表添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率。
由于(17)是一个非凹非线性优化问题,我们无法采用传统的优化方法直接求得最优解,所以通过利用分式规划的相关理论将该优化问题转化为一个减法形式的优化问题:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000089
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000090
根据已的相关研究表明,对于问题(17)总会存在一个等价减法形式的优化问题(18),我们通过以下定理来表明式(17)和(18)之间的等价关系。
(定理)定义
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000091
当且仅当
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000092
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000093
时的最优功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000094
可以使(17)式中的EE达到最大。
因此,根据以上定理,我们可以集中于求解其等价问题来得到最优的功率 分配,但式(18)仍然是一个非凸的优化问题,我们可以通过将其转化为一个D.C.结构的优化问题;对象函数可以转化成如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000095
其中,对象函数的凸和凹部分可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000096
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000097
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000098
代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凹函数,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000099
代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凸函数,定义
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000100
为式(19)中约束条件构成的集合,很容易可以看出
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000101
是一个凸集。上面的凸部
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000102
也同样存在偏导,所以我们可以利用CCCP算法得到其迭代公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000103
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000104
是P2的转置,t是迭代次数,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000105
表示
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000106
在点
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000107
处的梯度。
通过以上分析我们可以总结出添加D2D通信的DAS中最大化EE时的最优功率算法如下:
关于一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,如图4所示,包括:
步骤S201,初始化参数
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000108
和CCCP算法中的迭代次数t=0,并初始 化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000109
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000110
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000111
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
步骤S202,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000112
具体地,上述(22)式为CCCP算法,其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000113
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000114
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集。
具体地,所述步骤S202包括:
S2021,使用拟牛顿法得到所述CCCP算法的公式对应的最优功率分配的搜索方向,并通过线性回馈搜索Armijo规则得到搜索的每一步的最优步长;
S2022,结合所述搜索方向和所述最优步长并结合内点法对所述CCCP算法的公式进行求解,得到第t次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000115
步骤S203,令t=t+1,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000116
步骤S204,将计算出的所述
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000117
带入添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率EEd2d中计算
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000118
具体地,利用等式
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000119
计算出
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000120
而EEd2d的表达式前述分析中有给出,可根据前述分析中给出的表达式计算。
步骤S205,如果满足最大化EE时的转化后的优化函数
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000121
的绝对值小于ξ,则
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000122
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回步骤S202;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
具体地,若
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000123
则继续返回步骤S202进行迭代计算,直至满足
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000124
时,结束迭代操作;另外,关于转化后的优化函数h1的表达式前述分析中有给出,可根据前述分析中给出的表达式计算。
本发明提供了一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置,所述 功率分配装置适用于最大化能量效率EE时的最优功率分配,如图5所示,包括:
初始化模块401,用于初始化参数
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000125
和CCCP算法中的迭代次数t=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000126
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000127
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000128
表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
第一计算模块402,用于根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000129
迭代模块403,用于令t=t+1,并根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t+1次迭代对应的
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000130
第二计算模块404,用于将计算出的所述
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000131
带入添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率EEd2d中计算
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000132
最优功率获取模块405,用于在满足最大化EE时的转化后的优化函数
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000133
的绝对值小于ξ时,判断出
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000134
即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回所述第一计算模块;
其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
本发明实施例通过仿真实验验证了算法的有效性,同时也表明了D2D通信和DAS相结合可以极大地提高通信小区的SE和EE,具体仿真参数如下表:
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000135
Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-000136
图6中显示了平均SE随着最大发射功率的变化而出现的变化,很容易地看出添加D2D通信的DAS中的平均SE比单一的DAS要好很多。
例如,当最大发射功率为30dBm时,在添加D2D通信的DAS中最大化SE得到的结果比相同算法下单一DAS得到的平均SE提高将近25%;而且,当最大发射功率变大时单一DAS的平均SE的增长逐渐缓慢了下来,而包含D2D通信的DAS的平均SE增长仍然很快,这很好地表明了大DAS中加入D2D可以有效地提高通信小区SE。
图7中显示了平均EE随着最大发射功率的变化而出现的变化,该图表明添加D2D通信的DAS中的平均EE比单一的DAS提高了很多。
例如,当最大发射功率为15dBm时,在添加D2D通信的DAS中采用最大化EE得到的结果比相同算法下单一DAS得到的平均EE提高将近18%。在添加D2D通信的DAS中,随着最大发射功率增大,平均EE开始下降,但它仍然高于单一的DAS。
从图6和图7中可以得出,在DAS中添加D2D通信后,系统的平均SE和EE都要好于单一的DAS,这表明将D2D通信加入到DAS中是提高通信小区的SE和EE有效手段。
本发明提供的一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法及装置,在DAS中考虑D2D通信,D2D用户通信时复用蜂窝用户的频率,提高系统频率利用率,在复用模式下分析系统的SE和EE,并分别求得最大化该系统下的平均SE和EE,同时实验验证了理论分析的有效性;同时,将D2D通信与DAS相结合,能够充分发挥两者的优点,并可以极大的提高通信小区的通信质量并降低小区的能量消耗,这对于节省能量和提高用户通信质量有很大的帮助,本发明提供的分配方法可以应用在5G通信之中。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化频谱效率SE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,1对所述D2D用户复用所述蜂窝用户的信道进行通信,所述功率分配方法包括:
    步骤S101,初始化CCCP算法中的迭代次数i=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100001
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100002
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
    步骤S102,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100003
    步骤S103,令i=i+1,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i+1次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100004
    步骤S104,如果
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100006
    之间差值的2范数小于ξ,则
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100007
    即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回步骤S102;
    其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的DAS中功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述CCCP算法的公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100008
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100009
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率,i是迭代次数,P1=[Pc,pd],Pc={pn,1,n=1,2,…,N},pn,1表示第n个RAU到UE1的发射功率,pd表示D2D对中发送者UE2的最大发射功率,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100010
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100011
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的 最大化SE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凹函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100012
    表示
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100013
    在点
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100014
    处的梯度,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100015
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凸函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100016
    表示P1的转置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的DAS中功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S102具体包括:
    S1021,使用拟牛顿法得到所述CCCP算法的公式对应的最优功率分配的搜索方向,并通过线性回馈搜索Armijo规则得到搜索的每一步的最优步长;
    S1022,结合所述搜索方向和所述最优步长并结合内点法对所述CCCP算法的公式进行求解,得到第i次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100017
  4. 一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置,其特征在于,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化频谱效率SE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,1对所述D2D用户复用所述蜂窝用户的信道进行通信,所述功率分配装置包括:
    初始化模块,用于初始化CCCP算法中的迭代次数i=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100018
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100019
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
    计算模块,用于根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100020
    迭代模块,用于令i=i+1,并根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第i+1次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100021
    最优功率获取模块,用于在
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100022
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100023
    之间差值的2范数小于ξ时,判断出
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100024
    即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回所述计算模块;
    其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的DAS中功率分配装置,其特征在于,所述CCCP算法的公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100025
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100026
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率,i是迭代次数,P1=[Pc,pd],Pc={pn,1,n=1,2,…,N},pn,1表示第n个RAU到UE1的发射功率,pd表示D2D对中发送者UE2的最大发射功率,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100027
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100028
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凹函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100029
    表示
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100030
    在点
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100031
    处的梯度,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100032
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化SE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凸函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100033
    表示P1的转置。
  6. 一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化能量效率EE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,所述功率分配方法包括:
    步骤S201,初始化参数
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100034
    和CCCP算法中的迭代次数t=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100035
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100036
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
    步骤S202,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100037
    步骤S203,令t=t+1,根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t+1次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100038
    步骤S204,将计算出的所述
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100039
    带入添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率EEd2d中计算
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100040
    步骤S205,如果满足最大化EE时的转化后的优化函数
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100041
    的绝对值小于ξ,则
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100042
    即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回步骤S202;
    其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的DAS中功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述CCCP算法的公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100043
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100044
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率,t是迭代次数,P2=[Pc,pd]表示优化变量,Pc={pn,1,n=1,2,…,N},pn,1表示第n个RAU到UE1的发射功率,pd表示D2D对中发送者UE2的最大发射功率,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100045
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100046
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凹函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100047
    表示
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100048
    在点
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100049
    处的梯度,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100050
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凸函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100051
    表示P2的转置。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的DAS中功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S202具体包括:
    S2021,使用拟牛顿法得到所述CCCP算法的公式对应的最优功率分配的搜索方向,并通过线性回馈搜索Armijo规则得到搜索的每一步的最优步长;
    S2022,结合所述搜索方向和所述最优步长并结合内点法对所述CCCP算法的公式进行求解,得到第t次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100052
  9. 一种复用模式下含D2D通信的DAS中功率分配装置,其特征在于,所述功率分配方法适用于最大化能量效率EE时的最优功率分配,所述DAS包括n个远程接入单元RAU,n个所述RAU分布于通信小区之中,其中,RAU1位于所述通信小区的中心,剩余的n-1个RAU与所述RAU1相连并均匀分布于所 述通信小区之中,所述通信小区中包括1个蜂窝用户UE1和1对D2D用户UE2和UE3,所述功率分配方法包括:
    初始化模块,用于初始化参数
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100053
    和CCCP算法中的迭代次数t=0,并初始化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100054
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100055
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集;
    第一计算模块,用于根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100056
    迭代模块,用于令t=t+1,并根据所述CCCP算法的公式计算第t+1次迭代对应的
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100057
    第二计算模块,用于将计算出的所述
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100058
    带入添加D2D通信后系统的能量效率EEd2d中计算
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100059
    最优功率获取模块,用于在满足最大化EE时的转化后的优化
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100060
    的绝对值小于ξ时,判断出
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100061
    即为最优功率,并结束迭代操作;否则,返回所述第一计算模块;
    其中,ξ表示一个很小的正的误差参数。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的DAS中功率分配装置,其特征在于,所述CCCP算法的公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100062
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100063
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率,t是迭代次数,P2=[Pc,pd]表示优化变量,Pc={pn,1,n=1,2,…,N},pn,1表示第n个RAU到UE1的发射功率,pd表示D2D对中发送者UE2的最大发射功率,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100064
    表示蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率的限制条件构成的凸集,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100065
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最大化EE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凹函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100066
    表示
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100067
    在点
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100068
    处的梯度,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100069
    代表蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最 大化EE时的最优发射功率问题转化后的凸函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017113262-appb-100070
    表示P2的转置。
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