WO2019060933A1

WO2019060933A1 - Spokeless and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driveable propellers

Info

Publication number: WO2019060933A1
Application number: PCT/AT2018/000076
Authority: WO
Inventors: Werner Holzer
Original assignee: Werner Holzer
Priority date: 2017-09-28
Filing date: 2018-09-19
Publication date: 2019-04-04
Also published as: AT520463A1; AT520463B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a spokeless and hubless wheel (52) inside which at least one electrically driveable propeller (44) is integrated in such a way that the risks associated with propeller rotation are kept as low as possible. The wheel (52) can be designed such that it can be electrically driven or mechanically braked, or both together, or neither electrically driveable nor mechanically braked. The invention also relates to the use of such a spokeless and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driveable propellers in connection with manned and unmanned objects that can travel particularly - but not exclusively - both on land and in the air by means of the control system and energy provided thereby via a supply line (54) for driving the propeller (44) - and optionally also the wheel (52).

Description

Spoke and hubless wheel with integrated

electrically driven propellers

Technical area

The invention relates to a spoke and hubless wheel, inside which at least one electric

integrated propeller, and its use for manned and unmanned vehicles, in particular - but not exclusively - on land and in the air.

State of the art

In recent years there has been an ever-increasing trend in both unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones), with developments in the military sector, in the commercial sector (eg for the transport of small loads) and also in the Leisure area (eg as a toy) took place, as well as in the field of manned personal

Aircraft (Personal Aerial Vehicles, PAVs for short), e.g. by the desire to create flying taxis or to avoid traffic congestion.

The propulsion of such PAVs and UAVs currently takes place almost exclusively by propellers, which generate by their rotation the buoyancy required for the ability to fly, which in PAVs due to the

transporting mass (at least one person)

must be large enough to actually fly. By a tendency for energy efficiency reasons to keep the drive power of these vehicles as low as possible, it is purely physically necessary for the lift to produce either an air flow with a relatively large cross-section, which but a correspondingly large propeller area is required, which can be designed as a single propeller (such eg in WO2013070061), or can be distributed to a larger number of smaller propellers (such as in AU2012283923 or WO2013124300), or to attach wings that provide additional buoyancy.

However, the latter measure complicates the use of such PAVs due to the consequent need for suitable runways (such as required in WO2012012752 or WO2016057004) and by the former measure, such PAVs are significantly larger in at least one room dimension than personal land vehicles, especially automobiles ( see eg DE102015207445 or WO2017133302). However, this size makes PAVs incompatible with, or very poorly compliant with, already existing on-highway transport infrastructure (e.g., road widths, parking lot sizes, and garage access heights); For

such PAVs would require the use of additional infrastructure (e.g., aerodromes) and / or would require the existing land vehicle infrastructure

be suitably rebuilt and / or it would have created entirely new infrastructure.

All of these options counteract the acceptance of such vehicles. In order to increase the acceptance of PAVs, it would be advantageous if only the already existing worldwide infrastructure for land vehicles would be sufficient for their use. This at least, in order to be able to take off and land there with PAVs, to be able to park them there and to be able to supply them there with the energy consumed during operation.

However, in order to be able to use the existing land vehicle infrastructure sufficiently, it would be necessary for the dimensions of the PAVs to be substantially the same

Dimensions of currently common land vehicles - especially automobiles - correspond, so they therefore have a drive whose performance allows a correspondingly small size of these PAVs.

In addition, it would be beneficial if PAVs could also travel ashore. Ideally, to the same extent as conventional land vehicles - especially

Automobiles - currently available too.

This possibility of movement requires a suitable land propulsion, which could be realized by wheels.

Corresponding vehicles are already in

Development (see the patent specifications WH-Pl-I-2017 and WH-P2-I-2017, by the same inventor as the present patent set out and on 15.6.2018 with the

Patent numbers PCT / AT2018 / 000057 and PCT / AT2018 / 000056 filed for a patent), would be particularly advantageous, however, if additional wheels could be generated by the attached wheels. This is achieved with the here presented invention of a spoke and hubless wheel (known in principle for example from US 19660596149), in which at least one electrically driven propeller is integrated, wherein in the sense of the two aforementioned patents WH-Pl-I-2017 and WH-P2 This integration takes place in such a way that the risks posed by the propeller rotation are kept as low as possible. This

concerns in particular the risk of injuries and damage to living beings and objects, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the propellers, as well as the risk of damage to the propellers

itself, especially by flying creatures (eg birds).

Object of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a safe as possible for their immediate environment possibility to realize manned and unmanned vehicles

can, in particular - but not

can only move - on land and in the air and because of their size with the already

existing infrastructure for land vehicles are compatible.

This is accomplished by providing a spoked and hubless wheel having at least one propeller integrated therein, with the propellers within the wheel being positioned radially about the wheel

Raddrehachse are completely surrounded.

In terms of sustainability, the invention should also be designed so that it is as independent as possible of future developments in the field of energy supply.

This is achieved by the in the set forth

The invention includes propellers, as well as the wheels, if they are designed in drivable form, are electrically driven and therefore the invention with virtually any primary energy source (for example, fossil

Fuels, solar, hydrogen or

Batteries / Capacitors / condensers) - if necessary, including a suitable energy converter (eg internal combustion engine with generator, solar cell or fuel cell) - can be used. Description of the invention

Preliminary remarks

Before going into the detailed description of the claimed invention is held that all the necessary components should always be designed so stable that thereby the purpose of the invention both of the component itself, as well as their interaction with others required

Components, can be guaranteed.

Furthermore, it should be mentioned that with an external object, any thing is meant that is not the

claimed invention.

The invention of a spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrical set forth here

drivable propellers is in principle feasible in numerous technical variants. This is due to factors such as e.g. the desired

Propeller performance, the size to be achieved and whether the wheel only co-rotating or drivable and / or

should be braked.

Furthermore, the concrete shaping is at least influenced by fluidic optimization and also demands on e.g. Vibration insulation,

Noise emission and special propeller protection measures may require changes in the actual design of the invention.

To take account of this circumstance is therefore

specifically mentioned that, in full

Fulfillment of the character of the claimed invention in a spoke and hubless wheel and several electrically driven propeller can be integrated, these

o can be arranged axially offset on the same propeller axis of rotation,

o may have different shape and / or size

(e.g., width, pitch of the rotor blade) and each having a different number of rotor blades, o may be independently rotatable,

in particular in different directions and / or at different speeds (for example to compensate for the rotational moment),

as a single row equipped with rotor blades

shown propellers may also be equipped multi-row, the number and shape of the rotor blades may be different depending on the rotor blade row (for example, to achieve a compression),

the wheel rotation axis neither has to be parallel to a propeller rotation axis, nor does one of these need to cut, in particular, therefore, no propeller rotation axis must be congruent with the wheel rotation axis,

a spoked and hubless wheel may consist of a plurality of tires and / or spokes and hubless rims on the same wheel rotation axis (e.g., twin rims);

a bracing ring

o from any number of arbitrary

shaped braces can exist o does not have to be rotationally symmetrical (eg vertical struts can be made more stable than, for example, horizontal),

• Bearings shown as bearings also as others

Bearing types can be carried out, such.

Sliding bearing or magnetic bearing,

• as components with iron core with

Electromagnetic effect can also be executed coreless,

• shown with radially acting magnetic direction

Components also with other magnetic directions

may be carried out, such. axially.

Taking this into account, in the following detailed explanation, in which reference is also made to the following figures, by way of example and simplifying therefore only a concrete realization variant

However, three different forms of the spoke and hubless wheel are discussed.

It should also be mentioned that the simplified representation of various components that can be made up of several physical parts can also be represented as individual components, if these parts permanently (ie a separation is not possible by hand) connected to each other to the component shown are and yet sufficiently set out by the simplifying presentation of the invention. It should also be mentioned that for the sake of clarity, the representation of seals of any kind was also omitted. Overall, it should be noted that the description and the figures, although the character of the invention

but do not constrict it or give it back.

Brief description of the figures

It shows

Fig. 1.1 to Fig. 1.2 respectively representations of various components of a peripheral electric

drivable propeller. It shows

Fig. 1.1 is an exploded view of an am

Circumference electrically driven propeller Fig. 1.2 is an exploded view of a

electromotive drive of a circumferentially electrically driven propeller

Fig. 2.1.1 to Fig. 2.1.2 respectively representations

various components of a spoke and

hubless electrically driven rim. It shows

Fig. 2.1.1 is an exploded view of a

Spoke and hubless electrically driven rim

Fig. 2.1.2 is an exploded view of a

electromotive drive of a spokes and hubless electrically driven rim Fig. 2.2.1 to Fig. 2.2.2 respectively representations

various components of a spoke and

hubless mechanically brakeable rim. It shows Fig. 2.2.1 is an illustration of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim

Fig. 2.2.2 is an exploded view of a

Braking device of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim

Fig. 3.1 to Fig. 3.2 respectively representations of various components for driving a spoke and

hubless electrically driven rim, for braking a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim and for driving a circumferentially electrically driven propeller. It shows Fig. 3.1 is an exploded view of a

Combination of - shown assembled - electromotive drive a spoke and hubless electrically driven rim and - assembled - shown - electromotive drive of a circumferentially electrically driven

propeller

Fig. 3.2 is an exploded view of a

Combination of an - shown assembled - brake device one

Spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim and one - assembled shown - electric motor drive of a circumferentially electrically driven

propeller

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of - partially

assembled - spoke and hubless electrically driven wheel with an integrated - assembled shown - on the circumference electrically driven propeller, the electromotive drives of these components are each shown assembled

Fig. 5 shows an assembly of a spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propeller

Fig. 6.1 to Fig. 6.8 each different states

of a possible passenger vehicle passing through

Use of spoked and hubless wheels with integral electrically driven propellers for which the vehicle provides the energy and control necessary to drive it, both on land and in the air

is independently maneuverable and also with the existing infrastructure for

Land vehicles is compatible. It shows Fig. 6.1 the passenger vehicle in forward or

reversing or forward or

backward ready condition

Fig. 6.2 the passenger vehicle in a curving or ready-to-drive state

Fig. 6.3 the passenger vehicle in diagonalfahrendem or diagonal driving ready state

Fig. 6.4 the passenger vehicle in rotation on the stand or in standby for rotation on the stand Fig. 6.5 the passenger vehicle in querfahrendem or querfahrbereitem state Fig. 6.6 the passenger vehicle in the transition from fahrin the ready to fly state and vice versa

Fig. 6.7 the passenger vehicle with optimized for vertical flight propeller position in the flying or ready to fly

Fig. 6.8 the passenger vehicle with for

Horizontal flight in the main flight direction optimized propeller position in the flying or flying state

FIGS. 7.1 to 7.2 each show exemplary,

schematic representations of possible positions of the electrically driven propeller in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and the stator. It shows

Fig. 7.1 each exemplary, schematic

Representations of - the invention claim corresponding - layers of electrically

drivable propeller in relation to

Outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and the stator

Fig. 7.2 each exemplary, schematic

Representations of - the claim of the invention not corresponding - layers of the electrically driven propeller in relation to

Outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and the stator

Detailed description of the figures

Figures 1.1 to 1.2 each show representations of various components of a circumference electrically drivable propeller.

FIG. 1.1 shows an exploded view of a propeller that can be electrically driven on the circumference. This

Propeller consists of bearings 1, which are applied to an axle 2 and between which there is also a spacer sleeve 3. Furthermore, there is the

Propeller made of a rotor 4 consisting of a number of shrouded rotor blades and a number of permanent magnets 5 (shown with alternating pole orientation, but also for example in a Halbach arrangement) mounted on this rotor 4. These are still surrounded by a sheath 6, which in turn is fixed by means of a screw 7 fixed to the rotor 4 ring 8. The rotor 4 is by means of

Screws 9 fixed between the bearings 10, these bearings 10 at the same time on the

rotatable outer rings of the bearing 1 sit. The hub of the rotor 4 is also seated on these outer rings and is thereby radially relative to the axis 2 rotatable. For later axial positioning of the propeller, a spacer ring 11 is pushed onto the axle 2.

FIG. 1.2 shows an exploded view of an electromotive drive of a propeller that can be electrically driven on the circumference. This drive consists of a ring with a number of components with

electromagnetic action 12, shown as coils, a retaining ring 13, an inner shell 14, a side ring 15 and screws 16, by means of which these components are connected. Figures 2.1.1 to 2.1.2 each show

Representations of various components of a spoke and hubless electrically driven rim.

Figure 2.1.1 shows an exploded view of a spoke and hubless electrically driven rim. This rim consists of a magnet retaining ring 17 and a number of permanent magnets 18 mounted thereon (shown with alternating pole orientation, but also possible, for example, in Halbach configuration). These are still surrounded by a shell 19 and finally all three components are introduced into the rim casing 20 and subsequently fixed there.

Figure 2.1.2 shows an exploded view of an electric motor drive a spoke and

hubless electrically driven rim. This

Drive consists of a ring with a number of

Electromagnetic effect components 21,

shown as coils, a retaining ring 22, a

Sheath 23, a side ring 24 and screws 25, by means of which these components are connected.

Figures 2.2.1 to 2.2.2 each show

Representations of various components of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim.

FIG. 2.2.1 shows a representation of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim. This rim contains in its interior an inwardly directed annular extension at the end faces itself

Friction surfaces 26 are located.

FIG. 2.2.2 shows an exploded view of a brake device of a spoke and hubless one mechanically braked rim. This braking device consists of a number of components with a braking effect 27, shown as calipers with

Brake pads, and a retaining ring 28 by means of

Screws 29 and guide pins 30 with a

Side ring 31 is connected. The components with

Braking effect 27 are thereby applied to the guide pins 30 so that they remain axially movable.

Figures 3.1 to 3.2 each show representations of various components for driving a spoke and hubless electrically driven rim, for braking a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim and for driving a peripheral electric

drivable propeller.

FIG. 3.1 shows an exploded view of a combination of an electric motor drive of a spoke and - shown assembled

hubless electrically driven rim and one - assembled shown - electromotive

Drive a circumferentially electrically driven

Propeller. Shown here is the already presented in Figure 1.2 - but here in the assembled state shown - Propeller coil ring 32 which is fastened by screws 33 to a spacer 34 and the already presented in Figure 2.1.2 - here, however, also shown in the assembled state - Radspulenring 35th , which is also fastened by means of screws 36 on the spacer ring 34.

FIG. 3.2 shows an exploded view of a combination of a - assembled - shown Braking device of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim and a - shown assembled - electric motor drive of a circumferentially electrically driven propeller. Shown here is again the propeller coil ring 32, which by means of screws 33 but this time at the already presented in Figure 2.2.2 - shown here in the assembled state - brake caliper ring 37 is attached.

Figure 4 shows an exploded view of a - partially assembled shown - spokes and hubless electrically driven wheel with an integrated - assembled shown - on the periphery electrically driven propeller, wherein the

electromotive drives of these components are shown assembled.

The wheel shown consists of the presented in Figure 2.1.1 - but shown here in the assembled state - spokes and hubless electrical

drivable rim 38 and with screws 39 attached to it by means of bearing rings 40 bearings 41, which are fixed by this attachment, the outer rings of the bearing 41 against the rim 38 and this is now rotatable against the inner rings of the bearing 41. In addition, the wheel still consists of a tire 42 (shown as tubeless - with air inlet through the tread - but also with hose or airless possible), which is pulled over the rim 38. In this wheel presented in Figure 3.1 - but shown here in the assembled state - electromotive drive component 43 is inserted and in turn the already in Figure 1.1 presented - but also shown here in the assembled state - on the circumference

Electrically driven propellers 44. Means

Verstrebungsringen 45 and 46, which are then also pushed into the electromotive drive component 43 and secured by screws 47 at this and record in their hubs the propeller 44 (on the axis 2), which in turn is fixed there by means of shaft nuts 48, the location of Propellers 44

relative to the electromotive drive component 43 so determined that it is radially in the center of his - and axially (with its permanent magnet 5) in congruent position to its - drive unit (the propeller coil ring 32 as part of the electromotive drive component 43) and there can rotate freely. Through the bracing rings 45 and 46 takes place at the same time the fixation of

Inner rings of the bearings 41 such that the rim 38 radially to their - and axially (with their permanent magnet 18) in congruent position to their - drive unit (the Radspulenring 35 as part of the electric motor drive component 43) and there can rotate freely. The shaft nuts 48 are still covered with caps 49 and on the Verstrebungsringen 45 and 46 are each with screws 50 also

Holding devices 51 attached, which here as

simple rings are shown. These

Retainers 51 serve to provide a connection between the spoke and hubless wheel with

integrated electrically driven propellers and an external object (eg a combined air and Landf sorgzeug to be driven) and the necessary for driving the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers electrical energy and control of this external object via a suitable supply line in the electric motor drive component 43rd

by pass. The holding devices 51 are therefore - depending on the specific purpose of the set forth

Invention - in a form suitable for the particular form, such as e.g. in that in the figures 6.1 to 6.8 later still shown.

Note: The struts of the bracing rings 45 and 46 not only serve to fix the position of the propeller 44 in relation to the wheel, but also to protect the environment from the propeller 44 and the protection of the propeller 44 from the environment.

Depending on the actual need for protection (this depends in particular on the actual application), these strivings may therefore differ in their form and number

be designed differently than here

shown. In addition, similar to the already

mentioned in addition WH-Pl-I-2017 and WH-P2-I-2017, in addition also axially to the rotation axis of the propeller 44 suitable protective devices (e.g.

Grid) are attached. In addition to the

Struts of the bracing rings 45 and 46 also serve all radially around the Raddrehachse lying parts which are also around the propeller 44 (the electromotive drive component 43, the rim 38th and the tire 42), the above-mentioned protection. Deviating from the illustration given here, this protection would also be at other positions of the propeller 44 in relation to the components surrounding it

given as e.g. when the propeller axis of rotation to

Wheel rotational axis would be slightly inclined, but specifically only so far that while the propeller would still be completely surrounded by other components. The present patent is intended to claim all those layers of propellers 44 which provide said protection. Layers that do not offer this protection, in which the propeller is thus not completely surrounded radially around the Raddrehachse should not be claimed with the present patent, however. For a more detailed explanation of the claimed and the unclaimed positions of the propeller 44 in relation to the wheel see also Figures 7.1 to 7.2 and the associated explanations.

Figure 5 shows an assembly of a spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electric

drivable propeller.

Shown here is - but now in assembled state - the already presented in Figure 1.1 circumferentially electrically driven propeller 44, and a spokes and hubless wheel 52 and a stator 53 which receives both components suitable. By suitably controlled supply of electrical energy (e.g.

according to the principle of a so-called brushless

DC motor) by means of a supply line 54 to the stator 53 - concretely to the propeller coil ring 32nd (as part of the electromotive drive component 43) over the way through the holding device 51 and the

Bracing ring 45 - causes a rotation of the propeller 44 in the interior of the wheel 52, so it is the drive. The illustrated wheel 52 and the

shown stator 53 can thereby

• be constructed as shown in Figure 4. The wheel 52 can therefore from the illustrated there

Components 38 to 42 and the stator 53 of the remaining components, except for the propeller 44, i. from components 43 and 45 to 51.

By this construction, the wheel 52 is in principle

electrically driven and the drive takes place, as with the propeller 44, by suitably controlled

Supply of electrical energy (for example also according to the principle of a so-called brushless DC motor) via a supply line, this time with course to the wheel coil ring 35 (as part of the electromotive drive component 43),

• be constructed as shown in Figure 4, but in the wheel 52, the spokes and hubless

electrically driven rim 38 by those presented in Figure 2.2.1 spokes and hubless

mechanically brakeable rim is replaced and in

Stator 53, the electromotive drive component 43 is replaced by those presented in Figure 3.2 combination of a drive component and a braking device.

By this construction, the wheel 52 is in principle (like a disc brake) mechanically braked and at suitably controlled supply of brake signals (depending on the concrete structure of the components with braking effect 27 - as part of the brake caliper ring 37 - eg electrically or hydraulically) via a corresponding supply line, with course to the brake caliper ring 37, there is a force from the components with braking effect 27 the friction surfaces 26, whereby the braking of the wheel 52 takes place. The resulting by the friction material abrasion can escape through recesses on the retaining ring 28 - as part of the brake caliper ring 37 - to the environment. Note: The wheel 52 is in the electrically driven variant discussed in the first paragraph

Changeover to generator mode {recuperation) also brakable. Sense of the just described mechanically braked variant is, too

independent of a drive to be braked, e.g. for the realization of a brakeable trailer, for the realization of a parking brake and, at

suitable combination, also for the realization of an electrically driven wheel with mechanical

Auxiliary brake, e.g. to increase the braking effect,

• be constructed so that they neither drive nor

Brake devices included, so these devices are replaced in Figure 4 by simple only serving stability placeholder.

By this construction, the wheel 52 is purely co-rotating, so neither drivable nor braked.

Note: Apart from the electrical supply via the supply line 54, electrical energy also come directly from the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers. This is because smaller energy carriers can also be located in suitable cavities of the stator 53 (eg batteries and / or capacitors). As a result, the drive of the propeller 44 - and possibly also of the wheel 52 - even without power from an external object, if only for a relatively short duration.

Figures 6.1 to 6.8 respectively show different states of a possible Personenvehikels, by using spoked and hubless wheels with integrated electrically driven propellers, for which the vehicle for their drive power and control is provided, both on land and in the Air is independently maneuverable and also with the already existing

Infrastructure for land vehicles is compatible. The energy provided by the passenger vehicle for driving the spoke and hubless wheels

integrated electrically driven propellers must be in electrical form and in principle therefore all technically available ways of providing electrical energy are possible, in particular by means of

Batteries, batteries and / or capacitors and by energy conversion by means of fuel cell

Hydrogen, or by means of internal combustion engine and generator of other chemical fuels (gasoline and the like). The design of the primary energy source, however, depends on numerous factors - such as the required performance of the entire system or the desired duration of flight - and it should therefore be determined according to the actual use. The attachment of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers to the passenger vehicle via two each guided via a rotary arm 55 rotary joints 56 and 58. The first

Rotary connection 56 is located between the

Holding device 57 of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers - which in contrast to that shown in Figure 4

Holding device 51 but not easy

This rotary joint 56 essentially serves the inclination of the electrically driven propeller 44 in flight operation and for the steering of the spoke and hubless wheel 52 while driving, in the latter case fulfilling that function, such as, for example, FIG. a steering head in conventional two-wheelers. The generation of the steering force takes place in contrast to conventional two-wheelers but not by muscle power of the vehicle driver - as a generalized name of a person who controls any vehicle, ie a driver of land vehicles and a pilot of aircraft, and based on the usual in shipping Designation of the ship's captain - but via a suitable electromotive rotary device, such as eg common in industrial robots (e.g., by means of a servomotor and planetary, helical,

Stress wave or cycloidal gear). The second pivot connection 58 is located between the

Passenger vehicle and the rotary arm 55 and serves in the Essentially to bring the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers from the flight to the driving state and vice versa. Due to the rotary arm mechanism thus produced, the passenger vehicle can be any in flight operation possible

Change of direction - of course apart from one

Height change - perform while driving, whereby the risk of incorrect operation of the passenger vehicle is reduced by the vehicle operator, as this can always use the same control both in flight and in driving.

Figure 6.1 shows the passenger vehicle in forward or reverse or forward or

backward ready condition. In this condition

all four wheels 52 are substantially

parallel to the main driving direction, which is also the

Main direction of the vehicle driver corresponds.

Figure 6.2 shows the passenger vehicle in

curving or curving ready condition.

Shown here is a state, as can be achieved by a four-wheel steering, the steering

But also allows a pure two-wheel steering, as in motorized land vehicles - especially at

Automobiles - currently common.

Figure 6.3 shows the passenger vehicle in

diagonal or diagonal driving condition. In this state, all four wheels 52 are substantially parallel to each other, but now they do not point in the main direction of travel but they are twisted to this direction. This driving condition allows the Vehicle operator, for example, to overtake a vehicle without having to change its viewing direction in relation to the vehicle, contrary to the usual overtaking with steering. Figure 6.4 shows the passenger vehicle in rotation on the stand or in standby for rotation on the stand. In this state, all four wheels 52 are in

Aligned substantially tangentially to a circle centered at the vehicle center.

This driving condition allows e.g. a quick turn. Figure 6.5 shows the passenger vehicle in

transversely or ready to cross state. In this state, all four wheels 52 are in

Essentially parallel to each other, but they do not point in the main direction but orthogonally to this. This driving condition allows e.g. a simple parking in parking spaces on the roadside.

Figure 6.6 shows the passenger vehicle in the transition from running to ready to fly and vice versa. The initial state for the transition from the ready to fly in the ready state is that already presented in Figure 6.5 state. From this position, a rotation of the rotary arms 55 takes place about the vehicle-side

Slewing 58. This lowers the vehicle relative to the ground until it rests on it. If the rotating arms 55 are then rotated further, lifting of the spoke and hubless wheels takes place

integrated electrically driven propellers, so that they no longer have contact with the ground and can be rotated into a ready to fly position (see Figures 6.7 and 6.8). The transition from aviation to Driving condition is in reverse order. Figure 6.7 shows the passenger vehicle with for

Vertical flight optimized propeller position in

flying or ready to fly condition. The

Initial state for this is that already presented in Figure 6.6 transition state. From this position, a rotation of the spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically driven propellers about the rotary joint 56 such that the axes of rotation of the propeller 44 are substantially perpendicular. The mid-planes of the propeller 44 are thus in

Essentially horizontal and, due to the lowering of the vehicle in relation to the propellers 44 indirectly described in FIG

Overall focus of the vehicle. As a result, a stable attitude is produced in principle.

Figure 6.8 shows the passenger vehicle with for

Horizontal flight optimized in main flight direction

Propeller position in the flying or ready to fly

State. The initial state for this is that already presented in Figure 6.7 state. From this position, a rotation of the spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically driven propellers to the rotary joint 56 such that the axes of rotation of the propeller 44 is no longer substantially perpendicular, but against the main flight direction of the

Personenvehikels are inclined and thus are in an optimal position for horizontal flight.

Note: The presented rotary arm mechanism also allows adjusted propeller inclinations for other flight directions to, whereby the maneuverability is increased, since this maneuverability is no longer purely dependent on the rotational speeds of the individual propellers. In driving can - depending on

Actual embodiment of the Dreharmmechanik - also some driving characteristics are adapted, this is e.g. by a possible suspension lowering.

FIGS. 7.1 to 7.2 each show exemplary, schematic representations of possible positions of the electrically driven propellers in relation to FIG

Outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and the stator. It is shown here - each in axonometric view and in elevation - but only the radial about the wheel axis 59 located outer contour of a wheel and a stator 60, that is the contour by the normal to the wheel axis 59 on

farthest from this Raddrehachse 59 points of the wheel and the stator is described. The

Outer contour axially in the direction of wheel axis 59 is not important for the positions of the propeller to be clarified in relation to the wheel and to the stator and is therefore not mentioned. Furthermore serve the

The illustrations given are merely illustrative of some possible positions of the propellers in relation to the wheel and the stator, and they are therefore irrespective of the actual meaningfulness of these positions, and regardless of the actual

Meaningfulness of the outer contour shown

underlying object structure specified. This object structure consists here by way of example of a wheel with two tires 61 and the parts of the stator 62 which connect and surround these tires 61, the latter containing a chamfer 63 on its upper left side. Furthermore, the object structure consists of a propeller, which consists of two rows of rotor blades, these

Rotor blade rows are each shown as Rotorblatteinhüllende 64. These are those envelopes that rotate around the rotor blades 65

Propeller axis 66 result.

FIG. 7.1 shows exemplary, schematic illustrations of the invention claim

corresponding - layers of electrically driven

Propeller in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and the stator. This the

Claims of corresponding layers are those

Layers in which all Rotorblatteinhüllenden 64 are completely surrounded radially around the Raddrehachse 59 of the outer contour of the wheel and / or the stator 60. this shows

Example a with a propeller whose rotation axis 66 is rotated in relation to the wheel rotation axis 59,

Example b with a propeller, which is surrounded only by parts of the outer contour of the stator 62, but not by the outer contour of the wheel.

FIG. 7.2 in each case shows exemplary, schematic illustrations of the invention claim

corresponding - layers of electrically driven

Claims not corresponding to claims are those Layers in which at least one Rotorblatteinhüllende 64 is not completely surrounded radially around the Raddrehachse 59 of the outer contour of the wheel and the stator 60. this shows

Example a with a propeller whose axis of rotation 66 is twisted in relation to the wheel rotation axis 59 at which the propeller is closer to the bevel 63 this time. In the elevation, the situation appears as if all Rotorblatteinhüllenden 64 would be completely surrounded radially around the Raddrehachse 59, in the plan additionally given here

(Bottom right image), however, it can be seen that this is not the case in the region of the bevel 63 for the left-hand of the two rotor blade envelopes 64,

• Example b with a propeller whose

Rotorblatteinhüllenden 64 are not surrounded by the outer contour of the wheel and the stator 60,

Example c with a propeller whose axis of rotation 66 is rotated so far in relation to the wheel rotation axis 59 that the rotor blade envelopes 64 protrude beyond the outer contour of the wheel and the stator 60 both on the left and on the right. This situation corresponds in principle to the location already indicated in CN104385843.

Please note

The specific design of the spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically driven

Propellers is based on various criteria, such as the specific purpose. Accordingly, the electrically driven propellers 44 do not have to necessarily be designed for use in the air, but could also be designed for use in other media, especially for use in the water. This allows use of the

set forth invention not only for the creation of

Vehicles that are compatible with existing land vehicle infrastructure and can travel equally on land as well as in the air, but also create vehicles that can do so on land and at sea.

Accordingly, the Personenvehikel presented in Figures 6.1 to 6.8 could also with spoke and hubless wheels with for water operation

optimized, integrated electrically driven

Be equipped with propellers and thus a

Combined land and water vehicle, the movement in the water then by accordingly

suitable propeller positions would take place. For example, achieved a forward movement through the presented in Figure 6.5 propeller position.

Note: The propeller positions for operation in the water are possible regardless of the propeller optimization for a particular medium, i. notwithstanding optimization for water operation, the passenger vehicle presented in Figures 6.1 through 6.8 may also travel in the water when optimized for air operation, when needed (e.g., during ditching), although not optimally.

After the concrete design of the

using spoke and hubless wheels with integrated vehicles driven by electrically driven propellers, at least according to the specific purpose of use, are, apart from in the

Figures 6.1 to 6.8 presented Personenvehikel, in principle, many other differently designed

Vehicle possible. In particular, these possible vehicles with additionally mounted propellers could be rigid but also pivotable (cf again the patent WH-Pl-I-2017, which has already been mentioned several times),

extendable (see again the already mentioned several times patent WH-P2-I-2017) o. like. - Be equipped with wings (rigid, but also retractable, folding or the like.), Or from suitable combinations of these embodiments

Thus, a maneuverability of the resulting vehicle would be equally possible in the air, on land and in the water.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1st camp

2nd axis

3. Spacer sleeve

4. Rotor

5. permanent magnet

6. sheathing

7. screw

8. Ring

9. screw

10. Bearing shell

11. Spacer ring

12. component with electromagnetic effect

13. retaining ring

14. Inner casing

15th side ring

16. Screw

17. Magnetic retaining ring

18. Permanent magnet

19. sheathing

20. rim coat

21. Component with electromagnetic effect

22. retaining ring

23. sheathing

24th side ring

25. Screw

26. Friction surface

27. Component with braking effect

28. retaining ring

29. Screw 30. Guide pin

31. Side ring

32. propeller coil ring

33. screw

34. Spacer ring

35. Wheel coil ring

36. screw

37. Brake caliper ring

38. rim

39. screw

40th bearing ring

41. bearings

42. tires

43. Electromotive drive component

44. Propeller

45th bracing ring

46. Bracing ring

47. screw

48. shaft nut

49. cap

50th screw

51. Holding device

52. wheel

53. Stator

54. Supply line

55. Swivel arm

56. Slewing connection

57. Holding device

58. Rotary connection

59. Raddrehachse 60. Outer contour of a wheel and a stator

61. Outer contour of a tire

62. Outer contour of a stator

63. Bevel

64. Rotor blade envelopes

65th rotor blade

66. propeller axis of rotation

Claims

claims

1. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers, consisting of a. a spoke and hubless wheel (52), again at least consisting of at least

i. a warehouse (41)

ii. a tire (42)

iii. a spoke and hubless rim (20) characterized in that in the interior

b. at least one on the circumference electrically driven propeller (44), in turn, at least

consisting of at least

i. a warehouse (1)

ii. a rotor (4) consisting of a number of rotor blades

iii. one on the circumference of at least one rotor

attached number of permanent magnets (5) c. and at least one stator (53), again

at least consisting of at least

i. a component with electromagnetic

Effect (12) on at least one circumferentially electrically driven propeller (44) ii. a holding device (51) for mounting the stator (53) on an external object iii. a strut ring (45, 46), the one

Propeller bearings (1) and a wheel bearing

(41) directly and / or indirectly receives and that with the remaining parts of the stator

(53) is directly and / or indirectly connected is integrated and the overall structure is designed such that all the rotor blades of the circumferentially drivable propeller (44) are radially around the Raddrehachse completely surrounded by the wheel (52) and / or the stator (53).

2. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating the driving force of the electrically driven propeller (44) required electrical energy by means of an electrical supply line (54) can be fed from an external object.

3. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of

Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the rotation of the electrically driven propeller (44) via an electrical supply line (54) is controllable by an external object.

4. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of

Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that by electromagnetic action between at least one permanent magnet (5) of an electrically driven propeller (44) and at least one component with electromagnetic effect (12) of the stator (53) the rotation of at least one electrically driven

Propellers (44) is caused.

5. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is electrically driven by

a. the spoke and hubless rim (20) contains a number of permanent magnets (18)

b. the stator (53) of at least one component with electromagnetic effect (21) on the

Permanent magnet (18) exists

6. spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to claim 5, characterized in that the for generating the driving force of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) required electrical energy by means of a

electrical supply line (54) can be fed from an external object.

7. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of

Claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the rotation of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) via an electrical supply line (54) is controllable by an external object.

8. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers to one of

Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that by electromagnetic action between at least one permanent magnet (18) of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) and at least one component with

electromagnetic effect (21) of the stator (53) the Rotation of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is caused.

9. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of

Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) independently of all electrically driven propellers (44) is drivable.

10. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers to one of

Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is mechanically braked by

a. the spoke and hubless rim (20) includes at least one friction surface (26)

b. the stator (53) consists of at least one component with a braking effect (27) on the friction surface (26)

11. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to claim 10, characterized in that for the generation of the braking force of the spokes and hubless wheel (52) required energy by means of a supply line (54) can be fed from an external object.

12. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of

Claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the mechanical braking of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) via a supply line (54) from an external object is controllable.

13. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of

Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that by force effect between at least one friction surface (26) of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) and at least one component with a braking effect (27) of the

Stators (53) the mechanical braking of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is caused.

14. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of

Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the spokes and hubless wheel (52) is mechanically braked regardless of its eventual drive.

15. Spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers to one of

Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) pure running

is executed, so it has neither a drive nor a braking device.

16. Use of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is connected by means of a holding device (51) with an external object.

17. Use of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers one of the claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the external object connected to it provides a sufficient amount of energy for the maneuverability of this object - including the associated spokes and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers.

18. Use of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the external object connected to it for the maneuverability of this object - including the associated with him spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers - required control provides.