WO2019100959A1 - 一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法和装置 Download PDF

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WO2019100959A1
WO2019100959A1 PCT/CN2018/114991 CN2018114991W WO2019100959A1 WO 2019100959 A1 WO2019100959 A1 WO 2019100959A1 CN 2018114991 W CN2018114991 W CN 2018114991W WO 2019100959 A1 WO2019100959 A1 WO 2019100959A1
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pump
heat carrier
brine
solar energy
heat exchanger
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PCT/CN2018/114991
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English (en)
French (fr)
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雷政军
翟腾飞
高超
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西安威西特消防科技有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2019100959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100959A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of brines, and more particularly to a method and a device for extracting minerals in brine water by using solar energy.
  • the salt lake brine contains abundant mineral resources such as magnesium, lithium, calcium and potassium. China's salt lake resources are mainly distributed in Qinghai, Cambodia, Xinjiang and other provinces. However, because the salt lakes in these provinces are often sparsely populated, infrastructure is not perfect, and energy supply is insufficient, it has brought serious constraints to the development and utilization of these resources.
  • the methods for extracting minerals in brine mainly include evaporation crystallization, precipitation, salting, carbonization, flotation, extraction, ion exchange adsorption, calcination, membrane separation and the like.
  • the present invention provides a method and a device for extracting minerals in brine water by using solar energy, which is economical, efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and is suitable for large-scale promotion in the salt lake area.
  • a method for extracting minerals in brine by using solar energy comprising the steps of: A) heating the organic heat carrier by using a solar collector; B) heating the brine through the heat exchanger by using the heated organic heat carrier; The heated brine is passed through an evaporation crystallization apparatus to perform mineral separation.
  • the solar collector is a vacuum tube solar collector, a metal heat absorber vacuum tube collector, and a heat pipe vacuum tube collector.
  • the metal heat absorber vacuum tube collector comprises: a concentric sleeve type vacuum tube collector, a U-shaped tube type vacuum tube collector, a heat storage type vacuum tube collector, a coherent light vacuum tube collector, a straight-through vacuum tube set Heater.
  • the temperature of the organic heat carrier described in step A after heating is greater than 120 ° C
  • the organic heat carrier is heated to a temperature greater than 180 °C.
  • the organic heat carrier is a mineral oil type organic heat carrier and a synthetic organic heat carrier.
  • the mineral oil type organic heat carrier is one or more of a mixture of a paraffin-based hydrocarbon, a mixture of a cycloalkyl hydrocarbon, and an aromatic hydrocarbon.
  • the synthetic organic heat carrier comprises: an alkylbenzene, an alkylbiphenyl, a mercapto and a dinonyltoluene, an azeotropic mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether, a terphenyl and a partially hydrogenated terphenyl, an alkyl diphenyl ether, One or more of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, a polyalphaalkane, a silicone oil, and a fluorocarbon.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the apparatus for extracting minerals in a brine by using solar energy, which comprises: a solar collector, a heat exchanger, and an evaporation crystallization unit;
  • the evaporation crystallization unit includes an evaporation crystallizer, a condenser, a condensate tank, and a pump;
  • the pump includes a heat exchanger pump, a circulation pump, a slurry pump, a brine feed pump, and a vacuum pump;
  • the heat exchanger is provided with a heat carrier inlet, a heat carrier outlet, a brine feed port and a brine discharge port;
  • the heat carrier inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the solar collector through a heat exchanger pump, and the heat carrier outlet is connected to the solar collector through a circulation pipeline; the brine feed inlet passes through the circulation pump and the raw material pool Connected, the brine outlet is connected to the evaporation crystallizer;
  • the vapor outlet of the evaporative crystallizer is connected to a condenser, and the rear end of the condenser is provided with a condensate tank; the condensate tank is connected with a vacuum pump.
  • the steam outlet of the evaporative crystallizer may be connected to the MVR device to reheat the heat carrier after heat exchange to improve heat utilization.
  • a circulation line is formed at the bottom of the evaporation crystallizer through a pipe and a slurry pump, and a slurry discharge port is provided between the slurry pump and the return line.
  • An organic heat carrier storage tank is disposed between the solar heat collector and the heat exchanger, and a storage tank pump is disposed between the solar heat collector and the organic heat carrier storage tank.
  • the solar collector heats the organic heat carrier to 180 ° C, stores it in an organic heat carrier storage tank, adds brine from the raw material pool through the brine feed port, and performs cyclic heat exchange with the organic heat carrier in the heat exchanger.
  • the heated organic heat carrier is recycled to the solar collector through the circulation pipeline, and the heated brine is evaporated and crystallized in the evaporator, and the steam is discharged from the upper outlet for recycling, and the mineral crystal slurry is discharged from the crystal slurry outlet.
  • the desired minerals were obtained by centrifugation in a centrifuge.
  • the evaporative crystallization unit of the present invention may also be an evaporative crystallization system apparatus realized by a method of enhancing air flow rate and increasing evaporation surface area.
  • the invention combines the actual conditions of the salt lake area, utilizes the characteristics of local light intensity, and adopts the method of replacing the traditional hot steam with solar collectors according to local conditions, and evaporates and crystallizes the brine to extract the required minerals, thereby effectively saving energy and reducing
  • the requirements for infrastructure are suitable for large-scale promotion in the salt lake area.
  • the heat transfer medium of the organic heat carrier proposed by the invention discards the heat conduction of the traditional water medium, and uses the organic heat carrier with higher heat conduction temperature as the heat conduction medium, and can directly heat the brine to above the boiling point, thereby greatly improving the evaporation crystallization efficiency of the brine.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • An apparatus for extracting minerals in a brine by using solar energy comprising a solar collector 1, a heat exchanger 3, and an evaporation crystallization unit; the evaporation crystallization unit comprising an evaporation crystallizer 5, a condenser 6, a condensate tank 7, and a pump;
  • the pump comprises a heat exchanger pump 9, a circulation pump 10, a slurry pump 11, a brine feed pump 12, and a vacuum pump 13;
  • the heat exchanger 3 is provided with a heat carrier inlet 21, a heat carrier outlet 22, and a brine feed port.
  • the heat carrier inlet 21 of the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the solar collector 1 via a heat exchanger pump 9, and the heat carrier outlet 22 is connected to the solar collector 1 through a circulation line
  • the brine feed port 24 is connected to the material pool via a changeover pump 10, the brine outlet 23 is connected to the evaporation crystallizer 5; the vapor outlet of the evaporation crystallizer 5 is connected to a condenser 6, the condensation
  • the rear end of the device 6 is provided with a condensate tank 7; the condensate tank is connected to a vacuum pump 13.
  • a circulation line is formed at the bottom of the evaporating crystallizer 5 through a pipe and a slurry pump 11, and a slurry discharge port is provided between the slurry pump 11 and the return line.
  • An organic heat carrier storage tank 2 is disposed between the solar heat collector 1 and the heat exchanger 3, and a storage tank pump 8 is disposed between the solar heat collector 1 and the organic heat carrier storage tank 2.
  • the solar collector heats the organic heat carrier to 180 ° C, stores it in an organic heat carrier storage tank, adds brine from the raw material pool through the brine feed port 24, and performs cyclic heat exchange with the organic heat carrier in the heat exchanger 3.
  • the heat transfer organic heat carrier is recycled to the solar heat collector 1 through the circulation pipeline, and the heated brine is evaporated and crystallized in the evaporator 5, and the steam is discharged from the upper outlet and condensed and recycled through the condenser 6.
  • the mineral crystal slurry is discharged from the crystal slurry outlet and centrifuged to obtain the desired mineral.
  • the steam outlet of the evaporative crystallizer can also be connected to the MVR device to reheat the heat carrier after heat exchange to improve the heat utilization rate.
  • the apparatus of the present invention and the vapor source evaporation crystallization apparatus can reach a high level in terms of extraction efficiency, extraction purity and treatment cycle, but the apparatus of the present invention directly utilizes solar energy, is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and is dependent on the substrate facility. Small. Although the natural beach drying method directly uses solar energy, the floor space is large, and the processing cycle and extraction efficiency are far lower than the present invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，包括如下步骤：A)利用太阳能集热器（1）对有机热载体加热；B)将加热后的有机热载体通过换热器（3）加热卤水；C)使加热后的卤水通过蒸发结晶单元，进行矿物质分离。以及一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的装置，包括太阳能集热器(1)、换热器(3)、蒸发结晶单元；蒸发结晶单元包括蒸发结晶器(5)、冷凝器(6)、冷凝液罐(7)和泵；泵包括换热器泵(9)、循环泵(10)、晶浆泵(11)、卤水进料泵(12)、真空泵(13)；换热器(3)设有热载体进口(21)、热载体出口(22)、卤水进料口(24)和卤水出料口(23)；换热器(3)的热载体进口(21)通过换热器泵(9)与太阳能集热器(1)相连，热载体出口(22)通过循环管路连接至太阳能集热器(1)；卤水进料口(24)通过换循环泵(10)与原料池相连，卤水出料口(23)与蒸发结晶器(5)相连；在蒸发结晶器(5)底部通过管道和晶浆泵(11)形成循环管路，在晶浆泵(11)与回流管路间设有晶浆出料口。

Description

一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及卤水综合利用技术领域，更具体地说是一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法和装置。
背景技术
盐湖卤水中蕴含着丰富的镁、锂、钙、钾等矿物资源。我国盐湖资源主要分布在青海、西藏、新疆等省份，但由于这些省的盐湖地区往往人口稀少，基础设施尚不完善，能源供应不充足，因此给开发利用这些资源带来了严重的制约。目前卤水中提取矿物质的方法主要有蒸发结晶法、沉淀法、盐析法、碳化法、浮选法、萃取法、离子交换吸附法、煅烧法、膜分离法等多种方法。现有的生产工艺，为了节约能源、降低对基础设施的要求，多采用自然滩晒、蒸发结晶等方法，但由于日照滩晒耗时往往达到3～6个月，严重限制了生产效率的提升，而工业用蒸发结晶法由于能耗巨大，也不适于在盐湖区直接应用，卤水提取及综合利用技术的推广也因此受到了限制。因此寻求一种简单、高效并且节能环保的提取技术，显得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷，特别是我国盐湖资源分布地的特点，本发明提供了一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法和装置，经济高效并且节能环保，适于盐湖区规模化推广。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：A)利用太阳能集热器对有机热载体加热；B)利用加热后的有机热载体通过热交换器加热卤水；C)使加热后的卤水通过蒸发结晶设备，进行矿物质分离。
进一步地，所述的太阳能集热器为真空管太阳能集热器、金属吸热体真空管集热器、热管式真空管集热器。
所述金属吸热体真空管集热器包括：同心套管式真空管集热器、U形管式真空管集热器、储热式真空管集热器、内聚光真空管集热器、直通式真空管集热器。
进一步地，步骤A中所述的有机热载体加热后温度大于120℃，
进一步优选地，所述的有机热载体加热后温度大于180℃。
进一步地，所述的有机热载体为矿物油型有机热载体和合成型有机热载体。
进一步地，所述矿物油型有机热载体为石蜡基碳氢化合物的混合物，环烷基碳氢化合物的混合物，芳香烃碳氢化合物的混合物中的一种或多种。
所述合成型有机热载体包括:烷基苯，烷基联苯，卞基和二卞基甲苯，联苯和联苯醚共沸混合物，三联苯和部分氢化三联苯，烷基联苯醚，脂肪烃，聚α烷烃，硅油，氟碳氢化合物中的一种或多种。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的装置，其特征在于：包括太阳能集热器、换热器、蒸发结晶单元；
所述蒸发结晶单元包括蒸发结晶器、冷凝器、冷凝液罐和泵；
所述泵包括换热器泵、循环泵、晶浆泵、卤水进料泵、真空泵；
所述换热器设有热载体进口、热载体出口、卤水进料口和卤水出料口；
所述换热器的热载体进口通过换热器泵与太阳能集热器相连，所述热载体出口通过循环管路连接至太阳能集热器；所述卤水进料口通过换循环泵与原料池相连，所述卤水出料口与蒸发结晶器相连；
所述蒸发结晶器的蒸汽出口连接有冷凝器，所述冷凝器后端设有冷凝液罐；所述冷凝液罐连接有真空泵。
进一步地，所述蒸发结晶器的蒸汽出口还可连接MVR设备对换热后的热载体进行再加热，提高热量的利用率。
在所述蒸发结晶器底部通过管道和晶浆泵形成循环管路，在所述晶浆泵与回流管路间设有晶浆出料口。
所述太阳能集热器和换热器之间设有有机热载体储存罐，所述太阳能集热器和有机热载体储存罐之间设有储存罐泵。
所述太阳能集热器将有机热载体加热到180℃，储存到有机热载体储罐中，从原料池经卤水进料口加入卤水，在换热器中与有机热载体进行循环换热，换热后的有机热载体经循环管路循环至太阳能集热器再次利用，被加热后的卤水在蒸发器中进行蒸发结晶，蒸汽从上出口排出回收利用，矿物质晶浆从晶浆出口排出，通过离心机离心得到所需矿物质。
本发明所述的蒸发结晶单元也可以是利用增强空气流速和增大蒸发表面积的方法实现的蒸发结晶系统设备。
相对于现有技术，本发明的优势在于：
1)本发明结合盐湖地区实际情况，利用当地光照强的特点，因地制宜，提出利用太阳能集热器代替传统热蒸汽的方法，对卤水进行蒸发结晶处理，提取所需矿物质，有效节约能源、降低对基础设施的要求，适于盐湖地区大面积推广。
2)本发明提出的有机热载体导热介质，摒弃传统的水介质导热，利用导热温度更高的有机热载体作为导热介质，可将卤水直接加热至沸点以上，大大提高了卤水蒸发结晶效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图
图中：1-太阳能集热器，2-有机热载体储存罐，3-换热器，5-蒸发结晶器，6-冷凝器，7-冷凝液罐，8-储存罐泵，9-换热器泵，10-循环泵、11-晶浆泵、12-卤水进料泵、真空泵13、21-热载体进口、22-热载体出口、23-卤水出料口，24-卤水进料口
具体实施方式
以下是本发明内容的具体实施例，用于阐述本申请文件中所要解决技术问题的技术方案，有助于本领域技术人员理解本发明内容，但本发明技术方案的实现并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的装置，包括太阳能集热器1、换热器3、蒸发结晶单元；所述蒸发结晶单元包括蒸发结晶器5、冷凝器6、 冷凝液罐7和泵；所述泵包括换热器泵9、循环泵10、晶浆泵11、卤水进料泵12、真空泵13；所述换热器3设有热载体进口21、热载体出口22、卤水进料口24和卤水出料口23；所述换热器3的热载体进口21通过换热器泵9与太阳能集热器1相连，所述热载体出口22通过循环管路连接至太阳能集热器1；所述卤水进料口24通过换循环泵10与原料池相连，所述卤水出料口23与蒸发结晶器5相连；所述蒸发结晶器5的蒸汽出口连接有冷凝器6，所述冷凝器6后端设有冷凝液罐7；所述冷凝液罐连接有真空泵13。在所述蒸发结晶器5底部通过管道和晶浆泵11形成循环管路，在所述晶浆泵11与回流管路间设有晶浆出料口。所述太阳能集热器1和换热器3之间设有有机热载体储存罐2，所述太阳能集热器1和有机热载体储存罐2之间设有储存罐泵8。
所述太阳能集热器将有机热载体加热到180℃，储存到有机热载体储罐中，从原料池经卤水进料口24加入卤水，在换热器3中与有机热载体进行循环换热，换热后的有机热载体经循环管路循环至太阳能集热器1再次利用，被加热后的卤水在蒸发器5中进行蒸发结晶，蒸汽从上出口排出，经冷凝器6冷凝回收利用，矿物质晶浆从晶浆出口排出，通过离心机离心得到所需矿物质。所述蒸发结晶器的蒸汽出口还可连接MVR设备对换热后的热载体进行再加热，提高热量的利用率。
实施例2本发明装置与现有技术对比
Figure PCTCN2018114991-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018114991-appb-000002
从表中可以看出，从提取效率、提取纯度和处理周期看，本发明装置与蒸汽源蒸发结晶装置均能达到较高水平，但本发明装置直接利用太阳能，节能环保，对基材设施依赖度小。自然滩晒法虽然直接利用太阳能，但占地面积巨大，处理周期及提取效率均远低于本发明。
上述实施例仅仅是对本发明优选方案的说明，并不限制本发明。只要在本发明的实质精神范围内对上述实施例的变化、变型都应落入本申请的权利要求书请求保护的范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：A)利用太阳能集热器对有机热载体加热；B)将加热后的有机热载体通过热交换器加热卤水；C)使加热后的卤水通过蒸发结晶设备，进行矿物质分离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于：步骤A中所述的太阳能集热器为真空管太阳能集热器、金属吸热体真空管集热器、热管式真空管集热器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于：步骤A中所述的有机热载体加热后温度大于120℃。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于：步骤A中所述的有机热载体加热后温度大于180℃。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于：所述的有机热载体为矿物油型有机热载体和/或合成型有机热载体。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于：所述矿物油型有机热载体为石蜡基碳氢化合物的混合物，环烷基碳氢化合物的混合物，芳香烃碳氢化合物的混合物中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的利用太阳能提取卤水中矿物质的方法，其特征在于：所述合成型有机热载体包括:烷基苯，烷基联苯，卞基和二卞基甲苯，联苯和联苯醚共沸混合物，三联苯和部分氢化三联苯，烷基联苯醚，脂肪烃，聚α烷烃，硅油，氟碳氢化合物中的一种或多种。
  8. 一种实现如权利要求1所述方法的装置，其特征在于：包括太阳 能集热器(1)、换热器(3)、蒸发结晶单元；
    所述蒸发结晶单元包括蒸发结晶器(5)、冷凝器(6)、冷凝液罐(7)和泵；所述泵包括换热器泵(9)、循环泵(10)、晶浆泵(11)、卤水进料泵(12)、真空泵(13)；
    所述换热器(3)设有热载体进口(21)、热载体出口(22)、卤水进料口(24)和卤水出料口(23)；所述换热器(3)的热载体进口(21)通过换热器泵(9)与太阳能集热器(1)相连，所述热载体出口(22)通过循环管路连接至太阳能集热器(1)；所述卤水进料口(24)通过换循环泵(10)与原料池相连，所述卤水出料口(23)与蒸发结晶器(5)相连；
    在所述蒸发结晶器(5)底部通过管道和晶浆泵(11)形成循环管路，在所述晶浆泵(11)与回流管路间设有晶浆出料口。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热器(1)和换热器(3)之间设有有机热载体储存罐(2)，所述太阳能集热器(1)和有机热载体储存罐(2)之间设有储存罐泵(8)。
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