WO2019069095A1 - Ensemble pile à combustible ou électrolyseur - Google Patents

Ensemble pile à combustible ou électrolyseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019069095A1
WO2019069095A1 PCT/GB2018/052854 GB2018052854W WO2019069095A1 WO 2019069095 A1 WO2019069095 A1 WO 2019069095A1 GB 2018052854 W GB2018052854 W GB 2018052854W WO 2019069095 A1 WO2019069095 A1 WO 2019069095A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst containing
assembly
anion exchange
fuel cell
containing layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2018/052854
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Chris Reynolds
Suzannah HEXTER
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Afc Energy Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Afc Energy Plc filed Critical Afc Energy Plc
Publication of WO2019069095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019069095A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/8668—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/8673—Electrically conductive fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1065—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the form, e.g. perforated or wave-shaped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) fuel cells and/or electrolysers, electrode assemblies of such fuel cells and/or electrolysers, and to catalyst containing layers of such electrode assemblies.
  • AEM Anion Exchange Membrane
  • Fuel cells have been identified as a relatively clean and efficient source of electrical power.
  • Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) are of interest because they operate at relatively low temperatures, are efficient and mechanically and electrochemically durable.
  • Anion Exchange Membrane fuel cells are functionally similar to AFCs but employ a solid electrolyte, whereas AFCs use aqueous potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte.
  • AEMFCs are of particular interest because, among other advantages, they are less prone to carbonate precipitation on electrodes, and, in alkaline environments, can potentially allow the use of relatively inexpensive, non-noble metal catalysts, such as silver or iron phthalocyanines for the cathode and nickel for the anode, due to the more facile oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode.
  • ORR oxygen reduction reaction
  • Such AEMFCs comprise electrode assemblies familiar to those skilled in the art; a solid electrolyte Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with a catalyst containing layer on either side of the AEM, and further Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) applied on either side over the catalyst containing layers.
  • the catalyst containing layer may be a layer discrete from the GDL layer (albeit in intimate contact), comprising catalyst, carbon and a hydrophobic material.
  • the catalyst layer on each side of the AEM may simply be a coating of electrocatalyst material on a face of the GDL layer.
  • GDLs are typically composed of porous materials comprising a dense array of carbon fibres in the form of a cloth or paper, or alternatively may comprise or be composed of a metallic material, and provide an electrically conductive pathway for current collection. In some embodiments they also comprise a hydrophobic material which may also serve the function of a binder.
  • AEMFCs One of the challenges of AEMFCs is achieving OH- ion conductivity comparable to H+ conductivity observed in (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). It is therefore beneficial to provide improvements to AEMFCs which address or mitigate problems in the prior art.
  • a membrane electrode assembly suitable for use in a fuel cell, comprising:
  • the anion exchange membrane comprises a solid state electrolyte
  • at least one catalyst containing layer comprises particulates of the solid state electrolyte material of the anion exchange membrane.
  • the presence of electrolyte in the catalyst containing layer provides for anion exchange capacity deep into the catalyst containing layer, improving OH- ion conductivity in the electrode. This should increase the power performance of a fuel cell or decrease the amount of power required for electrolysis (the devices become more efficient).
  • the similarity of materials further provides for enhanced ionic conductivity into and/or through the catalyst containing layer.
  • KOH is present as a liquid electrolyte both in the membrane layer and in the catalyst containing layers.
  • the invention enables the use of a fuel cell or electrolyser without liquid KOH present.
  • Much previous work has been performed on ways to mitigate the corrosive and reactive effects of liquid KOH in fuel cells.
  • solid state electrolyte is used both as the AEM and is also 'infused' into the catalyst containing layer, the requirement to use liquid KOH is beneficially avoided.
  • particulates of solid state electrolyte are distributed on or through the catalyst containing layer.
  • At least one catalyst containing layer comprises particulates of the solid state electrolyte material of the anion exchange membrane.
  • this effect is improved further by disposing the particulate material within the catalyst layer such that an interpenetrating network of electrolyte material is present. In this way, channels of ionic conductivity are provided deep into the catalyst layer, maximising contact with the catalyst particles themselves, and so maximising performance.
  • the catalyst containing layer would be of the order of 500 ⁇ thick, or thinner, and the particulates of solid state electrolyte that are embedded within the catalyst would be in the size range 10 ⁇ to 250 ⁇ . Suitable ranges may also include, in some embodiments, 10 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ to 250 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ , or 50 ⁇ to 250 ⁇ , for example.
  • the particulates of anion exchange material embedded in the catalyst layer may comprise whiskers or tubes of anion exchange material. Ionic conductivity is improved by the presence of these types of particulates.
  • the catalyst containing layer further comprises an electro-catalyst.
  • electro-catalysts may comprise platinum, palladium, silver, nickel, or alloys thereof. Ceramic and carbon based catalysts are also available.
  • the catalyst containing layer may contain fullerene or fullerene based materials, such as carbon nanotubes or graphene, or other carbon materials such as carbon black. Further, the catalyst containing layer may comprise a fluid-permeable hydrophobic material such as PTFE. Another suitable material is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), which may be used instead of or in addition to the PTFE. Another possibility is a perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer or copolymer. A fluorinated ethylene/propylene copolymer (FEP) or an ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) are other options.
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene/propylene copolymer
  • ETFE ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
  • MEAs membrane electrode assemblies
  • bipolar plates connect and separate individual MEAs, conduct electrical current from one MEA to the next, provide physical support, facilitate the distribution of fuel and oxidant to the MEA, facilitate water management, and additionally may provide clamping forces to press the various layers of MEAs together.
  • the MEA of the present invention is disposed between a pair of bipolar plates.
  • aspects and embodiments of the present invention may advantageously require less clamping force to be applied across the MEAs; this being the case, the bipolar plates in a fuel cell or electrolyser, or fuel cell or electrolyser stack, comprising MEAs in accordance with aspects and embodiments as described herein may be thinner and lighter than might otherwise be required. This is advantageous in terms of both potential weight saving in a fuel cell or electrolyser device and also in terms of material cost.
  • a fuel cell stack comprises multiple fuel cells arranged as a stack, in order to provide a higher output power.
  • Such a stack may include between two cells and two hundred cells, more typically between eight cells and one hundred cells.
  • a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly as described in other aspects and embodiments.
  • a fuel cell stack comprising a membrane electrode assembly as described in other aspects and embodiments.
  • fuel cells in principle have the capacity to run in reverse mode and perform electrolysis.
  • a device is often termed a regenerative fuel cell or is simply known as an electrolyser.
  • the present membrane electrode assembly is suitable for use in such an electrolyser as well as in a fuel cell.
  • An electrolyser stack comprises multiple electrolyser cells arranged as a stack, in order to produce a greater rate of oxygen / hydrogen production.
  • Such a stack may include between two cells and two hundred cells, more typically between eight cells and one hundred cells. Accordingly, in an aspect there is provided an electrolyser comprising a membrane electrode assembly as described in other aspects and embodiments.
  • an electrolyser stack comprising an electrolyser or a membrane electrode assembly as described in other aspects and embodiments.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional view through one cell of a fuel cell or electrolyser stack comprising an Anion exchange membrane electrode assembly in accordance with the invention.
  • the figure shows:
  • Anion exchange membrane 5. Catalyst containing layer
  • Figure 2 shows a catalyst layer structure according to an aspect of the invention.
  • Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d show diagrammatic cross-sectional partial views through a portion of the catalyst layer (5) in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • the figures show:
  • Figure 3 shows a representative graph indicating expected test results of a fuel cell constructed in an analogous manner to a fuel cell in accordance with embodiments described herein.
  • the Figure shows:
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram of a test cell as is used to produce the results of the test cell in Figure 3.
  • the Figure shows:
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view through the structural components of a cell for a 5 fuel cell comprising an assembly in accordance with the invention as may be used in a fuel cell or electrolyser, with the components separated for clarity.
  • Figure 1 of Patent publication GB2508649 shows a typical arrangement of a fuel cell stack, and it will be apparent that the arrangement of components in such a stack may be modified in accordance with the arrangement shown in Figure 5. Further, the person skilled in the art i o will recognise the changes required to run such an assembly as an electrolyser.
  • a fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly (8) between two bipolar plates (1 , 7). At the centre of the membrane electrode assembly is a solid state anion exchange membrane (4). On either side of the anion exchange membrane is a catalyst layer (3, 5), and on the outside faces of the catalyst layers are gas diffusion layers (2, 6). All the layers are in intimate contact, and are pressed together by a clamping
  • Typical materials for a catalyst layer include carbon, with a hydrophobic binder which may be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and an appropriate active catalytic material in particulate form.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Typical materials for a gas diffusion layer include a carbon material such as carbon paper or carbon cloth.
  • the carbon is often mixed with a hydrophobic binder which may be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FIG. 30 Referring to Figure 2a, there is shown a catalyst layer (5) on which particulates (100) are deposited.
  • FIG. 2b there is shown a catalyst layer (5) in which particulates (100) are distributed through the catalyst containing layer. In this instance, the penetration of the 35 particles through the catalyst containing layer is incomplete.
  • FIG. 2c there is shown a catalyst layer (5) in which particulates (100) are distributed through the catalyst containing layer. In this Figure, the penetration of the particles through the catalyst containing layer is complete and they form an interpenetrating network.
  • FIG. 2d there is shown a catalyst layer (5) in which particulates (100) are distributed throughout the catalyst containing layer and comprise whiskers (101) and tubes (102).
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a cross-sectional view through the structural components of a cell with the components separated for clarity.
  • the Membrane Electrode Assembly (8) is shown, which is as essentially described in relation to Figure 1 and comprises GDL (2), catalyst containing layer (3), Anion Exchange Membrane (4), catalyst containing layer (5) and GDL (6).
  • the Bipolar plates (1 , 7) are shown here in more detail; each defines rectangular blind recesses (21 , 27) on the inner face to act as gas chambers, surrounded by a frame comprising a shallow (22, 28) surrounding each gas chamber.
  • the GDL and catalyst layers (2, 3 and 5, 6) locate in the shallow frame recesses of each bipolar plate, with the GDL layers (2, 6) facing the gas chambers and the catalyst-containing layers (3, 5) facing the Anion Exchange Membrane (4).
  • the opposing surfaces of the bipolar plates are provided with a resilient sealing element (25).
  • the sealing element ensures that gases cannot leak out of the gas chambers and so remain on their respective face of the Membrane Electrode Assembly.
  • the gases are supplied into the gas chambers by means of ducts through the bodies of the bipolar plates (not shown) in accordance with means known in the art, or as shown in principle in Figure 4. Outlets are also provided for unused reactants and/or reaction products.
  • a cell as shown in Figure 5 may be run as a fuel cell or part of a fuel cell stack, or alternatively as an electrolyser or as part of an electrolyser stack.
  • a fuel cell test system ( Figure 4) may be set up in the following manner.
  • a solid Anion Exchange Membrane (4) prepared by soaking in a 1 Mol KOH solution.
  • An AEM such as a FUMASEP® product from FUMATECHTM would be a suitable representative test subject that would be familiar to a person skilled in the art.
  • Each catalyst-containing layer (3, 40, 5, 41) and GDL layer (2, 6) pair are affixed together ensuring intimate contact between the layers and providing GDL-catalyst layers.
  • a test cell is constructed from the soaked AEM, with the catalyst containing layers and GDL layers, in the form of GDL-catalyst layers, placed either side of the AEM such that the catalyst containing layers are in contact with each side of the AEM.
  • the whole Anion Exchange Membrane Electrode assembly (GDL, catalyst containing layer, soaked AEM, catalyst containing layer, GDL) is in turn pressed between a pair of bipolar plates (1 , 7) which are clamped together with a clamping force of, for example, about 5.5 Nm torque.
  • the fuel cell temperature is controlled at 40°C or 60°C, and supplied with pure H2 (42) into one GDL, via an inlet at the anode side (3, 40), and pure O2 (44) into the other GDL via an inlet at the cathode side (5, 41), with flow rates of 1 L/min for both gases, with no back-pressure, and both gases at 100% Relative Humidity (RH).
  • the temperatures of the gases are controlled at either 36°C, 38°C or 60°C.
  • Outlets are provided to allow for an outlet of hydrogen (43) from the anode side and an outlet of oxygen and water (45).
  • Polarisation curves (34, 35, 36) are obtained by scanning the voltage and measuring the potentiodynamic current in order to obtain indicative power densities (37, 38, 39).
  • Figure 3 shows an example of a typical set of power curves as expected to be obtained by these tests, where:
  • Graph 30 comprises three axes; a Potential axis 31 measuring Volts, a Current Density Axis 32 measuring milliamps per cm 2 , and a Power Density axis 33 measuring milliwatts per cm 2 .
  • a forward voltage scan as represented by line 36, at a cell temperature of 60°, a hydrogen temperature of 60° and an oxygen temperature of 60° is performed and a result for power density is obtained as represented by line 39.
  • the positive effect of the presence of KOH in the catalyst containing layers as well as the AEM is indicated by the higher peak power obtained in the first test (power density line 37) as opposed to the third test (power density line 39).
  • the anion exchange membrane comprises a solid state electrolyte
  • the catalyst containing layers comprise particulates of the solid state electrolyte material of the anion exchange membrane.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble membrane-électrode (8), approprié pour être utilisé dans une pile à combustible ou dans un électrolyseur, comprenant : - une membrane échangeuse d'anions (4) ; - deux couches contenant un catalyseur (3, 5), disposées chacune de part et d'autre de la membrane échangeuse d'anions (4), et - deux couches de diffusion de gaz (2, 6), chacune en contact avec l'une desdites des couches contenant un catalyseur (3, 5), - la membrane échangeuse d'anions (4) comprenant un électrolyte à l'état solide, - au moins une couche contenant un catalyseur (3, 5) comprenant des particules du matériau électrolytique à l'état solide de la membrane échangeuse d'anions (4).
PCT/GB2018/052854 2017-10-06 2018-10-05 Ensemble pile à combustible ou électrolyseur WO2019069095A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1716428.6 2017-10-06
GB1716428.6A GB2567226A (en) 2017-10-06 2017-10-06 Fuel cell or electrolyser assembly

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019069095A1 true WO2019069095A1 (fr) 2019-04-11

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060257641A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Sung-Yong Cho Electrode substrate for a fuel cell, a method for preparing the same, and a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the same
US20150099207A1 (en) * 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Tokyo Institute Of Technology Catalyst layer for gas diffusion electrode, method for manufacturing the same, membrane electrode assembly, and fuel cell
EP2876713A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2015-05-27 Tokuyama Corporation Couche de catalyseur pour piles à combustible à membrane d'échange d'anions, système de membrane-électrode, pile à combustible à membrane d'échange d'anions utilisant le système de membrane-électrode, et procédé de fonctionnement de pile à combustible à membrane d'échange d'anions
US20150349368A1 (en) * 2014-05-29 2015-12-03 Christopher G. ARGES Reversible alkaline membrane hydrogen fuel cell-water electrolyzer

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5358408B2 (ja) * 2009-11-26 2013-12-04 株式会社日立製作所 膜電極接合体及びこれを用いた燃料電池
US20140356761A1 (en) * 2011-08-11 2014-12-04 Amalyst Limited Catalysts

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060257641A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Sung-Yong Cho Electrode substrate for a fuel cell, a method for preparing the same, and a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the same
EP2876713A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2015-05-27 Tokuyama Corporation Couche de catalyseur pour piles à combustible à membrane d'échange d'anions, système de membrane-électrode, pile à combustible à membrane d'échange d'anions utilisant le système de membrane-électrode, et procédé de fonctionnement de pile à combustible à membrane d'échange d'anions
US20150099207A1 (en) * 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Tokyo Institute Of Technology Catalyst layer for gas diffusion electrode, method for manufacturing the same, membrane electrode assembly, and fuel cell
US20150349368A1 (en) * 2014-05-29 2015-12-03 Christopher G. ARGES Reversible alkaline membrane hydrogen fuel cell-water electrolyzer

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GB2567226A (en) 2019-04-10

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