WO2019100421A1 - 配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测方法及装置 - Google Patents

配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2019100421A1
WO2019100421A1 PCT/CN2017/113504 CN2017113504W WO2019100421A1 WO 2019100421 A1 WO2019100421 A1 WO 2019100421A1 CN 2017113504 W CN2017113504 W CN 2017113504W WO 2019100421 A1 WO2019100421 A1 WO 2019100421A1
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acoustic wave
surface acoustic
sensor
wave sensor
oil
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PCT/CN2017/113504
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English (en)
French (fr)
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丁永生
张文强
汪昀
刘廷宇
赵仰东
杨文清
李自清
周翔
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上海置信电气股份有限公司
劭行（苏州）智能科技有限公司
上海置信电气非晶有限公司
江苏宏源电气有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2019100421A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100421A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
    • G01F23/56—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats using elements rigidly fixed to, and rectilinearly moving with, the floats as transmission elements
    • G01F23/62—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats using elements rigidly fixed to, and rectilinearly moving with, the floats as transmission elements using magnetically actuated indicating means

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  • the invention relates to a method and a device for online monitoring of a distribution transformer, in particular to an integrated monitoring method and device for oil level and oil temperature of a transformer oil based on a surface acoustic wave sensor and a magnetic control technology.
  • the temperature rise of the transformer oil usually reflects the load and heat dissipation of the transformer.
  • the oil level reflects the sealing and oil leakage of the transformer.
  • the non-charge monitoring of the oil temperature rise and oil level is very important for the safe and reliable operation of the oil-immersed distribution transformer.
  • the traditional temperature rise monitoring of distribution transformers is realized by wired sensing, and the oil level cannot be monitored (only by visual inspection on the spot).
  • the functions of ambient temperature, oil temperature and oil level detection are isolated designs. Not only the electrical and mechanical structures are complex, but also the reliability of power supply and signal transmission; the common top-mounted tubular oil level gauge cannot realize the remote monitoring function.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the monitoring efficiency of the oil-immersed distribution transformer, and to provide a dual-function integrated monitoring method and device for temperature rise and oil level monitoring.
  • passive wireless sensing technology and magnetic control technology integrated structure design intelligent online monitoring of distribution transformers is realized, which provides technical support for operational data acquisition.
  • a monitoring device for a distribution transformer which includes:
  • a number of surface acoustic wave sensors for monitoring the environment of transformer oil, or transformers, or transformers;
  • the identification tube is located in the outer casing of the monitoring device
  • a connecting rod one end is connected to the marking tube, and the other end is connected to the floating member, and the marking tube is driven to move up and down when the floating member moves up and down;
  • a magnetic control switch disposed at the outer casing
  • the magnetic body is moved up and down with the marking tube to control the magnetic switch to be closed or disconnected when the magnetic control switch is within or outside the range of the magnetic body;
  • One of the pull-in state or the off state of the magnetron switch is set to trigger a state of the oil level alarm signal; when the magnetron switch is in a state of triggering the oil level alarm signal, the monitoring device stops Obtaining monitoring data acquired by at least one surface acoustic wave sensor controlled by the magnetron switch.
  • the surface acoustic wave sensor of the monitoring device comprises:
  • a second surface acoustic wave sensor disposed at an outer casing of the monitoring device
  • the monitoring device stops acquiring the monitoring data collected by the second surface acoustic wave sensor controlled by the magnetic control switch.
  • the first surface acoustic wave sensor is an oil temperature sensor
  • the second surface acoustic wave sensor is an ambient temperature sensor.
  • the monitoring device is provided with a sensor antenna for transmitting information with an antenna of a reader external to the monitoring device;
  • the sensor antenna is respectively connected to each surface acoustic wave sensor through a feed line, and the first signal received by the sensor antenna from the reader is sent to each surface acoustic wave sensor, or each surface acoustic wave sensor is energy-converted according to the first signal.
  • the second signal fed back is sent to the antenna of the reader, and the reader obtains the monitoring data collected by each surface acoustic wave sensor by processing the second signal;
  • the sensor antenna stops acquiring or transmitting the monitoring data collected by the surface acoustic wave sensor controlled by the magnetic switch.
  • the identification tube, the connecting rod and the floating member are internally provided with communicating axial through holes, and the sensor antenna and the first surface acoustic wave sensor embedded in the floating member are passed through corresponding feeding lines passing therethrough Make an electrical connection.
  • the side wall of the outer casing is provided with a transparent observation window for viewing the change of the identification tube when the floating member changes with the oil level.
  • a pressure relief valve is provided at the outer casing to act to release pressure when the gas pressure inside the transformer exceeds a threshold.
  • the surface acoustic wave sensor is embedded in the floating member, and the surface acoustic wave sensor measures the temperature of the transformer oil when the floating member is immersed in the transformer oil;
  • the sensor antenna is connected to the surface acoustic wave sensor through a feeder, and the first signal received by the sensor antenna from the reader is sent to the surface acoustic wave sensor, or the second signal fed back by the surface acoustic wave sensor according to the first signal is energy-converted.
  • An antenna that is sent to the reader that obtains the state of the oil temperature by processing the second signal.
  • Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide an oil level early warning monitoring method for a distribution transformer: a floating member immersed in the transformer oil moves up and down as the oil level changes, and a marker tube is moved up and down in the casing of the monitoring device through the connecting rod. ;
  • the magnetic body disposed at the marking tube moves with the marking tube, and when a magnetic control switch disposed on the outer casing is within or outside the range of the magnetic body, the magnetic control switch is closed or disconnected;
  • the magnetic control switch is connected in series between the surface acoustic wave sensor and the sensor antenna; when the oil level of the transformer is outside the set normal range, the magnetic control switch is turned off, so that the surface acoustic wave sensor stops monitoring data or The sensor antenna is stopped to transmit data monitored by the surface acoustic wave sensor to an external reader, and an oil level alarm is issued.
  • Still another technical solution of the present invention is to provide an integrated monitoring method for oil level and oil temperature of a distribution transformer: a first surface acoustic wave sensor is embedded in the floating member, and the first acoustic surface is immersed in the transformer oil The wave sensor measures the temperature of the transformer oil; a second surface acoustic wave sensor is disposed on the outer casing of the monitoring device to measure the ambient temperature;
  • the sensor antennas respectively connect the first and second surface acoustic wave sensors through the feeder, send the first signal received by the sensor antenna from the reader to the surface acoustic wave sensors, or perform the surface acoustic wave sensors according to the first signal.
  • the floating member moves up and down with the change of the oil level, and the identification tube drives up and down in the outer casing through the connecting rod;
  • the magnetic body disposed at the marking tube moves with the marking tube, so that a magnetic control switch disposed on the outer casing is at When the magnetic body has an inner or outer range of action, the magnetic switch is closed or disconnected;
  • the magnetic control switch is connected in series between the second surface acoustic wave sensor and the sensor antenna; when the oil level of the transformer is outside the set normal range, the magnetic control switch is turned off, so that the second surface acoustic wave sensor stops monitoring. Or stopping the sensor antenna to send the ambient temperature data monitored by the second surface acoustic wave sensor to an external reader, and issuing an oil level alarm.
  • the present invention adopts passive wireless sensing technology and magnetic control technology to realize the integrated design of two functions of oil temperature and oil level monitoring, and not only solves the problem of power supply and inconvenient installation in the conventional wired sensing mode. Moreover, the integration degree of the monitoring device is greatly improved, and the monitoring efficiency of the oil level and oil temperature of the oil-immersed distribution transformer is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an oil level and oil temperature integrated monitoring device for a distribution transformer of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a monitoring device for a distribution transformer, comprising: a reader 101, a reader antenna 102, a pressure relief valve 201, a sensor antenna 202, a feed line 203, an observation window 204, and an identification tube 205.
  • the oil temperature sensor 208 is embedded in the lower part of the floating member 207 for measuring the oil temperature; the outer casing 206 is generally disposed on the cover of the transformer tank, and the floating member 207 is immersed in the transformer tank, and the top oil is passed through the oil temperature sensor 208. The temperature is measured so that the oil level can be measured normally even if the oil level fluctuates up and down.
  • Ambient temperature sensor 210 is attached to housing 206 for measuring ambient temperature.
  • the oil temperature sensor 208 and the ambient temperature sensor 210 are passive wireless sensors (surface acoustic wave sensors) using surface acoustic wave technology.
  • the floating member 207 is located below the outer casing 206 and is connected to one end of the connecting rod 209; an opening is provided at the bottom of the outer casing 206 for the other end of the connecting rod 209 to pass therethrough, thereby being connected to the identification tube 205 disposed inside the outer casing 206.
  • a feeding line 203 correspondingly connected to the oil temperature sensor 208 sequentially passes through an axial through hole opened in the inside of the marking tube 205, the connecting rod 209 and the floating member 207, and is inserted into the upper mounting hole of the outer casing 206.
  • the sensor antenna 202 at the location is connected.
  • the sensor antenna 202 and the ambient temperature sensor 210 are connected by another feed line 203.
  • the side wall of the outer casing 206 is provided with an observation window 204, and a transparent glass plate is mounted on the observation window 204 for viewing the position change of the identification tube 205 through the observation window 204.
  • the surface of the identification tube 205 is coated with two upper and lower colors; when the oil level changes, the floating member 207 moves up and down, and the identification tube 205 is pushed up and down by the connecting rod 209, and the identification tube seen from the observation window 204 is seen. The color of 205 also changes accordingly.
  • the magnetic body 211 is placed inside the identification tube 205, and can move up and down with the identification tube 205 when the oil level is displaced, and controls the pick-up or disconnection of the magnetic control switch 212; the magnetic control switch 212 described in this example is disposed on the outer casing. 206 is connected in series between the ambient temperature sensor 210 and the sensor antenna 202.
  • the reader 101 transmits a signal through the reader antenna 102; the sensor antenna 202 receives the signal from the reader 101 and transmits the signal to the oil temperature sensor 208 and the oil ambient temperature sensor 210 via the feeder 203; the signal enters the oil temperature sensor 208 and the environment.
  • the oil temperature sensor 208 and the ambient temperature sensor 210 respectively send feedback signals, which are sequentially transmitted to the reader 101 through the feeder 203, the sensor antenna 202 and the reader antenna 102; the reader 101 passes the signal Process to obtain the corresponding oil temperature, ambient temperature and oil level status.
  • the magnetic switch 212 When the oil level of the transformer is in the normal range, the magnetic switch 212 is within the range of the magnetic body 211; the magnetic switch 212 is engaged, the ambient temperature sensor 210 can obtain the signal from the reader 101, and transmit the collected ambient temperature signal. The sensor antenna 202 is transmitted. Conversely, when the oil level of the transformer is too low (or too high), the magnetic switch 212 is outside the range of the magnetic body 211; the magnetic switch 212 is turned off, the ambient temperature signal is interrupted, and the oil level alarm is triggered.
  • the pressure relief valve 201 mounted on the top of the outer casing 206 acts to release the pressure for protection.
  • the integrated monitoring method and device for oil level and oil temperature of the distribution transformer of the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, comprehensive monitoring function, high integration degree, convenient installation and maintenance, and the like.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

一种配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测方法，嵌入漂浮件（207）的第一声表面波传感器（208）对变压器油温进行测量；外壳（206）上设置第二声表面波传感器（210）对环境温度进行测量；油位变化使漂浮件（207）上下移动，通过连杆（209）带动标识管（205）在外壳（206）内上下移动；磁性体（211）随标识管（205）上下移动，使外壳（206）上的磁控开关（212）处于该磁性体（211）的作用范围以内或以外时，控制磁控开关（212）吸合或断开；变压器的油位过低时，磁控开关（212）断开，环境温度信号中断，传感器天线（202）断开，油位告警信号得以触发。该发明是基于声表面波传感器和磁控技术的无源无线智能监测技术，具有结构简单、监测功能全面、集成度高、安装维护方便等特点。还公开了配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测装置。

Description

配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种配电变压器在线监测方法及装置，具体是一种基于声表面波传感器和磁控技术的变压器油的油位和油温一体化监测方法及装置。
背景技术
变压器油的温升通常反应了变压器的负载、散热情况。油位则反应了变压器的密封、渗漏油状况，油的温升和油位等非电量监测对于油浸式配电变压器的安全可靠运行非常重要。传统的配电变压器温升监测采用有线传感的方式实现，而油位无法监测(只能通过标识现场目视化检查)。同时，环境温度、油温和油位检测等功能都是孤立设计，不仅电气、机械结构复杂，而且存在供电和信号传输可靠性问题；普通的顶装管式油位计无法实现远程监测功能。
发明的公开
本发明的目的是提高油浸式配电变压器的监测效率，提供一种温升和油位监测的双功能一体化监测方法及装置。通过采用无源无线传感技术和磁控技术一体化结构设计，实现了配电变压器的智能在线监测，为运行数据采集提供技术支撑。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是提供一种配电变压器的监测装置，其包含：
若干声表面波传感器，对变压器油、或变压器、或变压器所在环境进行监测；
漂浮件，浸入变压器油，随油位变化而上下移动；
标识管，位于监测装置的外壳内；
连杆，一端与所述标识管连接，另一端与所述漂浮件连接，在所述漂浮件上下移动时带动所述标识管上下移动；
磁控开关，设置在所述外壳处；
磁性体，设置在所述标识管处；所述磁性体随标识管上下移动，使磁控开关处于该磁性体的作用范围以内或以外时，控制所述磁控开关吸合或断开；
所述磁控开关的吸合状态或断开状态之中的一个，被设定为触发油位告警信号的状态；所述磁控开关处于触发油位告警信号的状态时，所述监测装置停止获取由该磁控开关控制的至少一个声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据。
优选地，所述监测装置的声表面波传感器，包含：
第一声表面波传感器，嵌入在漂浮件处；
第二声表面波传感器，设置在监测装置的外壳处；
所述磁控开关处于触发油位告警信号的状态时，所述监测装置停止获取由该磁控开关控制的第二声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据。
优选地，所述第一声表面波传感器是油温传感器；
第二声表面波传感器是环境温度传感器。
优选地，所述监测装置设有传感器天线，与监测装置外部的阅读器的天线进行信息传递；
所述传感器天线通过馈线分别连接各个声表面波传感器，将该传感器天线从阅读器处接收到的第一信号发送给各声表面波传感器，或者将各声表面波传感器根据第一信号进行能量转换后反馈的第二信号发送给阅读器的天线，所述阅读器通过处理第二信号获得各声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据；
所述磁控开关处于触发油位告警信号的状态时，所述传感器天线停止获取或发送由该磁控开关控制的声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据。
优选地，所述标识管、连杆及漂浮件内部设有相连通的轴向通孔，通过从中穿过的相应馈线，将所述传感器天线与嵌入在漂浮件处的第一声表面波传感器进行电性连接。
优选地，所述外壳的侧壁开设有透明的观察窗，用以在漂浮件随油位变化时查看标识管的变化。
优选地，所述外壳处设有压力释放阀，在变压器内部气体压力超过阈值时动作以释放压力。
本发明的另一个技术方案在于提供一种配电变压器的油温测量方法：
将声表面波传感器嵌入在漂浮件处，所述漂浮件浸入变压器油时，声表面波传感器对变压器油温进行测量；
传感器天线通过馈线连接声表面波传感器，将该传感器天线从阅读器处接收到的第一信号发送给声表面波传感器，或者将声表面波传感器根据第一信号进行能量转换后反馈的第二信号发送给阅读器的天线，所述阅读器通过处理第二信号获得油温的状态。
本发明的又一个技术方案在于提供一种配电变压器的油位预警监测方法：浸入变压器油的漂浮件随油位变化而上下移动，通过连杆带动一标识管在监测装置的外壳内上下移动；
所述标识管处设置的磁性体随该标识管移动，使外壳上设置的一磁控开关处于该磁性体的作用范围以内或以外时，所述磁控开关吸合或断开；
所述磁控开关串联在声表面波传感器及传感器天线之间；变压器的油位处在设定的正常范围以外时，所述磁控开关断开，使所述声表面波传感器停止监测数据或使所述传感器天线停止将声表面波传感器监测的数据向外部的阅读器发送，并发出油位告警。
本发明还有一个技术方案在于提供一种配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测方法：第一声表面波传感器嵌入在漂浮件处，所述漂浮件浸入变压器油时，第一声表面波传感器对变压器油温进行测量；监测装置的外壳上设有第二声表面波传感器，对环境温度进行测量；
传感器天线分别通过馈线连接第一、第二声表面波传感器，将该传感器天线从阅读器处接收到的第一信号发送给各声表面波传感器，或者将各声表面波传感器根据第一信号进行能量转换后反馈的第二信号发送给阅读器的天线，所述阅读器通过处理第二信号获得油温、环境温度的状态；
所述漂浮件随油位变化而上下移动，通过连杆带动一标识管在外壳内上下移动；所述标识管处设置的磁性体随该标识管移动，使外壳上设置的一磁控开关处于该磁性体的作用范围以内或以外时，所述磁控开关吸合或断开；
所述磁控开关串联在第二声表面波传感器及传感器天线之间；变压器的油位处在设定的正常范围以外时，所述磁控开关断开，使第二声表面波传感器停止监测或使所述传感器天线停止将第二声表面波传感器监测的环境温度数据向外部的阅读器发送，并发出油位告警。
综上所述，本发明采用无源无线传感技术和磁控技术，实现油温和油位监测二种功能的一体化设计，不仅解决了传统有线传感方式存在的供电和安装不便的问题，而且大大提高了监测装置的集成度，有助于提高油浸式配电变压器油位和油温的监测效率。
附图的简要说明
图1本发明的配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测装置的示意图。
实现本发明的最佳方式
为了使本技术领域的技术人员能更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图对其具体实施方式进行详细地说明。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种用于配电变压器的监测装置，包含：阅读器101、阅读器天线102、压力释放阀201、传感器天线202、馈线203、观察窗204、标识管205、外壳206、漂浮件207、油温传感器208、连杆209、环境温度传感器210、磁性体211和磁控开关212。
其中，油温传感器208内嵌于漂浮件207的下部，用于测量油温；外壳206一般设置在变压器油箱的箱盖上，而漂浮件207浸入变压器油箱内，通过油温传感器208对顶层油温进行测量，这样即使油位发生上下波动也能正常测量。
环境温度传感器210固定在外壳206上，用于测量环境温度。优选的示例中，油温传感器208、环境温度传感器210均是采用声表面波技术的无源无线传感器(声表面波传感器)。
漂浮件207位于外壳206下方，与连杆209一端连接；在外壳206底部设有开孔，供连杆209的另一端穿过，进而与设置在外壳206内部的标识管205连接。
与油温传感器208对应连接的一路馈线203，依次穿过开设在所述标识管205、连杆209及漂浮件207内部的轴向通孔，与插接在外壳206上部安装孔 处的传感器天线202进行连接。传感器天线202与环境温度传感器210之间通过另一路馈线203连接。
外壳206的侧壁开设有观察窗204，观察窗204上安装有透明玻璃板，以便透过观察窗204来查看标识管205的位置变化。优选的示例中，标识管205的表面涂覆有上下两种颜色；油位变化时，漂浮件207上下移动，通过连杆209推动标识管205上下移动，则从观察窗204看到的标识管205的颜色也相应发生变化。
磁性体211放置于标识管205内部，能在油位变位时随标识管205上下移动，对磁控开关212的吸合或断开进行控制；本例所述的磁控开关212设置在外壳206处，并串联在环境温度传感器210与传感器天线202之间。
阅读器101通过阅读器天线102发射信号；传感器天线202接收来自阅读器101的信号，并把信号通过馈线203分别传输给油温传感器208和油环境温度传感器210；信号进入油温传感器208和环境温度传感器210后，经过能量转换过程，油温传感器208和环境温度传感器210分别发出反馈信号，反馈信号依次通过馈线203、传感器天线202和阅读器天线102传输到阅读器101；阅读器101经过信号处理，获得相应的油温、环境温度和油位的状态。
当变压器的油位处于正常范围时，磁控开关212处于磁性体211作用范围内；磁控开关212吸合，环境温度传感器210可以获得来自阅读器101的信号，以及将采集的环境温度信号传送到传感器天线202进行发射。反之，当变压器的油位过低(或过高)时，磁控开关212处于磁性体211作用范围外；磁控开关212断开，环境温度信号中断，并触发油位告警。
当变压器内部气体压力升高，超过一定阈值时，安装在外壳206顶部的压力释放阀201动作以释放压力，起到保护作用。
综上所述，本发明的配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测方法及装置，具有结构简单、监测功能全面、集成度高、安装维护方便等特点。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后，对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种配电变压器的监测装置，其特征在于，包含：
    若干声表面波传感器，对变压器油、或变压器、或变压器所在环境进行监测；
    漂浮件，浸入变压器油，随油位变化而上下移动；
    标识管，位于监测装置的外壳内；
    连杆，一端与所述标识管连接，另一端与所述漂浮件连接，在所述漂浮件上下移动时带动所述标识管上下移动；
    磁控开关，设置在所述外壳处；
    磁性体，设置在所述标识管处；所述磁性体随标识管上下移动，使磁控开关处于该磁性体的作用范围以内或以外时，控制所述磁控开关吸合或断开；
    所述磁控开关的吸合状态或断开状态之中的一个，被设定为触发油位告警信号的状态；所述磁控开关处于触发油位告警信号的状态时，所述监测装置停止获取由该磁控开关控制的至少一个声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据。
  2. 如权利要求1所述配电变压器的监测装置，其特征在于，
    所述监测装置的声表面波传感器，包含：
    第一声表面波传感器，嵌入在漂浮件处；
    第二声表面波传感器，设置在监测装置的外壳处；
    所述磁控开关处于触发油位告警信号的状态时，所述监测装置停止获取由该磁控开关控制的第二声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据。
  3. 如权利要求2所述配电变压器的监测装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一声表面波传感器是油温传感器；
    第二声表面波传感器是环境温度传感器。
  4. 如权利要求2所述配电变压器的监测装置，其特征在于，
    所述监测装置设有传感器天线，与监测装置外部的阅读器的天线进行信息传递；
    所述传感器天线通过馈线分别连接各个声表面波传感器，将该传感器天线从阅读器处接收到的第一信号发送给各声表面波传感器，或者将各声表面波传感器根据第一信号进行能量转换后反馈的第二信号发送给阅读器的天线，所述阅读器通过处理第二信号获得各声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据；
    所述磁控开关处于触发油位告警信号的状态时，所述传感器天线停止获取或发送由该磁控开关控制的声表面波传感器所采集的监测数据。
  5. 如权利要求4所述配电变压器的监测装置，其特征在于，
    所述标识管、连杆及漂浮件内部设有相连通的轴向通孔，通过从中穿过的相应馈线，将所述传感器天线与嵌入在漂浮件处的第一声表面波传感器进行电性连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述配电变压器的监测装置，其特征在于，
    所述外壳的侧壁开设有透明的观察窗，用以在漂浮件随油位变化时查看标识管的变化。
  7. 如权利要求1所述配电变压器的监测装置，其特征在于，
    所述外壳处设有压力释放阀，在变压器内部气体压力超过阈值时动作以释放压力。
  8. 一种配电变压器的油温测量方法，其特征在于，
    将声表面波传感器嵌入在漂浮件处，所述漂浮件浸入变压器油时，声表面波传感器对变压器油温进行测量；
    传感器天线通过馈线连接声表面波传感器，将该传感器天线从阅读器处接收到的第一信号发送给声表面波传感器，或者将声表面波传感器根据第一信号进行能量转换后反馈的第二信号发送给阅读器的天线，所述阅读器通过处理第二信号获得油温的状态。
  9. 一种配电变压器的油位预警监测方法，其特征在于，
    浸入变压器油的漂浮件随油位变化而上下移动，通过连杆带动一标识管在监测装置的外壳内上下移动；
    所述标识管处设置的磁性体随该标识管移动，使外壳上设置的一磁控开关处于该磁性体的作用范围以内或以外时，所述磁控开关吸合或断开；
    所述磁控开关串联在声表面波传感器及传感器天线之间；变压器的油位处在设定的正常范围以外时，所述磁控开关断开，使所述声表面波传感器停止监测数据或使所述传感器天线停止将声表面波传感器监测的数据向外部的阅读器发送，并发出油位告警。
  10. 一种配电变压器的油位和油温一体化监测方法，其特征在于，
    第一声表面波传感器嵌入在漂浮件处，所述漂浮件浸入变压器油时，第一声表面波传感器对变压器油温进行测量；监测装置的外壳上设有第二声表面波传感器，对环境温度进行测量；
    传感器天线分别通过馈线连接第一、第二声表面波传感器，将该传感器天线从阅读器处接收到的第一信号发送给各声表面波传感器，或者将各声表面波传感器根据第一信号进行能量转换后反馈的第二信号发送给阅读器的天线，所述阅读器通过处理第二信号获得油温、环境温度的状态；
    所述漂浮件随油位变化而上下移动，通过连杆带动一标识管在外壳内上下移动；所述标识管处设置的磁性体随该标识管移动，使外壳上设置的一磁控开关处于该磁性体的作用范围以内或以外时，所述磁控开关吸合或断开；
    所述磁控开关串联在第二声表面波传感器及传感器天线之间；变压器的油位处在设定的正常范围以外时，所述磁控开关断开，使第二声表面波传感器停止监测或使所述传感器天线停止将第二声表面波传感器监测的环境温度数据向外部的阅读器发送，并发出油位告警。
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