WO2019103634A2 - Cascading hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The production of electricity from a cascading hydroelectric power plant is described as follows. Pylons (15) have been thrust into the river bed (5), on which are placed stripe foundations (14). Two interconnected reinforced concrete cascading turbines (10), placed on stripe foundations (14). The resulting water slowdown "H" (23) creates pressure on the cascading hydroelectric power plant. The regulators (20) gradually pass water (6) towards the turbine pipes (29), in the volume of water (6) flow that comes. The water (6) in the pipes (29) of the turbine accelerates when the turbine paddles (38) are used to obtain mechanical energy. With a position of the trapped air (25) and dividers, unplanned water (6) penetration is prevented. This way the flowing water (6) is directed to go through the turbine pipe (29), where its used by arranged turbine paddles (38). The turbine paddles (38), on the way back, move through the air almost without any negative resistance. The direction of movement of the turbine paddles (38) is secured with "U" profiles (46) and guides (47). Such a work relationship is balanced and stable with the water overflow (27) over the barrier (19), whereby a stable ratio of the revs on the generator (55) is obtained. The turbine pipes (29) have several times the volume of the planned use of the water (6) flow in the river, measured in seconds. Which enables the potential energy from the water (6) flow to be fully utilized with the help of software management, almost up to the moment of hydro turbine full stop. Automatic cleaning of surface waste from the river is provided. Efficient use of tidal forces and high sea waves. The arrangement of the river course, so the river is suitable for the evolvement of ecology, steady waterway navigation, land melioration. By automatic river flow leveling, the irrigation system is provided. There is no river meandering.

Description

Cascading hydroelectric power plant

The field of technology to which the invention relates

The innovation presented here is a new concept of the tidal power use, the energy potential of the lowland rivers and the high waves that are splashing the seas or ocean coasts, and for the electricity production needs. Innovation predetermines the setting of a cascading hydroelectric power plant between the bottom of the river or the sea, two coasts or along the coastline, and the surface of the water. Such positioned cascading hydropower plant would have a barrier, which controls the slowdown and the flow of water through innovative hydro-turbines where the achieved water flow is used for the production of electricity, efficiently and economically. This way is achieved a technological system or an innovative technical wall, which with the barrier achieves the useful height of the water level "H". The technology is further used for waterway regulation, high water flow regulation, flood protection and against soil erosion. Technology allows automatic river self-cleaning from surface waste, permanent melioration of the wetlands and irrigation of fields and greenhouses without additional energy consumption.

An innovative technical solution allows the flow of water to be used from the tidal movement in both directions, whereby the potential energy of the water flow is then used with the same intensity. The technology would be used efficiently and economically, so such work process would not harm the environment, but would advance it. The banks of the river would be urbanized for the versatile use, with the control of the water level precisely in the centimeter regardless of the current amount of rainfall and the intensity of water flow in the river.

According to the International Patent Classification, the subject of the invention is marked by the primary classification symbol E02B 9/00 (2006.01), which marks the technology with the implementation location and architectural design of the hydropower plant construction, and the use of technical equipment with methods and devices during the construction of the hydroelectric power plant itself. Classification by symbol F03B 13/08 (2006.01) defining machines or hydro turbines, which are used as generators at the dam. Additional classification symbol E02B defining hydraulics engineering, use of water energy potential. E03B where are designated technical installations or methods for soil amelioration and use or distribution of water. F03B is marking the machines or liquid- driven hydro-turbines. Based on this, a search of the state of the technique was performed on the subjected application.

Technical problem

The current technology of using the potentials of water level difference is already known, where high water is used, and faster water flow speed is achieved. Today, tidal hydroelectric power plants and hydroelectric power plants on lowland rivers are insufficiently used because there is no commercial technology. The existing hydro-turbine technology requires operation with at least a few meters of water height. Therefore the lowland rivers remained unused with the existing technology. Mostly, today are used the tidal hydroelectric plants using the classic dam to separate the suitable bay and capture the required water level.

As for the innovative solution for the lowland rivers, there is a patent WO/2013/136132 which deals with a similar problem of using low-speed water flow. The technology is insufficiently worked out in the integration and working mode and is not commercially usable. So this innovation addresses the shortcomings of the existing solutions. Where the developing and advancing with an innovative approach is done, so that future technology is efficient and cost-effective in the application, maintenance, and overhaul. Innovative technology makes it possible to use a high amount of low-speed water flow in the best possible way.

Innovation resolves the position of the cascading hydroelectric power plant, which with the integration of the fixed innovative hydro turbines uses the minimum water flow for the efficient production of the electric power. At the small water difference and low water flow, the negative resistance that occurs during turbine operation is reduced this way. Among other things, this was achieved with the air pocket setting, the captured air at the position of the turbine paddle backflow.

If it is a river flow in question, the water is used towards the drop of the river. Respectively, from a place at a higher altitude, towards the lower altitude. Today in the world through the use of this principle, many dams and locks have been built, which are mainly integrated into the river flow. Then the accumulation lake is made with the essential difference in the water height level, which is then mainly used for the production of electricity. The work of classic hydropower plants is being upgraded with the use of innovative cascading hydroelectric power plants, which are placed on the free positions in the downstream part of the river basin. With the downstream hydropower plant setting, the water level falls further below the dam, as water flows at a faster speed over the artificial water slope. Then the water height is leveled in the existing riverbed, just below the dam. Classic hydropower plants with this innovative technology are gaining greater productivity with the setting of a new artificial waterfall below the dam.

Today's use of water resources on the planet is mainly at the place of residence and work of a highly-developed society, which also requires a large amount of electricity. The disadvantage is that suitable locations have already been exploited and that there are less and less available water resources. This innovation is partially solving those issues, where the insufficiently exploited resource of tides, lowland rivers, and high waves, are used in harmony with nature and for the environmental improvement and nature preservation.

With the addition of the innovative technology described above, besides the primary purpose of the hydroelectric power plant, it opens the possibility to technically adjusts for the solving of flood waves in the river basin and flood protection. Respectively, for the regulation of the uninterrupted navigability in the river basin during the year as well as the necessary measures, where the designed and implemented barriers then set their lines to protect the cities on the coast from the effects of high waves and floods. Example, the coastline of New York, Shanghai, Tokyo, and the Netherlands. So caught high-waved water is periodically collected along the shore when the waves are pouring over the set barrier and then its used to produce electricity. By applying the innovative technology described here, nature is cleared of pollutants, the riverbed is automatically cleansed from the floating waste at the cascading dam position, as described further. The future of electricity generation is thus in ecological regimes, human and natural health is not disturbed, yet urban planning has been wholly regulated and improved.

State of the Technology

According to the state of the technology of the aforementioned patent solutions in the document of the review report, it can be noted, and by the solution no. state the following:

RS 20140491 A1 is the old way of setting up a hydroelectric power plant, which does not adequately solve the usage of the water flow energy during the oscillation of the water level and river flow. The new way solves the shortcomings of the existing solutions, to direct the entire river flow below the water level for our need for steady electricity production possibility. The old way creates significant losses in the potential energy flow of the river, due to the rotation of the turbine paddles in the water. The new solution only uses positive effects of a river flow that drives turbines, while adverse effects are avoided and solved. The losses with the new technology are only in the mechanical energy transmission towards the generator. However, this can also be reduced by installing the generator directly at the drive shaft. The new method also envisions generators with variable revs in the production of electricity, that is, a transmission pulley belt that is expanding or shrinking as needed. The old method does not predict the use of tidal energy while the new method envisages the installation of cascading turbines made of reinforced concrete, to efficiently use tidal energy from both directions.

The old solution, the turbine paddles are working when the transmission/chain is tightened. The chain then receives lateral oscillations, instead of the mechanical energy being transmitted in the straight-line. The turbine paddles with the resulting force of the water flow forces individually twist the chain, so that it vibrates and then brakes apart. This is solved by a new approach, where the turbine paddles individually fit in the "U" profile with an uninterrupted rotation series. With the help of bearings, they glide in ordinance without tightening, so vibrations on the transmission chain are avoided. The old solution has an unevenly distributed surface of the paddles on which reacts the water flaw. By applying a new solution, the flow of water works with the same pressure/thrust on the entire surface of the turbine paddles, which are operated in the conditions of a closed pipe turbine type. In the old solution, the rotation of the paddles around the shaft is in the water, with a considerable resistance that is greater in proportion with the water flow rate increase. By applying a new solution, the paddle rotation at that point is without the pressure, as the turbine paddles freely rotate at the location of the trapped air. Also, we are precisely adjusting the hydro wings with propulsion and automatization, and for the needs of correcting and maintaining the water speed in the cascading hydro turbine.

In the old solution, 70% of turbine paddles are not in function, and they create unnecessary friction and losses by their movements. With the new solution, 55% of the turbine paddles are not in operation, with their movement they do not create resistance because they line up through the air, on the bearings in the "U" profile. The new solution captures the air at the rotation point, where is the turbine paddle rotation and returns to the starting position. Thus, in an uninterrupted series, energy from the water flow is captured in a controlled manner, a rotation without a negative overload. This way, the turbine paddles dive to and emerge in line from the water almost without any resistance. Where the flow of water is not disturbed, they rotate freely around their axes like a leaf in the wind. It resolves the whirlpools under the cascading hydropower plant and all-around security on the river. It solves the automatic cleaning of the sedimentation, which does not deposit as it flows freely through the innovative hydro turbines.

RU 2483159 C1 is the solution of classic water intake with a dam and a positioned pipe. The water level in the river is raised to the required level, to enable the operation of the standard pipe turbine. Unlike the innovation explained here, which has a systematic design of cascading hydropower plants and the use of adjustable barriers. Among other things, the innovation provides a solution for the acceleration of the river flow at the waterfalls, so that the technology in a project is also used for flood protection, soil amelioration, planned irrigation, which is not the case here.

WO 2012177182 A1 has similarities and disadvantages with the previous solution. A static dam is built with complicated maintenance of the spiral turbine. While the innovative project is designed with the installation of ready-made reinforced concrete turbine containers, which are hooked onto the strip foundations. They set up, stack together and take out for the maintenance work in a simple way, while they can even float. Where the cascading hydroelectric power plant is not intended as an obstacle in the river but works in harmony with the river, it cleans and enriches the flowing water with oxygen, while freely passes through the small and large fish using the described modified containers.

Description to the essence of the invention

The setting of the cascading hydroelectric power plant needs the controlled collection of the water and its use, which is the primary function of the invention. Where the influence of gravity on the position of trapped water is used, to produce electricity with the water low flow rates. The barrier at the cascading hydroelectric power plant with its position is below the water level, and if necessary above the water level. Filled with trapped air, it has a constant need to maintain the difference of the slowdown water "H". The given position of the barrier is such that the water is prearranged and tunneled through the pipes of the turbine below the water level. Cascading turbines are firmly positioned at the planned location, attached to the strip foundation mainly from the bottom to the surface of the water. The water outlet from the cascading hydropower plant is controlled by a water flow controller and a hydro wing, located mainly on the upstream position at the cascading turbine. The water flow controller thus hermetically seals the pipe of the turbine, to make the required slowdown of the water "H". Thus, the potential energy of the water required for the start of operation of the cascading turbine is collected. When the riverbed or temporary reservoir at sea is filled with water at the projected difference in water level "H", the cascading hydroelectric power plant is ready for the further described operation.

The water flow regulator has the primary function that with its position is precisely opening and closing to release water into the turbine pipe gradually until the moment of a particular acceleration of water and operation of the cascading turbine when the flow regulators are gradually opening on other pipes of the turbine as well. The individual operation of the generator and its stable work is conditioned by the necessary work of the associated hydro-wing with automatic control. The electric motor with hydraulics/eccentric, sensors and automatics controls the positioning of the hydro-wing in a fraction of a second.

A constructive funnel is also an integral part of the cascading turbine, and it directs the flow of incoming water towards the turbine paddles. The grille with anchorage then prevents the passage of ice, plant and commercial waste. The water then goes to the hydro-wing, which continually regulates the given water speed in the turbine concerning the resistance that occurs during rotation of the turbine and generator operation. The resulting waste is concentrated on the surface of the water and then shifted over the barrier. Pipes transfer waste to the downstream vessel, where it separates from the water, and then transported to selection and incineration.

The cascade turbine is intended to be industrially manufactured, then mounted on a prepared location, easily and quickly fastens together similarly to the arrangement of shipping containers. With the built embankment, arranged shoreline and built-in vessel locks, it enables the cascading hydroelectric power plant to produce electricity with controlled intensity. Such a position does not affect established activity on the river or the sea, the navigability is improved, as well as the general quality of life and stay at the river, and the issue of floods has been resolved. Electricity production is described as follows. The resulting slowdown of water "H", creates pressure on the cascading hydropower plant. The regulators gradually pass the water towards the turbine pipes, in the full amount of water that flows. The water in the turbine pipe accelerates, and turbine paddles are using it to obtain mechanical energy. The proportional flow and constant speed are obtained by using a hydro wing. Such a relationship is balanced and steady with the overflow of water over the barrier, and the steady-state ratio of the generator revs is obtained. In total, the turbine pipes have several times the volume of the planned use of water flow in the river, measured in a second. What enables the potential energy from the water flow to be fully used with the help of software management, until the moment of turbine full stop.

The turbine paddles capture the flowing water, transfer the mechanical energy to the chain, and then with the help of a sprocket, and a swivel bearing is returned to the starting position through the captured air. This is a good solution, because the turbine paddles in return have no water resistance, or it is minimal. Air pocket with movable hydro wings directs running water to pass through the turbine pipe. The turbine paddle is constructively made, as a plate structure coated with a stainless steel sheet, filled with air, and if necessary with a part of the perforated surface.

In a further technical view, the negative influence of the hydrodynamic pressure on the position of the turbine pipe and the operation of the turbine paddles is solved. The turbine for its vertical positioning uses the ratio of the captured air volume in the water. The cascading turbine is exposed only to shear forces, due to the flow of incoming water, which is a good and quality solution. In a way that a stripe foundations are statically well arranged, they easily receive the pressure of the secondary negative forces acting on the top of the cascading hydropower plant when it works. This position is additionally solved and secured with the set of cables with anchorages, and if necessary, provided with a grille.

The system works with the help of sensors, necessary equipment, video surveillance, other devices that aim to use today's available technology to be applied in the system, and with the development of software enables precise automatic management of work processes. Design of cascading turbines has dozens of basic models, world regions with different river basin shape or a river shore or a sea shoreline will decide which type of cascading hydroelectric power plants will be developed and standardized, manufactured and installed schematically. Various existing and future hydro turbine solutions with the use of generators, where they can be installed in various locations in the described cascading hydropower plant if the technical need for such solutions is identified. For example, on a drive shaft, a reducer with a generator can be installed, which directly uses water flow through the transmission inside the turbine pipe for the electricity production. Periodic temperature differences during the year, as well as cold parts of the planet, do not affect the operation of cascading hydroelectric power plants. Cascading turbines are positioned in running water, where the temperature is continuously above zero, which is beneficial for the less material expansion and wear. The parts which are heated during operation, as well as the operation of the generator, are secondarily cooled with running water.

A brief description of the drawings

The desired form of the invention will be described in the accompanying drawings, which will explain the principles of the invention use, the invention will not be limited to the technical models of use of cascading hydropower plants shown here, wherein the included drawings illustrate:

Picture 1. Top view of the river and the location of the cascading hydroelectric plant with vessel locks, located between the river banks according to the invention,

Picture 2. View from the upstream side of the river to the locks, the location of the cascading turbine setting on the stripe foundations, which are connected with the pylons to the bottom of the river, the position of the embankment,

Picture 3. Cross-section A-A with cascading turbine setting on a stripe foundation, a place of a water slowdown at a barrier point, all in accordance with the invention,

Picture 4. A side view of the grille position with cross-sections of the water flow regulator, then a longitudinal cross-section of the barrier with the possible setting of fish ladders, shown by the details of the possible interconnection of cascading turbines,

Picture 5. Longitudinal section A-A of the reinforced concrete structure of the turbine, where the lateral view of the operation of the turbine paddles is separated when they are located in the turbine pipe. With an additional cross-section C-C where four reinforced concrete structures of the turbine are interconnected, where is one separated turbine paddle shown with a detailed view of its work position,

Picture 6. A view from the top on the part of a Danube River Basin, the possible location for the 22 cascading HPP in the existing riverbed according to the invention, in order for the fast water transfer over the artificial waterfalls along the river, the use of technology would prevent the formation of a flood wave and floods,

Picture 7. A top view of the possible setting of the cascading HPP "Novi Sad" on the river Danube in the urban settlement, with the overall arrangement of the low river surroundings and river banks, all in accordance with the invention,

Picture 8. Top view of the position of innovative cascading turbines in the projected series to use the tidal force from the influence of the Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of the UK and Ireland. With the cross-section B-B, is the location of the turbine at the bottom of the sea, in the bay, in order to use the tidal force with automatic guidance of the essential differences in the height of the water slowdown "H".

A detailed description of the invention

Picture 1. shows a top view at river 6 and a position of a cascading hydroelectric plant equipped with vessel locks 8 and 9, located between the shore 2 of the river according to the invention. The Cascading HPP is from shore 2 towards the river mainstream made from a constructive embankment 3, which thus narrows and secures the water 6 flow for the needs of cascading turbines 10. Cascading turbines 10 are interlocked to the bottom of the river, with their projected proportions are located below the water 6 surface. In the way, that with its position can stop and control the water 6 flow for the electricity production needs. Large rivers are mainly navigable waterways, so the technology provides a technical possibility for unobstructed river traffic using quick vessel locks 8 and 9. To keep the vessel lock 8 operations fast, there are projected side openings 21 for filling and draining water. This way, the locks 8 regulate the flow of water 6, with an intensity that does not interfere with the safety of the vessels. On the shore 2 and safe location is placed machine room 1 , which is equipped with a compressor 26 and other necessary equipment, as well as a control system for operation of a cascading hydropower plant, monitoring room. The stone 16 settings secure all the surfaces of the coast 2 and the bottom of the river which is exposed to the increased flow of water.

Thus, building construction in the river is positioned, where the projected amount of water 6 is entirely controlled with the operation of the water flow controller 20. Which, if necessary, stops the flow of water 6, then the water is released for the individual operation of the cascading turbine 10. This is provided with the position of the barrier 19, located above the cascading turbines 10, between the vessel locks 8 and 9 and the embankment 3. Barriers 19 with its position within a few hours do the required water 6 slowdown. The set water level 6 is constantly regulated, most part is used through individually open cascading turbines 10, while the smaller part passes periodically over the controlled water overflow 27. This is necessary, among other things, for stable operation of reducer 54 with generator 55. For the passage of floating and underwater waste, ice, objects, and swimmers that can not pass through the turbine due to the setting of the grille 17 with anchorage.

The shown measures of operation of the cascading hydropower plant in the river bed, the example of the application of the invention are shown in Picture 1., and it is not the limitation of the dimensions of the invention application, but they illustrate the proportions shown only to facilitate the understanding of the invention itself. Natural parameters, as an example of using the unused potential of the river Danube from Slovakia to the delta of the Black Sea. Medium flow stream with a height difference of 55 m and a daily average flow of 4,000 m³/s, which is created by the operation of Slovakian hydroelectric power plant Gabcikovo. Lower flow with a height difference of 32 m and mainly a daily average flow of 7,000 m³/s, which was created by the operation of hydroelectric power stations Djerdap. In both cases, high and seasonal waters are corrected by reservoir lakes, where water is released as needed. So the installation of cascading hydropower plants can be with 22 positions = 1 ,760 MW and 12 positions = 1 ,680 MW. With a water column slowdown of 2.5 m and full daily water flow, 3,440 MW of cascading hydropower plants can produce 2,700 MWh per one working hour.

Picture 2. shows a view from the upstream side of the river to the vessel locks 8, at the location of the cascading turbine 10 at the bottom 5 of the river according to the invention. The reinforced concrete structure 12 is arranged at the bottom 5 of the river, interconnected to the pylons 15. The pylons 15 are bonded by stripe foundations 14, which are also the basis for the setting of cascading turbines 10. The stripe foundation 14 also serves against the penetration of water 6 below the bottom 5 of the river, and at the place where the vessel locks 8 are being built. Vessel lock 8 in the regular traffic on the Danube River are foreseen to be in pairs for the faster passage of the vessel 22. Their work is controlled by barriers 19 at the lock, which are located individually at the entrance and exit from the lock 8. The locks 8 are interconnected by the openings 21, among other things, so that achieved water level 4 could be used partially from one lock to the other. This way is the reduced amount of the necessary water 6 from the upstream part of the river, which is required for the passage of the vessel 22. The cascading turbines 10 are positioned and attached to the stripe foundations 14 by means of plate pedals with a mechanism 34. When the water level 4 is reached, the water flow regulator 20 opens, the water 6 is gradually released into the turbine pipe 29. The overflow water 27 is required in small quantities to stabilize the generator operation. All shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, at the position of formation of the difference in the water slowdown "H" 23 in the river, downstream or upstream. Where in the order the water level is marked from the bottom of the river to the surface. This is the water level in the downstream cascading HPP, the water level in the subjected HPP, and the possible level marking of thousands of years of high waters.

Picture 2. it can be concluded that the operation of the cascading hydroelectric power plant aims, by its position, to use the potential energy of the water 6 flow. By gravity force at the place of the difference between the two water levels 4, upstream and downstream, the water slowdown "H" 23 is achieved. The height "H" 23 is maintained utilizing signaling 69 and sensors 69, required devices, and wall-mounted meters downstream or upstream. The flow of water is controlled for each turbine pipe 29 individually, to the predicted full operation concerning the amount of water 6 that comes. High waters are projected to come and pass to the level marking of thousand years of water 18 mainly through barrier 19 and constructive embankment 3, additionally through the vessel locks 8. The stone 16 foundation is favorable protection against increased water flow, does not allow the erosion of the river bottom 5 and the river shore 2. The cascading hydroelectric power plant can be used with the position of the hanging bridge 13, the path above the barrier, the quay, the terrace.

The operation measures and use of the invention shown in Pictures 1. and 2. are not a limitation of the invention itself, but they only illustrate the proportions shown to facilitate the more straightforward understanding of the invention itself. If the riverbed is an average width of 700 m, a drop of the riverbed of 0.1 m per kilometer, with a length of 25 km of water slowdown, "H" = 2.5 m is obtained. Thus, the volume of the slowdown is 21 ,875,000 m³ of water, which river Danube with a flow of 4,000 m³/s provides in 91 minutes. If the dimension of one lock is 250 x 50 x 2.5 = 31 ,250 m³ of water. With the overflow from another lock, its needed 16,000 m³ of water from the upstream part of the river for one vessel passage, which river Danube compensates in 4 seconds. This way the locks operate smoothly with fast traffic and the amount of water used will not lack in the production of electricity. Figure 2.2, A view from the upstream side is shown towards the embankment 3, the small lock 9, the stripe foundation 14 connected to the pylons 15, the location of the cascading turbine 10 at the bottom of the river 5, all according to the invention. Machine room 1 is located on the coastline 2, secured with a classic embankment if needed. In which, among other things is an installed compressor 26, and a process control system with video surveillance. Embankment 3 is secured with stone 16, intended to be built from formed and connected stainless steel nets laid onto the coastline 2, which are then filled with stone and other materials. This is a favorable and ecological construction of the embankment 3, where the position of the crown of the embankment 3 gradually descends towards the small lock 9. The small lock 9 passes the smaller vessels 22, and it is safe merging place for the bulk stones from the embankment 3 and the position of the construction of turbine 11 that are leaning against it.

In this case, the cascading turbines 10 are located between the two locks, hooked to the stripe foundation 14 and with the barrier 19 connected to the position of the level 4 of the water slowdown. So the embankment 3 is slightly above the level 4 of the water slowdown, the water overflow flows exclusively over the barrier 19. Except for the flood waves, the water 6 then reaches the projected and displayed level marking 18 of thousands of years of water. Conditioned water level 4 height in floodwaters, water 6 begins to spill over at the water overflow 27, then over the crown of the embankment 3 at a location connected to the small lock 9, then gradually as the level 4 of the water rises towards the machine room 1. This way, river meandering is resolved as water flows mainly through the river mainstream, with calmer speed along the coastline 2 which ensures the protection from soil erosion.

The cascading hydropower plant operation measures shown in Pictures 1. and 2. are not the limitation of the dimensions of the invention itself, but they illustrate the proportions to facilitate an easier understanding of the invention functions. The height of the water overflow is 2 m, with an average overflow length of 650 m, with an average waterfalls speed of 5 m/s, the possibility of 6,500 m³/s of high water passing through the cascading hydroelectric power plant. With the significant acceleration of the mainstream river flow, the flood wave cannot be formed, which is usually formed from natural weather disasters. Now, only the riverbed is not enough to accept a large amount of water slowly flowing because there are no waterfalls. The water is now accumulating and overflowing from the riverbed, flooding surrounding areas. The artificial waterfall that forms above the cascading hydropower plant transfers the water two to three times faster than the speed of the regular flow of the river on the section. Thus it does not allow the concentration of high waters in the affected area and downstream.

Picture 3. shows the cross-section A-A of the two interconnected cascading turbines 10 placed on top of each other, secured on the stripe foundation 14. Pylons 15 are thrust into the bottom 5 of the river, on which are placed the stripe foundations 14 which are at the lateral distance. At that point, stone 16 secures the bottom 5 of the river from the impact of increased in-line water flow. When the cascading turbine 10 is installed with the help of the vessel and the captured air, it descends to the intended position and creates a "click" with the help of the plate paddles with the mechanism 34. At the bottom 5 of the river, cables/pipes 33 are placed between the stripe foundations 14 for the distribution of electrical energy, transmission of signals signaling the process of operation, control cables and pipes for the transport of pressurized air.

Picture 3. shows the position of the barrier 19, which is filled with air 7 under pressure, interconnected from the plate elements using the axles 67, secured to the upper part of the cascading turbine 10. At one end, the part of the barrier 19 is in a rotational position, at the other end it slides with the aid of the movable support 65, the pinion lath 64, the sprocket 66 which through the reduction, if necessary, drives the electric motor for the barrier position 63. Thus, the barrier 19 has the possibility of controlled position change with the help of a lifting force, to set and maintain assigned water slowdown "H" 23, allowing the water overflow 27 in small quantities.

In Picture 3., the water speed line 28 is shown, whereby the creation of the water slowdown "H" 23 with the aid of the barrier 19, water 6 is forced to pass through the turbine pipe 29. From ice, objects, and swimmers, the cascading turbine 10 is protected with the grille with anchorage 17. The water flow regulator 20 with the aim of an electric motor controller 61 , an opening/closing device\bar 62, controls the water flow through the turbine 30. The controller motor housing 60 is filled with trapped air 25, in which is securely placed the necessary equipment for controlling and monitoring the processes of operation of the water flow regulator 20 and the hydro-wing 37.

The construction of the 11 turbine is coated with a stainless steel sheet, when the cascading turbine 10 is installed, the partial remains of trapped air 25 in it, as in the position of the boat in upside down position. The trapped air 25 is required for the reasons mentioned above. Among other things, the pressure of the trapped air 25 is needed to prevent the penetration of water 6, and an additional barrier is placed on the upper side for that reason. Thus, the liquid water 6 is directed to pass through the turbine pipe 29, where the turbine paddles 38 are using it. Moreover, the additional reason, the turbine paddles 38 on the return are moving through the trapped air 25, without any negative environment resistance at all.

The trapped air 25 is discharged or charged as needed, and it is automatically regulated with the ballcock and housing, supply pipe with pressurized air. The ballcock weight is regulated by the level of water when it rises in the upper part of the turbine, the ballcock rises and leaks a certain amount of air, then drops and closes the air supply. The turbine construction 11 is the position of the drive shaft 50 and the auxiliary shaft 51 on the bearing housing. The drive shaft 50 and the auxiliary shaft 51 can be partly made as a tube or from a solid material, where there are sprockets 56 on them. Sprocket 56 are paired and located with chain/transmission 57.

At chains 57, in the order at the same distance between each other the turbine paddles 38 are placed. Where is continuously shown eight in operation, on collecting the energy of the water flow through the turbine 30. The turbine paddles 38 are made in the form of a plate, at the ends there are paddle support bearings 43 and the paddle position bearing 44.The support bearing 43 and paddle position bearing 44 moves along in a given direction, guided by linear U-shaped profile 46. The movement direction of the turbine paddles 38 is secured by the guide for the paddle bearings 47. When they emerge from the turbine pipe 29, the turbine paddles 38 pulls the chain 57 over the sprocket 56 into the trapped air 25. Where the paddle support bearing 43 monitors the chain movement 57. While the paddle position bearing 44 has a free end, which then strikes the rubber/spring 52 and it is placed in the position of the paddle support bearing 43 in the linear U-shaped profile 46. When they enter the turbine pipe 29, the turbine paddles 38 pull the chain 57 over the sprocket 56 to the beginning of the turbine pipe 29. Where the blade support bearing 43 is supported by chain 57. While the paddle position bearing 44 has a free end, which then strikes the rubber/spring 52, it pulls out and falls to the position of the guide for paddle bearing 47. The turbine paddles 38 are thus pulled out above the movable water router 37, swirling around its axes at several swivel bearings 42. The paddle swivel bearings 42 are firmly attached to the chain 57. The hydraulic wing 37 by its constant operation and control corrects the water flow rate speed 30 through the turbine.

The resulting mechanical energy is transferred to the belt pulley 58 through the chain/transmission 57 and the sprocket 56. The belt pulley 58 is larger profile than the sprocket 56, to transmit a lower power at a higher rotation speed per minute to the shaft of the generator. The belt pulley 58 transfers 59 mechanical energy to the reducer 54 and then to the generator 55. Alternative mechanical energy transmission 59 can be developed, that the belt pulleys 58 have the possibility of increasing and decreasing the volume. In this way, it changes and manages, corrects the number of revs required for the operation of the generator 55. The generator housing 53 is filled with trapped air 25, in which the necessary equipment for controlling and monitoring the process of operation of the reducer 54 with the generator 55 is placed securely. The position of the level marking 18 of thousands of years of water. The position of the adjuster 36 with the ability to remotely control the chain/transmission 57, when they loosen due to the operation, camera monitoring. The position of the location of the sediment cleaner 48 is also shown, as well as the location of the fish ladders 24.

Further shown operation measures and the application of the invention shown in Picture 3. are not a limitation of the dimensions of the invention, but they illustrate the proportions shown to facilitate the understanding of the operation of the invention itself. The dimensions of the cascading turbine are 25 x 4 x 3, and the turbine pipe has a cross- section of 5 m². The expected constant water flow rate with a 2.5 m water column is 5 m/s when the turbine is running. Thus, the flow through the turbine is 25 m³/s. In this case, four cascading turbines are paired with a total installed flow of 100 m³/s, where the flow of water starts the operation of a 2 MW generator. The water in the turbine pipe is five times larger volume than the flow rate so that a series of turbine paddles can collect energy until the river flow full stop. This is the preferable solution in the technological parameter for electricity production. The current maximum water level drop in the 8 m riverbed is adjusted projectively at 3 m, which is enough space for the high waters flow. Thus, the Danube River basin is leveled for continuous navigation, it is a better appearance of the coastline because of the sludge in decorated cities is always below the water level. There are a boat ride options, and there is no boat laying (shipwreck), there is so much less water flow, so the navigation is safer, cheaper and faster. In the river tributary, a constant amount of water is provided for the needs of the plant, animal and fish survival, where quality natural fish hatchery is provided.

Picture 4., Fig. 4.1 drawn is a part of the surface construction of the grille with the anchorage 17. Where such a construction allows floating material and ice not to be stuck on its surface, but it slides towards the water overflow. It is recommended to make grilles from tensioned cables, wires soaked in artificial resin and interconnected in the net. Such a creation is also a good basis for setting up various creative solutions, made of recycled plastic. Parts made of plastic are firmly hooked on the grille 17, where materials and ice are sliding over. Then the water 6 is vertically entering the cascading turbine, from the surface of the water to the bottom.

Fig. 4.2 is a sketched part of the section with a possible solution for the operation of the regulator 20, where the regulator 20 can also be a divider in the form of a movable panel. The regulator 20 is shown in the first position when it passes the water 6 and then the other position when it closes the water 6 flow. The control plates of the regulator 20 are made similar to the turbine paddle making solutions. Covered with stainless steel sheet 40 and fitted to an appropriate position, on the move with the axial rotation and fitted with the bar for positioning, opening and closing 62 the regulator 20. Consequently, the tectonic plates lie in contact with each other under a pressure of water 6 on them. They are firmly interlocked with each other so that they allow controlled flow of water 6. All are controlled by sensors and automation, where a constant drive is provided with the associated electromotor.

Fig. 4.3 shows the cross section of the barrier 19 with the fish ladder 24, if necessary. Then there is a controlled water overflow 27 over fish ladders 24. Fish ladders 24 are in the upper part made in the form of a semicircle, which is the implementation of the existing technology. However, innovative cascading hydropower plants provide a solution for the smooth fish passage along the riverbed. An innovative solution is based on the working principle of the shipping container with the alternating opening of the door, at the entrance and exit. The position of the door on the fish container can be sliding or movable. With more manufacturing methods, it is driven by an electric motor and hydraulics, lever. The installation location of the fish container is at one model of the described hydro turbines, near the bottom of the river or the sea. The working principle is the following, the upstream doors are open, and the fish enters the container, the downstream doors are then closing. A small amount of water is passed through the container so that the fish follows the flow of water and naturally enters the container. The sensor registers the fish, closes the upstream door, then opens the downstream door, and the fish goes downstream. When the downstream door is open, the fish enters the container from the downstream side with the same principle and then comes upstream. This innovative solution is also useful as a "fish lock" when constructing the new classic dams, and for upgrading and modifying already built dams.

Fig. 4.4 shows the cross-section of the possible solution and the profile of the turbine interconnection 35 for the cascading turbines 10. The technology enables the quick installation and disassembly of cascading hydro turbines. The safety from the water penetration is an additional benefit since the line connection is under the same water pressure load on the cascading turbines 10. A vertical line connection is displayed, while the horizontal connection can be resolved in several ways, among other things by a quick "click" solution with the groove position and associated rubber gasket. Line connections can have a longitudinal axis rotation, to take advantage of the water pressure to tighten the rubber gasket tightly for the construction of the cascading turbine. Thus, the water penetration is prevented.

Picture 5., Fig. 5.1 shows the drawing of two reinforced concrete structures in which two turbine pipes are located. Where the operating position of the three turbine paddles is indicated, with the separate drawing in Fig. 5.2. The reinforced concrete structure well receives the stress forces, which occur in several directions during the operation of hydro turbines, the price is affordable, and it is easy production with mold casting. The volume weight of reinforced concrete considerably reduces when it is in the water. With the amount of trapped air in the water, the concrete structure with the hydro turbine is controllingly floating for the installation purposes. It is easy to move from the foundation when the air is additionally inflated, and for the needs of maintenance and overhaul. The concrete structure is encased with stainless steel sheet, plastic or rubber, or certain interior surfaces, to keep trapped air without any unwanted leakage. On such a concrete structure, if necessary, all described elements in various options are added, so that the described cascading turbine would have the innovative functions.

Fig. 5.2 shows a side view operation of three turbine paddles 38, located in the turbine pipe 29. The pressure of the water flow 30 through the turbine equally spreads in all directions within the turbine pipe 29. The reinforced concrete walls of the turbine pipe 29 with the construction of the turbine 11 easily sustain this pressure while using the turbine paddles 38 to obtain mechanical energy, which is then simultaneously transmitted by chains 57. The position of the latched operation of the turbine paddles 38 reduces and nullifies vibration to the construction of 11 turbines. This reduces the wear out of the material. Then, pressure strikes on certain parts of the turbine paddles 38 are avoided. The turbine paddles 38 receive leveled water pressure on the surface when in their upper operation.

The grille structure 39 of the paddle stiffened with the stainless steel sheet 40 well sustains twisting and bending. The turbine paddles 38 built this way well sustain the abrasive effect of the sediment, their additional painting and maintenance are not necessary. The height of the turbine paddle 38 is slightly higher than the height of the turbine pipe 29, so that they continuously slip and can not straighten. This way they do not have movement resistance, they do not create a burden when transferring mechanical energy to the chain/transmission 57. By moving along the linear U-shaped profiles 46, positioned turbine paddles 38 are in their projected constant ideal angle necessary for safe and continuous operation. Rotation of the turbine paddle 38 is smooth when it is filled with pressurized air 7. Then the sediment cleaner 48 with a flexible position of the setting on the turbine paddle 38 regularly cleans the turbine pipes 29 from sediment.

Fig. 5.3 shows the cross section C-C of four interconnected reinforced concrete turbine structures. The total of four turbine pipes is placed in a single structure, paired for the needs of one generator. Four sections with trapped air are also located on the C-C cross- section, where the turbine paddles rotate back to the starting position. An example of the setting, reinforced concrete structures can be arranged in an endless series for the needs of the structural mounting assembly of the described cascading hydroelectric power plant in the river, as well as the construction of a technological wall for the use of tidal energy and sea waves.

Fig. 5.4, where from the section C-C one turbine paddle 38 singled out with a detailed view of the work position and parts according to the invention. The turbine paddle 38 is made with a specific paddle structure 39, which is enclosed on both sides with a stainless steel metal sheet 40, with puncturing and welding, so that air is trapped under pressure 7. On the turbine paddle 38, on the one side, there is fitted paddle swivel bearing 42, which is then fastened to the chain/transmission 57. On both sides of the turbine paddle 38 are located the paddle position correctors 41 which move on the construction, in support of the position of the turbine paddle 38 when it is in operation. On the side of the turbine paddle 38 where the chain/transmission 57 is located, there are arranged paddle support bearings 43, placed by their movement through the U-shaped profile 46. At the opposite side, there are placed paddle position bearings 44, which move through the linear U- shaped profile 46, where a sediment cleaner 48 is also located. At the point of the position of the four paddle bearing axles 45, there are two bearings 43 and 44 respectively.

Picture 6. A view from the top of the Danube River Basin, a possible location for the construction of 22 cascading HPPs in the existing river bed, all per the invention. By building 22 artificial waterfalls in the riverbed, the water would be quickly shifted down the river where the use of technology would prevent the formation of a flood wave. The cascading HPP Novi Sad is highlighted, whit the detailed description. Such arranged riverbed does not have quick water flow, the eroding of the shoreline and the riverbed meandering is protected. The HPP Gabchikovo is now working with a 17.5 m water column, due to future regulation of river beds, the water level further decreases by 1.5 m below the dam. This way Gabcikovo HPP would use the existing technology with a water drop of 19 m, where production would increase by 8% or an additional 200 GWh per year. The same is with the HPP Djerdap II, where the increase in electricity generation would be even more significant. The waterway is regulated, land melioration is done, the possibility of channel irrigation and drainage, water stops overnight without the necessary biological minimum flow.

An example of heavy rains in Austria, the Danube River collects water in the reservoir of the Gabcikovo HPP. The flood wave is now traveling towards the delta with the max. a speed of 1.5 m/s. On the river length of the 2,000 km, it is approximately 370 hours. By constructing the described 34 cascading hydropower plants, controlling the discharge into three existing reservoirs, the water would immediately be transferred from the cascade waterfalls to the other cascading waterfalls. The flood wave from Austria through the existing river bed in the length of 2,000 km travels to the Danube Black Sea delta in less than 24 hours.

Picture 7. A top view of the possible setting of the cascading HPP "Novi Sad" on the Danube River in the urban settlement, with a demonstrated overall arrangement of the ambient on the lowland river and the banks of the river, all in accordance with the invention. The venture is the construction of the first classical hydroelectric power plant with an installed capacity of 37 MW, built on Niagara Falls under the design of Nikola Tesla. It had a river flow potential of 6,000 m³/s and a water drop of 52 m. While cascading HPP "Novi Sad" has a river flow rate of 3,500 m³/s and a drop of 0.11 m per kilometer of the river flow. In such a modest energy potential, with the installation of 200 reinforced concrete cascades, 50 generators have been installed. HPP "Novi Sad" has a total power of 100 MW, with an annual production of 335 GWh mainly electricity in the daily regime. With a daily flow concentration of 5,700 m³/s, it would generate 100 MWh periodically.

The river is narrowed in the urban area at 350 m, where it extends to 650 m downstream. The architectural setting of the cascading hydroelectric power plant is such that it allows a 650 m overflow to control the flow of thousands of years of water. The conically positioned cascading hydroelectric plant with the help of water flow concentrates the surface waste at the point of the outlet 79. The funnel transports the periodically collected waste at the outlet 79 to the downstream barge 80 where the waste is collected through the flowing water and then transported to the recycling or incineration.

Center of the Novi Sad is 7 m below the level of the quay, which is a problem with abundant precipitation when the surface waters paralyze the city. It represents the problem also with the three sewage drains on the quay, which, due to the high water level of the Danube, return the water to the city. During the summer months, due to the fall of the river level, an unbearable smell is felt. This is all resolved by the cascading HPP "Novi Sad", where the water level of the river permanently levels and three collectors connects into one, which transports the wastewater downstream of the hydroelectric power plant. Then aesthetically shaped ambient is created along the river with the permanent water leveling, the parks with separate resting benches can be built, under which the enjoyable burble sound of purified water is heard. Dozens of streams 75 with shaped rock paths and bridges can be built. There is free access for the pedestrians on the embankment over the quay, over which the platform with the terrace 72 is built. The observation point 71 can be on several levels, independent with a pillar in the river and a high platform above the river level. The observation point 71 that is rotating, where is the ideal place for cafes and restaurants. In this case, the cable car 78 connects the observation point 71 with a fort on the other side of the river.

On the coastline below the cascading HPP with a 2.5 m difference in the water level, sports, and recreational activities can be organized. Kayaking and skiing paths 76, a series of water slides 77 with a large amount of running water. Pools 74 are filling with naturally filtered water, which is passing under pressure and is cleansed through the barrier. Downstream is a clean beach 73, with no unpredictable water flows or vortex. Vessel lock 8 is in this case along the coast, upstream of the existing bridge, with two levels of overflow. Over the vessel lock 8, the elegant pedestrian path construction can span, which further continues along the pedestrian path above the waterfall on the barrier, and further to the terrace and another riverbank.

In other cascading hydropower plants, a waste collection can be over the barrier. Then, on the underside of the barrier, a linear car is built, in which the cable with paddles is placed. The system is protected and works similar to the cable car, where paddles are installed instead of the baskets. Paddles on the upper side collect waste on the surface and transport it to the shore with the line of a set barrier. An innovative system of automatic cleaning of surface waste can apply to already existing reservoir lakes with the dams.

Picture 8., Fig. 8.1 shows a top view of the position setting of the innovative cascading turbines 10 in a designated series to use tidal force from the influence of the Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of the UK and Ireland. The English channel is shown, where periodic tide reaches over 12 m. At the entrance to the English channel, the tide is more expressed, at that position, there are two walls of turbines 31 and 32, a total length of 300 km. Towards the channel exit, on the coast of Belgium, the tide falls, where towards the UK, there is one wall of 31 turbines which is 50 km long. This way in the English channel, the caught tide, which periodically reaches an average height of over 4 m. The example shows the same at the Irish Sea location. It shows the example of the setting of two turbine walls 31 and 32 on the Ireland coastline, where the water 6 under the influence of the tidal force and the Atlantic Ocean action of the high waves is caught next to the shore 2 with the aid of the barrier 19. The projected and an operating height of the water slowdown”H" 23 is from 0.5 m to 1 m, all controlled by signaling/sensors 69. Bristol Bay has two turbine walls 31 and 32 installed, a site with has one of the highest tidal waves in the world, reaching periodically 19 m.

Fig. 8.2 shows the cross-section B-B, the location of the turbine 10 at the sea bed 5 in the Bristol Bay. The turbines 10 are vertically interconnected and arranged in accordance with the invention. It is connected by a simple side-by-side connection with the turbine interconnection profile 35, fastened with a plate paddles with a mechanism 34 for the stripe foundation 14. The seabed 5 is pre-prepared, aligned in height with a proportion to the number of cascading turbine settings 10. The stripe foundation 14 are interconnected with the reinforced concrete structure 12 and are bonded with the pylons 15 to the sea bed 5. This way, the secure static support for the inline mounting of cascading turbines 10 is obtained, which, by their position, form an artificial wall mostly below the water level 4.

Fig. 8.2 shows the effect of the tide that stops on the barrier 19. When the tidal wave finishes with its maximum amplitude of lifting the water level 4, the mobile water routers 37 change their position. Then, it secures the operation of the cascading turbines 10 for the arrival of water 6 from the tidal force in the opposite direction. The artificial wall is made mainly of reinforced concrete turbines 10, filled with the required and trapped air 25. The weight of the hydroelectric plant construction is mainly nullified by the buoyancy force, by the action of trapped air 25. Attention is dedicated to the solution for the lateral forces on the wall of the hydroelectric power plant, due to the pressure of the incoming water 6 and the effects of sea waves. This is solved by the barrier 19, well-arranged stripe foundations 14, as well as the connection of the top of the construction of the cascading hydropower plant to the sea bed 5, with the help of the cable with the anchorage 68. The difference in the water 4 level, regardless of the tide, and the impact of smaller sea waves, is further maintained by the barrier 19 filled up with air 7. It's controlled and operated by signalization 69 connected to the satellites, to make the required water slowdown "H" 23 The water flow regulators 20 are periodically completely closed once or twice a day, depending on the length of the tide and the amount of water 6 flow.

Fig. 8.3 shows the tidal balance 70 when the time of free passage of fish and other marine animals through the wall of the cascading hydroelectric power plant. Then the change of the working angle of the turbine paddles is simple. The electric motor with the transmission returns one circuit of the chains with the turbine paddles while the water flow regulator is closed. The turbine paddles with their free fall reach the changed spot of the working angle position, at that moment partially placed in the "U" profiles. A custom angle is required to catch the flow of water in the turbine pipe, which now comes in the opposite direction.

Further, the shown operation of the cascading turbine in the cascading hydroelectric plant is an example of the application of the invention shown in Picture 8., and are not a limitation of dimensions of the invention, but they illustrate the proportions shown to facilitate the understanding of the invention itself. The dimensions of the cascading turbine are 35 x 7 x 5 meters, and they are in the setting of five above each other. The water depth is 35 m up to 41 m (tide), with an average difference of 6 m. The working speed of the water flow through the turbine pipe is 3 m/s to 4 m/s, and the installed flow rate is 60 m³/s to 80 m³/s of water. Two cascading turbines connect laterally, then they are suitable for installing a 1 MW generator. With accompanying equipment and regulation of working height "H" = 1 m, a working flow of 160 m³/s, a water pass which then produces 1 MWh.

The shown part of the Irish Sea covers an area of 100,000 km², where, in contact with the Atlantic Ocean, the tide reaches an average height of 6 m. It is a place where an artificial wall is installed, built with cascading turbines, barriers, embankments, fish containers and wedge locks. The tidal cycle is in the 12-hour offset mode, where the oscillations vary in the period of the year and the places towards the mainland of continental Europe. On the coast of Belgium, the tide level drops to an average of 2 m to 4 m, among other things, due to the time needed to onrush tidal waves. The Irish Sea is shallow with an excellent geographical position, connected with the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, makes it the ideal location for the operation of the tidal force, the possible place of setting here described innovative technologies.

With the convenience of frequent winds, with waves and shallow shores the water is concentrated, increasing its level towards the coast of Ireland and the UK. The water would be caught from the high waves throughout a favorable shallow coastline, with a built cascading hydroelectric power plant. The waves would overflow through the set barrier by the motion inertia of the half wave, where additional water would be lifted from the lower part of the wave, hitting in a customs barrier under the sharp angle. The return water from the coastline would accumulate to a certain height "H". If the regime of the entering water from the effects of the waves and the water release from the barrier were balanced, the balanced electricity production obtains from the actions of the waves towards the barrier and the amount of used water that has been accumulated.

This is the convenience to which we count, the Irish Sea with 100,000 km², the average of 4 m tidal force in each direction. Approximately 1000 km³ of flowing water is obtained in one day when the used water flow is 16,000,000 m³/s. What should be utilized with the setting of a double cascading hydropower plant, the total length of up to 800 km. The tidal energy at this setting location provides suitable conditions for the needed water movement. This is a much better input parameter for electricity production, then from a periodic wind, sun or rain needed for the operation of today's classical hydroelectric power plants. The external hydroelectric power plant would have a length of 400 km, installed 100,000 MW, which would use water level oscillations from 0.5 m to 5.5 m. The internal hydroelectric power plant would have a length of 400 km, installed 100,000 MW, which would use water level oscillations from 1 m to 5 m. The total installed power is 200,000 MW. The average oscillation of the water level is 0.5 m per one hour. The external and internal hydroelectric power plant would work daily in the 14-hour regime with production above 80%, and 4 hours with the production of more than 50%. While in the 6 h mode they would not work at all, it would increase the height level of the water ". The external cascading hydroelectric power plant would have slightly higher production, while the average production would be over 60% of the installed power of the generator. The calculation is valid when the daily level of the tide reaches 6 m above the built-up cascading hydropower plant.

Sea locks adapt for large ships, and they can be arranged with the following method. The difference in water level on the barrier is low, for ships this is the height of a smaller sea wave. Thus, it is possible to access a wedge-shaped lock solution in the form of the funnel. The ship enters the broader part of the funnel and exits the narrower. The narrow part of the funnel expands with the ship's hull push without the ship stopping, like the action of the wedge. In this case can be dozens of such funnels, with the setting from both directions. Technology provides the possibility of lifting the barrier to vertical position towards the tidal wave and the wave from the wind action, to protect the coast. The fish passage setting has already been described if there is a need for such implementation at the sea bed.

The method of industrial or other application of the invention

Technical innovation is used for the production of electricity in a sustainable way, where such a work process would be following the needs of a growing population and the natural environment. Innovative technology provides a favorable opportunity to gradually replace the current worsening of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants, partly eliminating them. This way the planet is cleared of pollutants, which currently adversely affect the climate. Instead of the famous land-based historical Chinese wall, using innovation in Europe and other parts of the world, thousands of kilometers of a useful technological wall can be built at the bottom of the sea. The comparison parameter is a tidal power plant in the north of France, whic Iras the installed power of 240 MW and per year produces 550 GWh, which is the use of 26% of the installed capacity, similar to the work of the wind farms. Besides, the hydroelectric power plant uses a naturally formed bay and a tidal height of 12 m. The already known parameters of the present technology, innovative hydroelectric power plants use a profound difference in water height of only 0.5 m when they start working. While with a water column height of 1 m, they can generate electricity at the full capacity of the installed power of the generator.

An example of the Mississippi River, which is now unused in its middle and lower parts of the stream. So the cascading hydroelectric power plant provides a solution for the production of a large amount of renewable electricity from available and unused sources. Based on the known parameters, the first cascading hydroelectric power plant would be located above the river delta of the Missouri River at a spot of 130 meters above sea level. An additional 50 cascading hydropower plants would be set up to the river delta. With an average annual flow rate of 18,000 m³/s on the lower part of the river, it is possible to install 18,000 MW generators. An additional high water flow of 67,000 m³/s would pass over the quote of a hydroelectric power plant at the height of up to 3 m above the barrier. It is expected that such the recorded flow will not be formed since the cascades quickly and in time transfer the high flood water towards the river delta. The technology provides a solution to prevent the formation of flood waves and to prevent erosion of the river bank and self-cleaning of the water in the river.

An example of a frozen river Jenisei, when its minimum flow is 3,120 m³/s and a median annual flow of 19,000 m³/s. Where in the described way can be installed dozens of cascading hydroelectric power plants below the surface of the ice, in the area of the river section where no hydroelectric plants are located. Suitable locations for the construction of cascading hydroelectric power plants are all over the planet. For the setting up of an innovative hydroelectric power plant on the tidal energy, the convenient locations are the South East Asian, Chinese and Japanese seas, the coastline of Australia and the Indian subcontinent, Central and North America, Russia and Europe. Technology can be used to defend large coastal cities from floods, such as the city of New York, or for the defense of a coastal state such as the Netherlands. Position on pictures

(1) machine room

(2) coastline

(3) embankment

(4) water level

(5) river bed

(6) water

(7) pressurized air

(8) lock (for vessels)

(9) small lock (for vessels)

(10) cascading turbine

(11) construction of the turbine

(12) reinforced concrete structure

(13) bridge

(14) a stripe foundation

(15) pylon

(16) stone

(17) grille with Anchorage

(18) level marking of thousands of years of water

(19) barrier

(20) water flow regulator

(21) the opening at the lock

(22) vessel

(23) water slowdown "H"

(24) fish ladders

(25) trapped air

(26) compressor

(27) water overflow

(28) water speed line

(29) turbine pipe

(30) flow through the turbine

(31) the position of the external turbine setting

(32) the position of the turbine’s internal setting

(33) cables / pipes

(34) plate pedals with the mechanism

(35) turbine interconnection profile (36) adjuster

(37) movable water router / hydro wing

(38) turbine paddle

(39) paddle construction

(40) stainless steel metal sheet

(41) paddle position corrector

(42) paddle swivel bearing

(43) the paddle support bearing

(44) the paddle position bearing

(45) the paddle bearing axle

(46) linear“U” profile

(47) a guide for paddle bearings

(48) a sediment cleaner

(49) a divider for fish passage

(50) drive shaft

(51) auxiliary shaft

(52) rubber / spring

(53) generator housing

(54) reducer

(55) generator

(56) sprocket

(57) chain / transmission

(58) belt pulley / belt

(59) mechanical energy transmission

(60) controller motor housing

(61) electric motor for starting the controller

(62) device / bar for the opening / closing / positioning the controller

(63) an electric motor for the barrier position

(64) pinion lath

(65) a movable barrier support (73) beach

(66) sprocket barrier (74) pools

(67) axle barrier (75) streams

(68) cable with Anchorage (76) kayaking and water skiing paths

(69) signaling / sensors (77) water slide

(70) tidal balance (78) cable car

(71) observation (view) point (79) outlet

(72) platform with a terrace (80) barge

Claims

Patent claims

1. The innovative cascading hydroelectric power plant for the production of electricity should contain the essential innovative elements:

a) reinforced concrete structure (12) connected with stripe foundations (14), pylons (15), secured by the arrangement of dispersed stone (16),

b) where a cascading turbine (10) is placed on the stripe foundation (14), with the help of the plate pedals (34) with the mechanism its hooked with a "click", interconnected with the profile (35),

c) where a barrier (19) mounts on the cascading turbine (10), which makes the required water slowdown "H" (23) and regulates the water overflow (27),

d) where the top of the cascading turbine (10) is hooked with a grille with anchorage (17) made of wire embedded in the artificial resin with the plastic inserts so that the water enters from the water level (4) to the river bed (5), respectively, setting the cables with anchorage (68),

e) where a water flow regulator (20) is mounted on the cascading turbine (10) with active hydro wings (37) driven by an electric motor with hydraulics,

f) where the potential energy of the water (6) flow is used at the turbine pipe (29) place using turbine paddles (38) arranged on the chain / transmission (57), whereby the resulting mechanical energy (59) transfers to the generator (55),

g) where the belt pulley (58) shrinks and expands, thereby transmits the mechanical energy (59) from the cascading turbine (10) to the reducer (54) with the generator (55),

h) where the embankment (3) is constructed of dispersed stone, packed into stainless steel nets and positioned between the coast (2) and a small lock (9) or the reinforced concrete structure (12),

i) with an innovative lock (8) and (9) on the river or the sea,

j) machine room (1) located on the coast (2), equipped with a compressor (26) and monitoring equipment necessary for the automatic operation of the cascading hydropower plant.

2. In accordance with the patent claim 1., wherein the cascading hydroelectric plant is located in the river bed at various setting angles, mostly below the water level (4) hooked to the river bed (5), to make, control and use the water slowdown "H" (23).

3. In accordance with the patent claim 1., wherein the cascading hydroelectric power plant is linearly positioned in the sea, ocean, bay or fjord, mostly below the water level (4), attached to the river / sea bed (5) in order to make, control and use the water slowdown "H" (23) due to the water flow from tidal forces, and the operation of more massive sea waves.

4. lrr accordance with the patent claim 1., wherein the cascading hydroelectric power plant is conically positioned in a river stream, wherein such a position automatically cleans surface waste from the river through the outlet (79) and downstream positioned barge (80), the described liner cleaning system similar to that of the cable car, where such position allows the setting of an observation point (71), a platform with a terrace (72), a pool (74) with filtered water, a stream (75) with a water gurgle, a skiing (76) on the water, and with a water slide (77).

5. In accordance to the patent claims 1. to 4., where the difference in the achieved water slowdown "K" (23) creates a water column, where the accomplished potential energy utilizes through the turbine pipe (29), the water flow (30) through the turbine at the position of the turbine paddle (38), and for generating electricity which is further transferred with the cables (33) to the coastline (2).

6. In accordance to the patent claim 1. to 4., where the turbine paddle (38) is made with construction (39), pressurized air (7), coated with a stainless steel sheet (40), laterally on the angle mounted bearing axle (45) with mounted bearings (43) and (44), then installed sediment cleaners (48), paddle position correctors (41), swivel bearings (42) on which the turbine paddle (38) is rotatably connected to the chains / transmission (57).

7. In accordance to the patent claim 1., where the linear U-shaped profile (46) is positioned with the paddle guide bearings (47) so that the turbine paddles (38) could have the described operation with the help of the trapped air (25), rubber / springs (52) adjuster (36), the movable water router (37), paddle position corrector (41), paddle swivel bearing (42), needed for the movement of the bearings (43) and (44), with the help of a barrier at the place of the trapped air (25).

8. In accordance to the patent claim 1. to 7., wherein the reinforced concrete structure (11) of the turbine the air is trapped (25), secured with a stainless steel sheet (40) or coating, where the amount of trapped air (25) is emptying or filling as needed, automatically regulated with ball cock and enclosure, supply pipe with under pressurized air and water level.

9. In accordance to the patent claim 1. to 8., where the direction of the water (6) flow changes due to tidal forces, then the turbine paddles (38) are operative in the opposite direction, continuously adjusting the angle of the setting in a way that the movable water router (37) change position at the time of the tidal (70) force balance, the additional electric motor with the reducer rotates the turbine paddle (38) for one circle in the opposite direction, when the altered angle and the required position for operation are in place, at that time the free passage of the fish through the turbine pipe (29) is enabled.

10. In accordance to the patent claim 1. to 5., the operation is enabled by opening the angle of the regulator (20) of the water (6) flow, which operates by means of a bar (62) and an electric motor (61), a housing (60) equipped with necessary equipment and is filled with trapped air (7) under pressure, where it allows the water (6) to controlling^ move in the direction of the turbine pipe (29) or to hermetically seal when the water (6) accumulates to the required water slowdown "H" (23), with arr additional solution of the controller which runs as an adjustable plate with the help of an exchanger or hydraulics.

11. In accordance to the patent claims 1. to 4., where below the water level (4) is positioned a reducer (54) with the generator (55) for generating electricity, at a place of the generator housing (53) which is equipped with the necessary equipment and filled with trapped air (25).

12. In accordance to the patent claims 1. to 4., where at any place on the cascading hydroelectric power plant, it is positioned an additional solution for the reducer unit with the generator, directly to the drive shaft (50) which is utilizing the water flow within the turbine pipe (29).

13. In accordance to the patent claims 1. to 4., where a barrier (19) is placed on a cascading turbine (10) with the help of an axle (67), the position of the pinion lath (64) through which the sprockets (66) move the barrier (19) with the aid of the electric motor (63) with reducer and a lifting force with an air (7) under pressure, and in the position of the movable barrier support (65).

14. In accordance to the patent claim 1., where the position of the cascading hydropower plant located in the river bed has an additional function, the amelioration of the coastline (2) soil and the defense against flooding, drainage or irrigation, prevents the formation of a level (18) of a thousand years of water (6) which immediately flows out of the swamp region through a series of water overflows (27), at a rate several times greater than the speed of the current water (6) flow in the river bed.

15. In accordance to the patent claims 1. to 14., where the cascading hydroelectric power plant operates with the help of sensors, sonars, necessary accessories, video surveillance, other devices related to existing and developing technology, with the necessary software development that enables automatic remote controlling of the operations of the hydroelectric power plants, all followed through signaling/sensors (69), data transmission via satellite, and with the operation of innovative fish containers for free passage of fish.

16. According to the patent claim 1., where the position of the drive (50) and the auxiliary (51) shaft is provided on the structure (11) of the turbine with the enclosures, where on them are sprockets (56) placed through which they are tightened and automatically adjusted (36) chains (57), in order to equally accept the mechanical energy obtained by the operation of the turbine paddles (38).