WO2019096191A1 - 基于xbrl标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法 - Google Patents

基于xbrl标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法 Download PDF

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WO2019096191A1
WO2019096191A1 PCT/CN2018/115557 CN2018115557W WO2019096191A1 WO 2019096191 A1 WO2019096191 A1 WO 2019096191A1 CN 2018115557 W CN2018115557 W CN 2018115557W WO 2019096191 A1 WO2019096191 A1 WO 2019096191A1
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data
master data
management
master
xmd
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French (fr)
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刘�东
许岩龙
唐军
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四川长虹电器股份有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/10Text processing
    • G06F40/12Use of codes for handling textual entities
    • G06F40/14Tree-structured documents
    • G06F40/143Markup, e.g. Standard Generalized Markup Language [SGML] or Document Type Definition [DTD]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/80Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10Office automation; Time management
    • G06Q10/103Workflow collaboration or project management

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to data standardization and data management technology, and particularly relates to a design method of a master data management system based on the XBRL standard.
  • Master data refers to state data that can be repeatedly referenced by enterprise business activity record data and that changes relatively slowly.
  • the management master data is established from two perspectives: the object of establishing the business activity and the dimension of the business activity analysis.
  • the main data needs to be highly consistent within the enterprise; in order to ensure the referential integrity of the business data generated by the business activities; the use of the enterprise master data, the change control is managed by the centralized bus and assigned to the business system permissions.
  • the main data is not all business data, but the data that needs to be shared between enterprises and systems is the main data.
  • most of the transaction data, billing data, etc. are not the main data, but like the data describing the core business entity.
  • customer, supplier, account, organizational unit, employee, partner, location information, etc. are the main data.
  • the data standards used by traditional master data management systems are system- or enterprise-defined system-level or enterprise-level data standards that model, identify, resolve, contact, and govern master data through such data standards, for cross-enterprise or cross-business areas. It is unrealistic to stop applying, or to allow all companies to follow a specific system or enterprise-defined data standard.
  • enterprise business integration and business migration to the cloud platform It is a general trend to improve production efficiency and use big data to mine high-quality data to provide accurate analysis for the enterprise management decision-making layer.
  • the traditional master data management system due to the limitation of data standards and its scope of influence, is not suitable for the production efficiency and improvement of decision-making quality of enterprises building cloud platforms in the new era, but needs to have the ability to integrate various business fields, and is internationally applicable.
  • Level 1 Provide a list, each department independently maintains its own physical data files, and provides offline review;
  • Level 2 Equal access, through the interface, the direct connection between each system and the (Central Knowledge Base) master data host, an application to update or refresh the required data by calling another application;
  • Level 3 Centralized bus processing, breaking the organizational boundaries of individual applications, using a unified standard to build a common, goal-based, centralized data access, control of master data in a standardized centralized management model across different applications and systems, supporting consistency Enterprise data view, supporting primary reference data;
  • Level 4 Business rules and policy support to build and form automated business rule processing and distribution processes that not only support rule-based integration, but also integrate external workflows to support any business-oriented rule in a flexible and sustainable manner over the bus set;
  • Level 5 Enterprise data aggregation, comprehensive bus integration application system, service based on business applications and data, class blockchain, all master data is transparent, unified use of data definition, authorization use and change propagation.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a design method of a master data management system based on the XBRL standard, establish a unified controllable data query dimension standard for data application analysis, and establish a Level 5 level master data management system to ensure Unified master data management under each business.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is: a design method of a master data management system based on the XBRL standard, including:
  • the system is designed as a four-layer architecture of a standard layer, a common layer, a service layer, and an application layer;
  • the standard layer specifies the element semantics and data format requirements of the XMD, including the requirements of the software business elements, service storage methods, and data transmission structure formats;
  • the public layer establishes a master data management platform based on the standard layer, provides unified primary data elements and fact values for different enterprise systems, and manages primary data such as redundancy and data quality, and provides a visual view in an open mode. Define assembly, registration management, authentication security, data distribution and propagation services, and divide the main data fact value usage into two categories: static public class and common shared class.
  • the common layer contains element data management and common master data.
  • the metadata management is XBRL.
  • the service layer is based on a common layer, and the business application system uses the common layer master data to complete the main data reference and metadata reference required for the business function.
  • the main data of the business system is divided into two categories according to public and extended, and the public includes the main body that references the public layer.
  • Data and public master data within the system, the extension is the system to extend the unique master data according to business requirements;
  • the application layer is an application that performs various specific service capabilities, and the main data used is provided by the service layer system.
  • step b the XMD master data management system architecture hierarchy relationship is referenced from top to bottom, and is summarized from bottom to top;
  • the standard layer normalizes the main data and metadata
  • the common layer manages the main data from the smallest unit element particle according to the standard specification
  • the business layer system refers to the common layer main data, and refers to the common layer metadata standard
  • the cross-system master data of different enterprises rises to the common layer master data
  • the ascending and collecting path is from the business layer system to the standard layer standard to the public layer master data
  • the rising public master Data is referenced or referenced by top-down rules to form a master data ecological management mechanism from standardized elements to publicized data to referenced data to ascending shared data.
  • step c the data flow design of the XMD master data management system is divided into three layers, namely, public master data, service master data, and application scenario master data:
  • the public master data is divided into a static common library and a common shared library.
  • the static common library provides an objective primary data value for the business system
  • the common shared library provides a subjective primary data value for the business system, and the ascending and aggregating rich and exhaustive primary data values;
  • the service master data is the master data of the service scope of each service system. It is referenced from the public master data and can be extended by itself.
  • a service system master data can correspond to multiple application scenarios and is a collection of master data of multiple application scenarios. ;
  • the main data of the application scenario is a collection of main business data of the application scenario with multiple business systems;
  • the main data used by the public master data to the application scenario has a cascade communication mechanism
  • the common master data is the master data
  • the service system is the slave master data
  • the master pair initiates the real cascade management to achieve the unified goal of the master data.
  • the XMD main data management system function module is designed into a main data class module, a function class module, an asset class module and a bus or gateway, and a user interaction module;
  • the main data class module includes an element particle center, a creation table engine, a static public class data management, a common shared class data management, a metadata management module, and a check collection engine;
  • the element particle center is the data representation of the XBRL data granulation standard, including the management of various master data elements and the management of report elements and accounting system elements; the creation of the table engine is mainly for the extended master data to dynamically create the master data classification table.
  • the metadata management module according to the element particle center for all metadata and its reference relationship Management; the verification and collection engine is based on the definition rules of the main data into the public master data management system, and automatically increases the dimension of the shared data from each business application system to benchmark and rise management;
  • Functional class modules include data retrieval, data permissions, data collection, version control, registration, relationship management, service monitoring, element granules, and redundant recognition engines, quality rules engines, and policy flow engines; data retrieval provides users with respect to master data.
  • Query function data access control data access level
  • data collection and verification check engine completes the processing of shared data
  • version control is the management of the main data and the version of the element itself
  • registration is the service to access XMD
  • the application system entity manages and allocates the primary data authority; the relationship management sets the association relationship between the primary data; the service monitoring performs full tracking and monitoring on all services of the XMD; the elemental particles manage the elements according to the XBRL data granularity standard; Redundant recognition engine identifies and processes data values and element particle redundancy; quality rule engine performs data verification and quality management; policy process engine mainly manages and processes policy for data subscription and distribution, and auditing. ;
  • the asset class module includes a standard data linker, an XBRL data center and data asset management, and a control center.
  • the standard data linker generates the instance document through the XBRL processor according to the XBRL data granulation standard, and stores it in the XBRL database, the data asset. Manage the management of data assets in the XBRL database;
  • the bus or the gateway is a bidirectional channel for providing a data interface to the user interaction module by using the main data module, the function class module and the data asset module in the form of a gateway, including subscribing, distributing, and disseminating the main data to the business application system;
  • the user interaction module is a front-end interaction interface provided by XMD for users, including visual operations on the main data service, data retrieval, customization of the master data template, and subscription, distribution, and broadcasting of data.
  • the defining rules for inclusion in the scope of the public master data management system include:
  • the XMD master data management process design includes:
  • the business system sorts out the main data requirements
  • the business system master data using XMD master data is synchronized with the common master data to maintain data consistency and integrity.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention constructs a master data management system based on the XBRL standard, defines arbitrary types of master data with a flexible data model, quickly matches and accurately identifies duplicates, and combines to create a reliable and unique real source, revealing The relationship between various types of master data, in order to provide business integration and master data for enterprise production and decision making in the cloud computing and big data era, and high-quality data supported by accurate decision-making.
  • the invention aims to propose a design method of a master data management system based on the XBRL standard, establish a unified controllable data query dimension standard for data application analysis, and establish a Level 5 level master data management system to ensure that under each service Unified master data management. Focus on two levels of issues: the data relationship of the same business system of different enterprises and the data relationship of different business systems of the same enterprise.
  • XBRL master data is defined as consisting of types, element particles, metadata, and master data fact values. Types are classified according to business purposes, such as administrative areas, accounting subjects, etc.
  • the main data is classified into static public classes and common shared classes on the basis of classification.
  • the element particle is the header field of the main data and is the smallest particle;
  • the metadata is the general name of the element particle and the element description attribute;
  • the fact value is the specific business value of the main data.
  • country is an elemental particle, which is called metadata together with the data type and length of the description country. The specific value of China, Italy, etc. is called the fact value of the main data.
  • XBRL metadata management the data element of the primary data, uses a set of attributes to describe the data units that define, identify, represent, and allow values.
  • XBRL standardization is used to decompose data content into individual information elements (elements can be simply understood as a number or a paragraph of text), and each element can be extracted from the report for analysis. And describe the business logic relationship between elements, including hook relationship, hierarchical relationship, presentation order, table relationship, etc. According to these relationships, the computer can "understand" the data content for intelligent processing.
  • Static public class master data refers to the objective fact data that is generally fixed and is recognized as being true and not subjectively changed or must be changed through strict procedures. Including but not limited to administrative area, administrative level, weather conditions, transportation, industry type, invoice type, seat level, degree qualification, transportation channel, financing type, tax category, country, etc.
  • Common shared class master data refers to subjective data that is customized and extended by the business entity. There are two or more entities that share the same data fact value, which is generally not easily changed. Including but not limited to position level, business type, sales area, project type, accounting subject, company information, etc.
  • XMD data management scope data shared by each business application system is defined as XMD main data; XMD main data includes metadata, data entities and entity relationships; the intersection of main data intersections of each business application system is managed by XMD; business application system main data Obtained from XMD and use the same set of data together; after XMD data changes, synchronize the master data to each business application system to ensure data consistency and integrity; a single business application system can extend the main data; if different services are If you need to use the master data of a supplier and its products, the business system obtains the supplier information and product information and relationship from XMD. Different businesses use the completely consistent and complete Hongwei supplier information and product information to complete their respective services. When the new product is added, XMD will update this master data of all business application systems synchronously.
  • the business system sorts out the main data requirements
  • the business system master data using XMD master data is synchronized with the common master data to maintain data consistency and integrity.
  • XMD management of master data provide shared data for business systems, internal and external enterprises, and different industries; based on XBRL unified data standards, metadata and particles are uniformly defined; XMD allows enterprises to have a unified primary data access interface; XMD allows enterprises Have a centralized and rich and clean, well-classified main data center; provide consistent and complete shared master data for each business system, business unit, and industry; XMD is simple to use, enhances cloud information construction flexibility, and adapts to business Change in demand, reducing interface costs, data cleaning and maintenance costs.
  • XMD master data management After XMD master data management, we will conduct the most important modeling analysis of big data mining, determine analytical indicators, define data cleaning, convert time and space conditions and rules, establish data spatio-temporal relationships, and understand the industry and understand business through data relationships.
  • XMD master data management customers, products, suppliers, personnel, location and other data are stored in XBRL data architecture and MDS modeling to adapt to future data development; master data and business production result data enter data center XDC, making data more Dimensionalization and visualization, using XBRL advantages, defining associations through classification standards, and combining with business and management; conducting effective big data mining and analysis with XBRL interconnection and high accuracy data, enterprise and industry data mining analysis, such as Quality analysis, production analysis, customer analysis, sales analysis, market analysis, competitive analysis, financial analysis, etc.; provide management accounting accurate decision-making and optimize business process support.
  • the XMD master data management system of the invention is based on the XBRL technology and the data standard concept, and engages in pre-standardized master data elements to manage the master data to the event and then uses the master data mining analysis to provide an overall solution for master data management.
  • the system is designed as a four-tier architecture of standard layer, common layer, business layer and application layer.
  • the standard layer specifies XMD's element semantics and data format requirements, including software business elements, business storage methods, data transmission structure format requirements, XBRL-based master data management platform XMD software design, development, management and application, Forming the XBRL Data Particle Standard, standardizing data particles based on the XBRL standard, such as administrative areas, accounting subjects, etc., including the identifiers of the elements, element names, data types, lengths, precisions, virtual elements Metadata standards and factual value constraints such as constraints, explanations, and annotations, such as administrative areas, company information, supplier information, banking information, accounting subjects, and engineering projects, are uniformly managed and managed by XBRL data granulation standards.
  • the standard layer Exhausting the main data elements as the goal, unifying the standards and managing the master data to achieve the purpose of unified data and high consistency.
  • the public layer establishes a master data management platform based on the standard layer to provide unified master data elements and fact values between different enterprise systems, and manages master data such as redundancy and data quality, and provides visual views and customizations in an open mode. Services such as assembly, registration management, authentication security, data dissemination and dissemination are divided into two categories: static public class and common shared class for the purpose of the main data fact value.
  • the public layer contains element data management and common master data.
  • the metadata management is XBRL.
  • the business layer is based on the common layer.
  • the business application system uses the common layer master data to complete the main data reference and metadata reference required for the business function.
  • the main data of the business system is divided into two categories according to public and extended, and the public includes the main data of the reference common layer and Common master data in the system, the extension is the system to extend the unique master data according to business requirements.
  • the application layer is an application that completes various specific business capabilities.
  • the main data used is provided by the business layer system, and is a complete business application scenario, such as accounting, billing, purchasing, inventory, and the like.
  • the hierarchical relationship of the XMD architecture of the present invention is referenced from top to bottom, and is collected from the bottom to the top. That is, from top to bottom, the standard layer standardizes the main data and metadata, the common layer manages the main data from the smallest unit element particle according to the standard specification, the business layer system refers to the common layer main data, and refers to the common layer metadata standard; from bottom to top, from Business layer system
  • the cross-system master data of different enterprises is raised to the common layer master data.
  • the rising and collecting path is from the business layer system to the standard layer standard to the public layer master data, and the rising common master data is up to The next rule is referenced or referenced. This forms a master data ecological management mechanism from standardized elements to public data to reference data to rising shared data.
  • the main data ascending mechanism is designed so that when the data shared by the same enterprise across the system is not included in the common main data, the single business application system can extend the reference to the main data, but does not rise to Common layer master data is managed by XMD; when shared data used by different enterprises in the same business application system is used as common master data in the business system, but does not rise to the public layer master data for XMD unified management; when different enterprises share across systems
  • the data is included in the scope of public master data management, and is raised to the public layer master data for XMD unified management.
  • XMD data standard and rising strategy design static shared class, common sharing class and metadata managed by XMD master data, follow XBRL data granulation standard, all business application systems accessing XMD master data system must follow the same set of XBRL data
  • the granulation standard which brings the data element semantics and data format uniformity of all systems, the business application system uses XMD master data to achieve a single effect.
  • the system initialization data is standardized and imported into the database of the XMD corresponding type.
  • the incremental data is also standardized and imported into the database of the XMD corresponding type.
  • the dimension is automatically raised by the method of dimension matching, that is, the system periodically extracts the data of the specified dimension in each business application system, temporarily stores it in the cache, and performs benchmarking through each data value. If there are two different business application systems with the same data value in the same dimension, the automatic data processing is performed according to the definition rules of the main data into the public main data management system category or the same management processing is not included in the XMD main data.
  • the XMD data stream is designed as three layers: public master data, business master data, and application scenario master data:
  • the public master data is divided into a static common library and a common shared library.
  • the static common library provides objective primary data values for the business system.
  • the common shared library provides subjective primary data values for the business system, and the ascending and centralized collection is rich and exhaustive. Master data value;
  • the service master data is the master data of the service scope of each service system. It is referenced from the public master data and can be extended by itself.
  • the master data of one service system can correspond to multiple application scenarios. a collection of data;
  • the result value of the main data corresponding to the application scenario of the service system is provided to the specific application scenario to complete a specific service function, and the main data of one application scenario is a collection of the main data of the application scenario.
  • the main data used by the public master data to the application scenario has a cascade communication mechanism
  • the common master data is the master data
  • the service system is the slave master data
  • the master pair initiates the real cascade management to achieve the unified goal of the master data.
  • XMD main data particle coding and capacity design XMD element identifier (ie element coding) is marked with nine digits, where the first to third digits identify the module to which the element belongs, and the 4 to 6 digits are the index classification numbers of the module.
  • the seventh to the ninth are the sequence numbers of the sub-modules after the elements are standardized and merged. If there are already numbered elements, the number is not repeated, and 000-299 is reserved for other standard codes, such as 000 is the accounting software data interface national standard code.
  • the main data sub-classification has a capacity of 1000, and each sub-category can hold 1000 data elements.
  • the main data elements are included in the following coding rules, such as the national standard GB.
  • the XMD main data system functional architecture design is divided into a main data class module, a function class module, an asset class module and a bus or gateway, and a user interaction module.
  • the main data class module includes element particle center, create table engine, static public class data management, common shared data management, metadata management module and check and collect engine.
  • the element particle center is the data embodiment of XBRL data granulation standard, including The management of various master data elements and the management of report elements and accounting system elements, the creation of the table engine is mainly for the extended master data database dynamic creation of the master data classification table to store and manage the master data, static public class data management and commonality
  • the shared data management system comprehensively manages, raises and coordinates the two types of data respectively.
  • the metadata management module manages all the metadata and its reference relationship according to the element particle center.
  • the verification and collection engine is integrated into the public master according to the main data.
  • the definition rules of the data management system category automatically raise the dimension of the shared data from each business application system to benchmark and rise management.
  • Functional class modules include data retrieval, data permissions, data collection, version control, registration, relationship management, service monitoring, element granules, and redundant recognition engines, quality rules engines, and policy flow engines.
  • Data retrieval provides users with respect to master data.
  • the query function, the data access control data access level, the data collection and verification verification engine complete the rising processing of the shared data
  • the version control is the management of the main data and the version of the element itself
  • the registration allocation is the service for accessing the XMD.
  • the application system entity manages and assigns the master data authority, and the relationship management sets the relationship between the master data (such as the relationship between the supplier and the product information), and the service monitoring performs full tracking and monitoring on all services of the XMD (including user operations).
  • element particles are managed according to the XBRL data granulation standard, redundant identification engine identifies and processes data values and element particle redundancy, quality rule engine Is to check and quality management of data values, policy flow
  • the background technical management of the main data module and the function class module is unified by the XMD service management module.
  • the asset class module includes a standard data linker, an XBRL data center and data asset management, and a control center.
  • the standard data linker generates the instance document through the XBRL processor according to the XBRL data granulation standard, and stores it in the XBRL database, the data asset. Manage the management of data assets in the XBRL database.
  • the bus or gateway is a bidirectional channel that provides a data interface to the user interaction module in the form of a master data module, a function class module, and a data asset module through a gateway, including subscription, distribution, and propagation of the master data to the business application system.
  • the user interaction module is a front-end interactive interface provided by XMD for users, including visual operations of the main data service, data retrieval, customization of the master data template, and subscription, distribution, and broadcasting of data.
  • the business system obtains the main data through the standard interface through a drop-down or auto-complete form in the form using the main data;
  • Static public class and common shared class master data which can be used in the XMD to obtain the main data according to the element identifier specified by the XBRL data granulation standard, as a value option, using a drop-down box, a single-selection group or a multi-selection group application. ;
  • Auto-completion uses the text input box mode to automatically acquire the main data in the XMD as a reference value by the input value change event according to the element identifier specified by the XBRL data granulation standard.
  • the newly constructed business application system can be directly managed by XMD in terms of master data management, and the master data that has been standardized and standardized is used by subscription. If the business application system itself needs the master data management function, the XBRL data granulation standard is applied.
  • the main data elements, values, and data table structures are designed to fully integrate with XMD to achieve the goal of automatically aggregating data.
  • main data management access XMD For the built system, the main implementation steps of the main data management access XMD are as follows:
  • the original master data management function is simply adjusted to ensure the availability of existing functions, and to increase basic functions such as data relationship maintenance and hierarchical structure;
  • master data management is very important in the organizational structure. According to the XMD layered architecture, three standards management teams, public master data management team and business application management team are set up to better meet the XMD master data management system to the enterprise. Implementation of master data management.

Abstract

一种基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,属于数据标准化和数据管理技术,包括:a.XMD主数据管理系统分层设计;b.XMD主数据管理系统架构层次关系设计;c.XMD主数据管理系统数据流设计;d.XMD主数据管理系统功能模块设计;e.XMD主数据管理流程设计。该方法为数据应用分析建立统一的可控的数据查询维度的标准,建立Level5级别的主数据管理系统,保证在每个业务下统一主数据管理,适用于构建基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统。

Description

基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法 技术领域
本发明属于数据标准化和数据管理技术,具体涉及一种基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法。
背景技术
主数据是指被企业业务活动记录数据能够反复引用的、变化相对缓慢的状态数据。以建立业务活动的对象和业务活动分析面向的维度两个角度来建立管理主数据。主数据需要在企业范围内保持高度一致;为了保证业务活动产生的业务数据的参照完整性;企业主数据的使用、增改控制是由集中总线统一管理并分配给业务系统权限的。
主数据不是所有的业务数据,只是有必要在各个企业及系统间共用的数据才是主数据,比如大部分的交易数据、帐单数据等都不是主数据,而像描述核心业务实体的数据,如客户、供应商、帐户、组织单位、员工、合作伙伴、位置信息等都是主数据。
传统主数据管理系统使用的数据标准是系统或企业自定义的系统级或企业级数据标准,通过此类数据标准建模、识别、解决、联系和治理主数据,对于跨企业或跨业务领域将不再适用,或者让所有企业共同遵循某特定系统或企业自定义的数据标准是一件不现实的事情,在云计算和大数据时代背景下,使企业业务融合并将业务移置至云平台上,提升生产效率,以及使用大数据挖掘高质量的数据以为企业管理决策层提供精准分析,已是大势所趋。因此传统主数据管理系统,由于数据标准及其影响范围的限制,不适应于新时代背景下企业建设云平台生产效率和提高决策质量,而是需要具有融合各种业务领域能力,且国际通用的一套标准,基于XBRL国际标准建设的主数据管理系统,用来灵活的数据模型定义任意类型的主数据,快速匹配和准确识别重复项,合并以创建可靠、唯一的真实来源,揭示各类主数据之间的关系,创建、使用、管理和监控主数据。
主数据管理成熟度参考模型:
Level 0:没有实施任何主数据管理;
Level 1:提供列表,各部门独立维护各自数据物理文件,线下审核提供;
Level 2:同等访问,通过接口的方式,各个系统与(中央知识库)主数据主机之间直接互联,一个应用通过调用另一个应用来更新或刷新需要的数据;
Level 3:集中总线处理,打破各个独立应用的组织边界,使用统一标准构建一个通用的、基于目标的、集中数据访问、控制跨不同应用和系统使用的标准化集中管理模式的主数据,支持一致性的企业数据视图,支持主参考数据;
Level 4:业务规则和政策支持,构建并形成自动化商业规则处理和分发流程,不仅支持基于规则的整合,还能够整合外部的工作流,通过总线以一个灵活可持续的方式支持任何面向业务的规则集合;
Level 5::企业数据汇聚,全面的总线集成应用系统,基于商业应用和数据的服务,类区块链,所有主数据是透明的,统一采用数据定义、授权使用和变更传播。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提出一种基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,为数据应用分析建立统一的可控的数据查询维度的标准,建立Level5级别的主数据管理系统,保证在每个业务下统一主数据管理。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,包括:
a.XMD主数据管理系统分层设计;
b.XMD主数据管理系统架构层次关系设计;
c.XMD主数据管理系统数据流设计;
d.XMD主数据管理系统功能模块设计;
e.XMD主数据管理流程设计。
作为进一步优化,步骤a中,系统设计为标准层、公共层、业务层和应用层四层架构;
所述标准层规定了XMD的元素语义和数据格式要求,包括软件的业务元素、业务存储方式、数据传输结构格式的要求;
所述公共层基于标准层建立主数据管理平台,为不同企业系统间提供统一的主数据元素和事实值,同时对主数据如冗余性、数据质量进行管理,以开放模式提供可视化视图、自定义组装、注册管理、鉴权安全、数据发布传播服务,针对主数据事实值用途划分为静态公用类和共性共用类两大类,公共层包含元素数据管理和公共主数据,元数据管理是XBRL颗粒化标准中元素的具体体现形式,所有主数据的元素均来源于此处,公共主数据分为静态公用类和共性公用类两类,分别管理静态共享主数据和企业个性共用的主数据;
所述业务层基于公共层,业务应用系统使用公共层主数据,完成业务功能所需要的主数据引用和元数据参照,业务系统主数据按照公共和扩展两类划分,公共包括引用公共层的主数据和系统内公共主数据,扩展是系统根据业务要求扩展特有的主数据;
所述应用层是完成各种特定业务能力的应用,所使用的主数据由业务层系统提供。
作为进一步优化,步骤b中,所述XMD主数据管理系统架构层次关系是由上至下引用参照,由下至上共性归集;
即由上至下,标准层标准化主数据及元数据,公共层按照标准规范从最小单元元素颗粒管理主数据,业务层系统引用公共层主数据,参照公共层元数据标准;
由下至上,从业务层系统不同企业跨系统的主数据上升为公共层主数据进行归集,上升归集路径是由业务层系统到标准层标准再到公共层主数据,而上升的公共主数据按由上至下规则引用或参照,以此形成由标准化元素到公共化数据到引用数据到上升共享数据的主数据生态管理机制。
作为进一步优化,步骤c中,XMD主数据管理系统数据流设计分为三层,分别为公共主数据、业务主数据和应用场景主数据:
公共主数据分为静态公用库和共性共用库,静态公用库为业务系统提供客观的主数据值,共性共用库为业务系统提供主观的主数据值,上升归集丰富和穷举主数据值;
业务主数据是每个不同业务系统使用的所属业务范围的主数据,引用自公共主数据,并可自行扩展,一个业务系统主数据可对应多个应用场景,是多个应用场景主数据的集合;
应用场景的主数据是多个业务系统具有该应用场景主数据的集合;
由公共主数据至应用场景使用的主数据存在级联传播机制,公共主数据为主主数据,业务系统为从主数据,由主对从发起实级联管理,达到主数据统一的目标。
作为进一步优化,步骤d中,XMD主数据管理系统功能模块设计,分为主数据类模块、功能类模块、资产类模块和总线或网关以及用户交互模块;
主数据类模块包括元素颗粒中心、创建表引擎、静态公用类数据管理、共性共用类数据管理、元数据管理模块和校验归集引擎;
元素颗粒中心是XBRL数据颗粒化标准的数据体现,包括对各种主数据元素的管理和报表元素以及会计科目体系元素的管理;创建表引擎主要针对扩展的主数据进行数据库动态创建主数据分类表以存储和管理主数据;静态公用类数据管理和共性共用类数据管理分别对两类数据进行全面的管理、上升和协调处理;元数据管理模块根据元素颗粒 中心对所有元数据及其引用关系的管理;校验归集引擎是根据主数据纳入公共主数据管理体系范畴的界定规则从各业务应用系统对共享的数据进行自动上升维度对标和上升管理;
功能类模块包括数据检索、数据权限、数据归集、版本控制、注册分配、关系管理、服务监控、元素颗粒以及冗余识别引擎、质量规则引擎和策略流程引擎;数据检索提供用户对主数据的查询功能;数据权限控制数据的访问级别;数据归集配合校验归集引擎完成共享数据的上升处理;版本控制是对主数据和元素本身版本变化的管理;注册分配是对接入XMD的业务应用系统实体进行管理及分配主数据权限;关系管理对主数据之间的关联关系进行设置;服务监控对XMD所有服务进行全程跟踪监控;元素颗粒是按照XBRL数据颗粒化标准进行对元素的管理;冗余识别引擎对数据值及元素颗粒冗余的识别和处理;质量规则引擎是对数据值进行校验和质量管理;策略流程引擎主要对数据的订阅和分发以及审核等进行策略配置管理及处理;
资产类模块包括标准数据链接器、XBRL数据中心和数据资产管理以及管控中心,标准数据链接器是按照XBRL数据颗粒化标准将主数据值通过XBRL处理器生成实例文档,存储在XBRL数据库,数据资产管理对XBRL数据库中的数据资产进行管理;
总线或网关是将主数据模块、功能类模块和数据资产模块通过网关的形式对用户交互模块提供数据接口的双向通道,包括对业务应用系统使用主数据的订阅、分发、传播;
用户交互模块是XMD为用户提供的前端交互界面,包括对主数据服务的可视化操作、数据检索、主数据模板自定义,以及对数据的订阅、分发、广播。
作为进一步优化,所述纳入公共主数据管理体系范畴的界定规则包括:
1)同一企业跨系统使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据不纳入公共主数据管理范畴,由系统间扩展引用使用;
2)同系统不同企业使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据纳入业务层系统公共主数据;
3)不同企业跨系统使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据,根据划定的准入条件纳入系统间公共主数据。
作为进一步优化,步骤e中,所述XMD主数据管理流程设计包括:
(1)业务系统梳理主数据需求;
(2)针对主数据实体和元数据在XMD查询,若存在,业务系统直接引用并创建业务应用,若不存在,批量向XMD管理团队提出需求;
(3)XMD经过上升条件评审后,若纳入XMD,则经过业务梳理和XBRL标准化后纳入主数据管理;
(4)通知业务系统需求方,若纳入XMD,按照正常流程处理,若未纳入XMD,则业务系统按照XMD管理标准扩展并创建业务应用;
(5)未纳入公共主数据受XMD上升条件监视;
(6)使用XMD主数据的业务系统主数据与公共主数据同步保持数据的一致性和完整性。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明构建基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统,用灵活的数据模型定义任意类型的主数据,快速匹配和准确识别重复项,合并以创建可靠、唯一的真实来源,揭示各类主数据之间的关系,以便在云计算和大数据时代为企业生产、决策提供业务融合的主数据以及精准决策支持的高质量数据。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在提出一种基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,为数据应用分析建立统一的可控的数据查询维度的标准,建立Level5级别的主数据管理系统,保证在每个业务下统一主数据管理。重点关注两个层面的问题:即不同企业的同一业务系统的数据关系和同一企业的不同业务系统的数据关系。
XBRL主数据定义为由类型、元素颗粒、元数据和主数据事实值构成。类型是按照业务用途划分分类,如行政区域、会计科目等等,主数据在分类的基础上归集为静态公用类和共性共用类两大类。元素颗粒是主数据的表头字段,是最小颗粒;元数据是元素颗粒和元素描述属性的总称;事实值是主数据的具体业务值。例如“国别”是元素颗粒,与描述国别的数据类型、长度等合称为元数据,具体中国、意大利等值称为主数据的事实值。
XBRL元数据管理,即主数据的数据元素,用一组属性描述定义、标识、表示和允许值的数据单元。使用XBRL标准化把数据内容分解成一个个信息元素(元素可以简单理解为一个数字或者一段文字),每个元素可以单独从报告中提取出来进行分析处理。并且描述元素间的业务逻辑关系,包括勾稽关系、层级关系、列报顺序、表格关系等,依据这些关系,计算机可以“理解”数据内容,从而进行智能处理。
静态公用类主数据,是指一般固定不变的客观数据,被公认真实存在且不受主观因素改变或必须经过严格程序审定而改变的数据事实值。包括但不限于行政区域、行政级 别、天气状况、交通工具、行业类型、发票类型、座位等级、学位学历、运输通道、融资类型、税收类别、国别等;
共性共用类主数据,是指由业务实体方自定义和扩展的主观数据,存在两个或两个以上实体共同使用的具有共相同的数据事实值,一般不轻易改变。包括但不限于职位等级、业务类型、销售区域、项目类型、会计科目、公司信息等。
XMD数据管理范围,各业务应用系统共享的数据定义为XMD主数据;XMD主数据包括元数据、数据实体和实体关系;各业务应用系统主数据交集的部分由XMD统一管理;业务应用系统主数据获取自XMD,共同使用同一套数据;XMD数据变化后,同步主数据至各业务应用系统,以保证数据的一致性和完整性;单个业务应用系统可对主数据进行扩展;若不同的业务均需要使用某供应商及其产品的主数据,则业务系统从XMD获取该供应商信息及产品信息和关系,不同业务使用完全一致完整的虹微供应商信息及产品信息完成各自的业务,若供应商增加新产品,则由XMD同步更新所有业务应用系统的此主数据。
XMD主数据管理流程设计:
(1)业务系统梳理主数据需求;
(2)针对主数据实体和元数据在XMD查询,若存在,业务系统直接引用并创建业务应用,若不存在,批量向XMD管理团队提出需求;
(3)XMD经过上升条件评审后,若纳入XMD,则经过业务梳理和XBRL标准化后纳入主数据管理;
(4)通知业务系统需求方,若纳入XMD,按照正常流程处理,若未纳入XMD,则业务系统按照XMD管理标准扩展并创建业务应用;
(5)未纳入公共主数据受XMD上升条件监视。
(6)使用XMD主数据的业务系统主数据与公共主数据同步保持数据的一致性和完整性。
通过XMD对主数据的管理,为各业务系统、内外企业、不同行业提供共享的数据;基于XBRL统一数据标准,元数据和颗粒统一定义;XMD让企业拥有统一的主数据访问接口;XMD让企业拥有集中的且内容丰富和干净的、分类清晰的主数据中心;为各业务系统、业务部门、行业提供一致的、完整的共享主数据;XMD使用简洁,增强云信息化建设灵活性,适应业务需求变化,降低接口成本、数据清洗和维护成本。
在XMD主数据管理之后,我们将进行大数据挖掘最重要的建模分析,确定分析指 标、定义数据清洗、转换时空条件和规则,建立数据时空关系,通过数据关系来读懂行业、读懂业务;XMD主数据管理的客户、产品、供应商、人员、位置等数据以XBRL数据架构及MDS建模存储,以适应未来数据的发展;主数据与业务生产结果数据进入数据中心XDC,使数据多维度化和可视化,利用XBRL优势,通过分类标准定义关联关系,使与业务及管理结合;以XBRL互联互通的准确性极高的数据进行有效的大数据挖掘分析,企业、行业数据挖掘分析,如质量分析、生产分析、客户分析、销售分析、市场分析、竞争分析、财务分析等等;提供管理会计精准决策和优化业务流程支持。
本发明XMD主数据管理系统基于XBRL技术和数据标准理念,从事前标准化主数据元素到事中管理主数据再到事后再利用主数据挖掘分析,提供主数据管理的整体解决方案。
系统设计为标准层、公共层、业务层和应用层四层架构。标准层规定了XMD的元素语义和数据格式要求,包括软件的业务元素、业务存储方式、数据传输结构格式的要求,基于XBRL标准的主数据管理平台XMD的软件的设计、开发、管理和应用,形成《XBRL数据颗粒标准》,基于XBRL标准对数据颗粒的标准化,如行政区域、会计科目等进行分类数据颗粒的标准化,包括对元素的标志符、元素名称、数据类型、长度、精度、虚元素、约束、说明、注释等元数据标准和事实值约束,如行政区域、公司信息、供应商信息、银行信息、会计科目、工程项目等,由XBRL数据颗粒化标准统一归口并管理,标准层以穷尽主数据元素为目标,统一标准和管理主数据,以达到数据统一、高度一致性的目的。公共层基于标准层建立主数据管理平台,为不同企业系统间提供统一的主数据元素和事实值,同时对主数据如冗余性、数据质量等进行管理,以开放模式提供可视化视图、自定义组装、注册管理、鉴权安全、数据发布传播等服务,针对主数据事实值用途划分为静态公用类和共性共用类两大类,公共层包含元素数据管理和公共主数据,元数据管理是XBRL颗粒化标准中元素的具体体现形式,所有主数据的元素均来源于此处,公共主数据分为静态公用类和共性公用类两类,分别管理静态共享主数据和企业个性共用的主数据。业务层基于公共层,业务应用系统使用公共层主数据,完成业务功能所需要的主数据引用和元数据参照,业务系统主数据按照公共和扩展两类划分,公共包括引用公共层的主数据和系统内公共主数据,扩展是系统根据业务要求扩展特有的主数据。应用层是完成各种特定业务能力的应用,所使用的主数据由业务层系统提供,更是完整的业务应用场景,如记账业务、开票业务、采购业务、库存业务等等。
本发明XMD架构层次关系是由上至下引用参照,由下至上共性归集。即由上至下, 标准层标准化主数据及元数据,公共层按照标准规范从最小单元元素颗粒管理主数据,业务层系统引用公共层主数据,参照公共层元数据标准;由下至上,从业务层系统不同企业跨系统的主数据上升为公共层主数据进行归集,上升归集路径是由业务层系统到标准层标准再到公共层主数据,而上升的公共主数据按由上至下规则引用或参照。以此形成由标准化元素到公共化数据到引用数据到上升共享数据的主数据生态管理机制。
当越来越多的业务应用系统接入XMD时,主数据上升机制设计为当同一企业跨系统共享的数据不纳入公共主数据,单个业务应用系统间可扩展引用该主数据,但不上升到公共层主数据进行XMD统一管理;当同一业务应用系统不同企业间使用的共享数据作为业务系统内的公共主数据,但不上升到公共层主数据进行XMD统一管理;当不同企业跨系统共享的数据纳入公共主数据管理范围,上升到公共层主数据进行XMD统一管理。
具体业务系统自定义主数据纳入公共主数据管理体系范畴的界定规则:
1)同一企业跨系统使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据不纳入公共主数据管理范畴,由系统间扩展引用使用;
2)同系统不同企业使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据纳入业务层系统公共主数据;
3)不同企业跨系统使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据,根据划定的准入条件纳入系统间公共主数据。
XMD数据标准和上升策略设计,XMD主数据所属管理的静态共用类、共性共用类和元数据,遵循XBRL数据颗粒化标准,接入XMD主数据系统的所有业务应用系统都必须遵循同一套XBRL数据颗粒化标准,由此带来所有系统的数据元素语义和数据格式统一,业务应用系统使用XMD主数据达到数出一门的效果。系统初始化数据经过标准化后导入XMD对应类型的数据库,增量数据同样经过标准化后导入XMD对应类型的数据库。对于各个业务应用系统内自行扩展的主数据,采用维度对标的方式进行自动上升,即系统定时在各业务应用系统中抽取指定维度的数据,暂存至缓存,通过各数据值进行对标,若存在两个不同业务应用系统同一维度的数据值相同,则依据主数据纳入公共主数据管理体系范畴的界定规则进行自动上升处理或者不纳入XMD主数据同一管理处理。
XMD数据流设计为三层,分别是公共主数据、业务主数据和应用场景主数据:
(1)、公共主数据分为静态公用库和共性共用库,静态公用库为业务系统提供客观的主数据值,共性共用库为业务系统提供主观的主数据值,上升归集丰富和穷举主数据 值;
(2)、业务主数据是每个不同业务系统使用的所属业务范围的主数据,引用自公共主数据,可自行扩展,一个业务系统主数据可对应多个应用场景,是多个应用场景主数据的集合;
(3)、经业务系统对应应用场景主数据的结果值提供到具体应用场景完成具体业务功能,一个应用场景的主数据是多个业务系统具有该应用场景主数据的集合。
由公共主数据至应用场景使用的主数据存在级联传播机制,公共主数据为主主数据,业务系统为从主数据,由主对从发起实级联管理,达到主数据统一的目标。
XMD主数据颗粒编码及容量设计:XMD元素标识符(即元素编码)采用九位数字来标记,其中第1~3位标识元素所属的模块,4~6位为该模块下属的索引分类编号,第7~9为子模块中经过元素标准化合并后的顺序号,如果出现已经编号的元素则不重复编号,000-299为预留其他标准编码,如000为《会计软件数据接口》国标编码。主数据子分类编码容量为1000个,每个子分类下可容纳1000个数据元素,主数据元素颗粒总容量为:1,000×1,000=1,000,000(个),其他标准规定的主数据元素采用以下编码规则纳入,如国标GB等。
XMD主数据系统功能架构设计分为主数据类模块、功能类模块、资产类模块和总线或网关以及用户交互模块。
主数据类模块包括元素颗粒中心、创建表引擎、静态公用类数据管理、共性共用类数据管理、元数据管理模块和校验归集引擎,元素颗粒中心是XBRL数据颗粒化标准的数据体现,包括对各种主数据元素的管理和报表元素以及会计科目体系元素的管理,创建表引擎主要针对扩展的主数据进行数据库动态创建主数据分类表以存储和管理主数据,静态公用类数据管理和共性共用类数据管理分别对两类数据进行全面的管理、上升和协调处理,元数据管理模块根据元素颗粒中心对所有元数据及其引用关系的管理,校验归集引擎是根据主数据纳入公共主数据管理体系范畴的界定规则从各业务应用系统对共享的数据进行自动上升维度对标和上升管理。
功能类模块包括数据检索、数据权限、数据归集、版本控制、注册分配、关系管理、服务监控、元素颗粒以及冗余识别引擎、质量规则引擎和策略流程引擎,数据检索提供用户对主数据的查询功能,数据权限控制数据的访问级别,数据归集配合校验归集引擎完成共享数据的上升处理,版本控制是对主数据和元素本身版本变化的管理,注册分配是对接入XMD的业务应用系统实体进行管理及分配主数据权限,关系管理对主数据之 间的关联关系进行设置(如供应商和产品信息间的关联关系),服务监控对XMD所有服务进行全程跟踪监控(包括用户操作、业务使用监控、使用率分析、上升流量监控等),元素颗粒是按照XBRL数据颗粒化标准进行对元素的管理,冗余识别引擎对数据值及元素颗粒冗余的识别和处理,质量规则引擎是对数据值进行校验和质量管理,策略流程引擎主要对数据的订阅和分发以及审核等进行策略配置管理及处理。功能类所有模块与主数据类模块通过接口服务SI进行协调与交互。
主数据模块和功能类模块的后台技术性管理统一由XMD服务管理模块协同。
资产类模块包括标准数据链接器、XBRL数据中心和数据资产管理以及管控中心,标准数据链接器是按照XBRL数据颗粒化标准将主数据值通过XBRL处理器生成实例文档,存储在XBRL数据库,数据资产管理对XBRL数据库中的数据资产进行管理。
总线或网关是将主数据模块、功能类模块和数据资产模块通过网关的形式对用户交互模块提供数据接口的双向通道,包括对业务应用系统使用主数据的订阅、分发、传播等。
用户交互模块是XMD为用户提供的前端交互界面,包括对主数据服务的可视化操作、数据检索、主数据模板自定义,以及对数据的订阅、分发、广播等。
XMD主数据系统各种数据类型业务使用场景举例:
(1)业务系统在使用主数据的表单通过下拉式或自动完成式,通过标准接口获取主数据;
(2)静态公用类和共性共用类主数据,可使用下拉框、单选组或多选组应用,根据XBRL数据颗粒化标准规定的元素标志符作为参数在XMD中获取主数据,作为值选项;
(3)自动补全使用文本输入框方式,自动由输入值改变事件根据XBRL数据颗粒化标准规定的元素标志符作为参数在XMD中获取主数据,作为参考值。
新建设的业务应用系统在主数据管理方面可直接使用XMD进行管理,通过订阅方式使用已经统一标准化后的主数据,若业务应用系统自身确实需要主数据管理功能,则按照XBRL数据颗粒化标准对主数据元素、值以及数据表结构进行设计,以与XMD完全融合,达到自动汇聚数据的目标。
对已建系统,主数据管理接入XMD的具体实施步骤如下:
(1)原有主数据管理功能简单调整,保证现有功能的可用性,增加数据关系维护和层级结构等基础功能;
(2)矫正系统设计和数据库结构改造,矫正定义平台级和用户级主数据设计、存储方式,建立数据管理规则体系,为接入XMD主数据管理系统做好准备。
(3)对原有系统主数据清理,彻底分离主数据,其他涉及枚举类型的数据定义移植使用XMD。
主数据管理的实施在组织架构上至关重要,按照XMD分层架构,设置标准管理团队、公共主数据管理团队、业务应用管理团队三个组织,以更好地满足XMD主数据管理系统对企业主数据管理的实施。

Claims (7)

  1. 基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,其特征在于,包括:
    a.XMD主数据管理系统分层设计;
    b.XMD主数据管理系统架构层次关系设计;
    c.XMD主数据管理系统数据流设计;
    d.XMD主数据管理系统功能模块设计;
    e.XMD主数据管理流程设计。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤a中,系统设计为标准层、公共层、业务层和应用层四层架构;
    所述标准层规定了XMD的元素语义和数据格式要求,包括软件的业务元素、业务存储方式、数据传输结构格式的要求;
    所述公共层基于标准层建立主数据管理平台,为不同企业系统间提供统一的主数据元素和事实值,同时对主数据如冗余性、数据质量进行管理,以开放模式提供可视化视图、自定义组装、注册管理、鉴权安全、数据发布传播服务,针对主数据事实值用途划分为静态公用类和共性共用类两大类,公共层包含元素数据管理和公共主数据,元数据管理是XBRL颗粒化标准中元素的具体体现形式,所有主数据的元素均来源于此处,公共主数据分为静态公用类和共性公用类两类,分别管理静态共享主数据和企业个性共用的主数据;
    所述业务层基于公共层,业务应用系统使用公共层主数据,完成业务功能所需要的主数据引用和元数据参照,业务系统主数据按照公共和扩展两类划分,公共包括引用公共层的主数据和系统内公共主数据,扩展是系统根据业务要求扩展特有的主数据;
    所述应用层是完成各种特定业务能力的应用,所使用的主数据由业务层系统提供。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤b中,所述XMD主数据管理系统架构层次关系是由上至下引用参照,由下至上共性归集;
    即由上至下,标准层标准化主数据及元数据,公共层按照标准规范从最小单元元素颗粒管理主数据,业务层系统引用公共层主数据,参照公共层元数据标准;
    由下至上,从业务层系统不同企业跨系统的主数据上升为公共层主数据进行归集,上升归集路径是由业务层系统到标准层标准再到公共层主数据,而上升的公共主数据按由上至下规则引用或参照,以此形成由标准化元素到公共化数据到引用数据到上升共享数据的主数据生态管理机制。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤c中,XMD主数据管理系统数据流设计分为三层,分别为公共主数据、业务主数据和应用场景主数据:
    公共主数据分为静态公用库和共性共用库,静态公用库为业务系统提供客观的主数据值,共性共用库为业务系统提供主观的主数据值,上升归集丰富和穷举主数据值;
    业务主数据是每个不同业务系统使用的所属业务范围的主数据,引用自公共主数据,并可自行扩展,一个业务系统主数据可对应多个应用场景,是多个应用场景主数据的集合;
    应用场景的主数据是多个业务系统具有该应用场景主数据的集合;
    由公共主数据至应用场景使用的主数据存在级联传播机制,公共主数据为主主数据,业务系统为从主数据,由主对从发起实级联管理,达到主数据统一的目标。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤d中,XMD主数据管理系统功能模块设计,分为主数据类模块、功能类模块、资产类模块和总线或网关以及用户交互模块;
    主数据类模块包括元素颗粒中心、创建表引擎、静态公用类数据管理、共性共用类数据管理、元数据管理模块和校验归集引擎;
    元素颗粒中心是XBRL数据颗粒化标准的数据体现,包括对各种主数据元素的管理和报表元素以及会计科目体系元素的管理;创建表引擎主要针对扩展的主数据进行数据库动态创建主数据分类表以存储和管理主数据;静态公用类数据管理和共性共用类数据管理分别对两类数据进行全面的管理、上升和协调处理;元数据管理模块根据元素颗粒中心对所有元数据及其引用关系的管理;校验归集引擎是根据主数据纳入公共主数据管理体系范畴的界定规则从各业务应用系统对共享的数据进行自动上升维度对标和上升管理;
    功能类模块包括数据检索、数据权限、数据归集、版本控制、注册分配、关系管理、服务监控、元素颗粒以及冗余识别引擎、质量规则引擎和策略流程引擎;数据检索提供用户对主数据的查询功能;数据权限控制数据的访问级别;数据归集配合校验归集引擎完成共享数据的上升处理;版本控制是对主数据和元素本身版本变化的管理;注册分配是对接入XMD的业务应用系统实体进行管理及分配主数据权限;关系管理对主数据之间的关联关系进行设置;服务监控对XMD所有服务进行全程跟踪监控;元素颗粒是按照XBRL数据颗粒化标准进行对元素的管理;冗余识别引擎对数据值及元素颗粒冗余的识别和处理;质量规则引擎是对数据值进行校验和质量管理;策略流程引擎主要对数据的订阅和分发以及审核等进行策略配置管理及处理;
    资产类模块包括标准数据链接器、XBRL数据中心和数据资产管理以及管控中心,标准数据链接器是按照XBRL数据颗粒化标准将主数据值通过XBRL处理器生成实例文档,存储在XBRL数据库,数据资产管理对XBRL数据库中的数据资产进行管理;
    总线或网关是将主数据模块、功能类模块和数据资产模块通过网关的形式对用户交互模块提供数据接口的双向通道,包括对业务应用系统使用主数据的订阅、分发、传播;
    用户交互模块是XMD为用户提供的前端交互界面,包括对主数据服务的可视化操作、数据检索、主数据模板自定义,以及对数据的订阅、分发、广播。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,其特征在于,所述纳入公共主数据管理体系范畴的界定规则包括:
    1)同一企业跨系统使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据不纳入公共主数据管理范畴,由系统间扩展引用使用;
    2)同系统不同企业使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据纳入业务层系统公共主数据;
    3)不同企业跨系统使用的自定义的同一单系统主数据,根据划定的准入条件纳入系统间公共主数据。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任意一项所述的基于XBRL标准的主数据管理系统的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤e中,所述XMD主数据管理流程设计包括:
    (1)业务系统梳理主数据需求;
    (2)针对主数据实体和元数据在XMD查询,若存在,业务系统直接引用并创建业务应用,若不存在,批量向XMD管理团队提出需求;
    (3)XMD经过上升条件评审后,若纳入XMD,则经过业务梳理和XBRL标准化后纳入主数据管理;
    (4)通知业务系统需求方,若纳入XMD,按照正常流程处理,若未纳入XMD,则业务系统按照XMD管理标准扩展并创建业务应用;
    (5)未纳入公共主数据受XMD上升条件监视;
    (6)使用XMD主数据的业务系统主数据与公共主数据同步保持数据的一致性和完整性。
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