WO2019062402A1 - 物品溯源平台和方法及装置 - Google Patents

物品溯源平台和方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019062402A1
WO2019062402A1 PCT/CN2018/101948 CN2018101948W WO2019062402A1 WO 2019062402 A1 WO2019062402 A1 WO 2019062402A1 CN 2018101948 W CN2018101948 W CN 2018101948W WO 2019062402 A1 WO2019062402 A1 WO 2019062402A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
item
information
traceability
blockchain
circulation
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/101948
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Jingdong Century Trading Co Ltd
Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Jingdong Century Trading Co Ltd
Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Beijing Jingdong Century Trading Co Ltd, Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Jingdong Century Trading Co Ltd
Priority to US16/650,887 priority Critical patent/US20200226618A1/en
Publication of WO2019062402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019062402A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/018—Certifying business or products
    • G06Q30/0185—Product, service or business identity fraud
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/083—Shipping
    • G06Q10/0833—Tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/018—Certifying business or products
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G06Q30/0609—Qualifying participants for shopping transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G06Q30/0623—Electronic shopping [e-shopping] by investigating goods or services
    • G06Q30/0625—Electronic shopping [e-shopping] by investigating goods or services by formulating product or service queries, e.g. using keywords or predefined options
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
    • H04L9/0637—Modes of operation, e.g. cipher block chaining [CBC], electronic codebook [ECB] or Galois/counter mode [GCM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
    • H04L9/3239—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q2220/00—Business processing using cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/56—Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of information traceability, and in particular, to an item traceability platform and method and apparatus.
  • An item tends to circulate between multiple subjects. For example, an item from which it is produced to be sold may pass through a manufacturer, a seller, a shipping agency, and the like. Items will generate circulation information when they are in circulation, and some users or some businesses may have a need to trace these circulation information (ie, traceability requirements).
  • One technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is: the complete traceability of the circulation information of the article and the problem of unified traceability.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an item traceability platform, including: a plurality of block chain nodes, each block chain node corresponding to a body of an item circulation, and each block chain node is configured to:
  • the plurality of blockchain nodes use the blockchain synchronization technology to perform source code encoding and synchronization of the flow information.
  • the circulation information of the item includes attribute information formed when the item is created, the attribute information including basic attribute information and additional attribute information,
  • the basic attribute information is input to a blockchain node that creates the item
  • the additional attribute information is automatically generated by the blockchain node that created the item.
  • the circulation information of the item includes attribute information formed when the item is created, the attribute information is processed by a signature, the signature uses a creator's private key, and the creator is a creation office.
  • the circulation information of the item includes transaction information formed when the item is traded, the transaction information including basic transaction information and additional transaction information.
  • the basic transaction information is input to a blockchain node that sells the item
  • the additional transaction information is automatically generated by a blockchain node that sells the item.
  • the circulation information of the item includes transaction information formed when the item is traded, the transaction information is signed, the signature uses the seller's private key, and the seller is the seller.
  • the item after the item is circulated in a transaction, it is moved from the item information owned by the seller to the item information owned by the buyer, and the traceable code of the item is copied to the seller's sold item information. To achieve synchronization between the seller and the buyer.
  • each blockchain node is further configured to provide a traceability interface through which the traceability code of the item to be traced can be input to query the circulation information under the traceability code of the item to be traced.
  • each blockchain node is a federated chain node, the body comprising a manufacturer, a brand, a trader, a testing agency, a shipping agency, or a regulatory agency.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an item traceability method based on an item traceability platform, including: inputting a traceable source code of an item to be traced through an item traceability platform; and querying the trace source from the item traceability platform according to the traceability code The circulation information of the item.
  • the item circulation information to any item of the block chain node of the item traceability platform is recorded under the trace code of the item
  • the plurality of blockchain nodes of the item traceability platform use the blockchain synchronization technology to synchronize the source code and the circulation information of the articles.
  • the circulation information of the item includes attribute information formed when the item is created, the attribute information including basic attribute information and additional attribute information,
  • the basic attribute information is input to a blockchain node that creates the item
  • the additional attribute information is automatically generated by the blockchain node that created the item.
  • the circulation information of the item includes attribute information formed when the item is created, the attribute information is processed by a signature, the signature uses a creator's private key, and the creator is a creation office.
  • the circulation information of the item includes transaction information formed when the item is traded, the transaction information including basic transaction information and additional transaction information.
  • the basic transaction information is input to a blockchain node that sells the item
  • the additional transaction information is automatically generated by a blockchain node that sells the item.
  • the circulation information of the item includes transaction information formed when the item is traded, the transaction information is signed, the signature uses the seller's private key, and the seller is the seller.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an item traceability device, including: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to perform the foregoing based on an instruction stored in the memory Item traceability method.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the foregoing item traceability method.
  • each block chain node By deploying blockchain nodes in each body of the article circulation, each block chain node has the function of recording the circulation information of the article to the traceable code of the article for the articles flowing to the block chain node, and multiple blocks.
  • the chain node uses the blockchain synchronization technology to synchronize the source code and the circulation information of the article, so that the complete and unified circulation information of the article can be obtained from any blockchain node query, thereby realizing the complete traceability and unified traceability of the article circulation information. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of an item traceability platform of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of functional blocks of a blockchain node of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of some embodiments of the material traceability device of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of some embodiments of an item traceability method based on an item traceability platform of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of still another embodiment of an item traceability method based on an item traceability platform of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure is proposed for the complete traceability and unified traceability of the circulation information of articles existing in the related art, and the trust crisis when the circulation information of the articles is traced back.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of an item traceability platform of the present disclosure.
  • the item traceability platform 100 includes a plurality of block chain nodes 100-1, 100-2, ..., 100-n, and each block chain node corresponds to a body in which articles are circulated.
  • These bodies include, for example, manufacturers, brands, traders, inspection agencies, transportation agencies, regulatory agencies, etc., but are not limited to the examples.
  • the blockchain nodes 100-1, 100-2, ..., 100-n are configured to assign a unique traceability code to the items created at the blockchain node, for items that circulate to the blockchain node Its circulation information is recorded under the traceability code of the item.
  • Multiple blockchain nodes use blockchain synchronization technology to synchronize the source code of the item and the circulation information.
  • the traceability code is unique in the item traceability platform 100 and cannot be changed as soon as it is generated.
  • Each traceable code represents an item of the real world, which may be a combination of one or more of numbers, letters, symbols.
  • the complete and unified circulation information of the articles can be obtained by querying from any blockchain node through traceability coding, and the complete traceability and unified traceability of the article circulation information can be realized. And, based on the security of the blockchain and tamper-proof features, a trusted source traceability platform is implemented.
  • the circulation of goods mainly includes two parts: item creation and transaction flow.
  • item creation link usually corresponds to the production of the item.
  • the circulation information of the item includes attribute information formed when the item is created and transaction information formed when the item is traded.
  • the blockchain node can provide an entry interface for newly created item attribute information, provide a supplementary function for newly created item attribute information, and a storage function of the item attribute information, and can also sign the item attribute information.
  • the function module of the blockchain node 200 shown in FIG. 2 is specifically described below, and the working process of the blockchain node in the item creation link is specifically described.
  • the item module 210 is created, which can provide an entry interface for newly created item attribute information, so that the user (for example, a manufacturer) enters attribute data of the newly created item, such as the item name and the item identifier, through the entry interface (for the creator, The only basic information such as the item type, date of manufacture, etc.
  • the item data pre-processing module 220 first supplements the newly created item attribute information submitted by the created item module 210, and the supplementary attribute data includes, for example, the creator, the creation time stamp, the current owner of the item, the traceability code, and the like. Among them, the creator and traceability code must be completed, the timestamp is created, and the current owner of the item can choose, but usually the situation needs to be completed. Additional attribute information can be automatically generated. Since the user often needs to log in to the blockchain node system before entering the information, the login user can be extracted as the creator. Traceability coding can be automatically generated by traceable code production logic. Traceability codes are unique throughout the item traceability platform and cannot be changed. The initial value of the item's current owner is the creator.
  • the asset attribute information is then signed by the tracer code production logic using the creator's private key, and the signature data is populated into the creator signature attribute.
  • the creator is the entity corresponding to the blockchain node that created the item. The creator can't deny the signature, which improves the trust problem when the item circulation information is traced back. At this point, the data preprocessing is completed.
  • the item data storage module 230 stores the item attribute information processed by the item data pre-processing module 220 for persistent storage, and can be processed by the user item module 240 after the storage is successful.
  • My Items refers to items owned by entities in the relevant blockchain nodes.
  • the item is created and the user can trade the item.
  • the item information stored by the item data storage module 230 for the newly created item is as follows:
  • the key value storage method can be used in "My Items", the key (K) stores the trace source code, and the value (V) is stored as follows:
  • Identity identification the unique identifier of the item
  • the blockchain node can provide the transaction interface of the item, process the transaction, record the item transaction information, and sign the item transaction information.
  • the function module of the blockchain node 200 shown in FIG. 2 is specifically described below, and the working process of the blockchain node in the article transaction flow link is specifically described.
  • the item transaction module 250 provides a transaction interface for the item, and the owner of the item through the transaction interface can trade the item to another person.
  • the two sides of the transaction are called the seller and the buyer, that is, the seller of the item can pass the transaction.
  • the interface trades its own items to the buyer.
  • the seller selects the traceable code of the item to be traded, then selects the purchaser, and finally submits the transaction request to the item transaction processing module 260, which typically includes the source code of the transaction item, the seller, the purchaser, and the like.
  • Basic transaction information such as traceable code and purchaser is usually entered by the seller into the corresponding blockchain node of the seller.
  • Additional transaction information such as sellers, time of sale, etc. can be automatically generated by the blockchain node that sells the item. For example, users logging into the blockchain node system can be extracted as seller information without user input.
  • the item transaction processing module 260 can move the transaction item from the seller's "My Item” to the purchaser's "My Item” according to the traceable code of the transaction item, the seller, the purchaser, and then the transaction item.
  • the traceability code copies a copy of the seller's "sold items” to synchronize the information between the seller and the buyer. "Items sold” can store the same item multiple times.
  • the item transaction information (the trace code of the transaction item, the seller, the purchaser, the transaction time, etc.) is then signed using the seller's private key and the signature data is recorded in the transaction data signature attribute. The seller cannot deny the signature, thereby improving the trust problem when the item circulation information is traced back.
  • the item data storage module 230 is called.
  • the item data storage module 230 stores the item transaction information of the successful transaction into the transaction information list of the item. At the same time, modify the current owner of the item as the purchaser.
  • the item information stored by the item data storage module 230 for the transaction success item is as follows:
  • the key value storage method can be adopted in the "sold items", the key (K) stores the trace source code, and the value (V) is stored as follows:
  • JD.COM company records "trace source code", "item information” and the first transaction record
  • YH001 record produces the second transaction record
  • all the participants JD.COM, YH001 and YH002 can get the completed item JDtabJ01 Complete circulation records, including creation of records and full transaction records.
  • the blockchain node 200 can also be provided with an item traceability module 270, which can provide a traceability interface, and can input the traceability code of the item to be traced through the traceability interface, and query the trace code of the item in the item data storage module 230. All circulation information, including all creation records and transaction records.
  • the above-mentioned item traceability platform is based on decentralized, tamper-proof, and trusted blockchain technology, and can be introduced into the supervision and maintenance of the circulation data of enterprises, such as enterprises, governments, regulatory agencies, and consumers.
  • enterprises such as enterprises, governments, regulatory agencies, and consumers.
  • Each subject will record and sign the circulation data of the item, and the blockchain node corresponding to the body automatically synchronizes the circulation data to other blockchain nodes, so that each body has the circulation data and the content is the same. It is impossible for a subject to tamper with it. Therefore, the traceability data generated by multiple parties is more convincing and more credible than the traceability data only from a certain enterprise.
  • the traceability scheme of the present disclosure can be applied to the commodity traceability business.
  • the blockchain of the traceability platform can be implemented based on the alliance chain.
  • the main body of the alliance chain is composed of, for example, a brand manufacturer, a manufacturer, a trader, a testing institution, a transportation agency, a regulatory agency, etc., each of which corresponds to a coalition chain node.
  • enterprise users can track the sales flow of the articles produced by the enterprise, and the real supply chain big data of the articles in the traceability platform can help the enterprise analyze the real information such as the sales channels of the articles and the purchase crowd, for the future precision.
  • Marketing provides data support. If there is a quality problem with the item, the company or the regulatory department can quickly find the user to which the problem item belongs by using the data of the traceable platform, reducing labor costs. Consumers can learn all the production information, transaction information, sales channels, etc. of the goods when purchasing the goods. These information are true, transparent and credible, and provide strong support for the purchasing decisions of consumers.
  • the apparatus 300 of this embodiment includes a memory 310 and a processor 320 coupled to the memory 310, the processor 320 being configured to perform any of the following embodiments based on instructions stored in the memory 310. Item traceability method.
  • Memory 310 can include, for example, system memory, fixed non-volatile storage media, and the like.
  • the system memory stores, for example, an operating system, an application, a boot loader, and other programs.
  • Device 300 may also include an input and output interface 330, a network interface 340, a storage interface 350, and the like. These interfaces 330, 340, 350 and the memory 310 and the processor 320 can be connected, for example, via a bus 360.
  • the input/output interface 330 provides a connection interface for input and output devices such as a display, a mouse, a keyboard, and a touch screen.
  • Network interface 340 provides a connection interface for various networked devices.
  • the storage interface 350 provides a connection interface for an external storage device such as an SD card or a USB flash drive.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of some embodiments of an item traceability method based on an item traceability platform of the present disclosure.
  • the item traceability method of this embodiment includes steps 410-420.
  • the traceability code of the item to be traced is entered through the item traceability platform.
  • the source code of the item to be traced is input through any blockchain node of the item traceability platform.
  • the circulation information of the item to be traced is inquired from the item traceability platform according to the traceability code.
  • the complete and unified circulation information of the articles can be obtained, thereby realizing the complete traceability and unified traceability of the article circulation information.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of still another embodiment of an item traceability method based on an item traceability platform of the present disclosure.
  • the item traceability method of this embodiment may include steps 530-540, in addition to steps 410-420.
  • the item's circulation information is recorded for the item's source code for any item that is distributed to any of the blockchain nodes of the item traceability platform.
  • the plurality of blockchain nodes of the item traceability platform utilize the blockchain synchronization technique to synchronize the source code encoding and the flow information.
  • the circulation information of the item includes attribute information formed when the item is created, the attribute information includes basic attribute information and additional attribute information, and the basic attribute information is input to the blockchain node of the created item, and the additional attribute information is The blockchain node that created the item is automatically generated.
  • the circulation information of the item includes transaction information formed when the item is traded, the transaction information includes basic transaction information and additional transaction information, and the basic transaction information is input to the blockchain node of the sold item, and the additional transaction information is The blockchain node that sells the item is automatically generated.
  • the information automatically generated by the blockchain node is not easily modified by the related entity, so that the credibility can be improved to a certain extent.
  • the attribute information is signed, the signature uses the creator's private key, and the creator is the entity corresponding to the blockchain node that created the item.
  • the transaction information is signed, the signature uses the seller's private key, and the seller is the entity corresponding to the blockchain node that sold the item.
  • the circulation information of the goods can be signed by the private key of the circulation subject, and the circulation subject can not deny the signature, thereby improving the trust problem when the circulation information of the goods is traced.
  • the present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the item traceability method of any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable non-transitory storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code. .
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

一种物品溯源平台和方法及装置，涉及信息追溯领域。其中，物品溯源平台包括：多个区块链节点，每个区块链节点对应物品流通的一个主体，每个区块链节点，被配置为对于流通到本区块链节点的物品将其流通信息记录到该物品的溯源编码下，多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码和流通信息的同步。使得从任意一个区块链节点查询均能获得物品完整和统一的流通信息，实现物品流通信息的完整溯源和统一溯源。

Description

物品溯源平台和方法及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以CN申请号为201710902097.9，申请日为2017年09月29日的申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及信息追溯领域，特别涉及一种物品溯源平台和方法及装置。
背景技术
一个物品往往会在多个主体之间流通。例如，一个物品从其产生到被销售，可能会经过生产商、销售商、运输机构等主体。物品在流通时会产生流通信息，而有些用户或者有些业务可能有追溯这些流通信息的需求(即，溯源的需求)。
发明内容
发明人发现，物品流通的多个主体之间流通信息难以互通，很难对物品各个生命周期的流通信息进行完整溯源和统一溯源。
本公开要解决的一个技术问题是：物品流通信息的完整溯源和统一溯源问题。
本公开的一些实施例提出了一种物品溯源平台，包括：多个区块链节点，每个区块链节点对应物品流通的一个主体，每个区块链节点被配置为：
对于流通到本区块链节点的物品将所述物品的流通信息记录到所述物品的溯源编码下，
其中，所述多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码和流通信息的同步。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，所述属性信息包括基本属性信息和附加属性信息，
所述基本属性信息是被输入到创建所述物品的区块链节点的，
所述附加属性信息是创建所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，所述属性信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是创建者的私钥，所述创建者是创建所述物 品的区块链节点对应的实体。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所述交易信息包括基本交易信息和附加交易信息，
所述基本交易信息是被输入到出售所述物品的区块链节点的，
所述附加交易信息是出售所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所述交易信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是出售者的私钥，所述出售者是出售所述物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
在一些实施例中，所述物品以交易方式流通后，从出售者拥有的物品信息中移动到购买者拥有的物品信息中，且所述物品的溯源编码被复制到出售者的已售物品信息中，从而实现出售者与购买者间的同步。
在一些实施例中，每个区块链节点还被配置为：提供溯源接口，通过溯源接口能够输入欲溯源物品的溯源编码，以便查询到欲溯源物品的溯源编码下的流通信息。
在一些实施例中，每个区块链节点为联盟链节点，所述主体包括生产商、品牌商、贸易商、检测机构、运输机构、或者监管机构。
本公开的一些实施例还提供了一种基于物品溯源平台的物品溯源方法，包括：通过物品溯源平台输入欲溯源物品的溯源编码；根据所述溯源编码从所述物品溯源平台查询所述欲溯源物品的流通信息。
在一些实施例中，对于流通到所述物品溯源平台的任一区块链节点的物品将所述物品的流通信息记录到所述物品的溯源编码下，
所述物品溯源平台的多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码和流通信息的同步。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，所述属性信息包括基本属性信息和附加属性信息，
所述基本属性信息是被输入到创建所述物品的区块链节点的，
所述附加属性信息是创建所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，所述属性信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是创建者的私钥，所述创建者是创建所述物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所 述交易信息包括基本交易信息和附加交易信息，
所述基本交易信息是被输入到出售所述物品的区块链节点的，
所述附加交易信息是出售所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
在一些实施例中，所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所述交易信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是出售者的私钥，所述出售者是出售所述物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
本公开的一些实施例还提供了一种物品溯源装置，包括：存储器；以及耦接至所述存储器的处理器，所述处理器被配置为基于存储在所述存储器中的指令，执行前述的物品溯源方法。
本公开的一些实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现前述的物品溯源方法的步骤。
通过在物品流通的各个主体分别部署区块链节点，每个区块链节点具备对于流通到本区块链节点的物品将物品的流通信息记录到物品的溯源编码下的功能，多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码和流通信息的同步，使得从任意一个区块链节点查询均能获得物品完整和统一的流通信息，从而实现物品流通信息的完整溯源和统一溯源。
通过以下参照附图对本公开的示例性实施例的详细描述，本公开的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本公开物品溯源平台一些实施例的示意图。
图2为本公开区块链节点的功能模块示意图。
图3为本公开物品溯源装置一些实施例的结构示意图。
图4为本公开基于物品溯源平台的物品溯源方法的一些实施例的流程示意图。
图5为本公开基于物品溯源平台的物品溯源方法的另一些实施例的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
针对相关技术中存在的物品流通信息的完整溯源和统一溯源问题，以及，物品流通信息被追溯时的信任危机，提出本公开。
图1为本公开物品溯源平台一些实施例的示意图。
如图1所示，物品溯源平台100包括：若干区块链节点100-1，100-2，...，100-n，每个区块链节点对应物品流通的一个主体。这些主体例如包括生产商、品牌商、贸易商、检测机构、运输机构、监管机构等，但不限于所举示例。
区块链节点100-1，100-2，...，100-n，被配置为对于在本区块链节点创建的物品分配唯一的溯源编码，对于流通到本区块链节点的物品将其流通信息记录到该物品的溯源编码下。多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码及其流通信息的同步。
溯源编码在物品溯源平台100具有唯一性，并且一经产生便不可更改。每个溯源编码代表真实世界的一个物品，其可以是数字、字母、符号的一种或者多种的组合。
从而，通过溯源编码从任意一个区块链节点查询均能获得物品完整和统一的流通信息，实现物品流通信息的完整溯源和统一溯源。并且，基于区块链的安全和防篡改等特性实现可信任的物品溯源平台。
物品的流通环节主要包括物品创建和交易流转两个环节。当然，一个物品可能会经历多次交易流转。物品创建环节通常对应物品生产环节。物品的流通信息包括物品创建时形成的属性信息和物品交易时形成的交易信息。下面结合图2所示的区块链节点200的功能模块，从物品创建和交易流转这两个环节分别描述区块链节点的工作过程。
物品创建环节
在物品创建环节，区块链节点能够提供新创建物品属性信息的录入接口，提供新创建物品属性信息的补充功能，以及物品属性信息的存储功能，还能对物品属性信息进行签名。
下面结合图2所示的区块链节点200的功能模块，具体说明区块链节点在物品创建环节的工作过程。
首先，创建物品模块210，能够提供新创建物品属性信息的录入接口，使得用户(例如生产商)通过录入接口，录入新创建物品的属性数据，例如物品名称、物品标识(对于创建者来说是唯一的即可)、物品型号、生产日期等基本属性信息。
接着，物品数据预处理模块220，先对创建物品模块210提交的新创建物品属性信息进行补充，补充的属性数据例如包括创建者、创建时间戳、物品当前所属人、溯源编码等 附加属性信息。其中，创建者和溯源编码必须补全，创建时间戳、物品当前所属人可以选择，但通常情况也需要补全。附加属性信息可以是自动生成的。由于用户录入信息之前往往需要先登录区块链节点系统，因此，可以将登录用户提取为创建者。溯源编码可以由溯源编码生产逻辑自动生成，在整个物品溯源平台，溯源编码都是唯一的，并且不可更改。物品当前所属人的初始值是创建者，随着物品被交易流通，其值随之变化，每次交易后会被修改为购买者。然后，由溯源编码生产逻辑利用创建者的私钥对物品属性信息进行签名，签名数据填充到创建者签名属性中。创建者是创建该物品的区块链节点对应的实体。创建者对签名无法否认，从而改善物品流通信息被追溯时的信任问题。至此数据预处理完成。
接着，物品数据存储模块230，将物品数据预处理模块220处理过的物品属性信息进行持久化存储，存储成功后可以调用用户物品模块240处理。
最后，用户物品模块240，将新创建物品的溯源编码存储至“我的物品”中。“我的物品”是指相关区块链节点的实体拥有的物品。
至此，物品创建完成，用户可以对该物品进行交易。
物品数据存储模块230对于新创建物品存储的物品信息如下：
Figure PCTCN2018101948-appb-000001
在“我的物品”中可以采用键值存储方式，键(K)存储的是溯源编码，值(V)的存 储内容如下：
{
“溯源编码”：溯源编码，
“物品名称”：物品名称，
“物品标识”：物品唯一标识，
“物品型号”：物品型号，
“生产日期”：生产日期，
“时间戳”：时间戳
}
物品交易流转环节
在物品交易流转环节，区块链节点能够提供物品的交易接口，对交易进行处理，记录物品交易信息，对物品交易信息进行签名。
下面结合图2所示的区块链节点200的功能模块，具体说明区块链节点在物品交易流转环节的工作过程。
首先，物品交易模块250，提供物品的交易接口，通过交易接口物品的所属人可以将自己的物品交易给其他人，交易的双方称为出售者和购买者，即，物品的出售者可以通过交易接口将自己的物品交易给购买者。在交易时，出售者选择要交易物品的溯源编码，然后选择购买者，最后提交交易请求至物品交易处理模块260，交易请求通常包括交易物品的溯源编码、出售者、购买者等信息。溯源编码和购买者等基本交易信息通常由出售者输入到出售者相应的区块链节点。出售者、出售时间等附加交易信息可以由出售物品的区块链节点自动生成。例如，可以将登录区块链节点系统的用户提取为出售者信息，无需用户输入。
接着，物品交易处理模块260，可以根据交易物品的溯源编码、出售者、购买者，将交易物品从出售者的“我的物品”中移动到购买者的“我的物品”中，然后将交易物品的溯源编码复制一份到出售者的“已售物品”中，从而实现出售者与购买者间的信息同步。“已售物品”可以多次存储同一个物品。然后，利用出售者的私钥对物品交易信息(交易物品的溯源编码、出售者、购买者、交易时间等)进行签名，并将签名数据记录到交易数据签名属性中。出售者对签名无法否认，从而改善物品流通信息被追溯时的信任问题。最后调用物品数据存储模块230。
最后，物品数据存储模块230，将交易成功的物品交易信息存储至该物品的交易信息 列表中。同时修改物品当前所属人为购买者。
至此，物品的交易处理完成。
物品数据存储模块230对于交易成功物品存储的物品信息如下：
Figure PCTCN2018101948-appb-000002
在“已售物品”中可以采用键值存储方式，键(K)存储的是溯源编码，值(V)的存储内容如下：
Figure PCTCN2018101948-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018101948-appb-000004
例如，对于名称为“JDtabJ01”的物品，由JD.COM公司生产，并出售给YH001，然后YH001又出售给YH002，则物品溯源平台记录的该物品完整的流通信息如下：
Figure PCTCN2018101948-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018101948-appb-000006
JD.COM公司记录产生“溯源编码”、“物品信息”以及第一条交易记录，YH001记录产生第二条交易记录，而全部的参与主体JD.COM、YH001和YH002均可以获得完成物品JDtabJ01的完整流通记录，包括创建记录和全部的交易记录。
为了实现溯源功能，区块链节点200还可以设置物品溯源模块270，能够提供溯源接口，通过溯源接口能够输入欲溯源物品的溯源编码，在物品数据存储模块230中查询到该物品的溯源编码下所有流通信息，包括所有的创建记录和交易记录。
上述物品溯源平台基于去中心化、防篡改、可信任的区块链技术搭建，可引入企业、政府、监管机构、消费者等多方主体共同参与物品流通数据的监督与维护，当物品进行流通时，每个主体都会对该物品进行流通数据记录并签名，该主体对应的区块链节点自动将这些流通数据同步至其他区块链节点，使得每个主体都有这些流通数据并且内容相同。某一个主体想篡改是不行的。因此由多方产生的溯源数据相比较溯源数据只来源于某一个企 业来说，更能令消费者信服，更具公信力。
本公开的溯源方案可以应用于商品溯源业务。在商品溯源业务中，溯源平台的区块链可以基于联盟链实现。联盟链的主体例如由品牌商、生产商、贸易商、检测机构、运输机构、监管机构等组成，其中的每个主体对应一个联盟链节点。
应用本公开的溯源方案，企业用户可以追踪本企业生产的物品的销售流向，溯源平台中物品的真实供应链大数据可以帮助企业分析其物品的销售渠道、购买人群等真实信息，为以后的精准营销提供数据支持。如果物品出现质量问题，企业或者监管部门可以通过溯源平台的数据快速找到问题物品当前所属的用户，减少人力成本。消费者用户在购买物品时可以了解到物品的所有生产信息、交易信息、销售渠道等，这些信息真实、透明、可信，为消费者用户的购买决策提供了有力支撑。
图3为本公开物品溯源装置的一些实施例的结构示意图。如图3所示，该实施例的装置300包括：存储器310以及耦接至该存储器310的处理器320，处理器320被配置为基于存储在存储器310中的指令，执行如下任意一些实施例中的物品溯源方法。
存储器310例如可以包括系统存储器、固定非易失性存储介质等。系统存储器例如存储有操作系统、应用程序、引导装载程序(Boot Loader)以及其他程序等。
装置300还可以包括输入输出接口330、网络接口340、存储接口350等。这些接口330，340，350以及存储器310和处理器320之间例如可以通过总线360连接。其中，输入输出接口330为显示器、鼠标、键盘、触摸屏等输入输出设备提供连接接口。网络接口340为各种联网设备提供连接接口。存储接口350为SD卡、U盘等外置存储设备提供连接接口。
图4为本公开基于物品溯源平台的物品溯源方法的一些实施例的流程示意图。
如图4所示，该实施例的物品溯源方法包括：步骤410-420。
在步骤410，通过物品溯源平台输入欲溯源物品的溯源编码。
例如，通过物品溯源平台的任意一个区块链节点输入欲溯源物品的溯源编码。
在步骤420，根据溯源编码从物品溯源平台查询欲溯源物品的流通信息。
例如，根据溯源编码从物品溯源平台的任意一个区块链节点查询欲溯源物品的流通信息。
通过物品溯源平台的任意一个区块链节点查询，均能获得物品完整和统一的流通信息，从而实现物品流通信息的完整溯源和统一溯源。
图5为本公开基于物品溯源平台的物品溯源方法的另一些实施例的流程示意图。
如图5所示，该实施例的物品溯源方法除了包括步骤410-420，可选地，还可以包括步骤530～540。
在步骤530，对于流通到物品溯源平台的任一区块链节点的物品将该物品的流通信息记录到该物品的溯源编码下。
在步骤540，物品溯源平台的多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码和流通信息的同步。
在一些实施例中，物品的流通信息包括物品创建时形成的属性信息，属性信息包括基本属性信息和附加属性信息，基本属性信息是被输入到创建物品的区块链节点的，附加属性信息是创建物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
在一些实施例中，物品的流通信息包括物品交易时形成的交易信息，交易信息包括基本交易信息和附加交易信息，基本交易信息是被输入到出售物品的区块链节点的，附加交易信息是出售物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
区块链节点自动生成的信息不容易被相关实体修改，从而在一定程度上可以提高可信性。
在一些实施例中，属性信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是创建者的私钥，创建者是创建物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
在一些实施例中，交易信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是出售者的私钥，出售者是出售物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
在物品流通的每个环节，能够利用流通主体的私钥对物品流通信息进行签名，流通主体对签名无法否认，从而改善物品流通信息被追溯时的信任问题。
本公开还提出一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现前述任意一些实施例中的物品溯源方法的步骤。
本领域内的技术人员应当明白，本公开的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本公开可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本公开可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用非瞬时性存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本公开是参照根据本公开实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解为可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可 提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种物品溯源平台，包括：
    多个区块链节点，每个区块链节点对应物品流通的一个主体，每个区块链节点被配置为：
    对于流通到本区块链节点的物品将所述物品的流通信息记录到所述物品的溯源编码下，
    其中，所述多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码和流通信息的同步。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的物品溯源平台，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，所述属性信息包括基本属性信息和附加属性信息，
    所述基本属性信息是被输入到创建所述物品的区块链节点的，
    所述附加属性信息是创建所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的物品溯源平台，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，所述属性信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是创建者的私钥，所述创建者是创建所述物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的物品溯源平台，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所述交易信息包括基本交易信息和附加交易信息，
    所述基本交易信息是被输入到出售所述物品的区块链节点的，
    所述附加交易信息是出售所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的物品溯源平台，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所述交易信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是出售者的私钥，所述出售者是出售所述物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的物品溯源平台，其中，
    所述物品以交易方式流通后，从出售者拥有的物品信息中移动到购买者拥有的物 品信息中，且所述物品的溯源编码被复制到出售者的已售物品信息中，从而实现出售者与购买者间的同步。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的物品溯源平台，其中，
    每个区块链节点还被配置为：提供溯源接口，通过溯源接口能够输入欲溯源物品的溯源编码，以便查询到欲溯源物品的溯源编码下的流通信息。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的物品溯源平台，其中，
    每个区块链节点为联盟链节点，所述主体包括生产商、品牌商、贸易商、检测机构、运输机构、或者监管机构。
  9. 一种基于权利要求1-8任一项所述的物品溯源平台的物品溯源方法，包括：
    通过物品溯源平台输入欲溯源物品的溯源编码；
    根据所述溯源编码从所述物品溯源平台查询所述欲溯源物品的流通信息。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的物品溯源方法，还包括：
    对于流通到所述物品溯源平台的任一区块链节点的物品将所述物品的流通信息记录到所述物品的溯源编码下，
    所述物品溯源平台的多个区块链节点利用区块链同步技术进行物品的溯源编码和流通信息的同步。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的物品溯源方法，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，，所述属性信息包括基本属性信息和附加属性信息，
    所述基本属性信息是被输入到创建所述物品的区块链节点的，
    所述附加属性信息是创建所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的物品溯源方法，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品创建时形成的属性信息，所述属性信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是创建者的私钥，所述创建者是创建所述物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的物品溯源方法，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所述交易信息包括基本交易信息和附加交易信息，
    所述基本交易信息是被输入到出售所述物品的区块链节点的，
    所述附加交易信息是出售所述物品的区块链节点自动生成的。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的物品溯源方法，其中，
    所述物品的流通信息包括所述物品交易时形成的交易信息，所述交易信息是经过签名处理的，签名使用的是出售者的私钥，所述出售者是出售所述物品的区块链节点对应的实体。
  15. 一种物品溯源装置，包括：
    存储器；以及
    耦接至所述存储器的处理器，所述处理器被配置为基于存储在所述存储器中的指令，执行如权利要求9-14中任一项所述的物品溯源方法。
  16. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求9-14任一项所述的物品溯源方法的步骤。
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