WO2019066346A1 - 플라즈모닉 흡수체 및 이를 이용한 태양-수증기 생성 장치 - Google Patents
플라즈모닉 흡수체 및 이를 이용한 태양-수증기 생성 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019066346A1 WO2019066346A1 PCT/KR2018/010912 KR2018010912W WO2019066346A1 WO 2019066346 A1 WO2019066346 A1 WO 2019066346A1 KR 2018010912 W KR2018010912 W KR 2018010912W WO 2019066346 A1 WO2019066346 A1 WO 2019066346A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plasmonic absorber for a solar-steam generator capable of producing a large area by a simple method with high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and a solar-steam generator using the same.
- renewable energy which converts the energy that is transformed or extinct in its natural state into available energy
- Examples of renewable energy are wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, and are expected to replace fossil energy such as coal or oil.
- Solar energy has attracted the most attention because of its universal, clean, environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics and has been widely used for hydrogen production, power generation, photocatalysis, water purification and desalination.
- the solar energy reaching the surface of the earth annually is about 2.85 million EJ, which is an enormous energy source that amounts to about 10,000 times the world's annual energy consumption. Nevertheless, the use of solar energy is still very limited.
- the production of water vapor by the evaporation of water which is a phase transfer process, is done industrially in two ways.
- One is the use of fossil fuels such as coal for the production of water vapor to heat a large amount of water in the steam engine, which causes environmental pollution.
- the second method is known as solar-steam production.
- a traditional solar-water vapor production system is used for power generation, in which solar light is reflected / condensed by a collector using various optical devices to heat the water to the boiling point. Thermal energy is produced by the steam turbine. This has been studied for decades, but it is still expensive and inefficient.
- Plasmonic solar-driven steam generation (PSSG) system using plasmonic photothermal materials that convert solar light into heat
- Plasmonic photothermal materials act as transducers that convert light into heat by rapid energy release through electron relaxation, which evaporates water quickly with light irradiation for several seconds in a different environment than conventional conventional solar-steam production systems .
- the PSSG system can be classified into two types depending on the location of the photo-thermal conversion material in the liquid phase.
- the first class is a suspension system in which small particles are dispersed in the working liquid and the second class is a floating system in which the aggregates of particles float on the surface of the working liquid.
- the floating system concentrates heat on the water surface by floating the light absorbing material on the surface layer of water, so that the loss of heat due to the downward water can be avoided.
- a representative example of a floating PSSG system utilizes the plasmonic characteristic of a metal.
- a combination of anodic oxidation, wet etching, and sputtering methods has been proposed for the absorber consisting of a black gold film, and light heat for light irradiation of 1 kW / m2 (1 sun) The conversion efficiency was 26 to 45%.
- Deng et al. Small , 2014, 10, 3234-3239
- the same group has developed a double layer of gold thin film as paper and photo- ( Adv. Mater. , 2015, 27, 2768-2774). That is, a paper is fixed on a support in the middle of a beaker, a solution of gold nanoparticles is put on the surface of the solution to form a thin film by self-assembly of gold nanoparticles, and then the solution is removed using a syringe, An absorber was prepared by forming a nanoparticle thin film layer.
- Paper increases the absorption of incident light through diffuse reflection, and serves to increase the evaporation area of water while providing water to be evaporated by the capillary force. With this configuration, the light - to - heat conversion efficiency increased to 77.8% for light irradiation of 4.5 kW / m 2.
- Zhu et al. (Science Advances, 2016, 2, e1501227) fabricated an absorber in which an alumina nanopore template was subjected to anodic oxidation and gold ions were vapor deposited (PVD), and irradiated with 1 kW / To 65% and 4 kW / m < 2 > (4 sun), respectively.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a plasmonic absorber for a solar-water vapor generating apparatus which is easy to manufacture in a large area by a simple method using a low-cost material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a solar-water vapor generating device using the above-described plasmonic absorber.
- the present invention relates to a plasmonic absorber for a solar-water vapor generator in which plasmonic gold nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed and immobilized on a porous hydrophilic polymer substrate.
- the 'solar-steam generator' is a device for generating steam by converting solar energy into thermal energy, and it is of course also possible to use artificial light instead of sunlight.
- the hydrophilic polymer may be a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer and may be composed of one or more of a species or cotton, a cellulose resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene glycol and a hydrophilic polyurethane , But is not limited thereto.
- the first absorbance should be excellent.
- the absorbance of the plasmonic absorber of the present invention in the ultraviolet to far infrared (250 to 2500 nm) region is preferably 80% or more. The higher the absorbance, the greater the available sunlight, so the upper limit of the absorbance is of course nonsignificant.
- the absorbed sunlight must be effectively converted to heat and used for steam generation.
- the smaller the average particle diameter of the gold nanoparticles the more efficient the formation of water vapor, and the average particle diameter was preferably 1 to 25 nm.
- the coverage of the gold nanoparticles on the surface of the plasmonic absorber also affects the vapor production efficiency by the plasmonic absorber. If the ratio of the gold nanoparticles is too small, the efficiency of photo-thermal conversion is lowered because the ratio of plasmons causing photo-thermal conversion is reduced. If the ratio is too large, the surface area of the hydrophilic polymer evaporated by water vapor is decreased The steam generation efficiency is reduced.
- the covering power ratio of the gold nanoparticles is preferably 30 to 70%.
- the gold nanoparticles absorb light of all wavelengths, and the plasmonic absorber becomes a black gold absorber.
- the reflection of the incident light increases, resulting in the yellow color of ordinary gold.
- a plasmonic absorber for a solar-water vapor generator of the present invention comprises (A) preparing a porous substrate made of a hydrophilic polymer; (B) absorbing and drying the gold nanoparticle precursor solution on the substrate; And (C) treating the dried substrate with a plasma at atmospheric pressure.
- the step (A) is a step of preparing a substrate of the plasmonic absorber.
- the preparation of the substrate includes a pretreatment step such as washing.
- the thickness of the base material is preferably 1 ⁇ to 5 ⁇ . If the thickness of the substrate is too thin, the amount of plasmonic material adsorbed may be too small, and if the thickness of the substrate is too large, the efficiency may be lowered due to heat loss.
- the optimum substrate thickness may be set depending on the material, taking into account the porosity, the size of the voids, and the gap between voids, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The size of the pores, the gap between pores, and the porosity can be easily set to optimum conditions according to the material and the detailed structure of the substrate.
- paper was used as a substrate, but natural or synthetic hydrophilic polymers having a porous structure as described above can also be used as a substrate.
- the method is suitable for immobilizing gold nanoparticles on the surface of a substrate without damaging the substrate, when heat-labile materials such as paper or cotton are used as substrates.
- the step (B) is a step of supporting the gold nanoparticle precursor in the substrate by absorbing and drying the gold nanoparticle precursor solution on the substrate.
- the gold nanoparticle precursor may be any one that can be reduced to gold nanoparticles by plasma treatment, and conventional precursors used in the production of gold nanoparticles can be used in the prior art. More specifically, examples thereof include gold tetrachloride, gold trichloride, potassium tetrachloride, hydroxide gold, oxide gold, and gold sulfide.
- the concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor is preferably 10 to 1000 mM, more preferably 10 to 200 mM.
- the concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor solution greatly affects the amount of the plasmonic substance to be contained in the absorber, that is, the surface ratio of gold nanoparticles in the absorber. As the concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor increases, the surface ratio increases.
- the substrate In order to absorb the solution of the gold nanoparticle precursor on the substrate, the substrate is immersed in the gold nanoparticle precursor solution and then taken out, dropped, sprayed, or sprayed with a large area, Method can be used, and any method can be used as long as it can absorb the solution evenly on the substrate.
- the concentration of gold nanoparticle precursor is too high, aggregation of gold nanoparticles can occur and it is more effective to treat this step repeatedly using a low concentration precursor solution rather than treating a high concentration of the precursor solution at once . That is, it was more effective to repeat the process of treating and drying the gold nanoparticle precursor solution at a concentration of 100 mM twice, as compared with the gold nanoparticle precursor having a concentration of 200 mM once and dried.
- the concentration of the precursor solution decreases, the number of repeated treatments increases in order to increase the absorbance of the plasmonic absorber. Therefore, it is possible to select appropriate conditions from the viewpoint of economical efficiency of the process, at a level of 2 to 5 repetitions.
- the substrate was pale yellow as the gold nanoparticle precursor solution was absorbed into the substrate.
- the gold nanoparticle precursor supported on the substrate in step (B) is treated with plasma to reduce gold nanoparticles as a plasmonic material.
- the gold nanoparticle precursor supported in the porous substrate is reduced to black gold nanoparticles and dispersed evenly.
- the absorber formed with the gold thin film by PVD is coated in the porous substrate, but since it exists in the form of a thin film, evaporation of water absorbed in the substrate is not effective and only water present in the pore can be evaporated.
- the plasmonic absorber of the present invention is a form in which nanoparticles are dispersed and adsorbed on a substrate, not only water present in the void formed by the substrate but also water absorbed in the substrate can be effectively evaporated to generate steam. As a result, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the plasmonic absorber produced by Zhu et al.
- the plasmonic absorber of the present invention in which the black gold nanoparticles are dispersed in a porous substrate has not only 94% of light-heat conversion efficiency at 3 sun light but also 90% of light-heat conversion efficiency even at 1 sun light intensity, Very remarkable.
- the plasma treatment may be performed at normal temperature and normal pressure. However, since it is not excluded to apply the plasma in the state where the vacuum or the pressure is applied, if it is necessary to treat the plasma in the vacuum state or the pressurized state, the plasma may be treated under the condition.
- the treatment time of the plasma may be from 1 minute to 100 minutes, and the power of the plasma may be from 10 to 500 W.
- the intensity of the plasma affects the size of the generated gold nanoparticles, and as the plasma intensity increases, the size of the gold nanoparticles decreases. Therefore, the size of the gold nanoparticles can be effectively controlled by controlling the plasma processing time or power.
- step (B) If the treatment of the gold nanoparticle precursor solution in step (B) is repeated two to five times, the plasma treatment of this step may also be repeated with step (B). That is, the plasma may be treated after the repetitive treatment of the gold nanoparticle precursor solution in step (B) is completed, but the treatment of the plasma after each gold nanoparticle precursor solution may be repeated.
- the plasma treatment in this step treats the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate, respectively.
- the absorbance in the near infrared region (750 to 1200 nm) greatly increased compared to the upper surface only.
- the present invention also relates to a solar-steam generating apparatus including the above-described plasmonic absorber. More particularly, the solar-water vapor generating apparatus of the present invention comprises an insulating layer floating on top of water; The above-described plasmonic absorber of the present invention located above the heat insulating layer; And a porous hydrophilic polymer layer which is in contact with the entire upper surface of the lower surface of the plasmonic absorber and is partly immersed in water below the heat insulating layer to continuously supply water to the plasmonic absorber. have.
- the porous hydrophilic polymer layer absorbs water by capillary phenomenon and supplies water to the plasmonic absorber. At this time, the entire upper surface of the porous hydrophilic polymer layer is brought into contact with the lower surface of the plasmonic absorber so that water can be supplied to the plasmonic absorber without energy loss.
- the upper surface of the porous hydrophilic polymer layer is the upper surface of the surface balanced with the water surface. If the porous hydrophilic polymer layer is exposed to the outside without contacting the lower surface of the plasmonic absorber on the upper surface of the porous hydrophilic polymer layer, heat loss occurs through the exposed surface, The efficiency is lowered.
- the sun-steam generating device may be installed on water existing in nature without a separate water container such as a sea, a river, and a lake, or may be installed in a container containing a limited volume of water.
- the above-described solar-water vapor generating device can be specifically used as a component of a device requiring generation of water vapor, such as a desalination device, a wastewater treatment device, and a distillation device.
- the water vapor in the above-described solar-water vapor generating device can be produced with the highest efficiency when the amount of water supplied to the plasmonic absorber by the porous hydrophilic polymer layer and the amount of water evaporated by the plasmonic absorber are in equilibrium. If the amount of water supplied by the porous hydrophilic polymer layer is less than the amount of evaporation by the plasmonic absorber, the plasmonic absorber is dried, so that heat can not be used for the production of steam but is diverged.
- the plasmonic absorber of the present invention has remarkably superior light-to-heat conversion efficiency as compared with the conventionally reported plasmonic absorber, and exhibits a light-to-heat conversion efficiency of 90% at a high light intensity as well as at 1 sun incident light.
- the plasmonic absorber of the present invention can be manufactured by treating the plasma at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by a simple process, and is not limited to the substrate material such as paper, cotton, synthetic resin, etc., It is possible to manufacture economically and is suitable for industrial use.
- the size and surface ratio of the gold nanoparticles can be easily controlled by the porosity of the substrate, the thickness, the concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor solution to be used, the plasma treatment conditions, and the like, so that the solar absorptivity and the thermal emissivity can be easily controlled.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a manufacturing process of a plasmon absorber and a photograph of the absorber manufactured thereby.
- FIG. 2 is an SEM and TEM image of a plasmonic absorber made according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an XRD diffraction analysis spectrum of a plasmonic absorber fabricated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an XPS spectrum of a plasmonic absorber fabricated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an FT-IR spectrum of a plasmonic absorber fabricated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph and table showing the average size of the gold nanoparticles and the coverage of the gold nanoparticles according to the conditions at the time of manufacturing the absorber.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the absorbance of the absorber according to the conditions at the time of manufacturing the absorber.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph and a graph of efficiency evaluation of a device for generating solar-water vapor using a plasmonic absorber fabricated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a graph showing the conditions for producing the absorber and the amount of solar-water vapor production over time.
- Figure 11 is a graph showing the effect of water delivery rate on water vapor production in a solar-steam production unit.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the rate of steam production according to the running time of the solar-steam production apparatus.
- 13 is a graph showing the concentration of metal ions in fresh water produced by the desalination apparatus and a photograph of the absorber after desalination.
- Example 1 Preparation of a Plasmonic Absorber for Solar-Steam Generation
- Whatman # 42 filter paper was used as a support (substrate) for the preparation of the absorber.
- the filter paper was cut into 1.5 ⁇ 1.5 cm and immersed in a 10% (v / v) HNO 3 solution for 12 hours.
- the filter paper was washed repeatedly with DI water until the pH of the washing solution became equal to the DI number.
- the substrate was again immersed in an aqueous solution of NaHCO 3 at a concentration of 10 g / L for 1 hour, then washed repeatedly with DI water until the pH of the washing solution became equal to the number of DI, and dried at 50 ° C. in an N 2 environment for 2 hours Respectively.
- chloroethyl chloroformate HAFuCl 4 .xH 2 O
- the dried paper was placed in the sample holder of the plasma equipment, and the distance between the paper and the plasma electrode was adjusted to 3 mm.
- the paper was dried, turned upside down, placed in the plasma holder, treated with plasma for 15 minutes to reduce the remaining gold ions, and both sides were subjected to plasma treatment.
- the samples were dried at 50 °C under vacuum for 2 hours and stored in a dark room.
- Fig. 1 (a) is a schematic view of a process for producing the above-described plasmonic absorber for generating a solar-water vapor
- Fig. 1 (b) is a photograph of an absorber produced by the above method using each concentration of tetrachloromethane.
- Example 2 Analysis of structural characteristics of a plasmonic absorber for generating solar-steam
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. g is a TEM-EDS mapping image.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows the structure of a paper made of cellulose, and b and c, which are enlarged, show that gold nanoparticles represented by white dots are adsorbed on the surface of cellulose.
- the TEM image also shows that the gold nanoparticles are adsorbed on the surface of the cellulose, and the EDS mapping shows that the gold nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed throughout the paper.
- Fig. 3 is an X-ray diffraction analysis spectrum of the filter paper used for the production of the absorber, measured before and after washing, and with respect to the absorber.
- the peaks indicated by * in FIG. 3 correspond to the peaks of monolithic cellulose, and in the absorber, peaks corresponding to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) Was observed.
- FIG. 4 shows the C1s-XPS spectrum of the filter paper (a) and the absorber (b) after washing
- FIG. 6 is a graph and table showing the influence of the intensity of gold nanoparticle precursor and plasma on the production of gold nanoparticles.
- an increase in the intensity of the plasma reduces the size of the nanoparticles but does not greatly affect the ratio of the surface nanoparticles.
- the increase in the concentration of the nanoparticle precursor does not greatly affect the size of the nanoparticles, It can be confirmed that the ratio is increased.
- Example 3 Optical characterization of a plasmonic absorber for generating solar-steam
- the absorbance of the absorber In order to increase the efficiency of solar-water vapor production, the absorbance of the absorber must be high.
- the optical properties of the absorber prepared in Example 1 were analyzed. Since the size and density of gold nanoparticles in the absorber will affect the absorbance, the optical properties of the absorber prepared under various conditions are measured by transmittance and reflectance. Absorbance (% A) was calculated from transmittance (% T) and reflectance (% R) by the following formula.
- FIG. 7 shows the absorbance of the wet state absorber prepared according to the concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor.
- the plasma treatment was performed only once on the upper surface, and only in the case of 100 mM (2 + 1)
- the bottom surface was subjected to plasma treatment twice. 7, the absorbance of the ultraviolet to far infrared (250 to 2500 nm) region increased with increasing concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor.
- the absorbance of ⁇ 97% was exhibited in the range of ultraviolet to visible light, and the absorbance of near infrared light was greatly increased as the concentration increased.
- the absorbance of the absorber significantly increased in the near infrared region.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of the concentration and plasma intensity on the nanoparticle size and covering strength The absorbance in the range of 250 to 2500 nm is shown. As the nanoparticle size is smaller and the surface nanoparticle ratio is higher, the absorbance increases. The lower the concentration of the nanoparticle precursor, the greater the intensity of the plasma had on the absorbance.
- the durability of the absorber of the present invention was measured by the absorbance of an absorber prepared at a plasma intensity of 100 mM precursor, 200 W. That is, the absorbent was washed with distilled water three times or more, and the absorbance at 250-2500 nm was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the absorbance of the absorbent after one month was almost unchanged compared to the absorbance of the absorbent immediately after preparation (see FIG. 12) . This shows that gold nanoparticles are very firmly attached to the absorber of the present invention.
- Example 4 Evaluation of efficiency as a solar-water vapor plasmonic absorber
- the inner wall of a 50 mL cup was coated with polystyrene foam.
- a cup coated with polystyrene foam was placed on a computer connected scale and a solar simulator was placed on top.
- a polystyrene foam (EPS) plate expanded to a size of 2 ⁇ 2 cm was put into a cup coated with a polystyrene foam on the inner wall, and a 2 ⁇ 4 cm white cellulose paper was placed in the middle of the EPS plate and both ends were folded inward So that it can be locked.
- I put the absorber on the paper I put the water inside the cup enough so that the water level was below the EPS plate and both ends of the paper were submerged in water.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a schematic view of the experimental apparatus, and b is a photograph.
- (1) represents steam generated by evaporation
- (2) represents the absorber of the present invention
- (3) represents cellulose paper
- (4) represents EPS plate
- (5) represents water.
- FIG. 9C shows that the temperature of the absorber increased to 68 DEG C, whereas the temperature of the absorber was 21 DEG C after 30 seconds of thermal analysis at 3 sun light intensity.
- Fig. 9E the temperature of the absorber is shown as a function of time.
- Fig. 9d shows that the water vapor was generated by evaporation at the surface of the absorber after 15 seconds at 3 sun light intensity.
- FIG. 9 (f) shows the accumulated evaporation amount of water with the lapse of time at 3 sun luminous intensity
- g in FIG. 9 shows the evaporation rate at 1 sun and 3 sun luminous intensity.
- the light-heat conversion efficiency (?) Of the absorber can be calculated by the following formula.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing a measured amount of water vapor produced by using the above apparatus for an absorber manufactured by varying the concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor and the plasma intensity in Whatman filter paper # 42.
- the concentration of the precursor was fixed to 100 mM.
- the concentration of the precursor was changed, the plasma intensity was fixed to 200 W.
- Table 3 below shows the light-to-heat conversion efficiency according to the manufacturing conditions of the absorber (gold nanoparticle precursor concentration and plasma intensity). As can be predicted from the absorbance in FIG. 8, as the plasma intensity increases and the concentration of the gold nanoparticle precursor increases, the steam generation amount and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency also increase in the same time in FIG. 10 and Table 3.
- the amount of water vapor was measured by changing the size and material of the cellulose paper in the apparatus.
- the absorber was prepared under conditions of # 42 Whatman filter paper, 100 mM gold nanoparticle precursor, and plasma intensity of 200W.
- the width of the cellulose paper was fixed to 4.5 mm and the material was # 40, # 41, or # 42.
- 11 is a graph showing the characteristics of Whatman filter paper used as cellulose paper and a graph showing the evaporation rate depending on the size and material of the cellulose paper.
- the flux of water through the cellulose paper is expected to be affected by the pore diameter and porosity of the paper, and # 41 has the highest flux.
- the evaporation rate of water rapidly increased from 10 to 15 minutes, but decreased again when the width was too small or the water flux was low.
- the reason for this is considered to be that the evaporation of water is smoothly performed in the initial stage since the measurement is started in a state in which the absorber is sufficiently wet, and then the amount of water supplied through the cellulose paper becomes lower than the evaporation amount of water and the water can not be sufficiently supplied to the absorber.
- the amount of water supplied through the cellulose paper is not less than the evaporation amount by the absorber, the equilibrium state is maintained without affecting the evaporation rate even if the width is further increased or the flux is further increased due to the characteristics of the material.
- Figure 12 shows the change in water evaporation rate over time and the internal figure is a graph showing the absorbance. In FIG. 12, it can be seen that there is no large change in the steam generation rate even during 100 days of continuous operation.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an analysis result of components of metal ions contained in water collected by seawater and a desalination apparatus, and a photograph of an absorber after 4.5 hours. As the water evaporates in the seawater, it can be seen that the salt precipitates in the absorber. From the upper graph, it can be seen that the content of metal ions in the evaporated water is lower than that of seawater by about 1/1000 to 1/10000, which is lower than the allowable level of drinking water. I could.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 다공성 친수성 고분자 기재에 플라즈모닉 금 나노입자가 고르게 분산되어 고정화된 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치용 플라즈모닉 흡수체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 친수성 고분자는 종이, 면, 셀룰로오스계 수지, 폴리아크릴로니트릴, 폴리비닐알콜, 폴리아미드, 폴리에테르설폰, 폴리에틸렌글리콜 및 친수성 폴리우레탄 중 하나 이상으로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치용 플라즈모닉 흡수체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 플라즈모닉 흡수체의 250~2500nm 영역의 흡광도는 80%이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치용 플라즈모닉 흡수체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금 나노입자의 평균 입경은 1~25 nm이며, 금 나노입자의 덮힘율은 30~70%인 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치용 플라즈모닉 흡수체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,(A) 친수성 고분자로 이루어진 다공성 기재를 준비하는 단계;(B) 상기 기재에 금 나노입자 전구체 용액을 흡수시켜 건조하는 단계; 및(C) 건조된 기판을 상압에서 플라즈마로 처리하는 단계;를 포함하여 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치용 플라즈모닉 흡수체.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 (B) 단계 또는 (B) 단계 및 (C) 단계를 2~5회 반복하는 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치용 플라즈모닉 흡수체.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 (C) 단계의 플라즈마 처리는 상기 기재의 상면과 하면을 각각 플라즈마로 처리하는 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치용 플라즈모닉 흡수체.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 7 항 중 어느 한 항에 의한 플라즈모닉 흡수체를 포함하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,물의 상부에 부유하는 단열층;상기 단열층의 상부에 위치하는 플라즈모닉 흡수체; 및상기 플라즈모닉 흡수체의 하면에 상면 전체가 접촉되어 있으며, 일부가 상기 단열층 하부의 물에 잠겨 있어 상기 플라즈모닉 흡수체에 지속적으로 물을 제공할 수 있는 다공성의 친수성 고분자층;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 다공성 친수성 고분자층에 의한 물의 공급속도는 상기 플라즈모닉 흡수체의 증발속도보다 작지 않은 것을 특징으로 하는 태양-수증기 생성 장치.
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