WO2019076085A1 - 超声手术刀用换能器 - Google Patents

超声手术刀用换能器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019076085A1
WO2019076085A1 PCT/CN2018/093988 CN2018093988W WO2019076085A1 WO 2019076085 A1 WO2019076085 A1 WO 2019076085A1 CN 2018093988 W CN2018093988 W CN 2018093988W WO 2019076085 A1 WO2019076085 A1 WO 2019076085A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transducer
ultrasonic scalpel
diameter
horn
piezoelectric
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PCT/CN2018/093988
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
颜忠余
王磊
骆威
Original Assignee
以诺康医疗科技（苏州）有限公司
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Application filed by 以诺康医疗科技（苏州）有限公司 filed Critical 以诺康医疗科技（苏州）有限公司
Priority to EP18869198.4A priority Critical patent/EP3698733A4/en
Priority to KR1020207011711A priority patent/KR102443387B1/ko
Priority to US16/649,069 priority patent/US11911062B2/en
Priority to BR112020006132-8A priority patent/BR112020006132A2/pt
Publication of WO2019076085A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019076085A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B17/320092—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3209—Incision instruments
    • A61B17/3211—Surgical scalpels, knives; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
    • H02N2/001—Driving devices, e.g. vibrators
    • H02N2/002—Driving devices, e.g. vibrators using only longitudinal or radial modes
    • H02N2/0025—Driving devices, e.g. vibrators using only longitudinal or radial modes using combined longitudinal modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/005—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers using a piezoelectric polymer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/2812—Surgical forceps with a single pivotal connection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • A61B2017/00402—Piezo electric actuators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
    • A61B2017/22014—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being outside patient's body; with an ultrasound transmission member; with a wave guide; with a vibrated guide wire
    • A61B2017/22015—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being outside patient's body; with an ultrasound transmission member; with a wave guide; with a vibrated guide wire with details of the transmission member
    • A61B2017/22018—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being outside patient's body; with an ultrasound transmission member; with a wave guide; with a vibrated guide wire with details of the transmission member segmented along its length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • A61B2017/320074—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts blade
    • A61B2017/320075—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts blade single edge blade, e.g. for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/70—Specific application
    • B06B2201/76—Medical, dental

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medical instruments, and in particular to a transducer for an ultrasonic scalpel.
  • Ultrasonic scalpel has been used on a large scale for more than 20 years. Compared with other surgical methods, it has the advantages of less smoke, clear surgical field, small thermal damage, and tissue cutting, coagulation and separation. Precise control of the cutting and solidification range, no possibility of electrical damage, rapid oscillation has a self-cleaning effect, reducing the adhesion of the knife to the tissue.
  • Ultrasonic scalpels can be used for endoscopic and endoscopic procedures, as well as for open surgery. They can be used in conjunction with other surgical instruments, such as traditional mechanical scalpels and electrosurgical knives, or they can be used alone because they are used for grasping, cutting, and Cut, peel, stop bleeding and other kinetic energy in one. For different surgeries, a suitable handle is needed to achieve a more manageable, more stable balance.
  • the ultrasonic scalpel system held by the doctor overheats during work, so it is necessary to improve the working efficiency of the ultrasonic scalpel and consume a small amount of energy.
  • the present invention provides a transducer that can both improve the stability of an ultrasonic scalpel system and increase the gain of an ultrasonic scalpel system.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to use a transducer for an ultrasonic scalpel, comprising a first connecting member, a fixing member, a horn, a piezoelectric conversion body, and a rear end which are connected in series from far to near.
  • the piezoelectric transformer has a wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the transducer being ⁇ ; and the horn is provided with two sections
  • the front and rear end diameters of the web and the variable amplitude are respectively Df1, Db1 and Df2, Db2; the following conditions are satisfied between Ld, ⁇ , Df1, Db1, Df2 and Db2:
  • Df2 and Db1 are constant values
  • Df1 and Db2 are calculated according to formula (2)
  • Ld. is obtained according to formulas (1) and ⁇ ; the calculation result of Ld is adjusted within a range of 10%.
  • the piezoelectric conversion body comprises 4-8 piezoelectric sheets.
  • the set of piezoelectric transducers is within the proximal half wavelength.
  • the back ring and the second connecting member of the piezoelectric conversion body are made of steel or titanium alloy, and the distal end is aluminum or titanium alloy.
  • the horn includes:
  • the cone includes a top end and a bottom end, the top end is connected to the step portion; the tip diameter is Df1, the bottom end portion diameter is Db1;
  • the intermediate section is provided with an enlarged portion, the enlarged portion having a diameter of Db2;
  • the vertebral body and the stepped portion form a first variator portion; the enlarged portion and the distal rod form a second sag portion.
  • the horn includes:
  • the cone comprising a top end and a bottom end, a diameter Db1 of the bottom end, a tip diameter Df1 of the cone;
  • An enlarged portion is disposed in the middle portion, and a flange structure is disposed on the enlarged portion, and a step connected to the flange structure, wherein the enlarged portion and the distal rod are connected with an arc a portion, the enlarged portion connected to the arc portion has a diameter Db2;
  • the distal rod has a diameter Df2.
  • the vertebral body and the stepped portion form a first variator portion; the enlarged portion and the distal rod form a second sag portion.
  • the horn has a core length of 64-72 mm from the end face to the end face.
  • the transducer for the ultrasonic scalpel is a wavelength transducer, in particular, the transducer is provided with two longitudinal vibration wave nodes.
  • the primary improvement of the present invention is that the transducer provided by the present invention puts the gain of the transducer machine and the gain of the electric power together, so that the gain problem of the handle and the stability of the system can be improved at the same time.
  • the mechanical gain that is, the variable amplitude calculated by the formula (2)
  • the transducer will be due to large mechanical oscillation. Fever; but if the first-order amplitude is too large, the distal end after the amplitude change may be suppressed and the output cannot be stabilized.
  • variable amplitude range defined by the two-stage amplitude and equation (2) makes the transducer suitable for this load condition application. According to the gain of the machine, the gain of the electric power is also adjusted. Otherwise, the electrical input impedance of the transducer will be high and sensitive to the load and frequency, so it is necessary to adjust the volume and position of the piezoelectric converter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transducer provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a horn corresponding to the transducer provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a handle and a cutter for a laparoscopic or open surgery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transducer provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a horn corresponding to the transducer provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a handle and a cutter for open surgery according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes the following design:
  • a transducer for an ultrasonic scalpel comprising a first connecting member, a fixing member, a horn, a piezoelectric conversion body, a rear end back ring, and a second connecting member which are connected in sequence from far to near, and the piezoelectric device is provided
  • the total length of the conversion body is Ld; the wavelength of the piezoelectric conversion body corresponding to the operating frequency of the transducer is ⁇ ;
  • the horn is provided with two-section variability, and the front and rear end diameters at the variator are respectively Df1, Db1 and Df2, Db2; the following conditions are satisfied between Ld, ⁇ , Df1, Db1, Df2, Db2:
  • Df2 and Db1 are constant values
  • Df1 and Db2 are calculated according to formula (2)
  • Ld. is obtained according to formulas (1) and ⁇ ; the calculation result of Ld is adjusted within a range of 10%.
  • the ultrasonic scalpel system usually consists of three parts, an ultrasonic generator, a handle and a cutter.
  • the connected handles and tools are called handhelds.
  • the ultrasonic generator generates an ultrasonic frequency signal
  • the handle is driven by connecting the cable.
  • the handle transmits the ultrasonic vibration to the cutter head through the cutter bar inside the cutter, and the cutter head contacts the tissue to produce a cutting and hemostasis effect.
  • the gain of the handset is determined by the handle and the tool.
  • the transducer is the core ultrasound component of the handle, so the gain of the transducer forms part of the system gain. In order to achieve the benefits of optimizing the gain and increasing the stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transducer commonly used for a cavity mirror or an endoscope, comprising: a horn 31, a piezoelectric conversion body 32, a rear end pad 33, and a second connecting member 34, on the horn, vibrating
  • the node typically has a projection 36, a flange-like design for securing the transducer housing, and a distal end portion 35 for the attachment of the surgical tool.
  • the present invention also provides a structural design of a specific horn. As shown in FIG. 2, the horn of the transducer of FIG.
  • a tapered cone 54 and a stepped portion 53 are provided at the proximal end;
  • the cone 54 includes a top end and a bottom end, the top end is connected to the stepped portion;
  • the top end has a diameter Df1, and the bottom end portion has a diameter of Db1 is 12-19 mm;
  • the tip diameter Df1 of the cone 54 is 7-14 mm, more preferably preferably 10-11 mm, most preferably 10 mm;
  • the length of the step 53 is preferably 7-14 mm More preferably 10 mm;
  • the cone 54 is 7-14 mm in length.
  • An enlarged portion 52 is provided in the intermediate section, the enlarged portion 52 having a diameter Db2; and the Db2 is preferably 12-16 mm in diameter, more preferably 14 mm.
  • the arc portion 51 extends distally to a distal rod having a diameter Df2 of 5-10 mm; the arc portion 51 is round
  • the radius of the arc is preferably 10-16 mm, more preferably 12 mm.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a handle and a tool for a laparoscopic surgery, including a drive handle 11, a transducer 1 disposed inside the housing of the drive handle, a tool housing 12, a connecting rod 13, a cutter head 14 and a connecting cable 15.
  • the cutter head 14 is connected to the drive handle through a connecting rod 13 for driving the handle 11 to work.
  • the handle transmits ultrasonic vibration to the cutter head 14 through the cutter bar inside the cutter, and the cutter head is in contact with the tissue. Produces cutting and hemostasis effects.
  • the operating frequency of the transducer is 53-57 kHz
  • the corresponding wavelength ⁇ in the piezoelectric transducer is 88-94 mm
  • the Ld is 8-15 mm.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a commonly used open surgical transducer, including: a horn 41, a piezoelectric transducer 42, a backing ring 43, and a second connector 44. On the horn, there is usually a vibration node. A projection 46, like a flange, is used to secure the transducer housing, and a distal end is provided with a first connector 45 for attaching the surgical tool.
  • the diameter of the piezoelectric conversion body 42 in the transducer of Fig. 4 is preferably 8.5 to 11 mm, more preferably 9.5 mm; and the total length Ld of the piezoelectric conversion body 42 is preferably 12 to 20 mm, more preferably Preferably, 16 mm, the piezoelectric conversion body portion is composed of 6-12 piezoelectric rings, preferably 8 sheets.
  • a horn specifically used for the transducer shown in FIG. 4 includes a tapered cone 64 and a stepped portion 63 at the proximal end, the cone 64 including a top end and a bottom end.
  • the diameter Db1 of the bottom end is preferably 8.5-11 mm, more preferably 9.5 mm, the tip diameter Df1 of the cone 64 is preferably 7-9 mm, more preferably 8 mm;
  • the length of the cone 64 is preferably 1-4 mm, more preferably 2 mm; the change in the length of the step 63 affects the amplitude of the first amplitude gain, so in order to better obtain the amplitude of the first amplitude gain, the length of the step 63 in the present embodiment is preferably 5-9 mm, more preferably 7 Millimeter.
  • An enlarged portion 62 is disposed in the middle portion, and the enlarged portion 62 is provided with a flange structure and a step connected to the flange structure, and the enlarged portion is provided with a joint at the distal rod
  • the arc portion, the enlarged portion connected to the arc portion, has a diameter Db2 of 9-12 mm.
  • the diameter Df2 of the distal rod 61 is preferably 2.6-3.6 mm, more preferably 3.1 mm, and the core length of the horn is preferably 64-72 mm, more preferably 68 mm from the end face 65 to the end face 66.
  • the transducer is a wavelength transducer, in particular a wave node provided with two longitudinal vibrations on the transducer.
  • the piezoelectric converter provided by the invention is in the near-half wavelength. If the piezoelectric converter is outside the near-half wavelength, the gain of the transducer decreases, the electrical input impedance is high and the load and frequency are sensitive. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the position of the piezoelectric conversion body. Therefore, the position of the piezoelectric transducer affects the characteristics of the transducer.
  • the back ring and the second connecting member of the piezoelectric conversion body are made of steel or titanium alloy, and the distal end is aluminum or titanium alloy.

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Abstract

一种超声手术刀用换能器，包括由远及近依次连接的第一连接件（35）、固定件、变幅杆（31）、压电转换体（32）、后端垫环（33）、第二连接件（34），上述换能器通过换能器中变幅杆（31）和压电转换体（32）之间的参数变化形成规律，从而得到使所述换能器既有良好的稳定性能，又具有良好的增益性能。

Description

超声手术刀用换能器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗器械领域，尤其涉及一种超声手术刀用换能器。
背景技术
超声手术刀大规模的应用已有20多年的历史，比起其它的手术方法，其优点是：产生烟雾少，手术视野清晰，热损伤小，兼有组织切割、凝固和分离的作用，且可精确控制切割和凝固范围，无电损伤的可能，快速振荡有自净作用，减少刀与组织的粘合。
超声手术刀可用于腔镜和内窥镜手术，也可用于开放式手术，可与其它手术器械，如传统的机械手术刀、电刀协调使用，也可单独使用，因为其集抓、剪、切、剥离、止血等多动能于一体。对不同的手术，需要适合的手柄来达到更易操作，更稳定平衡的效果。
为了使用安全，医生手持的超声手术刀系统在工作过程中过热，所以需要提高超声手术刀的工作效率，消耗很少的能量，为了达到上述目的，就需要提高超声手术刀系统的增益；但过高的增益又会降低系统稳定性。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种既能够提高超声手术刀系统稳定性又能够提高超声手术刀系统的增益的换能器。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明的技术方案为采用一种超声手术刀用换能器，包括由远及近依次连接的第一连接件、固定件、变幅杆、压电转换体、后端垫环、第二连接件，所述压电转换体的总长度Ld满足如下公式：所述压电转换体与换能器工作频率对应的波长为λ；所述变幅杆设置有两节变幅，变幅处的前后端直径分别为Df1，Db1和Df2，Db2；Ld、λ、Df1、Db1、Df2、Db2之间满足如下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018093988-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018093988-appb-000002
当所述Df2和Db1为定值，根据公式(2)计算Df1和Db2，再根据公式(1)和λ来得出Ld.；Ld的计算结果在10％的范围内调整。
优选的，所述压电转换体包括4-8片压电片。
优选的，该组压电转换体处于近端半波长内。
优选的，所述压电转换体近端的垫环和第二连接件为钢或钛合金，远端为铝或钛合金。
优选的方案，所述变幅杆包括：
在近端设有一渐缩的锥体和台阶部分；所述锥体包括顶端和底端，所述顶端连接所述台阶部分；所述顶端直径为Df1，所述底端部分直径为Db1；
在中间段设有增大部分，所述增大部分的直径为Db2；
在远段有一渐缩的圆弧部分，所述圆弧部分向远端延伸出一远端杆，所述远端杆直径为Df2。
优选的，所述椎体和所述台阶部分形成第一变幅部分；所述增大部分和所述远端杆形成第二变幅部分。
或者另一优选的方案，所述变幅杆包括：
在近端设有一渐缩的锥体和台阶部分，所述锥体包括顶端和底端，所述底端的直径Db1，锥体的顶端直径Df1；
在中间段设置有一增大部分，在所述增大部分上设置有法兰结构，及与所述法兰结构连接的台阶，所述增大部分与所述远端杆连接处设有一圆弧部分，与所述圆弧部分连接的所述增大部分的直径为Db2；
所述远端杆的直径Df2。
优选的，所述椎体和所述台阶部分形成第一变幅部分；所述增大部分和所述远端杆形成第二变幅部分。
优选的，所述变幅杆的核心长度从端面到端面为64-72毫米。
优选的，所述超声手术刀用换能器为波长换能器，具体为所述换能器上设置有两个纵振动的波节点。
本发明的首要改进之处为本发明提供的换能器将换能器机械的增益和电的增益放在一起全盘考虑，使手柄的增益问题和系统工作稳定性能同时得到改善。对于超声手术刀面对的机械负载，也就是夹持软组织产生的机械阻抗，如果机械的增益，也就是公式(2)所计算的变幅值太小，换能器会因大的机械振荡而发热；但如果其中的一级变幅太大，变幅后的远端可能会被抑制而无法稳定输出。用两级变幅、公式(2)限定的变幅范围可以使换能器适合这种负载状况的应用。根据机械的增益，电的增益也要调整，不然换能器的电输入阻抗会很高且对负载和频率很敏感，所以需要合适调整压电转换体的体积和位置。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1提供的一种换能器的示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1提供的换能器对应的变幅杆示意图；
图3是本发明实施例1提供的用于腔镜或开放手术的手柄和刀具示意图；
图4是本发明实施例2提供的一种换能器的示意图；
图5是本发明实施例2提供的换能器对应的变幅杆示意图；
图6是本发明实施例2提供用于开放手术的手柄和刀具示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
为了满足合适的增益，介电性能，足够驱动组织剪切止血的能力，和对电路驱动的要求，本发明提出如下的设计方案:。
一种超声手术刀用换能器，包括由远及近依次连接的第一连接件、固定件、变幅杆、压电转换体、后端垫环、第二连接件，设所述压电转换体的总长度为Ld；压电转换体与换 能器工作频率对应的波长为λ；
所述变幅杆设置有两节变幅，变幅处的前后端直径分别为Df1，Db1和Df2，Db2；Ld、λ、Df1、Db1、Df2、Db2之间满足如下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018093988-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018093988-appb-000004
当所述Df2和Db1为定值，根据公式(2)计算Df1和Db2，再根据公式(1)和λ来得出Ld.；Ld的计算结果在10％的范围内调整。
众所周知，超声手术刀系统通常主要由三部分组成，超声电发生器、手柄和刀具。这里把连在一起的手柄和刀具称作手持器。根据操作的方便性，有更适合腔镜和开放式手术的两种手持器。超声电发生器产生超声频电信号，通过连接电缆来驱动手柄工作，手柄通过刀具里面的刀杆将超声频振动传到刀头，刀头与组织接触产生切割和止血效果。
手持器的增益由手柄和刀具两部分共同决定，换能器是手柄的核心超声功能组件，因此换能器的增益构成系统增益的一部分。为了达到优化增益、增加稳定性的有益效果。结合附图，如下详细说明该种换能器设计的技术方案和特征。
根据上述公式的计算，得到换能器的结构。图1是常用于腔镜或内窥镜的换能器示意图，包括：变幅杆31、压电转换体32、后端垫环33、第二连接件34，在变幅杆上，在振动节点处通常有凸起36，类似法兰的设计，用于固定换能器外壳，远端设置有第一连接件35用于连接手术刀具。
基于以上设计方案，为了配合换能器中不同变量的设计合理，本发明还提供了具体的变幅杆的结构设计如图2所示是图1换能器的变幅杆。
在近端设有一渐缩的锥体54和台阶部分53；所述锥体54包括顶端和底端，所述顶端连接所述台阶部分；所述顶端直径为Df1，所述底端部分直径为Db1为12-19毫米；优选的，所述锥体54的顶端直径Df1为7-14毫米，更优选优选10～11毫米，最优选为10毫米；所述台阶53长度优选为7-14毫米，更优选10毫米；所述的锥体54长度7-14毫米。在中间段设有增大部分52，所述增大部分52的直径为Db2；所述Db2直径优选为12-16毫米，更优选14毫米。在远段有一渐缩的圆弧部分51，所述圆弧部分51向远端延伸出一远端杆，所述远端杆直径为Df2，为5-10毫米；所述圆弧部分51圆弧半径优选为10-16毫米，更优选12毫米。
图3是用于腔镜手术手柄和刀具示意图，包括驱动手柄11，换能器1设置在所述驱动手柄的外壳内部，刀具外壳12，连接杆13，刀头14和连接电缆15。所述刀头14通过连接杆13连接在所述驱动手柄上，所述连接电缆15来驱动手柄11工作，手柄通过刀具里面的刀杆将超声频振动传到刀头14，刀头与组织接触产生切割和止血效果。
在本实施例中，换能器的工作频率53-57kHz，在压电转换体里对应的波长λ是88-94毫米，Ld是8-15毫米。
图4是常用于开放式手术换能器示意图，包括：变幅杆41、压电转换体42、后端垫环43、第二连接件44，在变幅杆上，在振动节点处通常有凸起46，类似法兰的设计，用于固定换能器外壳，远端设置有第一连接件45用于连接手术刀具。
按照本发明，图4的换能器中压电转换体42的直径优选为8.5-11毫米，更优选9.5 毫米；所述压电转换体42总长度Ld优选为12-20毫米，更优选为优选16毫米，所述压电转换体部分由6-12片压电圆环组成，优选8片。
如图5所示，为图4所示的换能器具体使用的变幅杆，包括在近端设有一渐缩的锥体64和台阶部分63，所述锥体64包括顶端和底端，所述底端的直径Db1优选为8.5-11毫米，更优选9.5毫米，锥体64的顶端直径Df1优选为7-9毫米，更优选8毫米；锥体64长度优选为1-4毫米，更优选2毫米；台阶63长度的变化会影响第一变幅增益幅度，所以为了更好的获得第一变幅增益的幅度，在本实施例中所述台阶63长度优选5-9毫米，更优选7毫米。
在中间段设置有一增大部分62，在所述增大部分62上设置有法兰结构，及与所述法兰结构连接的台阶，所述增大部分与所述远端杆连接处设有一圆弧部分，与所述圆弧部分连接的所述增大部分的直径为Db2，为9-12毫米。
所述远端杆61的直径Df2优选为2.6-3.6毫米，更优选为3.1毫米，变幅杆的核心长度从端面65到端面66是优选为64-72毫米，更优选为68毫米。
按照本发明，优选的，所述换能器为波长换能器，具体为所述换能器上设置有两个纵振动的波节点。
本发明提供的压电转换体处于近端半波长内，如果压电转换体处于近端半波长以外，换能器电的增益就下降，电输入阻抗会很高且对负载和频率很敏感，所以需要保持压电转换体的位置。所以在压电转换体位置会影响到换能器的特性。
为了进一步提高换能器的使用寿命和电性能。优选的，所述压电转换体近端的垫环和第二连接件为钢或钛合金，远端为铝或钛合金。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超声手术刀用换能器，包括由远及近依次连接的第一连接件、固定件、变幅杆、压电转换体、后端垫环、第二连接件，其特征在于，所述压电转换体的总长度Ld满足以下公式：
    所述压电转换体与换能器工作频率对应的波长为λ；所述变幅杆设置有两节变幅，变幅处的前后端直径分别为Df1，Db1和Df2，Db2；其中，Ld、λ、Df1、Db1、Df2、Db2之间满足如下条件：
    Figure PCTCN2018093988-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2018093988-appb-100002
    当所述Df2和Db1为定值，根据公式(2)计算选择Df1和Db2，再根据公式(1)和λ来得出Ld；Ld的计算结果在10％的范围内调整。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述压电转换体包括4-8片压电片。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，该组压电转换体处于近端半波长内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述压电转换体近端的垫环和第二连接件为钢或钛合金，远端为铝或钛合金。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述变幅杆包括：
    在近端设有一渐缩的锥体(54)和台阶部分(53)；所述锥体(54)包括顶端和底端，所述顶端连接所述台阶部分；所述顶端直径为Df1，所述底端部分直径为Db1；
    在中间段设有增大部分(52)，所述增大部分(52)的直径为Db2；
    在远段有一渐缩的圆弧部分(51)，所述圆弧部分(51)向远端延伸出一远端杆，所述远端杆直径为Df2。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述椎体(54)和所述台阶部分(53)形成第一变幅部分；所述增大部分(52)和所述远端杆形成第二变幅部分。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述变幅杆包括：在近端设有一渐缩的锥体(64)和台阶部分(63)，所述锥体(64)包括顶端和底端，所述底端的直径Db1，锥体(64)的顶端直径Df1；
    在中间段设置有一增大部分(62)，在所述增大部分(62)上设置有法兰结构，及与所述法兰结构连接的台阶，所述增大部分与所述远端杆连接处设有一圆弧部分，与所述圆弧部分连接的所述增大部分的直径为Db2；
    所述远端杆(61)的直径Df2。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述椎体(64)和所述台阶部分(63)形成第一变幅部分；所述增大部分(62)和所述远端杆(61)形成第二变幅部分。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述变幅杆的核心长度从端面(65)到端面(66)为64-72毫米。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任意一项所述的超声手术刀用换能器，其特征在于，所述超声手术刀用换能器为波长换能器，具体为所述换能器上设置有两个纵振动的波节点。
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