WO2019100516A1 - 柱状电池或者纽扣电池 - Google Patents

柱状电池或者纽扣电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100516A1
WO2019100516A1 PCT/CN2017/118910 CN2017118910W WO2019100516A1 WO 2019100516 A1 WO2019100516 A1 WO 2019100516A1 CN 2017118910 W CN2017118910 W CN 2017118910W WO 2019100516 A1 WO2019100516 A1 WO 2019100516A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
cover
side wall
sealing ring
cover body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/118910
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王生义
Original Assignee
王生义
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201721581289.6U external-priority patent/CN207504025U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201711173624.3A external-priority patent/CN108054303A/zh
Application filed by 王生义 filed Critical 王生义
Priority to EP17933051.9A priority Critical patent/EP3709380A4/en
Publication of WO2019100516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100516A1/zh
Priority to US16/880,361 priority patent/US11502370B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/167—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by crimping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/153—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for button or coin cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/193—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/197—Sealing members characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/198—Sealing members characterised by the material characterised by physical properties, e.g. adhesiveness or hardness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/591—Covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/105—NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/106—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/171—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids using adhesives or sealing agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a column battery or a button battery.
  • a cylindrical battery or button battery typically includes a cover, a housing, and a battery.
  • the cover and the housing are snapped together to form a confined space inside them.
  • the cover and the housing are made of a metal material such as stainless steel.
  • the cell is located in a confined space.
  • the positive electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the cover body, and the negative electrode tab is connected to the housing.
  • the cover serves as the positive electrode of the battery, and the housing serves as the negative electrode of the battery.
  • the temperature inside the battery will rise.
  • An increase in temperature causes an increase in air pressure in the confined space.
  • the seal is typically non-deformable or torn when heated, or the seal expands when heated. High-pressure gas cannot be relieved, which may cause the column battery or button battery to explode and burn, resulting in a safety accident.
  • a cylindrical battery or a button battery includes a cover body, a casing and a sealing ring, and the cover body and the casing are both cylindrical structures having a cover portion, and the cover body and the casing are fastened together to form a casing a confined space for accommodating a battery core, the sealing ring being located between a side wall of the cover body and a side wall of the housing, the sealing ring being capable of contracting or tearing at a set temperature to A gap is formed between the side wall of the cover and the side wall of the housing to relieve pressure.
  • the seal ring is configured to shrink or tear at or above 100 °C.
  • the material of the sealing ring comprises a thermoplastic of at least one of PET, PE, PP, ABS, PVC and EVA.
  • the cover is located at an inner side of the housing, and a bottom of the sealing ring has a U-shaped structure, and the U-shaped structure covers a lower end of a sidewall of the cover;
  • the bottom of the sealing ring has an L-shaped structure, and the L-shaped structure abuts against a lower end surface of the side wall of the cover body.
  • the cover portion of the housing has a groove configured to release stress generated during assembly.
  • the sealing ring is soaked by a sealant glue prior to assembly.
  • a filler is further included, the filler being an insulating material, the filler covering an outer slit of the housing and the cover.
  • the filler is a three-proof glue or asphalt.
  • a protective element is also included, the protective element being configured to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, shorting and/or overloading of the battery.
  • a single strand of enameled wire for connecting an external circuit is also included, the single strand of enameled wire being directly welded to at least one of the cover and the housing.
  • the seal ring shrinks or tears when the set temperature is reached, so that automatic pressure relief can be performed when the internal pressure of the columnar battery or the button battery is too high. This can effectively prevent the battery from exploding, improve the safety performance of the battery, and reduce the safety hazard.
  • the column battery or button battery can be automatically relieved without an additional pressure relief valve. This method reduces the cost of the battery and simplifies the process of battery manufacturing.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery or a button battery in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 1.
  • cover body 11: cover body; 12: cover portion of the cover body; 13: side wall of the cover body; 14: step structure; 15: housing; 16: cover portion of the housing; 17: side wall of the housing; Groove; 20: sealing ring; 21: U-shaped structure; 22: filling member; 23: positive electrode tab; 24: single-strand enameled wire; 25: gasket; 26: negative electrode tab;
  • a columnar battery or a button battery is provided.
  • the battery includes a cover 11, a housing 15, and a seal ring 20. Both the lid body 11 and the casing 15 have a cylindrical structure having one lid portion. The cover 11 and the housing 15 are fastened together to form a sealed space for accommodating the battery cells 27.
  • the open end of the cover 11 and the open end of the housing 15 are engaged with each other.
  • the side wall 13 of the cover intersects the side wall 17 of the housing.
  • the side wall 13 of the cover is inserted into the cavity of the housing 15.
  • the end of the side wall 17 of the casing is trimmed to form a fixed portion of the cover 11; or the side wall 17 of the casing is inserted into the cavity of the cover 11, and the end of the side wall 13 of the cover is closed. Processing to form a fixing to the housing 15.
  • a stepped structure 14 is formed at a side wall 13 of the cover or a portion of the side wall 17 of the casing near the cover.
  • the step height of the step structure 14 is equal to the wall thickness of the sidewalls located outside.
  • the outer sidewall can enter the step structure 14 to form a cladding. This structure makes the shape of the battery more flat.
  • step structure 14 makes the positioning of the cover 11 and the housing 15 more accurate at the time of assembly, improving the mounting accuracy.
  • the battery cells 27 can be fabricated by winding or laminating.
  • the electrolyte of the cell 27 may be a liquid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte or a semi-solid electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is placed on the separator of the cell 27 by dipping, injecting, or directly coating.
  • the sealing ring 20 is located between the side wall 13 of the cover and the side wall 17 of the housing.
  • the seal ring 20 has elasticity for sealing the cover body 11 and the housing 15 to form a closed space.
  • the sealing ring 20 is also used to insulate the cover 11 from the housing 15 even if the positive and negative electrodes are insulated.
  • the sealing ring 20 can be shrunk or torn at a set temperature to form a gap between the side wall 13 of the cover and the side wall 17 of the housing for pressure relief.
  • a gap is formed between the side wall 17 of the casing and the side wall 13 of the cover. Gas leaks through the gap.
  • the sealing ring 20 is torn, the sealing ring 20 itself forms a slit. Gas leaks through the gap.
  • Those skilled in the art can select the material of the sealing ring 20 according to actual needs to meet the temperature requirements of the pressure relief.
  • the seal ring 20 shrinks or tears when it reaches the set temperature, so that when the internal pressure of the columnar battery or the button battery is too high, automatic pressure relief can be performed. This can effectively prevent the battery from exploding, improve the safety performance of the battery, and reduce the safety hazard.
  • the column battery or button battery can be automatically relieved without an additional pressure relief valve. This method reduces the cost of the battery and simplifies the process of battery manufacturing.
  • the seal ring 20 is configured to shrink or tear at or above 100 °C. This temperature condition ensures the safe use of the column battery or the button battery.
  • the material of the sealing ring 20 includes PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate), PE (Polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene).
  • PET Polyethylene Terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate
  • PE Polyethylene
  • PP Polypropylene
  • ABS Adiene Butadiene Styrene
  • the above materials have the property of shrinking or tearing at high temperatures. In the case where the battery is short-circuited, overcharged, overloaded, or externally heated, the sealing ring 20 may shrink or tear, so that high-pressure gas inside the battery is released from between the cover 11 and the housing 15, thereby avoiding high temperature of the battery. The fire or explosion.
  • the cover 11 is located inside the housing 15.
  • the bottom of the sealing ring 20 has a U-shaped structure 21.
  • the U-shaped structure 21 covers the lower end of the side wall 13 of the cover. In this structure.
  • the outer side of the U-shaped structure 21 abuts against the cover portion 16 of the casing, and the inner side abuts against the lower end surface of the side wall 13 of the cover body, thus increasing the sealing area of the seal ring 20 such that the cover body 11 and the casing 15 are The sealing effect is better.
  • the U-shaped structure 21 prevents the cover body 11 and the housing 15 from coming into contact with each other, and the cover body 11 and the housing 15 are prevented from being short-circuited.
  • the bottom of the seal ring 20 has an L-shaped configuration.
  • the L-shaped structure abuts against the lower end surface of the side wall 13 of the cover.
  • the outer side of the L-shaped structure abuts against the cover portion 16 of the casing, and the inner side abuts against the lower end surface of the side wall 13 of the cover body, which also increases the sealing area of the seal ring 20, so that the cover body 11 and the casing 15 The sealing effect is better.
  • the L-shaped structure prevents the cover body 11 and the housing 15 from coming into contact with each other, and the cover body 11 and the housing 15 are prevented from being short-circuited.
  • a gasket 25 is further provided between the U-shaped structure 21 or the L-shaped structure and the cover portion 16 of the housing.
  • the gasket 25 has good compatibility with the seal ring 20, and can effectively reduce the formation of the slit and further improve the sealing effect.
  • the gasket 25 and the seal ring 20 are made of the same material.
  • the material of the gasket 25 may be, but not limited to, rubber, silicone, plastic, or the like.
  • the seal 20 is first immersed in the sealant water.
  • the sealant is made of resin glue.
  • the sealing ring 20 is made soft by soaking; then, it is bent again. This way makes the fabrication of the U-shaped structure 21 or the L-shaped structure easy.
  • the sealing glue can also function as a liquid seal, and even if the partial thickness of the sealing ring 20 is uneven or wrinkles, it can be compensated by the sealing glue. This results in a better sealing effect between the cover 11 and the seal ring 20 and between the housing 15 and the seal ring 20.
  • the cover portion 16 of the housing has a groove 18.
  • the groove 18 is configured to release stress generated during assembly.
  • the groove 18 is a protrusion that protrudes from the confined space or protrudes out of the confined space.
  • the groove 18 can provide a buffer for stress by its own deformation, thereby preventing the cover portion from protruding outward and maintaining the flatness of the battery.
  • the grooves 18 are annular structures. This structure is capable of absorbing stress from all directions of the cover.
  • the depth of the groove 18 is 0.2 mm. This depth can effectively absorb the strain of the cover.
  • the groove 18 is an annular structure that protrudes into the closed space.
  • the outer side of the annular structure together with the side wall 17 of the housing has a U-shaped configuration.
  • the U-shaped structure can form an extrusion of the lower end of the sealing ring 20. This makes it easy to form the U-shaped structure 21 at the lower end of the seal ring 20.
  • the U-shaped structure of the housing 15 further increases the sealing area with the U-shaped structure 21 of the sealing ring 20, which makes the sealing effect of the cover 11 and the housing 15 better.
  • the cover 11, the housing 15 and the sealing ring 20 form an external gap after assembly.
  • the outer slit is located at the edge of the housing 15.
  • the external gap is exposed, which may cause the flatness of the battery to deteriorate.
  • the salt in the human sweat or the salt of the salt spray test will accumulate in the external gap.
  • the salt will conduct the lid 11 and the casing 15 under a certain humidity, that is, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are turned on. In this way, when the battery is not in use, it is slowly discharged due to the formation of a microcurrent by itself.
  • the battery further includes a filler 22.
  • the filler 22 is an insulating material.
  • the filler 22 covers the outer slit of the housing 15 and the cover 11.
  • the outer slit is covered by the arrangement of the filler 22. This improves the flatness of the battery, reduces or even prevents the salt from accumulating between the cover 11 and the casing 15, thereby effectively avoiding the formation of the microcurrent of the battery itself and greatly reducing the discharge of the battery.
  • the salt is concentrated on the outer edge, and the technical problem of causing the battery to discharge itself is difficult to find. Therefore, the technical tasks to be implemented by the embodiments of the present invention or the technical problems to be solved are those that are not thought of or are not expected by those skilled in the art, so the embodiment of the present invention is a new technical solution.
  • the filler 22 is a three-guard or asphalt.
  • the three anti-adhesive is a silicone modified resin glue.
  • the three anti-adhesives and the asphalt can be softened at a set temperature (for example, up to 85 ° C), so that the three anti-glue protective layers first lose the sealing function before the sealing ring shrinks or tears to avoid interference with the pressure relief passage.
  • the three anti-adhesive surfaces are smooth and have a small specific surface area, so that no salt is accumulated.
  • Asphalt can also provide good coverage and insulation.
  • the battery also includes a protective element (not shown).
  • the protective element is configured to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, shorting, and/or overloading of the cylindrical battery or button battery.
  • the protective element is located outside of the confined space.
  • the positive electrode tab 23 of the battery cell 27, the lid body 11 and the positive electrode terminal of the protective element are connected in series.
  • the negative electrode tab 26 of the battery cell 27, the housing 15 and the negative terminal of the protection element are connected in series.
  • laser welding is used for the connection.
  • the protection element has contacts for electrical connection to an external circuit.
  • the protective element is located in a confined space.
  • the positive electrode tab 23 of the battery cell 27, the positive electrode terminal cover 11 of the protection element, and the series are connected in series.
  • the negative electrode tab 26 of the battery cell 27, the negative electrode terminal of the protection element, and the housing 15 are sequentially connected in series. For example, laser welding is used for the connection.
  • the protection element is a protection chip.
  • the protection chip overcharges, overdischarges, overloads or shorts, the protection chip cuts off the positive and negative lines of the battery core 27, which can play a protective role.
  • the protective components significantly improve the safety of the battery.
  • the protection element is also integrated with a MOS switch, a PTC unit, and an NTC unit.
  • the MOS switch prevents inrush current from damaging the battery.
  • the PTC unit cuts off the charging circuit, thereby preventing high temperature damage of the battery.
  • the NTC unit cuts off the charging circuit, thereby preventing low temperature damage of the battery.
  • the cover portion 12 of the cover of the battery and the cover portion 16 of the casing are welded with pole pieces.
  • pole pieces For example, an L-shaped nickel piece.
  • a single strand of enameled wire 24 is welded to each of the two pole pieces.
  • the single stranded enameled wire 24 is electrically connected to an external circuit.
  • the pole piece occupies a certain space, which makes the height of the battery large, which is disadvantageous for mounting into a relatively small space.
  • the battery further includes a single-strand enameled wire 24 for connecting an external circuit.
  • a single strand of enameled wire 24 is welded directly to at least one of the cover 11 and the housing 15.
  • the single-strand enameled wire 24 is welded to the lid portion 16 of the housing and/or the lid portion 12 of the lid by laser welding or electric resistance welding. In this way, the height of the battery is reduced, the smaller installation space can be adapted, and the adaptability of the battery is improved.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种柱状电池或者纽扣电池，包括盖体（11）、壳体（15）和密封圈（20），所述盖体（11）和所述壳体（15）均为具有一个盖部的筒状结构，所述盖体（11）和所述壳体（15）扣合在一起，以围合形成用于容纳电芯（27）的密闭空间，所述密封圈（20）位于所述盖体（11）的侧壁以及所述壳体（15）的侧壁之间，所述密封圈（20）能在达到设定温度下收缩或者撕裂，以在所述盖体（11）的侧壁和所述壳体（15）的侧壁之间形成缝隙，以进行泄压。该电池的密封圈（20）能够在设定温度下收缩或者撕裂，从而进行泄压，具有安全性能优良的特点。

Description

柱状电池或者纽扣电池 技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种柱状电池或者纽扣电池。
背景技术
柱状电池或纽扣电池通常包括盖体、壳体和电芯。盖体和壳体扣合在一起，以在它们内部形成密闭空间。盖体和壳体为金属材料，例如，不锈钢。电芯位于密闭空间中。电芯的正极极耳与盖体连接，负极极耳与壳体连接。盖体作为电池的正极，壳体作为电池的负极。在正极和负极之间具有密封圈。密封圈使盖体和壳体密封并且相互绝缘。
在电池出现短路、过充、过载、外部加热的情况下，电池内部的温度会升高。温度升高引起密闭空间内的气压升高。现有的电池结构，密封圈在受热时通常是不可变形的或者撕裂的，或者密封圈在受热时发生膨胀。高压的气体无法泄压，容易导致柱状电池或者纽扣电池爆炸、燃烧，造成安全事故。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种柱状电池或者纽扣电池的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种柱状电池或者纽扣电池。该电池包括盖体、壳体和密封圈，所述盖体和所述壳体均为具有一个盖部的筒状结构，所述盖体和所述壳体扣合在一起，以围合形成用于容纳电芯的密闭空间，所述密封圈位于所述盖体的侧壁以及所述壳体的侧壁之间，所述密封圈能在达到设定温度下收缩或者撕裂，以在所述盖体的侧壁和所述壳体的侧壁之间形成缝隙，以进行泄压。
可选地，所述密封圈被构造为在达到或超过100℃的条件下收缩或者 撕裂。
可选地，所述密封圈的材质包括PET、PE、PP、ABS、PVC和EVA中的至少一种的热塑性塑料。
可选地，所述盖体位于所述壳体的内侧，所述密封圈的底部呈U形结构，所述U形结构包覆所述盖体的侧壁的下端；或者
所述密封圈的底部呈L形结构，所述L形结构与所述盖体的侧壁的下端面相抵。
可选地，所述壳体的盖部具有沟槽，所述沟槽被构造为用于释放装配时产生的应力。
可选地，在装配前，所述密封圈经密封胶水浸泡处理。
可选地，还包括填充件，所述填充件为绝缘材料，所述填充件覆盖所述壳体和所述盖体的外部缝隙。
可选地，所述填充件为三防胶或者沥青。
可选地，还包括保护元件，所述保护元件被构造为用于防止电池过充、过放、短路和/或过载。
可选地，还包括用于连接外部电路的单股漆包线，所述单股漆包线被直接焊接在所述盖体和所述壳体的至少一个上。
根据本公开的一个实施例，密封圈在达到设定温度下收缩或者撕裂，从而在柱状电池或纽扣电池的内部气压过高时，能够进行自动泄压。这样能够有效地防止电池爆炸，提高了电池的安全性能，降低了安全隐患。
此外，该柱状电池或者纽扣电池不用另外设置泄压阀就能自动泄压。这种方式降低了电池的成本，简化了电池制作的工序。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的柱状电池或者纽扣电池的剖视图。
图2是图1中A处的局部放大图。
图3是图1中B处的局部放大图。
附图标记说明：
11：盖体；12：盖体的盖部；13：盖体的侧壁；14：台阶结构；15：壳体；16：壳体的盖部；17：壳体的侧壁；18：沟槽；20：密封圈；21：U形结构；22：填充件；23：正极极耳；24：单股漆包线；25：密封垫；26：负极极耳；27：电芯。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种柱状电池或者纽扣电池。如图1所示，该电池包括盖体11、壳体15和密封圈20。盖体11和壳体15均为具有一个盖部的筒状结构。盖体11和壳体15扣合在一起，以围合形成用于容纳电芯27的密闭空间。
需要说明的是，盖体11的敞开端和壳体15的敞开端相互扣合。盖体的侧壁13与壳体的侧壁17交叉。盖体的侧壁13插入壳体15的腔体中。壳体的侧壁17的端部做收边处理，以对盖体11形成固定；或者壳体的侧 壁17插入盖体11的腔体中，盖体的侧壁13的端部做收边处理，以对壳体15形成固定。
优选地，如图1-2所示，在盖体的侧壁13或者壳体的侧壁17靠近盖部的部位形成台阶结构14。例如，台阶结构14的台阶高度等于位于外部的侧壁的壁厚。在进行收边时，位于外部的侧壁能进入台阶结构14中，以形成包覆。这种结构能使电池的外形更加平整。
此外，台阶结构14使得盖体11和壳体15在装配时的定位更准确，提高了安装精度。
电芯27可以采用卷绕或者层叠等方式制作而成。电芯27的电解质可以为液态电解质、固态电解质或者半固态电解质。例如，采用浸泡、注射、或者直接涂覆的方式将电解质设置到电芯27的隔离膜上。
密封圈20位于盖体的侧壁13以及壳体的侧壁17之间。例如，密封圈20具有弹性，用于密封盖体11和壳体15，以形成密闭空间。密封圈20还用于使盖体11和壳体15绝缘，即使正极和负极绝缘。
在该例子中，密封圈20能在达到设定温度下收缩或者撕裂，以在盖体的侧壁13和壳体的侧壁17之间形成缝隙，以进行泄压。在密封圈20收缩时，壳体的侧壁17和盖体的侧壁13之间形成缝隙。气体通过该缝隙泄漏。在密封圈20撕裂时，密封圈20自身形成缝隙。气体通过该缝隙泄漏。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择密封圈20的材料，以满足泄压的温度要求。
在本发明实施例中，密封圈20在达到设定温度下收缩或者撕裂，从而在柱状电池或纽扣电池的内部气压过高时，能够进行自动泄压。这样能够有效地防止电池爆炸，提高了电池的安全性能，降低了安全隐患。
此外，该柱状电池或者纽扣电池不用另外设置泄压阀就能自动泄压。这种方式降低了电池的成本，简化了电池制作的工序。
在一个例子中，密封圈20被构造为在达到或超过100℃的条件下收缩或者撕裂。该温度条件能保证柱状电池或者纽扣电池的使用安全。
在一个例子中，密封圈20的材质包括PET(Polyethylene Terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、PE(Polyethylene，聚乙烯)、PP(Polypropylene聚丙烯)、 ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、EVA(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物)和PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride，聚氯乙烯)中的至少一种的热塑性塑料。上述材料在高温下具有收缩或撕裂的特性。在电池出现短路、过充、过载、外部加热的情况下，密封圈20会收缩或者撕裂，使得电池内部的高压气体从盖体11和壳体15之间得以释放，从而避免电池的高温造成的着火或爆炸。
在一个例子中，如图1和3所示，盖体11位于壳体15的内侧。密封圈20的底部呈U形结构21。U形结构21包覆盖体的侧壁13的下端。在该结构中。U形结构21的外侧与壳体的盖部16相抵，内侧与盖体的侧壁13的下端面相抵，这样增大了密封圈20的密封面积，使得盖体11和壳体15之间的密封效果更好。
此外，U形结构21防止盖体11和壳体15相互接触，避免了盖体11和壳体15形成短路。
在其他示例中，密封圈20的底部呈L形结构。L形结构与盖体的侧壁13的下端面相抵。L形结构的外侧与壳体的盖部16相抵，内侧与盖体的侧壁13的下端面相抵，这种方式同样增大了密封圈20的密封面积，使得盖体11和壳体15之间的密封效果更好。
此外，L形结构防止盖体11和壳体15相互接触，避免了盖体11和壳体15形成短路。
在一个例子中，如图3所示，在U形结构21或者L形结构与壳体的盖部16之间还设有密封垫25。密封垫25与密封圈20的相容性良好，能够有效减小缝隙的形成，进一步提高密封效果。例如，密封垫25和密封圈20采用相同的材料。在其他示例中，密封垫25的材质可以是但不局限于橡胶、硅胶、塑料等。
在装配时，由于密封圈20的硬度较大，故在密封圈20的下端弯折成U形结构21或L形结构的难度较大。在一个例子中，在装配前，首先，将密封圈20在密封胶水中进行浸泡。例如，密封胶水采用树脂胶水。通过浸泡使得密封圈20变的柔软；然后，再进行弯折。这种方式使得U形结构21或L形结构的制作变得容易。
此外，密封胶水还能起到液封的作用，即使密封圈20的局部厚度不均匀或者出现褶皱，也能通过密封胶水进行弥补。这使得盖体11与密封圈20之间以及壳体15与密封圈20之间的密封效果更好。
在装配时，盖体的侧壁13的下端容易与壳体的盖部16相抵并且形成挤压，尤其在壳体的侧壁17的上端进行收边时，应力会很大。应力会造成壳体的盖部16向外凸出，形成应变，从而破坏电池整体的平整度。为了解决该技术问题，在一个例子中，如图3所示，壳体的盖部16具有沟槽18。沟槽18被构造为用于释放装配时产生的应力。
例如，沟槽18为凸出于密闭空间内的凸起或者凸出于密闭空间外的凸起。在装配时，沟槽18能够通过自身的变形为应力提供缓冲，从而能够防止盖部向外凸出，保持电池的平整度。
优选地，沟槽18为环形结构。这种结构能够缓冲来自盖部各个方向的应力。沟槽18的深度为0.2mm。该深度能够有效地吸收盖部的应变。
在一个例子中，如图3所示，沟槽18为向密闭空间凸出的环形结构。环形结构的外侧与壳体的侧壁17一起呈U形结构。该U形结构能够形成对密封圈20的下端的挤压。这使得密封圈20下端的U形结构21的形成变得容易。
此外，壳体15的U形结构进一步增大了与密封圈20的U形结构21的密封面积，这使得盖体11和壳体15的密封效果更好。
在通常情况下，盖体11、壳体15和密封圈20在装配完成后，会形成外部缝隙。例如，外部缝隙位于壳体15的收边的位置。该外部缝隙裸露在外，会造成电池的平整度变差。在电池使用过程中，例如，人手取放电池或者进行盐雾试验过程中，人体汗液中的盐分或者盐雾试验的盐分会聚集在该外部缝隙中。盐分在一定的湿度下会使盖体11和壳体15导通，即正极和负极导通。这样，使得电池在没有使用时，由于自身形成微电流而慢慢放电。
为了解决该问题，在一个例子中，如图1-2所示，电池还包括填充件22。填充件22为绝缘材料。填充件22覆盖壳体15和盖体11的外部缝隙。通过填充件22的设置使得外部缝隙被覆盖。这使得电池的平整度提高，减 少甚至避免了盐分在盖体11和壳体15之间发生聚集，从而有效避免了电池自身的微电流的形成，大大降低了电池的放电。
需要说明的是，盐分聚集在外部边缘，而导致电池自身放电的技术问题本身很难被发现。因此，本发明实施例所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的，故本发明实施例是一种新的技术方案。
在一个例子中，填充件22为三防胶或者沥青。例如，三防胶为有机硅改性树脂胶。三防胶和沥青在设定的温度(例如，达到85℃)下能够软化，从而在密封圈收缩或撕裂前三防胶水防护层先失去密封作用，以避免对泄压通道形成干涉。
此外，在固化后，三防胶表面光滑，比表面积小，从而不会聚集盐分。
沥青同样能够起到良好的覆盖和绝缘效果。
在一个例子中，电池还包括保护元件(未示出)。保护元件被构造为用于防止柱状电池或者纽扣电池过充、过放、短路和/或过载。
例如，保护元件位于密闭空间外。电芯27的正极极耳23、盖体11和保护元件的正极端依次串联。电芯27的负极极耳26、壳体15和保护元件的负极端依次串联。例如，采用激光焊接进行连接。保护元件具有用于与外部电路电连接的触点。
例如，保护元件位于密闭空间内。电芯27的正极极耳23、保护元件的正极端盖体11和依次串联。电芯27的负极极耳26、保护元件的负极端和壳体15依次串联。例如，采用激光焊接进行连接。
例如，保护元件为保护芯片。保护芯片在电池过充、过放、过载或短路时，切断电芯27的正、负极的线路，这样能够起到保护的作用。保护元件显著提高了电池的安全性能。
在一个例子中，保护元件还集成有MOS开关、PTC单元和NTC单元。MOS开关能够避免浪涌电流对电池造成损坏。
此外，在电池充电时，温度过高或者过低都会对电池造成损坏。在温度过高的情况下，PTC单元切断充电电路，从而防止电池的高温损坏。在温度过低的情况下，NTC单元切断充电电路，从而防止电池的低温损坏。
在通常情况下，电池的盖体的盖部12和壳体的盖部16均焊接有极片。例如，L形镍片。在两个极片上分别焊接单股漆包线24。单股漆包线24与外部电路导通。在这种方式中，极片占据一定的空间，这使得电池的高度变大，不利于安装到相对较小的空间中。
为了解决该技术问题，在一个例子中，如图1所示，电池还包括用于连接外部电路的单股漆包线24。单股漆包线24被直接焊接在盖体11和壳体15的至少一个上。例如，通过激光焊接或电阻焊接的方式将单股漆包线24焊接到壳体的盖部16和/或盖体的盖部12。通过这种方式，电池的高度变小了，能够适配更小的安装空间，提高了电池的适配性。
此外，通过这种方式节省了电池的材料，并且简化了加工工艺。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，包括盖体、壳体和密封圈，所述盖体和所述壳体均为具有一个盖部的筒状结构，所述盖体和所述壳体扣合在一起，以围合形成用于容纳电芯的密闭空间，所述密封圈位于所述盖体的侧壁以及所述壳体的侧壁之间，所述密封圈能在达到设定温度下收缩或者撕裂，以在所述盖体的侧壁和所述壳体的侧壁之间形成缝隙，以进行泄压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述密封圈被构造为在达到或超过100℃的条件下收缩或者撕裂。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述密封圈的材质包括PET、PE、PP、ABS、PVC和EVA中的至少一种的热塑性塑料。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述盖体位于所述壳体的内侧，所述密封圈的底部呈U形结构，所述U形结构包覆所述盖体的侧壁的下端；或者
    所述密封圈的底部呈L形结构，所述L形结构与所述盖体的侧壁的下端面相抵。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中的任意一项所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述壳体的盖部具有沟槽，所述沟槽被构造为用于释放装配时产生的应力。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中的任意一项所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，在装配前，所述密封圈经密封胶水浸泡处理。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中的任意一项所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，还包括填充件，所述填充件为绝缘材料，所述填充件覆盖所述壳体和所述盖体的外部缝隙。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中的任意一项所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述填充件为三防胶或者沥青。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中的任意一项所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，还包括保护元件，所述保护元件被构造为用于防止电池过充、过放、短路和/或过载。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中的任意一项所述的柱状电池或者纽扣电池，其特征在于，还包括用于连接外部电路的单股漆包线，所述单股漆包线被直接焊接在所述盖体和所述壳体的至少一个上。
PCT/CN2017/118910 2017-11-22 2017-12-27 柱状电池或者纽扣电池 WO2019100516A1 (zh)

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