WO2019102711A1 - Filter, diaphragm filtration device, and filtration method using filter - Google Patents

Filter, diaphragm filtration device, and filtration method using filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019102711A1
WO2019102711A1 PCT/JP2018/035993 JP2018035993W WO2019102711A1 WO 2019102711 A1 WO2019102711 A1 WO 2019102711A1 JP 2018035993 W JP2018035993 W JP 2018035993W WO 2019102711 A1 WO2019102711 A1 WO 2019102711A1
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Prior art keywords
filtration
filter
water
filtered water
backwashing
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PCT/JP2018/035993
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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具視 佐尾
角川　功明
加藤　康弘
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メタウォーター株式会社
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter, a membrane filtration apparatus, and a filtration method using the filter. More specifically, the present invention relates to a filter, a membrane filtration apparatus, and a filtration method using the filter, which can improve the amount of filtered water per unit time from the start of filtration to a predetermined time.
  • a filtration apparatus is used as an apparatus for treating river water and ground water, clarifying industrial water, treating drainage and sewage, and desalinizing seawater (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the present inventors obtained the finding that in membrane filtration, the removal rate of virus is low at the initial stage of filtration, and the removal rate becomes stable (increases) as filtration is continued. The And it turned out that the fall of the removal rate of this virus has arisen, also when filtering after a backwashing and chemical
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems. That is, in the present invention, in addition to the filtered water outlet from which the filtered water is discharged, the initial filtered water (filtered water for several minutes immediately after the start of the filtration step) and / or the washing water remaining on the secondary side after backwashing It was completed by finding that it is possible to shorten the time until the filtered water from which the virus has been sufficiently removed can be obtained after the start of filtration, by further providing a drainage port at the bottom of the filter to drain water. It is a thing.
  • a filter there are provided a filter, a membrane filtration apparatus, and a filtration method using the filter as described below.
  • a vertical filter having a filtration membrane and a storage container for storing the filtration membrane,
  • the filter has a filtered water outlet at the upper part of the storage container for discharging filtered water, and further has a drain at the lower part of the storage container for draining at least the initial filtered water.
  • the drainage port communicates the space on the secondary side of the filtration device with the outside.
  • the backwashing is draining backwashing, The filtration method as described in said [6] which drains the said initial stage filtered water from the said drainage port after completion
  • the backwashing is draining backwashing, The filtration method as described in said [6] which drains the said initial stage filtered water from the said drainage port after completion
  • the filter, the membrane filtration apparatus, and the filtration method of the present invention after the start of filtration, the time until the filtered water from which the virus is sufficiently removed is shortened, and the recovery rate of the filtered water per unit time is increased. It produces an effect of improving.
  • the steps from backwashing to filtration are usually performed as follows. For example, when draining and backwashing, after performing backwashing (indicated by (A) in FIG. 6), water in the space X on the primary side of the filter 20 is removed (by (B) in FIG. 6) Show), draining backwashing is finished. Then, a water filling process on the primary side is performed (indicated by (C) in FIG. 6). Thereafter, when filtration is started, filtered water 40 is accumulated in the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20. Thereafter, the filtrate water discharge port 31 of the membrane filtration apparatus is opened to start normal filtration (indicated by (D) in FIG. 6).
  • the virus removal rate In such a conventional membrane filtration apparatus, it takes time for the virus removal rate to reach a certain value at the initial stage of filtration. The cause is that the removal rate of virus is low at the initial stage of filtration, and then the removal rate of virus becomes stable (increases) as membrane filtration is continued.
  • the conventional membrane filtration apparatus can not sequentially push the filtered water (filtered water with a low removal rate of virus) already existing in the space on the secondary side out of the filter because of its structure. That is, in the conventional membrane filtration apparatus, filtered water having a low virus removal rate is mixed with filtered water having a higher virus removal rate obtained in the subsequent process in the filter, and the virus concentration is diluted. Membrane filtration will proceed while being done. This is the same even when backwashing is usually performed.
  • the present invention solves the problems of the conventional membrane filtration apparatus, and will be specifically described below.
  • FIG. 1 is explanatory drawing which shows typically one Embodiment of the membrane filtration apparatus of this invention provided with the filter of this invention.
  • the membrane filtration apparatus 100 of the present embodiment filters the raw water supplied from the raw water tank 10 through the raw water pump 12 with the filtration membrane 20a and filters it. And a vertical filter 20 for obtaining water.
  • the membrane filtration apparatus 100 includes a filtered water discharge port 31 connected to the filtered water discharge port 21 of the filter 20, a drainage lower port 32 connected to the drainage port 22 of the filter 20, and a drainage lower port 32. And opening and closing means 35 for opening and closing at a predetermined time.
  • the membrane filtration apparatus 100 includes backwashing means (washing water tank 16, washing water pump, etc.) for washing (specifically, backwashing (ie, backwashing)) the filtration membrane 20a of the filter 20. Is preferred.
  • Raw water is a target of water treatment in various water treatments such as clean water treatment, sewage treatment, industrial water treatment, waste water treatment, and contains a virus. In sewage treatment etc., this raw water may contain pollutants etc. in addition to viruses.
  • the filter 20 is a vertical filter having a filtration membrane 20a and a storage container 20b for storing the filtration membrane 20a. And this filter 20 has the filtered water discharge port 21 by which filtered water is discharged in the upper part of the storage container 20b, and also the secondary side after initial filtration water and / or backwashing in the lower part of the storage container 20b. The washing water remaining in the space Y of the water outlet 22 is drained. The drainage port 22 communicates the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 with the outside.
  • “initial filtration water” is the water which passed the filtration membrane in the filtration initial stage.
  • the filtration initial stage refers to a period from the end of backwashing to a predetermined time (when the virus removal rate is stabilized).
  • the “vertical filter” includes a storage container and a column-shaped filtration membrane stored in the storage container, and the column-shaped filtration membrane has one end surface located below and the other end surface Is a filter that has a structure such that it is housed in the above-mentioned storage container so that it is located above.
  • the above-mentioned filtration membrane has a porous partition which divides and forms a plurality of cells which are a channel of raw water.
  • the shape of the columnar filtration membrane is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cylindrical and elliptical columnar.
  • the filtration membrane 20a is preferably made of ceramic. If it is made of ceramics, the back pressure applied to the filtration membrane at the time of filtration can be increased, and the amount of filtration processing per unit time can be increased.
  • Ceramic filtration membrane 20a examples include those made of alumina, titania, zirconia, silica, mullite, spinel, a mixture of these, and the like.
  • the "backwashing” may be either backwashing or draining backwashing.
  • Normal backwashing refers to a backwashing operation in which the backwashing is finished when the washing water is drained. That is, after the flush water has been flushed, the backwash operation is continuously performed in which the gas is not supplied to the space on the secondary side of the filter.
  • Draining backwashing means that after the washing water has been flushed, gas is continuously supplied to the space on the secondary side of the filter, and the washing water is supplied from the space on the secondary side to the space on the primary side. This refers to a backwashing operation having a step of extruding to make the secondary space free of washing water.
  • the space on the secondary side of the filter refers to the area on the side to which the filtered water is discharged among the areas separated by the filtration membrane of the filter.
  • the area to which the raw water is supplied is referred to as "the space on the primary side of the filter”.
  • the position where the drainage port 22 is formed is not particularly limited as long as it is a lower part of the storage container 20b and is a position where the initial filtered water and / or the washing water remaining in the space Y on the secondary side after the backwashing is drained. .
  • the drainage port 22 is preferably formed in the bottom 25 of the bottomed storage container 20b.
  • the drain 22 may be formed in the lower part of the side surface of the storage container 20b.
  • the number of drainage ports 22 is not limited to one, and a plurality of drainage ports can be provided.
  • the filtered water discharge port 31 is connected to the filtered water discharge port 21 and is a flow path for discharging the filtered water.
  • the lower drainage port 32 is connected to the drainage port 22 and is open at the initial stage of filtration, and is a flow path for discharging the initial filtered water and the washing water present in the space Y on the secondary side.
  • the number of lower drainage ports 32 is not limited to one, and may be plural.
  • the opening / closing means 35 opens / closes the lower drainage port 32 at a predetermined time (that is, at a desired timing), and a conventionally known opening / closing valve or the like can be used.
  • the filtration method of the present invention is a filtration method using the membrane filtration apparatus of the present invention provided with the filter of the present invention, wherein the initial filtered water and / or the washing water remaining on the secondary side after backwashing is drained from the drainage port. How to Thus, it is preferable to drain the initial filtered water and / or washing water from the outlet of the filter so that no water remains in the space on the secondary side of the filter.
  • the water filling process on the secondary side may be adopted after the water filling process on the primary side.
  • the "primary side water-filling step” is a step of discharging water (washing water) present in the space on the primary side of the filter after backwashing, and thereafter filling the space on the primary side with raw water.
  • the time required for the primary side water filling step is usually 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
  • the “secondary side water-filling step” is a step of filling the secondary side space from which water has been exhausted by draining and backwashing with the filtered water flowing out from the filtration membrane.
  • Second embodiment First, as a first method, usually backwashing is performed, and then, after the end of backwashing to the initial stage of filtration, initial filtered water and / or washing water remaining in the secondary side space after backwashing is drained. The method of draining from
  • the drainage lower port 32 is opened by the opening / closing means 35, and the cleaning water present in the space Y on the secondary side from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 is Drain (shown by (B) in FIG. 3). Thereafter, the lower drainage port 32 is closed to perform the primary side water filling process (shown by (C) in FIG. 3). Thereafter, filtration is performed in a state where the lower drainage port 32 is opened, and the initial filtered water is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (D) in FIG. 3).
  • the drainage lower port 32 is closed at a predetermined time (indicated by (E) in FIG. 3), and normal filtration is started (indicated by (F) in FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 3 when the opening / closing means 35 is painted black, the opening / closing means 35 is open, the lower drainage port 32 is open, and when the opening / closing means 35 is painted white, The opening / closing means 35 is closed, and the lower drainage port 32 is closed.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 the same applies to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the filtered water 40 filtered to the space on the secondary side immediately after shifting to the filtration step is a virus. Concentration is high.
  • the initial filtered water with a low virus removal rate is drained from the filter 20 by the drainage lower port 32 as described above, it is not necessary to dilute the virus concentration as in the prior art. As a result, in the present invention, the time to obtain filtered water with a high virus removal rate becomes short.
  • the timing at which the lower drainage port 32 is opened is not limited to the end of the backwash, but may be after the end of the primary filling process (timing at the initial stage of filtration).
  • Frtration method second embodiment
  • a second method there may be mentioned a method of draining and backwashing, and thereafter draining the initial filtered water from the drainage port after the completion of the primary side water filling step.
  • "after the completion of the primary side water filling process” means that it is from the completion time of the primary side water filling process to the completion time (predetermined time) of the initial stage of filtration.
  • the second method can further shorten the filtration time since the time for discharging the washing water in the space on the secondary side is unnecessary.
  • the second method will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the washing water is pushed out from the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 to the space X on the primary side by air (water draining backwashing (in FIG. 4) (B))).
  • the primary side water-filling step is performed while maintaining the state in which the lower drainage port 32 is closed by the opening and closing means 35 (indicated by (C) in FIG. 4).
  • the drainage lower port 32 is opened by the opening / closing means 35, and filtration is performed in that state, and the initial filtration water is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (D) in FIG. 4).
  • the drainage lower port 32 is closed by the opening / closing means 35 at a predetermined time (indicated by (E) in FIG. 4), and normal filtration is started (indicated by (F) in FIG. 4).
  • a third method there may be mentioned a method of draining and backwashing, and thereafter draining the initial filtered water from the drainage port after the completion of the secondary side water filling step.
  • "after the completion of the water filling process on the secondary side” means that it is between the end of the water filling process on the secondary side and the end of the initial filtration (predetermined time).
  • the secondary side is filled with water, and once the secondary side space is filled with the filtered water, the filtered water is drained from the drainage port.
  • This treatment makes it possible to wash away the virus adhering to the surface of the secondary side of the filtration membrane. That is, since the concentration of virus can be lowered usually from the first stage of filtration, the removal rate of virus can usually be made higher from the first stage of filtration.
  • the third method will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the washing water is pushed out by the air from the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 to the space X on the primary side (Drainage backwashing (in FIG. 5) (B))).
  • the primary side watering step is performed (indicated by (C) in FIG. 5), and the secondary side watering step is subsequently performed (FIG. Indicated by (D) in 5).
  • the drainage lower port 32 is opened by the opening / closing means 35, and all the filtered water in the space on the secondary side is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (E) in FIG. ). Thereafter, filtration is performed in a state where the lower drainage port 32 is opened, and the filtered water present in the space Y on the secondary side is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (F) in FIG. 5). Then, the drainage lower port 32 is closed by the opening / closing means 35 at a predetermined time (indicated by (G) in FIG. 5), and normal filtration is started (indicated by (H) in FIG. 5).
  • Example 1 The filtration according to the first method was performed using the membrane filtration apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 1 (see FIG. 3). Specifically, after backwashing, the primary side water-filling step is performed, and then the filtered water discharge port 31 and the drainage lower port 32 are opened, and the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 from the drainage lower port 32 Drained the wash water and the initial filtered water present in the Thereafter, the drainage lower port 32 was closed by the opening / closing means 35 at a predetermined time (specifically, one minute after the end of the primary side water filling process). The water drained from the lower drain port 32 was returned to the raw water tank 10.
  • Example 2 The filtration by a 2nd method was performed using the membrane filtration apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 1 (refer FIG. 4). Specifically, after draining and backwashing, the primary side water-filling step was performed, and then the filtered water discharge port 31 and the lower drainage port 32 were opened to drain the initial filtered water from the lower drainage port 32. Thereafter, the lower drain port 32 was closed at a predetermined time (specifically, one minute after the end of the primary side water filling process). The water drained from the lower drain port 32 was returned to the raw water tank 10.
  • Example 3 The filtration according to the third method was performed using the membrane filtration apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 1 (see FIG. 5). Specifically, after draining and backwashing, the primary side water filling step is performed, and then the filtered water discharge port 31 is opened, and the filtered water is discharged from the filtered water discharge port 31 (secondary water filling step (At the end of the Thereafter, the lower drainage port 32 was opened, and the filtered water present in the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 was drained. Thereafter, the lower drainage port 32 was closed to resume filtration. The water drained from the lower drain port 32 was returned to the raw water tank 10.
  • the virus removal rate (LRV) was low for 30 minutes after the start of filtration. In other words, 30 minutes from the start of filtration is not in a state that can be sufficiently adopted as filtered water, and in this comparative example, a long time is required to obtain filtered water from which virus has been sufficiently removed after filtration is started Met.
  • LRV indicates a Log Reduction Value (log reduction value)
  • TMP indicates a Trans Membrane Pressure (inter-membrane differential pressure).
  • the filter of the present invention (and the membrane filtration apparatus provided with the same) will have a short time until the filtered water from which the virus has been sufficiently removed is obtained after the start of filtration. .
  • the time until the filtered water from which the virus has been sufficiently removed can be shortened after the start of filtration.
  • the filter of the present invention can be employed as a filter for treating raw water containing virus such as treated sewage.
  • the membrane filtration apparatus of the present invention can be employed as a membrane filtration apparatus for treating raw water containing a virus such as treated sewage.
  • the filtration method of the present invention can be adopted as a method of treating raw water containing a virus such as treated sewage.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

Provided is a filter configured to reduce the time until filtered water, obtained by sufficiently removing virus, is obtained after the start of filtration. A vertical filter 20 has a filtration membrane 20a and a holding container 20b which holds the filtration membrane 20a. The vertical filter 20 has, at the upper part of the holding container 20b, a filtered-water discharge opening 21 for discharging filtered water, and also has, at the lower part of the holding container 20b, a water discharge opening 22 for discharging initially filtered water and/or cleaning water remaining on the secondary side after backwashing. The water discharge opening 22 provides communication between the secondary-side space Y of the filter 20 and the outside.

Description

ろ過器、膜ろ過装置、及びろ過器を用いたろ過方法FILTER, MEMBRANE FILTER, AND FILTERING METHOD USING FILTER
　本発明は、ろ過器、膜ろ過装置、及びろ過器を用いたろ過方法に関する。更に詳しくは、ろ過開始時から所定時間までの間の単位時間当たりのろ過水量を向上させることができるろ過器、膜ろ過装置、及びろ過器を用いたろ過方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a filter, a membrane filtration apparatus, and a filtration method using the filter. More specifically, the present invention relates to a filter, a membrane filtration apparatus, and a filtration method using the filter, which can improve the amount of filtered water per unit time from the start of filtration to a predetermined time.
　従来、河川水及び地下水の除濁、工業用水の清澄、排水及び汚水の処理、海水の淡水化の処理をする装置としてろ過装置が用いられている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a filtration apparatus is used as an apparatus for treating river water and ground water, clarifying industrial water, treating drainage and sewage, and desalinizing seawater (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
　近年、都市域または渇水地域において、排水及び汚水（排水等）を処理して得られた水（以下、「再生水」という）を利用する事例が増えてきており、こうした再生水中のウイルスの漏洩リスクについて、議論が始まっている。その中で、再生水の衛生学的な安全性を担保する観点から、排水等を処理する水処理工程で排水等中のウイルスの除去を担保し、再生水中にウイルスが漏洩するリスク（漏洩リスク）を低減することが重要となってきている。 In recent years, in urban areas or drought areas, the use of water (hereinafter referred to as "reclaimed water") obtained by treating drainage and sewage (wastewater etc.) is increasing, and the risk of virus leakage in such reclaimed water The debate has begun. Among them, from the viewpoint of securing the hygienic safety of the reclaimed water, secure the removal of the virus in the wastewater etc. in the water treatment process of treating the wastewater etc., and the risk that the virus leaks into the reclaimed water (leakage risk) It has become important to reduce
特開２０１５－２１７３３６号公報JP, 2015-217336, A
　ここで、本発明者らは、実験の結果、膜ろ過では、ろ過初期にウイルスの除去率が低くなっており、ろ過を継続していくにつれて除去率が安定する（高くなる）という知見を得た。そして、このウイルスの除去率の低下は、新品のろ過膜を最初に使用するとき、更に、逆洗や薬品洗浄後にろ過を行うときのいずれの場合でも生じていることが分かった。 Here, as a result of experiments, the present inventors obtained the finding that in membrane filtration, the removal rate of virus is low at the initial stage of filtration, and the removal rate becomes stable (increases) as filtration is continued. The And it turned out that the fall of the removal rate of this virus has arisen, also when filtering after a backwashing and chemical | medical agent washing, when using a new filter membrane initially.
　そのため、再生水の安全性を担保するためには、ウイルスの除去率が低いろ過初期のろ過水は捨てる（即ち、その間のろ過水は前工程に戻すなどして、ろ過水として使用しない）必要があるが、特に縦型のろ過器では、ろ過水を捨てる時間が長い（例えば、３０分程度）という問題がある。つまり、ろ過開始後、ウイルスが十分に除去されたろ過水を得るには時間がかかっていた。 Therefore, in order to secure the safety of the reclaimed water, it is necessary to discard the filtered water at the initial stage of filtration, which has a low virus removal rate (ie, not use it as filtered water by returning the filtered water to the previous step) In particular, in vertical filters, there is a problem that the time to discard the filtered water is long (for example, about 30 minutes). That is, after the start of filtration, it took time to obtain filtered water from which the virus was sufficiently removed.
　本発明はこのような問題に鑑みてなされたものである。即ち、本発明は、ろ過水が排出されるろ過水排出口以外に、初期ろ過水（ろ過工程開始直後から数分後までのろ過水）及び／又は逆洗後に二次側に残った洗浄水が排水される排水口をろ過器の下部に更に設けることによって、ろ過開始後、ウイルスが十分に除去されたろ過水が得られるまでの時間を短くすることができることを見出したことで完成されたものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems. That is, in the present invention, in addition to the filtered water outlet from which the filtered water is discharged, the initial filtered water (filtered water for several minutes immediately after the start of the filtration step) and / or the washing water remaining on the secondary side after backwashing It was completed by finding that it is possible to shorten the time until the filtered water from which the virus has been sufficiently removed can be obtained after the start of filtration, by further providing a drainage port at the bottom of the filter to drain water. It is a thing.
　本発明によれば、以下に示す、ろ過器、膜ろ過装置、及びろ過器を用いたろ過方法が提供される。 According to the present invention, there are provided a filter, a membrane filtration apparatus, and a filtration method using the filter as described below.
［１］　ろ過膜と前記ろ過膜を収納する収納容器とを有する縦型のろ過器であって、
　前記収納容器の上部にろ過水が排出されるろ過水排出口を有し、更に、前記収納容器の下部に、少なくとも初期ろ過水が排水される排水口を有しており、
　前記排水口は、前記ろ過器の二次側の空間と外部とを連通するものである、ろ過器。 [1] A vertical filter having a filtration membrane and a storage container for storing the filtration membrane,
The filter has a filtered water outlet at the upper part of the storage container for discharging filtered water, and further has a drain at the lower part of the storage container for draining at least the initial filtered water.
The drainage port communicates the space on the secondary side of the filtration device with the outside.
［２］　前記収納容器は、有底状のものであって、前記排水口は、有底状の前記収納容器の底部に形成されている前記［１］に記載のろ過器。 [2] The filter according to [1], wherein the storage container is a bottomed one, and the drainage port is formed at the bottom of the bottomed storage container.
［３］　前記［１］または［２］に記載のろ過器と、
　前記ろ過器の前記ろ過水排出口に接続されるろ過水排出ポートと、
　前記ろ過器の前記排水口に接続される排水下部ポートと、
　前記排水下部ポートを所定の時期に開閉する開閉手段と、を備える、膜ろ過装置。 [3] The filter according to [1] or [2],
A filtered water discharge port connected to the filtered water outlet of the filter;
A lower drainage port connected to the outlet of the filter;
And a switching means for opening and closing the drainage lower port at a predetermined time.
［４］　更に、前記ろ過器の前記ろ過膜を洗浄するための逆洗手段を備える前記［３］に記載の膜ろ過装置。 [4] The membrane filtration device according to the above [3], further comprising a backwashing means for washing the filtration membrane of the filter.
［５］　前記［１］または［２］に記載のろ過器を用いたろ過方法であって、
　少なくとも前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水するろ過方法。 [5] A filtration method using the filter according to the above [1] or [2], wherein
The filtration method which drains at least the said initial stage filtered water from the said drainage port.
［６］　前記逆洗の終了時からろ過初期の間で、少なくとも前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水する前記［５］に記載のろ過方法。 [6] The filtration method according to the above [5], wherein at least the initial filtered water is drained from the drainage port between the end of the backwashing and the initial stage of filtration.
［７］　前記逆洗が、水切り逆洗であり、
　一次側の水張り工程の終了後に、前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水する前記［６］に記載のろ過方法。 [7] The backwashing is draining backwashing,
The filtration method as described in said [6] which drains the said initial stage filtered water from the said drainage port after completion | finish of the water filling process of a primary side.
［８］　前記逆洗が、水切り逆洗であり、
　二次側の水張り工程の終了後に、前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水する前記［６］に記載のろ過方法。 [8] The backwashing is draining backwashing,
The filtration method as described in said [6] which drains the said initial stage filtered water from the said drainage port after completion | finish of the water filling process of the secondary side.
　本発明のろ過器、膜ろ過装置、及びろ過方法によれば、ろ過開始後、ウイルスが十分に除去されたろ過水が得られるまでの時間が短くなり、単位時間当たりのろ過水の回収率が向上するという効果を奏する。 According to the filter, the membrane filtration apparatus, and the filtration method of the present invention, after the start of filtration, the time until the filtered water from which the virus is sufficiently removed is shortened, and the recovery rate of the filtered water per unit time is increased. It produces an effect of improving.
本発明のろ過器を備える本発明の膜ろ過装置の一の実施形態を模式的に示す説明図である。It is an explanatory view showing typically one embodiment of a membrane filtration device of the present invention provided with a filter of the present invention. 従来のろ過器を用いた場合におけるろ過時間とろ過水中のウイルス濃度との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the filtration time in the case of using the conventional filter, and the virus concentration in filtered water. 本発明のろ過方法の一の実施形態におけるろ過工程を模式的に説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates typically the filtration process in one Embodiment of the filtration method of this invention. 本発明のろ過方法の他の実施形態におけるろ過工程を模式的に説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates typically the filtration process in other embodiment of the filtration method of this invention. 本発明のろ過方法の更に他の実施形態におけるろ過工程を模式的に説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates typically the filtration process in further another embodiment of the filtration method of this invention. 従来のろ過方法におけるろ過工程を模式的に説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the filtration process in the conventional filtration method typically.
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。本発明は以下の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、当業者の通常の知識に基づいて、以下の実施の形態に対し適宜変更、改良等が加えられたものも本発明の範囲に入ることが理解されるべきである。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and appropriate changes, improvements, etc. can be added to the following embodiments based on the ordinary knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that what has been described is also within the scope of the present invention.
　まず、縦型のろ過器を備える従来の膜ろ過装置では、通常、以下のようにして逆洗後からろ過までの工程が行われている。例えば、水切り逆洗を行う場合には、逆洗（図６中の（Ａ）で示す）をした後に、ろ過器２０の一次側の空間Ｘの水を抜き（図６中の（Ｂ）で示す）、水切り逆洗が終了する。そして、一次側の水張り工程を行う（図６中の（Ｃ）で示す）。その後、ろ過を開始すると、ろ過器２０の二次側の空間Ｙにろ過水４０が溜まる。その後、膜ろ過装置のろ過水排出ポート３１を開放して通常ろ過を開始する（図６中の（Ｄ）で示す）。 First, in the conventional membrane filtration apparatus provided with a vertical filter, the steps from backwashing to filtration are usually performed as follows. For example, when draining and backwashing, after performing backwashing (indicated by (A) in FIG. 6), water in the space X on the primary side of the filter 20 is removed (by (B) in FIG. 6) Show), draining backwashing is finished. Then, a water filling process on the primary side is performed (indicated by (C) in FIG. 6). Thereafter, when filtration is started, filtered water 40 is accumulated in the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20. Thereafter, the filtrate water discharge port 31 of the membrane filtration apparatus is opened to start normal filtration (indicated by (D) in FIG. 6).
　このような従来の膜ろ過装置では、ろ過初期において、ウイルスの除去率が一定の値に到達するまでに時間が掛かっていた。その原因としては、ろ過初期ではウイルスの除去率が低く、その後、膜ろ過を継続していくにつれてウイルスの除去率が安定する（高くなる）ことが挙げられる。従来の膜ろ過装置は、その構造上、二次側の空間に既に存在するろ過水（ウイルスの除去率が低いろ過水）を順次ろ過器の外に押し出していくことができない。つまり、従来の膜ろ過装置では、ウイルスの除去率が低いろ過水が、その後に得られるこれよりウイルスの除去率が高いろ過水とろ過器内で混ざり合ってしまうことになり、ウイルス濃度が希釈されながら膜ろ過が進むことになる。これは、通常逆洗を行う場合でも、同様である。 In such a conventional membrane filtration apparatus, it takes time for the virus removal rate to reach a certain value at the initial stage of filtration. The cause is that the removal rate of virus is low at the initial stage of filtration, and then the removal rate of virus becomes stable (increases) as membrane filtration is continued. The conventional membrane filtration apparatus can not sequentially push the filtered water (filtered water with a low removal rate of virus) already existing in the space on the secondary side out of the filter because of its structure. That is, in the conventional membrane filtration apparatus, filtered water having a low virus removal rate is mixed with filtered water having a higher virus removal rate obtained in the subsequent process in the filter, and the virus concentration is diluted. Membrane filtration will proceed while being done. This is the same even when backwashing is usually performed.
　本発明は、この従来の膜ろ過装置の課題を解決したものであり、以下に具体的に説明する。 The present invention solves the problems of the conventional membrane filtration apparatus, and will be specifically described below.
（１）膜ろ過装置：
　図１は、本発明のろ過器を備える本発明の膜ろ過装置の一の実施形態を模式的に示す説明図である。図１に示すように、本実施形態の膜ろ過装置１００は、原水を貯留する原水槽１０と、この原水槽１０から原水ポンプ１２を介して供給される原水をろ過膜２０ａでろ過してろ過水を得る縦型のろ過器２０と、を備えている。更に、この膜ろ過装置１００は、ろ過器２０のろ過水排出口２１に接続されるろ過水排出ポート３１と、ろ過器２０の排水口２２に接続される排水下部ポート３２と、排水下部ポート３２を所定の時期に開閉する開閉手段３５と、を備えている。また、膜ろ過装置１００は、ろ過器２０のろ過膜２０ａを洗浄（具体的には逆流洗浄（すなわち、逆洗））するための逆洗手段（洗浄水槽１６、洗浄水ポンプ等）を備えることが好ましい。 (1) Membrane filtration device:
FIG. 1: is explanatory drawing which shows typically one Embodiment of the membrane filtration apparatus of this invention provided with the filter of this invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the membrane filtration apparatus 100 of the present embodiment filters the raw water supplied from the raw water tank 10 through the raw water pump 12 with the filtration membrane 20a and filters it. And a vertical filter 20 for obtaining water. Furthermore, the membrane filtration apparatus 100 includes a filtered water discharge port 31 connected to the filtered water discharge port 21 of the filter 20, a drainage lower port 32 connected to the drainage port 22 of the filter 20, and a drainage lower port 32. And opening and closing means 35 for opening and closing at a predetermined time. In addition, the membrane filtration apparatus 100 includes backwashing means (washing water tank 16, washing water pump, etc.) for washing (specifically, backwashing (ie, backwashing)) the filtration membrane 20a of the filter 20. Is preferred.
　「原水」は、上水処理、下水処理、工業用水処理、排水処理などの各種水処理において、水処理の対象となるものであって、ウイルスを含むものである。下水処理などにおいては、この原水には、ウイルス以外に、汚濁物質などが含まれることがある。 "Raw water" is a target of water treatment in various water treatments such as clean water treatment, sewage treatment, industrial water treatment, waste water treatment, and contains a virus. In sewage treatment etc., this raw water may contain pollutants etc. in addition to viruses.
（１－１）ろ過器：
　ろ過器２０は、ろ過膜２０ａとこのろ過膜２０ａを収納する収納容器２０ｂとを有する縦型のろ過器である。そして、このろ過器２０は、収納容器２０ｂの上部にろ過水が排出されるろ過水排出口２１を有し、更に、収納容器２０ｂの下部に、初期ろ過水及び／又は逆洗後に二次側の空間Ｙに残った洗浄水が排水される排水口２２を有している。この排水口２２は、ろ過器２０の二次側の空間Ｙと外部とを連通するものである。なお、「初期ろ過水」は、ろ過初期にろ過膜を通過した水のことである。また、「ろ過初期」は、逆洗の終了時から所定の時（ウイルスの除去率が安定する時）までの期間をいう。 (1-1) Filter:
The filter 20 is a vertical filter having a filtration membrane 20a and a storage container 20b for storing the filtration membrane 20a. And this filter 20 has the filtered water discharge port 21 by which filtered water is discharged in the upper part of the storage container 20b, and also the secondary side after initial filtration water and / or backwashing in the lower part of the storage container 20b. The washing water remaining in the space Y of the water outlet 22 is drained. The drainage port 22 communicates the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 with the outside. In addition, "initial filtration water" is the water which passed the filtration membrane in the filtration initial stage. Moreover, "the filtration initial stage" refers to a period from the end of backwashing to a predetermined time (when the virus removal rate is stabilized).
　「縦型のろ過器」とは、収納容器と、この収納容器に収納された柱状のろ過膜とを、備え、この柱状のろ過膜が、その一方の端面が下方に位置し、他方の端面が上方に位置するように、上記収納容器内に収納されているような構造を有するろ過器のことである。上記ろ過膜は、原水の流路である複数のセルを区画形成する多孔質の隔壁を有している。この柱状のろ過膜の形状は、特に制限はなく、円柱状、楕円柱状などを挙げることができる。 The “vertical filter” includes a storage container and a column-shaped filtration membrane stored in the storage container, and the column-shaped filtration membrane has one end surface located below and the other end surface Is a filter that has a structure such that it is housed in the above-mentioned storage container so that it is located above. The above-mentioned filtration membrane has a porous partition which divides and forms a plurality of cells which are a channel of raw water. The shape of the columnar filtration membrane is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cylindrical and elliptical columnar.
　ろ過膜２０ａは、セラミックス製であることが好ましい。セラミックス製であると、ろ過時におけるろ過膜にかかる背圧を大きくすることができ、単位時間当たりのろ過処理量を増加させることができる。 The filtration membrane 20a is preferably made of ceramic. If it is made of ceramics, the back pressure applied to the filtration membrane at the time of filtration can be increased, and the amount of filtration processing per unit time can be increased.
　セラミックス製のろ過膜２０ａとしては、例えば、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、シリカ、ムライト、スピネル、これらの混合物などからなるものを挙げることができる。 Examples of the ceramic filtration membrane 20a include those made of alumina, titania, zirconia, silica, mullite, spinel, a mixture of these, and the like.
　「逆洗」は、通常逆洗及び水切り逆洗のいずれであってもよい。「通常逆洗」とは、洗浄水を流し終えた時点で逆洗を終了する逆洗操作をいう。つまり、洗浄水を流し終えた後、続けて、ろ過器の二次側の空間にガスの供給を行わない逆洗操作をいう。また、「水切り逆洗」とは、洗浄水を流し終えた後、続けて、ろ過器の二次側の空間にガスを供給し、この二次側の空間から一次側の空間へ洗浄水を押し出して二次側の空間に洗浄水が無い状態とする工程を有する逆洗操作をいう。 The "backwashing" may be either backwashing or draining backwashing. "Normal backwashing" refers to a backwashing operation in which the backwashing is finished when the washing water is drained. That is, after the flush water has been flushed, the backwash operation is continuously performed in which the gas is not supplied to the space on the secondary side of the filter. In addition, “Draining backwashing” means that after the washing water has been flushed, gas is continuously supplied to the space on the secondary side of the filter, and the washing water is supplied from the space on the secondary side to the space on the primary side. This refers to a backwashing operation having a step of extruding to make the secondary space free of washing water.
　「ろ過器の二次側の空間」は、ろ過器のろ過膜で区切られた領域のうち、ろ過水が排出される側の領域のことをいう。一方、ろ過器のろ過膜で区切られた領域のうち、原水が供給される側の領域のことを「ろ過器の一次側の空間」という。 "The space on the secondary side of the filter" refers to the area on the side to which the filtered water is discharged among the areas separated by the filtration membrane of the filter. On the other hand, in the area divided by the filtration membrane of the filter, the area to which the raw water is supplied is referred to as "the space on the primary side of the filter".
　排水口２２を形成する位置は、収納容器２０ｂの下部であって、初期ろ過水及び／又は逆洗後に二次側の空間Ｙに残った洗浄水が排水される位置であれば特に制限はない。収納容器２０ｂが有底状のものである場合には、排水口２２は、有底状の収納容器２０ｂの底部２５に形成されることが好ましい。或いは、排水口２２は、収納容器２０ｂの側面の下部に形成されてもよい。このような位置に排水口２２を形成することによって、二次側の空間Ｙに残る初期ろ過水及び洗浄水の量をより少なくすることができ、ろ過開始後、ウイルスが十分に除去されたろ過水が得られるまでの時間をより短くすることができる。なお、排水口２２の数は、１つに限らず複数設けることができる。 The position where the drainage port 22 is formed is not particularly limited as long as it is a lower part of the storage container 20b and is a position where the initial filtered water and / or the washing water remaining in the space Y on the secondary side after the backwashing is drained. . When the storage container 20b is a bottomed one, the drainage port 22 is preferably formed in the bottom 25 of the bottomed storage container 20b. Alternatively, the drain 22 may be formed in the lower part of the side surface of the storage container 20b. By forming the drainage port 22 at such a position, the amount of the initial filtered water and washing water remaining in the space Y on the secondary side can be reduced, and after the start of filtration, the filter is sufficiently removed of the virus The time until water is obtained can be made shorter. The number of drainage ports 22 is not limited to one, and a plurality of drainage ports can be provided.
（１－２）その他の構成：
　ろ過水排出ポート３１は、ろ過水排出口２１に接続され、ろ過水が排出されるための流路である。 (1-2) Other configurations:
The filtered water discharge port 31 is connected to the filtered water discharge port 21 and is a flow path for discharging the filtered water.
　排水下部ポート３２は、排水口２２に接続され、ろ過初期に開放されて、初期ろ過水や二次側の空間Ｙに存在する洗浄水を排出するための流路である。排水下部ポート３２の数は、１つに限らず複数設けることができる。 The lower drainage port 32 is connected to the drainage port 22 and is open at the initial stage of filtration, and is a flow path for discharging the initial filtered water and the washing water present in the space Y on the secondary side. The number of lower drainage ports 32 is not limited to one, and may be plural.
　開閉手段３５は、排水下部ポート３２を所定の時期に（即ち所望のタイミングで）開閉するものであり、従来公知の開閉弁などを用いることができる。 The opening / closing means 35 opens / closes the lower drainage port 32 at a predetermined time (that is, at a desired timing), and a conventionally known opening / closing valve or the like can be used.
（２）ろ過方法：
　本発明のろ過方法は、本発明のろ過器を備える本発明の膜ろ過装置を用いたろ過方法であり、初期ろ過水及び／又は逆洗後に二次側に残った洗浄水を排水口から排水する方法である。このようにろ過器の排水口から初期ろ過水及び／又は洗浄水を排水して、ろ過器の二次側の空間に水が残っていない状態とすることがよい。なお、本発明のろ過方法では、一次側の水張り工程後に二次側の水張り工程を採用してもよい。 (2) Filtration method:
The filtration method of the present invention is a filtration method using the membrane filtration apparatus of the present invention provided with the filter of the present invention, wherein the initial filtered water and / or the washing water remaining on the secondary side after backwashing is drained from the drainage port. How to Thus, it is preferable to drain the initial filtered water and / or washing water from the outlet of the filter so that no water remains in the space on the secondary side of the filter. In the filtration method of the present invention, the water filling process on the secondary side may be adopted after the water filling process on the primary side.
　「一次側の水張り工程」は、逆洗後に、ろ過器の一次側の空間に存在する水（洗浄水）を排出させ、その後、この一次側の空間に原水を満たす工程である。なお、一次側の水張り工程の所要時間は、通常、３０秒～２分である。また、「二次側の水張り工程」は、水切り逆洗によって水が無くなった二次側の空間をろ過膜から流出するろ過水で満たす工程である。 The "primary side water-filling step" is a step of discharging water (washing water) present in the space on the primary side of the filter after backwashing, and thereafter filling the space on the primary side with raw water. The time required for the primary side water filling step is usually 30 seconds to 2 minutes. Further, the “secondary side water-filling step” is a step of filling the secondary side space from which water has been exhausted by draining and backwashing with the filtered water flowing out from the filtration membrane.
　以下に、本発明のろ過方法について具体的に説明する。 Below, the filtration method of this invention is demonstrated concretely.
（ろ過方法：第１の実施形態）
　まず、第１の方法として、通常逆洗を行い、その後、逆洗の終了時からろ過初期の間で、初期ろ過水及び／又は逆洗後に二次側の空間に残った洗浄水を排水口から排水する方法を挙げることができる。 (Filtration method: first embodiment)
First, as a first method, usually backwashing is performed, and then, after the end of backwashing to the initial stage of filtration, initial filtered water and / or washing water remaining in the secondary side space after backwashing is drained. The method of draining from
　第１の方法について、図３を参照しながら説明する。通常逆洗の終了後（図３中の（Ａ）で示す）、開閉手段３５によって排水下部ポート３２を開けて、ろ過器２０の排水口２２から二次側の空間Ｙに存在する洗浄水を排水する（図３中の（Ｂ）で示す）。その後、排水下部ポート３２を閉じて一次側の水張り工程を行う（図３中の（Ｃ）で示す）。その後、排水下部ポート３２を開けた状態でろ過を行い、ろ過器２０の排水口２２から初期ろ過水を排水する（図３中の（Ｄ）で示す）。そして、所定の時に排水下部ポート３２を閉じて（図３中の（Ｅ）で示す）、通常ろ過を開始する（図３中の（Ｆ）で示す）。なお、図３中、開閉手段３５が黒く塗られている場合は、開閉手段３５が開いており、排水下部ポート３２が開いている状態を示し、開閉手段３５が白く塗られている場合は、開閉手段３５が閉じており、排水下部ポート３２が閉まっている状態を示す。図４、図５についても同様である。 The first method will be described with reference to FIG. After completion of the backwashing (shown by (A) in FIG. 3), the drainage lower port 32 is opened by the opening / closing means 35, and the cleaning water present in the space Y on the secondary side from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 is Drain (shown by (B) in FIG. 3). Thereafter, the lower drainage port 32 is closed to perform the primary side water filling process (shown by (C) in FIG. 3). Thereafter, filtration is performed in a state where the lower drainage port 32 is opened, and the initial filtered water is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (D) in FIG. 3). Then, the drainage lower port 32 is closed at a predetermined time (indicated by (E) in FIG. 3), and normal filtration is started (indicated by (F) in FIG. 3). In FIG. 3, when the opening / closing means 35 is painted black, the opening / closing means 35 is open, the lower drainage port 32 is open, and when the opening / closing means 35 is painted white, The opening / closing means 35 is closed, and the lower drainage port 32 is closed. The same applies to FIGS. 4 and 5.
　ここで、二次側の空間Ｙの水抜きを行った後（図３中の（Ｂ）で示す）、ろ過工程に移行した直後に二次側の空間へろ過されたろ過水４０は、ウイルスの濃度が高いものである。本発明では、このようにウイルス除去率の低い初期ろ過水を排水下部ポート３２によってろ過器２０から排水するため、従来のようにウイルス濃度を希釈するような必要がない。その結果、本発明では、ウイルス除去率の高いろ過水が得られるまでの時間が短くなる。 Here, after draining the space Y on the secondary side (shown by (B) in FIG. 3), the filtered water 40 filtered to the space on the secondary side immediately after shifting to the filtration step is a virus. Concentration is high. In the present invention, since the initial filtered water with a low virus removal rate is drained from the filter 20 by the drainage lower port 32 as described above, it is not necessary to dilute the virus concentration as in the prior art. As a result, in the present invention, the time to obtain filtered water with a high virus removal rate becomes short.
　なお、排水下部ポート３２を開けるタイミングは、通常逆洗の終了時に限られず、一次水張り工程の終了後（ろ過初期のタイミング）であってもよい。 The timing at which the lower drainage port 32 is opened is not limited to the end of the backwash, but may be after the end of the primary filling process (timing at the initial stage of filtration).
（ろ過方法：第２の実施形態）
　次に、第２の方法として、水切り逆洗を行い、その後、一次側の水張り工程の終了後に、初期ろ過水を排水口から排水する方法を挙げることができる。なお、「一次側の水張り工程の終了後」とは、一次側の水張り工程の終了時からろ過初期の終了時（所定の時）までの間であることを意味する。 (Filtration method: second embodiment)
Next, as a second method, there may be mentioned a method of draining and backwashing, and thereafter draining the initial filtered water from the drainage port after the completion of the primary side water filling step. In addition, "after the completion of the primary side water filling process" means that it is from the completion time of the primary side water filling process to the completion time (predetermined time) of the initial stage of filtration.
　このように水切り逆洗を採用すると、逆洗の終了時において、ろ過器の二次側の空間には水が無く、ガス（空気）が存在するだけとなるため、敢えてろ過器の二次側の空間の洗浄水を排出する操作をしなくてもよいことになる。従って、第２の方法は、二次側の空間の洗浄水を排出する時間が不要になるため、ろ過時間を更に短縮させることができる。 Thus, when the backwashing is adopted, there is no water in the space on the secondary side of the filter at the end of the backwashing, and only gas (air) exists, so the secondary side of the filter is dare There is no need to discharge the space's wash water. Therefore, the second method can further shorten the filtration time since the time for discharging the washing water in the space on the secondary side is unnecessary.
　第２の方法について、図４を参照しながら説明する。通常逆洗の終了後（図４中の（Ａ）で示す）、ろ過器２０の二次側の空間Ｙから一次側の空間Ｘへ空気によって洗浄水を押し出す（水切り逆洗（図４中の（Ｂ）で示す））。その後、排水下部ポート３２を開閉手段３５によって閉じた状態を維持しながら一次側の水張り工程を行う（図４中の（Ｃ）で示す）。その後、開閉手段３５によって排水下部ポート３２を開け、その状態でろ過を行い、ろ過器２０の排水口２２から初期ろ過水を排水する（図４中の（Ｄ）で示す）。そして、所定の時に開閉手段３５によって排水下部ポート３２を閉じて（図４中の（Ｅ）で示す）、通常ろ過を開始する（図４中の（Ｆ）で示す）。 The second method will be described with reference to FIG. After completion of the normal backwashing (shown by (A) in FIG. 4), the washing water is pushed out from the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 to the space X on the primary side by air (water draining backwashing (in FIG. 4) (B))). Thereafter, the primary side water-filling step is performed while maintaining the state in which the lower drainage port 32 is closed by the opening and closing means 35 (indicated by (C) in FIG. 4). Thereafter, the drainage lower port 32 is opened by the opening / closing means 35, and filtration is performed in that state, and the initial filtration water is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (D) in FIG. 4). Then, the drainage lower port 32 is closed by the opening / closing means 35 at a predetermined time (indicated by (E) in FIG. 4), and normal filtration is started (indicated by (F) in FIG. 4).
（ろ過方法：第３の実施形態）
　次に、第３の方法として、水切り逆洗を行い、その後、二次側の水張り工程の終了後に、初期ろ過水を排水口から排水する方法を挙げることができる。なお、「二次側の水張り工程の終了後」とは、二次側の水張り工程の終了時からろ過初期の終了時（所定の時）までの間であることを意味する。 (Filtration method: third embodiment)
Next, as a third method, there may be mentioned a method of draining and backwashing, and thereafter draining the initial filtered water from the drainage port after the completion of the secondary side water filling step. In addition, "after the completion of the water filling process on the secondary side" means that it is between the end of the water filling process on the secondary side and the end of the initial filtration (predetermined time).
　この第３の方法によれば、二次側の水張りを行って、一度、二次側の空間にろ過水を満たした状態とした後、このろ過水を排水口から排水する。この処理によって、ろ過膜の二次側の表面に付着しているウイルスを洗い流すことができる。つまり、通常ろ過の最初の段階からウイルスの濃度を低くすることができるので、通常ろ過の最初の段階からウイルスの除去率をより高い状態とすることができる。 According to the third method, the secondary side is filled with water, and once the secondary side space is filled with the filtered water, the filtered water is drained from the drainage port. This treatment makes it possible to wash away the virus adhering to the surface of the secondary side of the filtration membrane. That is, since the concentration of virus can be lowered usually from the first stage of filtration, the removal rate of virus can usually be made higher from the first stage of filtration.
　第３の方法について、図５を参照しながら説明する。通常逆洗の終了後（図５中の（Ａ）で示す）、ろ過器２０の二次側の空間Ｙから一次側の空間Ｘへ空気によって洗浄水を押し出す（水切り逆洗（図５中の（Ｂ）で示す））。その後、排水下部ポート３２を開閉手段３５によって閉じた状態を維持しながら一次側の水張り工程を行い（図５中の（Ｃ）で示す）、続けて、二次側の水張り工程を行う（図５中の（Ｄ）で示す）。その後、ろ過を一旦停止し、開閉手段３５によって排水下部ポート３２を開けてろ過器２０の排水口２２から二次側の空間内のろ過水を全て排水する（図５中の（Ｅ）で示す）。その後、排水下部ポート３２を開けた状態でろ過を行い、ろ過器２０の排水口２２から二次側の空間Ｙに存在するろ過水を排水する（図５中の（Ｆ）で示す）。そして、所定の時に開閉手段３５によって排水下部ポート３２を閉じて（図５中の（Ｇ）で示す）、通常ろ過を開始する（図５中の（Ｈ）で示す）。 The third method will be described with reference to FIG. After completion of the normal backwashing (shown by (A) in FIG. 5), the washing water is pushed out by the air from the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 to the space X on the primary side (Drainage backwashing (in FIG. 5) (B))). Thereafter, while the lower drainage port 32 is kept closed by the opening / closing means 35, the primary side watering step is performed (indicated by (C) in FIG. 5), and the secondary side watering step is subsequently performed (FIG. Indicated by (D) in 5). Thereafter, the filtration is once stopped, the drainage lower port 32 is opened by the opening / closing means 35, and all the filtered water in the space on the secondary side is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (E) in FIG. ). Thereafter, filtration is performed in a state where the lower drainage port 32 is opened, and the filtered water present in the space Y on the secondary side is drained from the drainage port 22 of the filter 20 (indicated by (F) in FIG. 5). Then, the drainage lower port 32 is closed by the opening / closing means 35 at a predetermined time (indicated by (G) in FIG. 5), and normal filtration is started (indicated by (H) in FIG. 5).
　以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（実施例１）
　図１に示したような膜ろ過装置１００を用い、第１の方法によるろ過を行った（図３参照）。具体的には、通常逆洗後に、一次側の水張り工程を行い、その後、ろ過水排出ポート３１及び排水下部ポート３２を開放して、排水下部ポート３２からろ過器２０の二次側の空間Ｙに存在する洗浄水と初期ろ過水を排水した。その後、所定の時（具体的には一次側の水張り工程の終了時から１分後）に開閉手段３５によって排水下部ポート３２を閉じた。なお、排水下部ポート３２から排水された水は、原水槽１０に戻した。 Example 1
The filtration according to the first method was performed using the membrane filtration apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 1 (see FIG. 3). Specifically, after backwashing, the primary side water-filling step is performed, and then the filtered water discharge port 31 and the drainage lower port 32 are opened, and the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 from the drainage lower port 32 Drained the wash water and the initial filtered water present in the Thereafter, the drainage lower port 32 was closed by the opening / closing means 35 at a predetermined time (specifically, one minute after the end of the primary side water filling process). The water drained from the lower drain port 32 was returned to the raw water tank 10.
（実施例２）
　図１に示したような膜ろ過装置１００を用い、第２の方法によるろ過を行った（図４参照）。具体的には、水切り逆洗後に、一次側の水張り工程を行い、その後、ろ過水排出ポート３１及び排水下部ポート３２を開放して、排水下部ポート３２から初期ろ過水を排水した。その後、所定の時（具体的には一次側の水張り工程の終了時から１分後）に排水下部ポート３２を閉じた。なお、排水下部ポート３２から排水された水は、原水槽１０に戻した。 (Example 2)
The filtration by a 2nd method was performed using the membrane filtration apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 1 (refer FIG. 4). Specifically, after draining and backwashing, the primary side water-filling step was performed, and then the filtered water discharge port 31 and the lower drainage port 32 were opened to drain the initial filtered water from the lower drainage port 32. Thereafter, the lower drain port 32 was closed at a predetermined time (specifically, one minute after the end of the primary side water filling process). The water drained from the lower drain port 32 was returned to the raw water tank 10.
（実施例３）
　図１に示したような膜ろ過装置１００を用い、第３の方法によるろ過を行った（図５参照）。具体的には、水切り逆洗後に、一次側の水張り工程を行い、その後、ろ過水排出ポート３１を開放して、ろ過水排出ポート３１からろ過水が排出された段階（二次側の水張り工程の終了時）で、一旦ろ過を中止した。その後、排水下部ポート３２を開放して、ろ過器２０の二次側の空間Ｙに存在するろ過水を排水した。その後、排水下部ポート３２を閉じて、ろ過を再開させた。なお、排水下部ポート３２から排水された水は、原水槽１０に戻した。 (Example 3)
The filtration according to the third method was performed using the membrane filtration apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 1 (see FIG. 5). Specifically, after draining and backwashing, the primary side water filling step is performed, and then the filtered water discharge port 31 is opened, and the filtered water is discharged from the filtered water discharge port 31 (secondary water filling step (At the end of the Thereafter, the lower drainage port 32 was opened, and the filtered water present in the space Y on the secondary side of the filter 20 was drained. Thereafter, the lower drainage port 32 was closed to resume filtration. The water drained from the lower drain port 32 was returned to the raw water tank 10.
（比較例１）
　従来の膜ろ過装置を用い、ろ過方法によるろ過を行った（図６参照）。具体的には、通常逆洗後に、一次側の水張り工程を行い、その後、ろ過水排出ポート３１を開けてろ過を開始した。ろ過水は、ろ過器２０の収納容器２０ｂのろ過水排出口２１のみから排出された。この場合における、ろ過時間とろ過水中のウイルス濃度との関係を図２のグラフに示す。 (Comparative example 1)
The filtration by the filtration method was performed using the conventional membrane filtration apparatus (refer FIG. 6). Specifically, after the backwash, a water filling process on the primary side was performed, and then the filtered water discharge port 31 was opened to start filtration. The filtered water was discharged only from the filtered water outlet 21 of the storage container 20 b of the filter 20. The relationship between the filtration time and the virus concentration in the filtered water in this case is shown in the graph of FIG.
　図２に示すように、ろ過を開始した時点から３０分間は、ウイルスの対数除去率（ＬＲＶ）が低い結果であった。つまり、ろ過を開始した時点から３０分間は、ろ過水として十分に採用できる状態でなく、本比較例では、ろ過開始後、ウイルスが十分に除去されたろ過水が得られるまでに長い時間が必要であった。なお、図２中、「ＬＲＶ」は、Ｌｏｇ　Ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｖａｌｕｅ（対数減少値）を示し、「ＴＭＰ」はＴｒａｎｓ　Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ　Ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ（膜間差圧）を示す。 As shown in FIG. 2, the virus removal rate (LRV) was low for 30 minutes after the start of filtration. In other words, 30 minutes from the start of filtration is not in a state that can be sufficiently adopted as filtered water, and in this comparative example, a long time is required to obtain filtered water from which virus has been sufficiently removed after filtration is started Met. In FIG. 2, “LRV” indicates a Log Reduction Value (log reduction value), and “TMP” indicates a Trans Membrane Pressure (inter-membrane differential pressure).
　以上の結果を踏まえると、本発明のろ過器（及びこれを備える膜ろ過装置）は、ろ過開始後、ウイルスが十分に除去されたろ過水が得られるまでの時間が短くなることが期待される。また、同様に、本発明のろ過方法によれば、ろ過開始後、ウイルスが十分に除去されたろ過水が得られるまでの時間を短くできることが期待される。 Based on the above results, it is expected that the filter of the present invention (and the membrane filtration apparatus provided with the same) will have a short time until the filtered water from which the virus has been sufficiently removed is obtained after the start of filtration. . Similarly, according to the filtration method of the present invention, it is expected that the time until the filtered water from which the virus has been sufficiently removed can be shortened after the start of filtration.
　本発明のろ過器は、下水処理水などのようにウイルスを含む原水を処理するためのろ過器として採用することができる。本発明の膜ろ過装置は、下水処理水などのようにウイルスを含む原水を処理するための膜ろ過装置として採用することができる。本発明のろ過方法は、下水処理水などのようにウイルスを含む原水を処理する方法として採用することができる。 The filter of the present invention can be employed as a filter for treating raw water containing virus such as treated sewage. The membrane filtration apparatus of the present invention can be employed as a membrane filtration apparatus for treating raw water containing a virus such as treated sewage. The filtration method of the present invention can be adopted as a method of treating raw water containing a virus such as treated sewage.
１０：原水槽、１２：原水ポンプ、１６：洗浄水槽、２０：ろ過器、２０ａ：ろ過膜、２０ｂ：収納容器、２１：ろ過水排出口、２２：排水口、２５：底部、３１：ろ過水排出ポート、３２：排水下部ポート、３５：開閉手段、４０：ろ過水、１００：膜ろ過装置。 10: Raw water tank, 12: Raw water pump, 16: Wash water tank, 20: Filter, 20a: Filter membrane, 20b: Storage container, 21: Filtered water outlet, 22: Drain, 25: Bottom, 31: Filtered water Discharge port, 32: lower drainage port, 35: opening and closing means, 40: filtered water, 100: membrane filtration device.

Claims (8)

  1. 　ろ過膜と前記ろ過膜を収納する収納容器とを有する縦型のろ過器であって、
    　前記収納容器の上部にろ過水が排出されるろ過水排出口を有し、更に、前記収納容器の下部に、少なくとも初期ろ過水が排水される排水口を有しており、
    　前記排水口は、前記ろ過器の二次側の空間と外部とを連通するものである、ろ過器。     A vertical filter having a filtration membrane and a storage container for storing the filtration membrane,
    The filter has a filtered water outlet at the upper part of the storage container for discharging filtered water, and further has a drain at the lower part of the storage container for draining at least the initial filtered water.
    The drainage port communicates the space on the secondary side of the filtration device with the outside.
  2. 　前記収納容器は、有底状のものであって、前記排水口は、有底状の前記収納容器の底部に形成されている請求項１に記載のろ過器。 The filter according to claim 1, wherein the storage container is a bottomed one, and the drainage port is formed at the bottom of the bottomed storage container.
  3. 　請求項１または２に記載のろ過器と、
    　前記ろ過器の前記ろ過水排出口に接続されるろ過水排出ポートと、
    　前記ろ過器の前記排水口に接続される排水下部ポートと、
    　前記排水下部ポートを所定の時期に開閉する開閉手段と、を備える、膜ろ過装置。     A filter according to claim 1 or 2;
    A filtered water discharge port connected to the filtered water outlet of the filter;
    A lower drainage port connected to the outlet of the filter;
    And a switching means for opening and closing the drainage lower port at a predetermined time.
  4. 　更に、前記ろ過器の前記ろ過膜を洗浄するための逆洗手段を備える請求項３に記載の膜
    ろ過装置。     The membrane filtration apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising backwashing means for cleaning the filtration membrane of the filter.
  5. 　請求項１または２に記載のろ過器を用いたろ過方法であって、
    　少なくとも前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水するろ過方法。     A filtration method using the filter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
    The filtration method which drains at least the said initial stage filtered water from the said drainage port.
  6. 　前記逆洗の終了時からろ過初期の間で、少なくとも前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水する請求項５に記載のろ過方法。 The filtration method according to claim 5, wherein at least the initial filtered water is drained from the drain port between the end of the backwashing and the initial stage of filtration.
  7. 　前記逆洗が、水切り逆洗であり、
    　一次側の水張り工程の終了後に、前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水する請求項６に記載のろ過方法。     The said backwashing is draining backwashing,
    The filtration method according to claim 6, wherein the initial filtered water is drained from the outlet after completion of the primary side water-filling step.
  8. 　前記逆洗が、水切り逆洗であり、
    　二次側の水張り工程の終了後に、前記初期ろ過水を前記排水口から排水する請求項６に記載のろ過方法。     The said backwashing is draining backwashing,
    The filtration method according to claim 6, wherein the initial filtered water is drained from the drainage port after completion of the secondary side water-filling step.
PCT/JP2018/035993 2017-11-24 2018-09-27 Filter, diaphragm filtration device, and filtration method using filter WO2019102711A1 (en)

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JP2003236350A (en) * 2002-02-15 2003-08-26 Nippon Rensui Co Ltd Method of cleaning metallic filtration membrane
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