WO2019081728A2

WO2019081728A2 - Header system

Info

Publication number: WO2019081728A2
Application number: PCT/EP2018/079446
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alexander NÜRNBERG; Wolfgang Oehler
Original assignee: ESM Ennepetaler Schneid- u. Mähtechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2017-10-27
Filing date: 2018-10-26
Publication date: 2019-05-02
Also published as: WO2019081728A3; DE202017106547U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a header system comprising a cutter bar back (1) on which a knife back (2) for a cutter knife and cutter fingers (5) are arranged. A plurality of cutting elements (3) are secured to the knife back (2) and the mower knife is driven as to oscillate and reciprocate. Knife guides (10) at least for the mower knife are secured to the cutter bar back (1), and a means for reducing wear and increasing service life is provided. The invention further relates to a cutter finger for header systems and to a knife guide for oscillating cutting systems.

Description

Cutting System

The invention relates to a cutting system comprising a beam back, on which a knife back for a mower blade and mowing fingers are arranged, wherein a plurality of cutting elements are attached to the back of the knife and the mower blade is oscillating reciprocally driven, and on the bar back knife guides at least for the Mower blades are attached. The invention also relates to mowing fingers for cutting system systems and a knife guide for such cutting system.

Header systems of the type mentioned above are primarily used in water management (at river edges as well as under water).

The cutting systems of the type considered here are subject to continuous wear in the area of the cutting elements, which causes the cutting edges of the cutting elements and the mowing fingers to become dull. The blunting of the cutting edges has a direct influence on the cutting result. Dulling results in an unclean cutting of the cuttings and a squeezing of the cuttings between the blunt cutting elements, which significantly increases the energy requirement of the cutting system and permanently adversely affects the work result.

The wear pattern is represented by the fact that the cutting operation is displaced to the front partial regions of the cutting edges, that is to say the region of the cutting elements facing away from the back of the knife and located at the front in the working direction. In practice, this circumstance represents significant cost burdens for the user due to significant machine downtime and high labor, material and cost of maintenance during the mowing season.

One reason for the increased wear is that oscillating lever guides oscillating cutting systems lead the mower blades in the cutting unit and make sure that the required blade edge is spring preloaded. In cutting operation, there is a significant increase in the forces acting on the cutting system when the cutting system, for example, come into contact with foreign bodies or high dynamic drive loads act on the cutting blade. This can lead to a negative for the cut quality displacement or rotation of the mower blade, which also increases the wear on the guide pin, which interact with the rocker arm guides. To eliminate this disadvantage, knife-edge guides are known, which are intended to bring about a limitation of the negative influences. For this purpose, knife-edge guides are attached to the back of the bar, which project beyond the back of the bar in the working direction and overlap the back of the knife. They are intended to reduce the knife movement relative to the back of the bar - twisting - as well as the movement of the mowing knife to the finger rest. The negative influences described above, as already mentioned, lead to high abrasive wear, in particular in the front region of the cutting elements and mowing fingers, which leads to tilting of the mowing blade during each cutting operation. The area of the cutting elements facing away in the working direction is also subject to an abrasive closure, because clippings can penetrate into the resulting gap due to the forward tilting. In addition, different closure between the sliding areas leads to a destabilized support and thus to an increased surface pressure with correspondingly higher abrasive wear. In order to counteract this - due to the system - higher wear is known from the prior art, hardened wear elements, such as mowing fingers, blades, wear strips, knife guides, guide pins and the like to increase the wear resistance by a thermochemical heat treatment wear-resistant design. However, this heat treatment process accompanies a number of additional complications. For example, there is a risk of distortion of the wear element, which has a costly straightening after the heat treatment result. In addition, the heat treatment only leads to a limited material hardness, which usually does not exceed a value of 800 HV. Furthermore, the achievable Surface hardness depends on the selected material quality as well as the subsequent machining and the expected stresses. Special processes such as so-called surface hardening to compensate for the above-mentioned disadvantages are cost-intensive and require special equipment. Also, the weldability of the heat-treated closure elements is severely limited due to the high proportion of alloying elements. In addition, the thermochemical heat treatment process penetrate only in small component depths, so that only low wear layer depths in the respective components can be realized. As a result, the surface hardness achieved is already severely weakened after a slight abrasive occlusion, so that the required material hardness for the cutting elements of the cutting system systems considered here no longer exists.

With regard to the guide pins, it must also be taken into consideration in the case of the oscillating cutting systems that they are riveted with the cutting elements industrially. An exchange of only the worn guide pin does not occur in practice, as a rule, the bearing cutting element is worn in the connection area. This has the consequence that the guide pin is usually replaced together with the respective Schneideiement, even if it theoretically does not even need an exchange of the cutting element, with a view of the work area. This includes, in addition to a resource-sparing handling, the great disadvantage that when installing a new guide pin at the same time a new cutting element is installed. This leads to levels within the knife because mint

Cutting elements that have not been exposed to abrasive stress, in addition to cutting elements that already have signs of wear, are installed. Thus, cutting elements of different thickness are mounted on a knife, which affects the cutting result significantly negative, since no consistent kerf is given more.

Known blade limiting guides for oscillating cutting systems are not capable of eliminating the aforementioned problems of wear. Rather, they themselves have disadvantages that prevent extensive use. Thus, separate knife boundary guides deteriorate in addition to the rocker arm knife guides as static elements with their structure the Schnittgutfluss above and behind the cutting plane. Due to the increased installation space and the additional costs incurred, the known knife-edge guides are not distributed over the entire width of the cutting unit. However, this only leads to a limitation of the blade movements in the area in which the blade boundary guides are provided; in the rest of the work area of the cutting unit it comes as a result to the above-described kerf. Moreover, they can not be combined with screwed blades.

Against the background of the above-described facts, the present invention has set itself the task of creating a cutting system, which is subject to low and especially uniform wear, thus allowing an increase in service life and reduction of maintenance and downtime. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of claim 1.

With the invention, a cutting system is created, which is subject to reduced wear and has an increased life. Overall, the costs for maintenance, repair and downtime are significantly reduced.

The object is achieved by a cutting blade mower finger having at least two mounting flanges with threaded bores to which a sliding surface spaced from a lane is divided into a main sliding region and a minor sliding region, wherein on the side facing away from the mounting flange of the sliding surface Cutting Fingers are provided, each having a finger slide, wherein in the Fingergleitflächen each have a substantially triangular bead is formed, which protrude with its base adjacent region in the main sliding.

With the invention, a mowing finger for cutting system is provided in which the finger slide is increased in relation to the known from the prior art Mähfingern. This is due to the displacement of the beads in the direction caused the main sliding region, which is why the base of the beads protrudes into the main sliding region. As a result, an uninterrupted finger sliding surface is caused in the foremost region of the fingers, which is substantially larger than the sliding surface known in the known fingers. As a result, in the area in which the fingers are subject to very high abrasive wear, an increased sliding surface is caused, whereby excessive surface pressures and increased wear are reduced.

The main sliding area and the secondary sliding area preferably have a substantially identical area. This also reduces the wear resistance of the Mähfingers invention. Compared to the known from the prior art Mähfingern formed between the main sliding and the Nebengleitbereich alley is reduced, creating an enlargement of the Nebengleitfläche in particular is created.

The object of the present invention is also achieved by a mowing finger for cutting system having at least two mounting flanges with threaded holes, which spaced a sliding surface is formed, which is divided by a lane into a main sliding and a Neben- sliding region, wherein on the mounting flange On the opposite side of the sliding surface cutting fingers are provided, each having a Fingergleitfläche, wherein in the Fingergleitflächen at least partially nests are provided, which are filled with wear-reducing fillings. With the invention, a mowing finger for cutting system is provided in which the effective Verschieißvolumen is increased due to the provided with wear-reducing fillings nests. This leads to an extension of the service life and thus an increase in service life, which equally increases the impact force of the cutting unit. In contrast to the known thermochemical hardening methods for mowing fingers, the provision of the nests with wear-reducing fillings makes it possible to achieve wear resistance in deeper component layers. The absolute hardness and the hardness profile are determined in the mower according to the invention by the shape, the depth and the filling material used, whereas those of the prior art known Mähfingern the material used for the Mähfinger even the hardness or its course pretends. Due to the provision of the nests in certain areas, it is also possible to influence the wear resistance in particularly high stress areas by using other filling materials or by increasing the number of nests. At the same time an adaptation to the particular application is possible by selecting the respective wear-reducing material used.

In a further development of the invention, the wear-reducing fillings consist of material mixtures having a hardness between 1000 and 3000 HV. As a result, a hardness and thus wear resistance is created, which is not achievable with the usual hardening process, in particular the thermochemical hardening process. Advantageously, the wear-reducing fillings consist of through-hardened steel pins. The use of the steel pins allows the introduction of the wear-reducing fillings with known manufacturing processes, for example with a stamping process. In addition, the steel pins act as pile foundations in the sliding surface and thereby support the near-surface boundary layers against damage caused by excessive surface pressure and abrasion.

The object of the invention is further achieved by a knife guide for oscillating cutting elements, comprising guide assemblies, to each of which a guide arm is attached, at the free end of a sleeve is provided vorge-, with a on the oscillating reciprocating mower blade in conjunction standing guide pin corresponds, wherein a knife boundary guide is provided, which is arranged below the guide arm. With the invention, a knife guide for oscillating cutting systems is created, which brings about a stabilization and reduces unwanted knife movements. The arrangement under the guide arm leads, in contrast to the solutions known from the prior art, to no obstruction in the flow of cut material above and behind the cutting plane. In addition, the invention moderate knife boundary guide easily over the entire cutting width below the respective guide arms attachable, whereby a limitation of the blade movements over the entire working width of the cutting unit can be achieved.

In an embodiment of the invention, the knife boundary guide is releasably attached to the beam back. In this way, the possibility is created to replace the knife-limiting guide with excessive wear, whereby the ease of maintenance of the knife guide according to the invention is increased.

Particularly preferably, the guide pin is attached to a pin carrier which is releasably secured to the back of the knife. Again, in the case of excessive wear, it offers the possibility of easy replacement, which also increases ease of maintenance. Namely, replacement of only the worn guide pin with the pin carrier is required and easily possible. It is not necessary to replace the cutting element, as is the case in the prior art. Consequently, the step formation between the cutting elements is avoided; even with the replacement of one or more guide pins, the cutting elements can remain mounted unchanged, which is gentle on materials, since uniform wear is guaranteed and at the same time very easy to maintain. In addition, the provision of the pin carrier makes it possible to dispense with a separate slide bearing strip. This is caused by the fact that the pin carrier acts on the one hand as a receptacle for the guide arm, on the other acts as a height-limiting plate.

Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining subclaims. Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail below. Show it:

Figure 1 is a sectional plan view of a cutting system;

Figure 2 is the enlarged view of the detail "Y" in Figure 1;

FIG. 3 shows the section along the line A-A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows the section along the line BB in FIG. 1; Figure 5 is a plan view of a mowing finger;

FIG. 6 shows the section along the line A-A in FIG. 5;

Figure 7 is a plan view of a mowing finger in another embodiment;

FIG. 8 shows the section along the line A-A in FIG. 7;

Figure 9 shows the top view of a mowing finger in a further embodiment;

Figure 10 is a section along the line A-A in Figure 9;

Figure 11 is the enlarged view of the detail "X" in Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a plan view of a knife back with cutting elements egg nes upper blade;

Figure 13 is the enlarged view of the detail "X" in Figure 12;

FIG. 14 shows the section along the line A-A in FIG. 12;

Figure 15 is a section along the line B-B in Figure 13;

FIG. 16 is a plan view of a blade limiting guide;

Figure 17 is a section along the line A-A in Figure 16;

Figure 18 is a view of a cutter head.

At the cutting system according to the present invention, means for reducing wear and increasing the service life are provided. The cutting system chosen as an exemplary embodiment consists of a beam back 1 on which a knife back 2 is arranged for an upper blade, which is oscillating reciprocally driven. At the knife back 2, a plurality of cutting elements 3 is attached. The cutting elements 3 are fastened by means of fastening means 4 on the knife back 2.

The cutting elements 3 have a substantially triangular cutting region 31. The cutting area 31 is provided on two sides with cutting edges 32. The cutting edges 32 are executed serrated in the embodiment. The cutting elements 3 have a fastening section 33. The width of the attachment portion 33 is selectable depending on the desired blade pitch of the cutting unit. On the back of the beam 1 mowing fingers 5 are fastened with fastening means 6. The mowing fingers 5 are fixedly secured to the back of the beam 1 and have an asymmetrical pitch in the embodiment. In a modification of the exemplary embodiments, a back of the knife for a lower knife can also be arranged on the back of the bar 1, which can be oscillated reciprocatingly driven.

The mowing fingers 5 have at least two - in the Ausführungsbeispieien three - mounting flanges 51 with threaded holes 52. Spaced to the mounting flanges 51, a sliding surface is formed which is divided by a lane 53. As a result, a main sliding portion 54 and a rear sliding portion 55 are provided. On the side facing away from the mounting flanges 51 side of the sliding surface cutting fingers 56 are formed, each having a finger sliding surface 57 and have substantially the shape of an isosceles triangle. In the finger sliding surfaces 57, a substantially triangular bead 58, which likewise has the shape of an isosceles triangle, is formed in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 9. The two legs of the bead 58 extend parallel to the legs of the cutting fingers 56. The base of the triangular beads 58 extends parallel to the main sliding portion 54 and the rear sliding portion 55, respectively.

5, the bead 58 is offset from the tip of the cutting fingers 56 in the direction of the fastening flanges 51 "backwards" in the direction of the fastening flanges 51. The size of the bead 58 remains unchanged in relation to beads known from the prior art As a result, the bead 58 protrudes with its region adjacent to the base by the amount "x" into the main sliding region 55 (see FIG. At the same time, this greatly increases the finger sliding surface 57 in the region of the tip of the cutting fingers 56, because the tip of the bead 58 is set back by the amount "x." Thus, especially in the heavily loaded front region of the cutting fingers 56, there is a large surface area of the cutting elements 3 possible, whereby the risk of excessive surface pressures and thus increased wear is reduced. Moreover, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, the main sliding region 54 and the rear sliding region 55 have a substantially equal area. Compared to the prior art cutting fingers, the rearward region as well as the main sliding region 54 are enlarged. This is achieved inter alia by reducing the width of the alley 53. This also further reduces the risk of excessive surface pressure and thus increased wear.

In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 7 to 11, nests 59 are provided in the sliding surfaces of the mowing fingers 5 at least in certain regions, which are filled with wear-reducing fillings. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 9 to 11, the nests 59 are arranged in the finger sliding surface 57. It can be seen that the nests 59 in this example are bores (see FIG. 11). In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 9, the nests 59 are designed in the manner of grooves which extend from the finger sliding surface 57 to the main sliding region 54 without interruption.

In a modification of the embodiments nests can be provided in the rear sliding area, which are filled with wear-reducing fillings. In a further modification of the embodiments, the nests can also be carried out flat and filled with wear-reducing fillings, whereby a uniform hardness over almost the entire sliding portions of the mowing fingers can be created. As a result, a surface cured to a comparatively large extent to a thermochemical hardening process can be created, but while avoiding the disadvantages associated with these hardening processes, such as distortion of the mowing fingers, low depth of hardening, etc.

The wear-reducing fillings in the nests preferably consist of material mixtures with a hardness between 1000 and 3000 HV (Vickers hardness value). They can be executed in different ways. For example, the wear-reducing fillings may consist of through-hardened steel pins which are inserted into the bores according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 9 to 11. But the wear-reducing fillings can also be made Resin silicon or similar mixtures with particle hardness between 1000 and 3000 HV exist.

In the exemplary embodiment, a beam back lower part 7 is provided on the cutting system, which is fastened at its one end with fastening means 8 and at its other end with the fastening means 8 on the beam back 1.

On the beam back 1 knife guides are arranged, the guide assemblies comprise 10 for the upper blade. On the guide assemblies 10 guide arms 11 are attached. At the free ends of the guide arms 11 bushes 12 are provided, which cooperate with guide pin 13. The guide arms 11 have spring properties, whereby the upper blade is pressed with its cutting elements 3 against the mowing fingers 5. On the guide assemblies 10 also holders 14 are mounted, which rest on the back of the beam 1. The holder 14 surrounds a bracket 15, which also rests on the beam back 1.

On the side facing away from the guide assembly 10 side of the holder 14, a knife boundary guide 18 is provided, which is arranged under the guide arm 11. The knife boundary guides 16 are arranged in the exemplary embodiment under each guide arm 11 and thus distributed evenly over the entire cutting width. As a result, a limitation of the blade movements is achieved over the entire cutting width. At the same time due to the arrangement under the guide arms obstruction of the crop flow during operation of the cutting unit is avoided.

The knife boundary guide 18 is held by means of the fastening means 8 on the back of the beam 1. For this purpose, the knife-limiting guide 16 is provided with a hole 161 and a slot 182. The knife boundary guide 18 is thus releasably attached to the beam back 1. On its side facing the guide assembly 10, the knife-limiting guide 16 is provided with an approximately semi-annular extension 163 which, in the mounted state, overlaps the bracket 15 in regions. On the extension 183 abge- turned edge side knife guide 16 is provided with a supernatant 164, which projects in the mounted state on the beam back 1 in the direction of "forward" and extends to the back of the knife 2 (see Figure 4.) The guide pin 13 is - unlike the state of In the exemplary embodiment, the guide pin 13 is riveted to the pin carrier 17. The pin carrier 17 is detachably fastened to the knife back 2 with the aid of the fastening means 4, which are also known in the art For this purpose, the peg carrier 17 is provided with two holes 12. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 12, peg carriers 17 are uniformly distributed over the entire width of the mowing blade.

The cutting system comprises a cutter head 18. It has a connecting piece 181 into which the drive (not shown) engages. On both sides of the connecting piece 181 plates 182 are provided, which are provided with holes for the passage of fastening means and with which the cutter head 18 is secured to the knife back 2. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the plates 182 do not protrude below the guide arms 11.

Between the back of the knife 2 and the plates 182 of the cutter head 18, a perforated connecting rail 183 is arranged on both sides of the connecting piece 181. The connection of the cutter head 18 with the back of the knife 2 is thus carried out with the interposition of the connecting rail 183, which extends below the guide arms 1 1. The connecting rail 183 forms the link between the knife back 2 and cutter head 18. By dividing the cutter head 18 in the plates 82 and the connecting rail 183 flaps of the cutter head 18 including the drive, not shown, possible because the plates 182 not under the guide arms. 1 1 protrude. Release of the plates 82 with the fitting 181 from the connecting rail 183 releases the remaining knife. Since the plates 182 do not protrude below the guide arms 1 1, the cutting head 18 shortened in relation to the prior art, including the drive after loosening the fasteners without disassembly of the guide arms 1 1 arranged adjacent to the cutter head 18 on both sides be folded up. Thereafter, the guide arms can be set up or folded up. Afterwards, the knife can be removed in working direction. In particular, because the disassembly of the two adjacent to the cutter head 18 arranged guide arms 11 can be dispensed with, the disassembly of the knife is considerably simplified by the described solution.

The cutting system according to the invention is subject to less wear and allows longer service life. The integrated knife edge guide reduces the formation and size of kerfs and thus increases the cutting quality and the service life of the cutting unit. Particularly heavily loaded reapers such as e.g. Ground level guided reapers in underwater cutting applications benefit from knife limitation. Thanks to the integrated design, it is possible for the first time to use an optimum number of limit guides for the knife guide over the entire width of the knife and at places subject to high loads. The integrated design of the knife-edge guide eliminates the negative static influence on the crop flow. The oscillating rocker arms ensure optimal crop flow clearing in front of and above the limiting guide. The knife edge guide leads to reduced cutting force, reduced knife twist and the resulting kerf.

The cutting system according to the invention is also easy to maintain because it provides a releasable arrangement of the guide pin. In addition, it offers the possibility of exchanging the guide pins without necessarily exchanging cutting elements, since the guide pins are not fastened to the cutting elements. In this way, the formation of steps between the cutting elements fastened to the back of the knife, as can be observed when replacing the guide pins arranged on the cutting elements according to the prior art, is avoided, so that no disproportionate wear and at the same time unsatisfactory work results due to the Steps between the cutting elements of different thickness occur. By at least partially provided nests with wear-reducing fillings, the effective wear volume high hardness is increased. As a result, the life of the mowing fingers is extended and thus increases the service life and the impact force of the cutting unit. The mowing fingers according to the invention have a stabilized hardness profile in relation to the sliding surface. The wear nests increase the hardness and the wear resistance in the deeper component layers. The classic hardening waste of surface hardened components is canceled by the inventive design. In addition, both the absolute hardness and the hardness profile through the shape, depth and the Füllmateria used! determined and not from the base material of the mowing fingers. In addition, the hardness, the wear resistance and the consistency of the filling material can be optimally adapted to the requirements by means of different materials and / or mixing ratios.

Claims

claims

Cutting system comprising a beam back (1) on which a knife back (2) for a mower blade and mowing fingers (5) are arranged, wherein at the knife back (2) a plurality of cutting elements (3) are fixed and the mower blade oscillating reciprocating is driven, and at the beam back (1) knife guides (10) are attached at least for the mower blade, characterized in that means for reducing wear and increase in service life are provided.

Mower blade for header systems having at least two mounting flanges (51) with threaded holes (52) spaced therefrom forming a sliding surface divided by a lane (53) into a main sliding portion (54) and a rear sliding portion (55) On the mounting flanges (51) facing away from the sliding surface cutting fingers (56) are formed having a Fingergleitfläche (57), characterized in that in the Fingergleitfläche (57) has a substantially triangular bead (58) is formed with their to the base adjacent area in the main sliding portion (54) protrudes.

Mowing finger according to claim 2, characterized in that the main sliding portion (54) and the rear sliding portion (55) have a substantially equal area. 4. Mower blade for cutting system having at least two mounting flanges (51) with threaded holes (52) to which spaced a sliding surface is formed, which is divided by a lane (53) in a Hauptgleitbereich (54) and a rear sliding portion (55) , wherein on the mounting flanges (51) facing away from the sliding surface cutting finger (56) are formed having a Fingergleitfläche (57), characterized in that in the finger slide (57) at least partially nests (59) are provided which filled with wear-reducing fillings.

5. Mähfinger according to claim 4, characterized in that in the main sliding portion (54) and / or rear sliding portion (55) nests (59) are provided, which are filled with wear-reducing fillings. 8, mowing fingers according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the wear-reducing fillings consist of material mixtures having a hardness between 1000 and 3000 HV,

7. Mähfinger according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the wear-reducing fillings are made of synthetic resin silicon,

8. Mähfinger according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the wear-reducing fillings consist of through hardened steel pins.

9. knife guide for oscillating cutting systems comprising guide assemblies (10), to each of which a guide arm (1 1) is fixed, at the free end of a bush (12) is provided, which communicates with a on the oscillating reciprocating mower blade in connection Guide pin (13) corresponds, characterized in that a knife boundary guide (16) is provided, which is arranged below the guide arm (1 1).

10. knife guide according to claim 9, characterized in that the knife serbegrenzungsführung (16) is releasably secured to the beam back (1).

1 . Knife guide according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the guide pin (13) on a pin carrier (17) is fixed, which is releasably secured to the knife back (1).

12. knife guide according to one of claims 9 to 1, characterized in that the guide pin (3) with the pin carrier (17) is riveted.