WO2019077093A1 - Procédé et système destinés à évaluer un état de fonctionnement d'un véhicule nautique - Google Patents

Procédé et système destinés à évaluer un état de fonctionnement d'un véhicule nautique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019077093A1
WO2019077093A1 PCT/EP2018/078676 EP2018078676W WO2019077093A1 WO 2019077093 A1 WO2019077093 A1 WO 2019077093A1 EP 2018078676 W EP2018078676 W EP 2018078676W WO 2019077093 A1 WO2019077093 A1 WO 2019077093A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
measured value
measured
operating state
processor
operating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/078676
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bastian Ebeling
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh
Publication of WO2019077093A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019077093A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0224—Process history based detection method, e.g. whereby history implies the availability of large amounts of data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for evaluating an operating state of a watercraft, in particular for determining a system state.
  • a first motor and a second motor may be arranged close to each other, both of which cause vibrations during operation.
  • the vibrations of the first motor are affected by the vibrations of the second motor.
  • the vibrations are measured.
  • the influence of the vibrations of the second motor on the operation of the first motor is eliminated.
  • a valid (and thus costly) modeling of the transmission paths is necessary, which may also change over time and must therefore be adapted.
  • US 2008/0 133 439 A1 discloses a device for monitoring the presence of an anomaly in a machine tool before and during its use, whereby also a failure of the machine tool is to be detected.
  • US 2017/0 059 332 A1 describes an apparatus and a method for determining a distance to an empty state (DTE) for a motor vehicle.
  • the DTE is the remaining travel distance until a fuel tank or a battery on board the motor vehicle is empty. This remaining distance depends on the distance traveled, operating conditions of the vehicle and environmental conditions.
  • An odometer odometer
  • the driver is shown a predicted remaining distance as a function of the distance traveled so far and of various parameters. This prediction will from a computing unit on board the vehicle (Cluster Controller System 100) continuously updated. For the update, it is predicted which route will be covered at a certain time.
  • the parameters are adjusted and the retraced route is re-predicted.
  • the invention is used on board an electric car, and for the prediction of the remaining route, the available battery energy in kWh and the so-called efficiency (fuel efficiency in km / kWh), ie the quotient of distance traveled so far and used battery energy, used.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved technology for monitoring operating states. More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for automatically monitoring a craft which in many cases automatically detects a system condition other than a desired range without necessarily directly measuring that condition of the system.
  • a method for automatically monitoring a watercraft.
  • an arrangement is used which comprises a measuring device and a data processing device with a processor and a data memory.
  • a first phase and a subsequent second phase are performed.
  • the measuring device measures a large number of first measured values on the vessel.
  • the measuring system continues to measure for every first measured value a first operating state in which this first measured value occurs.
  • a plurality of data records is stored. Each data record includes a first measured value (historical measured value) and the assigned first operating state (historical operating state).
  • the measuring device on the watercraft measures a second measured value (current measured value) and a second operating state (current operating state) in which this second measured value occurs.
  • the processor determines in the data memory all or at least some of those stored data sets, each comprising a first operating state, wherein this first operating state deviates from the measured second operating state by no more than a predetermined tolerance.
  • the processor compares the first measured values belonging to the determined data records with the measured second measured value. If this comparison satisfies a predetermined trigger criterion, the processor triggers the step that a signal is output.
  • a method for evaluating an operating condition of a watercraft comprises the following steps: provision of historical measured values in a data memory which is coupled to a data processing device, at least for a part of the historical measured values in each case a historical measured value being assigned to an operating state; Detecting, by means of a measuring device, a current measured value; Transmitting the current measured value from the measuring device to the data memory; Determining, by a processor of the data processing device, operating states used based on the historical measurement values associated with an operating state; Allocating, by means of the processor, the current measured value to one of the operating states used and evaluating, by means of the processor, the current measured value with reference to the assigned operating state used.
  • a system for evaluating an operating condition of a watercraft has a data processing device with at least one processor, a data memory and a measuring device.
  • the data memory is coupled to the data processing device.
  • Historical measured values are provided in the data memory, wherein in each case at least for a part of the historical measured values a historical measured value is assigned to an operating state.
  • the measuring device is set up to record a current measured value and to transmit the current measured value to the data memory.
  • the processor is set up to determine operating states used on the basis of the historical measured values assigned to an operating state, to assign the current measured value to one of the operating states used and to evaluate the current measured value with reference to the assigned operating state used.
  • operating state is understood to mean one of a number of different and possible modes of operation, for example operation at the design limit, load-free operation or any state in between.
  • system state is a state that the watercraft or a component assumes on its own without a targeted external intervention.
  • a system condition is changed, for example, by wear or aging or cracking.
  • the current measured value can be assigned to a current operating state.
  • each historical measured value is assigned to an operating state.
  • measured value can refer both to a date from an automation and to a data series, for example, a vibration sensor, but the term should also be understood as a multiplicity of measured values during operation of the vessel by a Variety of transducers, data processing information or automation information.
  • the method allows monitoring of measured values and operating states. Among other things, statements about pending maintenance can be made. Furthermore, an evaluation of the operating states is possible.
  • the method is based on the assumption that identical operating states lead to identical measured values when the vessel is unchanged. If, for example, a component of the vessel is operated with a certain power, a first measured value is determined for this purpose. As long as the component is unchanged, each time the component is operated at the specified power, a currently determined metric should match historical values stored in the data memory for the first metric. If there is a deviation between the currently measured value and the historical values, this is an indication that the component has changed, for example due to wear.
  • the situation is similar with the operation of several components.
  • a first component eg, a first motor
  • a second component eg, a second motor
  • the influence of the second component on the first component can be determined without performing calculations.
  • the influence of the second component on the first component is always the same as long as the first component and the second component are unchanged.
  • a system state can be determined without necessarily having to measure this system state directly.
  • identical operating states lead to substantially identical measured values given constant system states. Therefore, the second measured value does not differ significantly (not outside the predetermined tolerance) from a stored first measured value that was determined at such a first operating state, which does not deviate significantly from the second operating state. If the second measured value thus deviates from a first measured value, even though the second operating state is substantially equal to the assigned first operating state, then this is an indication of a change in a system state.
  • the triggered signal preferably comprises a description of the second measured value, a description of the second operating state and optionally a description of the deviating first measured values and / or the substantially identical first operating states.
  • the measuring device first measures the second measured value and the associated second operating state. Subsequently, a test is carried out in which the second measured value is compared with a predetermined desired range. At least when the second measured value is outside the setpoint range, the further steps of the second phase are carried out, ie the current measurement results (second measured value, second operating state) are compared with historical data sets. Thanks to this configuration, the further steps of the second phase are not carried out again after each measurement, which often requires too much computing capacity or too much running time. Rather, the further steps of the second phase, that is to say the comparison of the measurement results with historical data, are only carried out if the second measured value lies outside the desired range.
  • the fact that the second measured value is outside the desired range may be due to an undesired or impermissible system state or else to a permissible, but for example, rarely occurring or extreme operating state. Thanks to the configuration, these two cases are automatically distinguished from each other.
  • the method and system may also be used for facilities other than watercraft, such as land vehicles, aircraft, and industrial plants. Any device that has one or more operating states can be monitored with the technology.
  • the operating states can be obtained, for example, from an automation system.
  • the operating conditions may be various driving modes such as "half power ahead” or “full power ahead", or a combat station.
  • Each operating state can be provided with a time stamp, for example a UTC time stamp (UTC - Coordinated Universal Time).
  • UTC time stamp UTC - Coordinated Universal Time
  • Each historical measured value and / or the current measured value may be assigned a time stamp, for example a UTC time stamp.
  • the measured values can be, for example, a frequency or the frequency spectrum of a vibration, a temperature, a position (eg determined by means of GPS), a water depth, a water temperature, a direction of travel, a speed, an air pressure, an air temperature, a wind speed, on / off information to a component (eg, a pump); An on / off information on flaps and doors, flow rates or oil quality, eg number of particles in the oil, be.
  • Several current measurements of the same size can be determined. It may also be provided to acquire several current measured values of different sizes.
  • the particular operating states used form a so-called cluster (English, see accumulation point) of measured values.
  • Methods of cluster analysis, principal component analysis, artificial intelligence, a self-learning algorithm, methods of evaluating big data, and a combination thereof can be used to determine the operating conditions used.
  • the aforementioned methods can furthermore be used to evaluate the measured values and / or the operating states used.
  • the evaluation comprises a comparison of the current measured value with historical measured values of the assigned operating state used.
  • the evaluation may include a comparison of the current measured value with a predetermined threshold value, wherein a signal is output when the current measured value deviates from the threshold value. The deviation can be an exceeding of the threshold value or an undershooting of the threshold value. It may also be provided a comparison with multiple thresholds.
  • the threshold / thresholds can be determined by an algorithm.
  • the signal may be an optical signal, an audible signal, a tactile signal, an olfactory signal and a combination thereof.
  • the evaluation may include determining a remaining useful life (also called RUL - remaining useful life).
  • the remaining useful life may relate to the used operating state associated with the current measured value. Alternatively or additionally, a remaining service life for a different operating state can be determined.
  • the evaluation comprises determining a change in the operating states used, wherein the change in the operating states used is determined taking into account a frequency of use. If it is determined that only a few selected operating states are actually used by several operating states stored in the automation system, the stored operating states can be adapted to the operating states used.
  • the evaluation can include the determination of a future use of one or more operating states, such that a threshold is not exceeded or undershot during future use (or several thresholds are not exceeded or undershot). For example, future use may include certain mission requirements and / or take into account required redundancy.
  • the evaluation may include an anomaly detection.
  • the method may include a prediction. An anomaly is a departure from expected behavior. The expectation is the so-called prediction of the method, for example: value remains constant as always. If an anomaly occurs (for example, an oscillation energy increases), it can be evaluated, if necessary by checking details (eg at which frequency / which frequencies is an increase). This can be an indicator of wear.
  • the anomaly detection can be done by comparing table values.
  • Switching states between two operating states can be detected and evaluated.
  • each first data record is determined whose first operating state deviates from the measured second operating state by no more than the tolerance.
  • a first data set is only determined if the deviation of the operating states lies within the tolerance and, in addition, a predetermined selection criterion is fulfilled. This embodiment prevents a signal from being emitted too frequently. According to this embodiment, a signal is not output if the measured second measured value deviates only from a few stored first measured values.
  • a deviant first Measured value can occur, for example, when the first measured value was measured during a rapid transition from one operating state to another operating state and therefore occurs only rarely.
  • it is predicted in which range of values a measured value measured by the measuring device will lie at a measuring time lying in the future.
  • a time series is used which consists of stored first measured values and the measured second measured value. This prediction can be used to predict a remaining useful life.
  • based on the stored first operating states it is estimated how often in the future which operating state will be set, and this estimate is used for the prediction of the range of values.
  • the disclosed embodiments of the method may be provided according to the system and vice versa.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart for an embodiment of the method
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the method.
  • 1 shows a block diagram of a system for evaluating an operating state of a watercraft.
  • the system has a data processing device 1 which has a processor 2 and a memory 3.
  • the data processing device 1 can be designed as a personal computer, server, laptop, tablet or smartphone.
  • the system comprises a measuring device 4 with a measuring sensor 5.
  • the measuring device 4 is configured to detect a measured value for a measured variable by means of the measuring sensor 5.
  • the data processing device 1 and the measuring device 4 are provided with a Data memory 6, for example, a database, data-coupled.
  • the data processing device 1 can also be coupled with the measuring device 4 in terms of data technology.
  • a flowchart of a method is shown in FIG. Measured values are provided in the database 6 (step 10).
  • a historical measured value is assigned to an operating state. Each historical measured value can also be assigned to an operating state. The assignment is also stored in the database.
  • a current measured value is detected (step 20).
  • the current measured value is transmitted from the measuring device 4 to the data memory 6 (step 30).
  • the operating states used are determined (step 40).
  • both the historical measured values that are assigned to an operating state and the current measured value can be taken into account.
  • the current measured value is assigned to one of the operating states used (step 50). Finally, the current measured value is evaluated with reference to the assigned operating state used (step 60).
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 1
  • An automation system 101 comprises data concerning various information, for example operating states, operating data and / or switching states.
  • the automation system 101 may serve the user or personnel to assist the operation of the watercraft.
  • An operating state may in this case be, for example, the following: "full load machine.”
  • the operating data may relate to various parameters of the watercraft engine, for example one or more internal combustion engines, for example a temperature at a bearing of the engine “and” off ".
  • the information, in particular the operating states are provided with a time stamp (eg a UTC time stamp) (step 102) and exported to a database 103.
  • a time stamp eg a UTC time stamp
  • a current measured value is acquired in a data collection (step 104).
  • the current measured value can be converted into digital data by means of an analog-to-digital converter.
  • the current measurement is assigned a timestamp (e.g., a UTC timestamp) (step 105).
  • the current measured value is stored together with the time stamp in the database 103.
  • Several current measured values can also be recorded and transmitted. This first phase can also be called data acquisition.
  • accumulation points are determined for the data aggregate from historical measured values and the current measured value or values (step 106). This step is also called clustering. Each accumulation point corresponds to an actually used operating state (also called a cluster). The operating states used may be driving modes or a combat station or situation 107.
  • the measured values are subjected to spectral analysis (step 108), for example by means of a fast Fourier transformation.
  • an aggregate of the watercraft for example a turbocompressor
  • this rotational frequency can be discernible in the frequency spectrum which is for another (for example adjacent arranged), in which case a proportion with a frequency of 18,000 rpm with an amplitude of height x is measurable. If the turbo-compressor is not active, its rotation has no influence, the proportion of the ascertained amplitude at the frequency 18,000 rpm would be much less or not at all.
  • the operating conditions used and the results of the analysis are stored in the database 103.
  • the current operating state is determined. It is determined to which used operating state the current measured value (or the current measured values) belongs.
  • the current measured value is assigned to the used operating state (cluster) (step 109).
  • a learned cluster of historical data may be the basis for assigning a current state.
  • a confidence level can be provided, as well as a value for a cluster and, bordering on it, does not match one (or all other) clusters. For example, you can work with the silhouette value ("Silhouette clustering").
  • characteristic values are determined (step 1 10) and stored in the database.
  • the characteristic values are, for example: acceleration a, velocity v, position s effective, peak height, peak position, maximum acceleration, RMS acceleration, vibration energy and radius of a motion ellipse. This phase is called state detection.
  • Measured values are measured values. Characteristic values are derived from one or more measured values. Characteristic values are, for example, energy values that were detected during a vibration measurement. Another possible characteristic value is the mean amplitude over for a frequency range, for example from 100 to 300 Hz, or the amplitude at 1 .000 Hz. It is determined how well the current operating state coincides with the assigned operating state used (step 1 1 1 ). In this step, exceptions can be treated, such as a switch from a first operating state to a second operating state or the use of a previously not considered operating state. The current measured value is compared with limit values (step 1 12) which may be specified by a manufacturer. This phase is also called health assessment. For example, the silhouettes value from the "Silhouette clustering" is usable.
  • step 1 13 it is determined how a common change (eg wear) per used operating state is (step 1 13). As vibration amplitudes increase, this indicates less round-going (machine) components. Wear can be as that Growth of amplitudes are understood. The more the amplitude increases, the greater the wear - the bearing can beat stronger.
  • a common change eg wear
  • future usage is planned taking into account constraints 15 (e.g., mission requirements and / or required redundancy) (step 16). For example, in the case of a mission of the vessel, it may be required to cover 1, 000 nm (nautical miles). This could happen through 100 hours of operation in cluster “c” or through 150 hours in cluster “d". Since, as exemplified above, in cluster “d” the wear may be lower, now cluster “d” might now be the better choice, unless the demand to be at the target 50 hours faster requires a different decision. The mission may alternatively request to be back within 120 hours at the latest. Then 60 hours drive in cluster "c” and 60 hours drive in cluster “d” would be the recommendation.
  • constraints 15 e.g., mission requirements and / or required redundancy
  • a monitoring frequency for example a frequency of the measured value acquisition, can be adapted (step 1 17).
  • the frequency can be increased or decreased. For example, if a change in a measured value starts to get stronger, for example, because deviations of successive measured values exceed a threshold value, it can be checked more frequently.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé destiné à évaluer un état de fonctionnement d'un véhicule nautique dont les étapes consistent : à préparer des valeurs de mesure historiques dans une banque de données (6) qui est couplée à un équipement de traitement de données (1), une valeur de mesure historique étant associée respectivement à un état de fonctionnement pour au moins une partie des valeurs de mesure historiques ; à détecter, au moyen d'un équipement de mesure (4), une valeur de mesure actuelle ; à transférer la valeur de mesure actuelle de l'équipement de mesure (4) à la banque de données (6) ; à déterminer, au moyen d'un processeur (2) de l'équipement de traitement de données (1), des états de fonctionnement utilisés à l'aide des valeurs de mesure historiques qui sont associées à un état de fonctionnement ; à associer, au moyen du processeur (2), la valeur de mesure actuelle à un des états de fonctionnement utilisés et à évaluer, au moyen du processeur (2), la valeur de mesure actuelle en prenant en compte l'état de fonctionnement utilisé associé. L'invention concerne par ailleurs un système destiné à évaluer un état de fonctionnement d'un véhicule nautique.
PCT/EP2018/078676 2017-10-20 2018-10-19 Procédé et système destinés à évaluer un état de fonctionnement d'un véhicule nautique WO2019077093A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017124589.8 2017-10-20
DE102017124589.8A DE102017124589A1 (de) 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Verfahren und System zum Auswerten eines Betriebszustandes eines Wasserfahrzeugs

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CN113848045A (zh) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-28 大众汽车股份公司 估计机器的机械退化

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WO2012095325A1 (fr) * 2011-01-14 2012-07-19 Airbus Operations Gmbh Système de guidage au fonctionnement surveillé permettant d'ajuster au moins un composant de système et procédé de surveillance du fonctionnement de ce système de guidage
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CN113848045A (zh) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-28 大众汽车股份公司 估计机器的机械退化
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