WO2019100221A1

WO2019100221A1 - Monitoring system and fault diagnosis apparatus thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2019100221A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/112205
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王志强; 曹晶
Original assignee: 贵州智慧能源科技有限公司
Priority date: 2017-11-21
Filing date: 2017-11-21
Publication date: 2019-05-31

Abstract

Provided is a monitoring system. The monitoring system comprises a gas turbine (10), a transmitter (60) and a fault diagnosis apparatus (50). The gas turbine (10) comprises a data acquisition unit (190) monitoring an actual operating parameter P when the gas turbine is operating; the transmitter (60) converts the actual operating parameter P to an actual operating parameter Q recognizable to the fault diagnosis apparatus (50); the fault diagnosis apparatus (50) outputs a virtual operating parameter R of the gas turbine by means of virtually operating the gas turbine system; and the fault diagnosis apparatus (50) further searches a fault database according to a difference between the virtual operating parameter R and the monitored actual operating parameter Q, and outputs a searched fault reason for the gas turbine (10) and a fault processing measure, so as to facilitate a user in acquiring and processing a fault occurring in the gas turbine (10). Thus, an operator on duty can quickly process the fault of the gas turbine according to information provided by the monitoring system, and the complexity of gas turbine maintenance can be reduced. A fault diagnosis apparatus is further provided.

Description

\¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205

Monitoring system and its fault diagnosis device

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a monitoring system, and more particularly to a fault diagnosis apparatus for a monitoring system.

Background technique

[0002] At present, the monitoring system used by most gas turbines can directly detect the parameters of each node of the operating system and give a real-time running curve. When an abnormality occurs in the body, only the alarm code can be given, and the cause of the fault cannot be diagnosed in real time. This increases the complexity of the overall maintenance of the gas turbine and the technical requirements for the duty personnel.

technical problem

In view of this, the present invention provides a monitoring system that is easier to maintain.

Problem solution

Technical solution

[0004] A monitoring system includes a gas turbine and a transmitter, the gas turbine including a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a generator, and a data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit is configured to monitor an actual operation of the gas turbine The monitoring system further includes a fault diagnosis device, and the transmitter converts the actual operating parameter of the gas turbine collected by the data collecting unit into an actual operating parameter that can be recognized by the fault diagnostic device and will actually operate Parameter 0 is sent to the fault detecting device; the fault diagnostic device outputs a virtual operating parameter of the gas turbine by virtually operating the gas turbine system. The fault diagnostic device is further configured to use the virtual operating parameter and the monitored actual operation of the gas turbine The parameter (3 is compared, and then the fault database is retrieved according to the virtual running parameter 1^ and the monitored entity operating parameter (the difference of 3), and the retrieved gas turbine fault cause and fault handling measure are outputted so that the user can know and process the gas turbine A failure has occurred.

[0005] In an embodiment, the fault diagnosis system includes a storage unit, an analog unit, a diagnosis unit, a query unit, and an output unit;

[0006] the storage unit is configured to store a fault database, where the fault database includes fault data, a fault cause, and a fault handling measure; \¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205

[0007] The simulation unit establishes an equal-size virtual model according to the gas turbine inherent size parameter; the simulation unit performs various simulation operations according to the actual operating parameter virtual model and the basic data to obtain a series of actual operating parameters (3 phases) Corresponding virtual gas turbine operating parameters

[0008] the diagnostic unit compares the actual operating parameter sent by the transmitter with the virtual operating parameter calculated by the analog unit to determine whether the working condition of the gas turbine is normal and stable; The comparison result is that the difference between the actual operating parameter (3 and the virtual operating parameter 1^ is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the diagnostic unit considers that the gas turbine operation is faulty, generates fault data, and transmits the fault data to the query unit;

[0009] the query unit retrieves the fault database in the storage unit according to the fault data sent by the diagnostic unit, and sends the fault cause and fault handling measure corresponding to the fault data in the queryed database to the output unit. ;

[0010] The output unit outputs a fault cause and a fault handling measure sent by the query unit so that the user can know and handle the fault that occurs in the gas turbine.

[0011] In an embodiment, the monitoring system further includes a console provided with a display unit, and the query unit can synchronously output data to the display unit of the console, and the display unit of the console The cause of the fault and the fault handling measures sent by the query unit are displayed.

[0012] In addition, the present invention also provides a fault diagnosis apparatus that is easier to maintain.

[0013] A fault diagnosis apparatus for use in a monitoring system, the monitoring system including a gas turbine and a transmitter, the gas turbine including a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a generator, and a data acquisition unit; The collecting unit is configured to monitor actual operating parameters of the gas turbine during operation, and the transmitter converts actual operating parameters of the gas turbine collected by the data collecting unit into actual operating parameters that can be recognized by the fault diagnostic device and The actual operating parameter (3 is sent to the fault detecting device; the fault diagnostic device outputs a virtual operating parameter of the gas turbine by virtually operating the gas turbine system. The fault diagnostic device is further configured to use the virtual operating parameter and the monitored device The actual operating parameters of the gas turbine (3 relative ratio, and then according to the virtual operating parameters 1 and the monitored physical operating parameters (3 differences retrieve the fault database and will retrieve the gas turbine fault cause and fault handling measures for the user to know and handle a fault that occurs in the gas turbine; wherein the fault The diagnostic system includes a storage unit, an analog unit, a diagnosis unit, a query unit, and an output unit; \¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205

[0014] the storage unit is configured to store a fault database, where the fault database includes fault data, a fault cause, and a fault handling measure;

[0015] the simulation unit establishes an equal-size virtual model according to the gas turbine inherent size parameter; the simulation unit performs various simulation operations according to the actual operating parameter virtual model and the basic data to obtain a series of actual operating parameters (3 phases) Corresponding virtual gas turbine operating parameters

[0016] the diagnostic unit compares the actual operating parameters sent by the transmitter with the virtual operating parameters calculated by the analog unit to determine whether the working condition of the gas turbine is normal and stable; The comparison result is that the difference between the actual operating parameter (3 and the virtual operating parameter 1^ is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the diagnostic unit considers that the gas turbine operation is faulty, generates fault data, and transmits the fault data to the query unit;

[0017] the query unit retrieves the fault database in the storage unit according to the fault data sent by the diagnostic unit, and sends the fault cause and fault handling measure corresponding to the fault data in the queryed database to the output unit. ;

[0018] The output unit outputs a fault cause and a fault handling measure sent by the query unit so that the user can know and handle the fault that occurs in the gas turbine.

[0019] In an embodiment, the simulation operation includes thermal calculations and hydrodynamic calculations.

[0020] In an embodiment, the actual operating parameter is at least one of an environmental parameter, a gas turbine starting parameter 6 and a gas turbine performance indicating parameter (:, generator parameter 0, oil indicating parameter £, and vibration indicating parameter). .

[0021] In an embodiment, the environmental parameter eight includes atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity, air quality; the gas turbine starting parameter 6 includes a starting machine speed and power; the gas turbine performance indicating parameter (including a rotating speed, Air flow, fuel composition, fuel flow, fuel temperature, temperature and pressure of each node, total compressor work, exhaust gas composition; said generator parameter 发电机 includes generator load, generated power, voltage, current, and frequency; The oil indicating parameters include oil pressure, oil temperature, tank level and oil flow rate; the vibration indicating parameters include displacement, speed, amplitude and frequency.

[0022] In an embodiment, the basic data includes ambient pressure, ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, rotational speed, fuel type, fuel calorific value, and fuel pressure.

[0023] In an embodiment, the virtual operating parameter 1^ includes the pressure after the compressor, the temperature after the compressor, and the pressure \¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205 air flow air consumption fuel consumption, gas turbine inlet temperature, gas turbine inlet pressure, power turbine inlet temperature, power turbine inlet pressure, exhaust temperature, Exhaust pressure, compressor input power, power turbine output power, power generation and power generation efficiency.

[0024] In an embodiment, the transmitter is integrated within the fault diagnostic system.

Advantageous effects of the invention

Beneficial effect

[0025] In summary, the monitoring system provided by the present invention can monitor and analyze the working condition of the gas turbine. The above monitoring system can directly provide the cause of the failure and the troubleshooting measures when the gas turbine fails. On-duty personnel can quickly handle gas turbine faults based on information provided by the monitoring system, which reduces the complexity of gas turbine maintenance and greatly reduces the technical requirements of the duty personnel.

Brief description of the drawing

DRAWINGS

1 is a functional block diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a basic data table of an embodiment.

[0028] FIG. 3 is a comparison table of actual operating parameters (^ and virtual operating parameters 11 of an embodiment).

Invention embodiment

Embodiments of the invention

[0029] Before the embodiments are described in detail, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the details The invention may be embodied in other ways. Further, it should be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein are for the purpose of description The words "including", "comprising", "having", and the like, as used herein, are meant to include the items listed thereafter, their equivalents, and other additional items. In particular, when describing "a certain element", the present invention does not limit the number of the elements to one, and may include a plurality.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a gas turbine monitoring system 99 that outputs a virtual operating parameter of a gas turbine by virtually operating a gas turbine system and then the virtual operating parameters and the actual gas turbines that are monitored. The operating parameters (3 are compared to monitor the operation of the gas turbine. Further, the monitoring system 99 can also be based on the virtual operating parameters 1 and the actual operation of the monitored gas turbine \¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205 The difference between the parameters 检索 retrieves the fault database, and the gas turbine is diagnosed online in real time and the fault handling measures are given.

[0031] The monitoring system 99 includes a gas turbine 10, a fault diagnostic device 50, a transmitter 60, and a console 70. In the present embodiment, the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 110, a combustion chamber 130, a turbine 150, a generator 170, and a data acquisition unit 190. The three components of compressor 110, combustion chamber 130 and turbine 150 make up the gas turbine cycle.

[0032] The compressor 110 draws in air from the outside atmospheric environment, and is pressurized by the compressor 110 stepwise to increase the temperature, and the air temperature is also increased accordingly. The compressed air is sent to the combustion chamber 130 to be mixed with the injected fuel to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure gas; and then enters into the turbine 150 to expand work, and the turbine is driven to drive the compressor 11 〇 and the external load rotor to rotate at a high speed. The chemical energy of the gas or liquid fuel is partially converted into mechanical energy and outputs electrical energy. The exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 150 is naturally radiated to the atmosphere.

[0033] Thus, the gas turbine 10 converts the chemical energy of the fuel into heat energy and converts part of the heat energy into mechanical energy. Typically in the gas turbine 10, the compressor 110 is driven by the expansion of the gas turbine 150, which is the load of the turbine 150. In the gas turbine cycle, the mechanical energy from the turbine 150 is used to partially drive the compressor 110, with some mechanical work to drive the generator 170. When the gas turbine 10 is started, external power is first required. Generally, the starter (not shown) drives the compressor 110 until the mechanical energy emitted by the gas turbine 150 is greater than the mechanical energy consumed by the compressor 110, and the external starter trips, the gas turbine 10 can work independently.

[0034] The data acquisition unit 190 can be a sensor that is capable of monitoring a series of parameters of the gas turbine 10 in actual operation. (hereinafter referred to as the actual operating parameters ?). The actual operating parameters include environmental parameters, gas turbine starting parameters 6 and gas turbine performance indicating parameters (:, generator parameter 0, oil indicating parameter £ and vibration indicating parameters. The above environmental parameters eight can be atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity Air quality The above gas turbine starting parameter 6 may be the starter speed and power. The above gas turbine performance indication parameters (: can be speed, air flow, fuel composition, fuel flow, fuel temperature, temperature and pressure of each node, total compressor work) The exhaust gas component can be the generator load, the generated power, the voltage, the current, and the frequency. The above-mentioned oil indicating parameters include oil pressure, oil temperature, tank level and oil flow. Parameters? Includes displacement, velocity, amplitude, and frequency.

[0035] The fault diagnosis apparatus 50 includes a storage unit 520, an analog unit 530, a diagnosis unit 550, and a query unit 570. \¥0 2019/100221 卩 (: 17 \2017/112205 and output unit 590. The transmitter 60 converts the actual operating parameters of the gas turbine 10 collected by the data acquisition unit 190 into an analog unit 530 that can be used by the fault diagnostic device 50. The identified actual operating parameters and the actual operating parameters of the gas turbine 10 are sent to the analog unit 530. In the present embodiment, the fault diagnostic device 50 is a computer, and the transmitter 60 is independent of the fault diagnostic device 50. In the manner, the transmitter 60 can also be integrated into the fault diagnostic device 50.

[0036] The storage unit 520 is configured to store a fault database, where the fault database includes fault data, a fault cause, and a fault handling measure. The database system is programmed based on the symptoms or phenomena of the gas turbine failure and their corresponding locations, causes, effects, and treatments. In addition to being able to retrieve the cause of the fault, the database system can also store fault information (time, phenomenon, cause, operation, etc.) to form a log for maintenance. When there is no fault, the operating parameter value can be stored as needed to facilitate routine maintenance of the gas turbine. It is also possible to judge the maintenance period of the gas turbine. For example: When there is a large difference in pressure after the compressor, the intake pressure and temperature, and the amount of air intake can be combined. The possible causes are air intake filter blockage, gas seal wear leak, compressor wheel impeller, etc. The measures are to clean or replace the air intake filter, check the air seal and the impeller. When the vibration of the gas turbine exceeds the standard, the possible causes are: bearing wear, rotor deformation or crack, oil problem, loose support, etc., and other parameters need to be combined to confirm the fault location and cause.

[0037] The simulation unit 530 establishes an equal-sized virtual model based on the inherent size parameters of the gas turbine 10. The simulation unit 530 performs various simulation operations according to the actual operating parameter virtual model and the basic data to obtain a series of virtual gas turbine operating parameters corresponding to the actual operating parameters (3). In the present embodiment, the above simulation operations include but are not limited to thermal calculations. And fluid aerodynamic calculations.

[0038] In the present embodiment, the basic data includes ambient pressure, ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, rotational speed, fuel type, fuel calorific value, and fuel pressure. The above basic data may be stored in the storage unit 520 in advance and then accessed by the analog unit 530 as needed, or may be directly input to the analog unit 530 by the user. Please refer to the table in Figure 2 for specific basic data.

[0039] In the present embodiment, the virtual operating parameter 1^ includes the post-compressor pressure, the post-compressor temperature, the compressor air flow fuel consumption, the gas turbine inlet temperature, the gas turbine inlet pressure, the power turbine inlet Temperature, power turbine inlet pressure, exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure, compressor input power, power turbine output power, power generation and power generation efficiency. Specific actual operating parameters and virtual operating parameters 1 ^ please \¥0 2019/100221 卩 (: 17 \2017/112205 The table in Figure 3.

[0040] The diagnostic unit 550 compares the actual operating parameters transmitted by the transmitter 60 with the virtual operating parameters calculated by the analog unit 53 to determine whether the operating conditions of the gas turbine 10 are normally stable. When the comparison result of the diagnosis unit 550 is that the difference between the actual operation parameter (3 and the virtual operation parameter 1^ is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the diagnosis unit 550 considers that the gas turbine 10 is malfunctioning, generates failure data, and transmits the failure data to the inquiry unit. 570.

The query unit 570 retrieves the fault data database in the storage unit 520 according to the fault data sent by the diagnostic unit 550, and sends the fault cause and fault handling measures corresponding to the fault data in the queried database to the output unit 590.

[0042] The output unit 590 outputs the cause of the fault and the fault handling measures sent by the query unit 570. In the present embodiment, the output unit 590 is provided with a display function to display the cause of the malfunction and the fault handling measures to facilitate the on-duty personnel to understand the operating conditions of the gas turbine 10 and to treat the malfunction of the gas turbine 10.

[0043] The query unit 570 can also synchronously output the data to the display unit 710 of the console 70, and display the fault cause and fault handling measures sent by the query unit 570 by the display unit 710, so that the on-duty personnel can see on the console 70. View the cause of the failure of the gas turbine 10 and the troubleshooting measures to save time on duty.

[0044] In summary, the above monitoring system 99 can remotely control the operation of the gas turbine 10 in addition to monitoring and displaying operating parameters. When the operation of the gas turbine 10 fails, the on-duty personnel can quickly solve the problem after receiving the fault information fed back by the computer to prevent a safety accident. The control flow of the traditional gas turbine 10 control system is to collect data, feedback, and display. The system uses the computer as the carrier of the virtual gas turbine and the database. In addition to the data collection, feedback and display, the control process also increases the simulation, comparison and judgment of the data, and on the basis of the fault diagnosis. Therefore, the monitoring system 99 of the gas turbine 10 provided by the present invention can simplify the operation of the gas turbine, reduce the difficulty of maintenance and overhaul, comprehensively monitor and control the operation state of the gas turbine, and realize the automation of gas turbine fault detection.

[0045] It can be seen from the above that the monitoring system 99 provided by the present invention can monitor and control online, and automatically analyze the working state of the gas turbine 10 in real time; when the body is in normal operation, the system records the operation information and infers the maintenance time according to the recorded data; When the operating conditions of the machine are abnormal, the system can directly analyze the fault point and feed it back to the on-duty personnel. At the same time, the fault information is collected in the database for easy maintenance. In this way, use \¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205 The control system 99, in the first time of failure, analyzes the possible fault points and incentives and the corresponding treatment measures. This can reduce the gas turbine 10 The complexity of operation and maintenance greatly reduces the technical requirements of the on-duty personnel. In addition, the monitoring system 99 of the gas turbine 10 of the present invention enables the on-duty personnel to remotely monitor through the online monitoring system to understand the working conditions of the aircraft in real time. The operation monitoring and maintenance of the gas turbine is simple, fast and real-time, and the automatic fault analysis of the monitoring and monitoring system 99 is also realized.

[0046] The concepts described herein may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The specific embodiments disclosed are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. Therefore, the scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims rather Any changes which come within the meaning and range of the claims are intended to be within the scope of the claims.

Claims

\¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205 Claims

[Claim 1] A monitoring system includes a gas turbine and a transmitter, the gas turbine including a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a generator, and a data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit is configured to monitor the gas turbine operation time Actual operating parameters? The monitoring system further includes a fault diagnosis device, wherein the transmitter converts the actual operating parameter of the gas turbine collected by the data acquisition unit into an actual operating parameter that can be recognized by the fault diagnosis device. Transmitting the actual operating parameter 0 to the fault detecting device; the fault diagnostic device outputs a virtual operating parameter of the gas turbine by virtual running the gas turbine system; the fault diagnostic device is further configured to use the virtual operating parameter and the monitored The actual operating parameters of the gas turbine (3 relative ratio, and then according to the virtual operating parameters 1 and the monitored physical operating parameters (3 differences in the retrieval of the fault database, and the retrieved gas turbine fault causes and fault handling measures for the user The failure of the gas turbine is known and handled.

[Claim 2] The monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the fault diagnosis system comprises a storage unit, an analog unit, a diagnosis unit, a query unit, and an output unit;

The storage unit is configured to store a fault database, where the fault database includes fault data, a cause of the fault, and a fault handling measure;

The simulation unit establishes an equal-size virtual model according to the gas turbine inherent size parameter; the simulation unit performs various simulation operations according to the actual operating parameter virtual model and the basic data to obtain a series of virtual corresponding to the actual operating parameters (3) Gas turbine operating parameter II;

The diagnostic unit compares the actual operating parameters sent by the transmitter (3 with the virtual operating parameters calculated by the analog unit to determine whether the operating condition of the gas turbine is normally stable; when comparing the diagnostic units The result is that the difference between the actual operating parameter (3 and the virtual operating parameter 1^ is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the diagnostic unit considers that the gas turbine operation is faulty, generates fault data, and transmits the fault data to the query unit; The unit retrieves the fault database in the storage unit according to the fault data sent by the diagnostic unit, and the fault reason corresponding to the fault data in the queried database and \¥0 2019/100221 卩 (: 17 \2017/112205 troubleshooting measures are sent to the output unit;

The output unit outputs a fault cause and a fault handling measure sent by the query unit so that the user can know and handle the fault that occurs in the gas turbine.

[Claim 3] The monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring system further includes a console provided with a display unit, and the query unit can synchronously output data to the display unit of the console The cause of the fault and the fault handling measure sent by the query unit are displayed by the display unit of the console.

[Claim 4] A fault diagnosis apparatus for use in a monitoring system, the monitoring system including a gas turbine and a transmitter, the gas turbine including a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a generator, and a data acquisition unit; The data collecting unit is configured to monitor actual operating parameters of the gas turbine during operation, wherein: the transmitter converts an actual operating parameter of the gas turbine collected by the data collecting unit into being identifiable by the fault diagnosis device Actual operating parameters and the actual operating parameters are sent to the fault detecting device; the fault diagnostic device outputs virtual operating parameters of the gas turbine by virtually operating the gas turbine system. The fault diagnostic device is further configured to use the virtual operating parameters and Detecting the actual operating parameters of the gas turbine (3 relative ratio, and then retrieving the fault database according to the difference between the virtual operating parameter 1 and the monitored physical operating parameter 〇 and retrieving the gas turbine fault cause and fault handling measures for The user knows and processes the gas wheel The fault that occurs in the machine includes: a storage unit, an analog unit, a diagnosis unit, a query unit, and an output unit;

The diagnostic unit compares the actual operating parameters sent by the transmitter (3 with the virtual operating parameters calculated by the analog unit to determine whether the working condition of the gas turbine is \¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205 Normally stable; when the comparison result of the diagnostic unit is the actual operating parameter (3 and the difference between the virtual operating parameter 1^ is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the diagnosis The unit considers that the gas turbine operation is faulty, generates fault data and sends the fault data to the query unit; the query unit retrieves the fault database in the storage unit according to the fault data sent by the diagnostic unit, and queries the database. The fault cause corresponding to the fault data and the fault handling measure are sent to the output unit;

[Claim 5] The fault diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the simulation operation includes thermal calculation and fluid aerodynamic calculation.

[Claim 6] The fault diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the actual operating parameter? At least one of the environmental parameters, the gas turbine starting parameter 6 and the gas turbine performance indicating parameter (:, generator parameter 〇, oil indicating parameter £ and vibration indicating parameter).

[Claim 7] The fault diagnosis apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the environmental parameter eight includes atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity, and air quality; and the gas turbine starting parameter 6 includes a starter speed and power; The gas turbine performance indication parameter (including speed, air flow, fuel composition, fuel flow, fuel temperature, temperature and pressure of each node, total compressor work, exhaust gas composition; the generator parameter 〇 includes generator load, Generating power, voltage, current, and frequency; the oil indicating parameter includes oil pressure, oil temperature, tank level, and oil flow rate; the vibration indicating parameter includes displacement, speed, amplitude, and frequency.

[Claim 8] The fault diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the basic data includes ambient pressure, ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, rotational speed, fuel type, fuel calorific value, and fuel pressure.

[Claim 9] The fault diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the virtual operation parameter

1^ includes the post-compressor pressure, compressor post-temperature, compressor air flow fuel consumption, gas turbine inlet temperature, gas turbine inlet pressure, power turbine inlet temperature, power turbine inlet pressure, exhaust gas temperature, Exhaust pressure, compressor input power, power turbine output power, power generation and power generation efficiency. \¥0 2019/100221 卩(:17 \2017/112205

[Claim 10] The fault diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the transmitter is integrated in the fault diagnosis system.