WO2018232430A1

WO2018232430A1 - Pivotal protective propeller frame with integrated electrically driven propellers

Info

Publication number: WO2018232430A1
Application number: PCT/AT2018/000057
Authority: WO
Inventors: Werner Holzer
Original assignee: Werner Holzer
Priority date: 2017-06-22
Filing date: 2018-06-15
Publication date: 2018-12-27
Also published as: AT520144A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a protective propeller frame, in the interior of which at least one electrically driven propeller (12) is integrated and a protective device (9, 10, 16) of which surrounds the propeller to such a degree that the risk of injuring living beings and/or damaging objects and the propeller itself is reduced to a tolerable level, said protective propeller frame being provided with devices (18, 19) which are equipped to connect (18) the frame to an external object in a pivotal manner and fix (19) the frame in at least one position in relation to said object. The invention further relates to the use of such protective propeller frames, in particular in connection with objects, said propeller frames attaining a flight capability by virtue of the energy and control provided by said objects for driving the propeller.

Description

Swiveling propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers

Technical area

The invention relates to a propeller protection frame, in the interior of which at least one electrically driven propeller is integrated and which has at least one pivotable connection with another object

can be connected, as well as its use,

in particular, but not exclusively, in the

manned and unmanned aviation.

State of the art

In recent years, there has been an ever-increasing trend in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or even drones), and this trend has been reflected in both the

military sector, in the commercial sector (for example for professional ground-level aerial photography or for the transport of small loads) as well as in the leisure sector (for example as a toy).

The drive of such UAVs is currently almost

exclusively by propellers which, by their rotation, produce the necessary buoyancy for their ability to fly.

For living beings and objects, which are in

However, this propeller rotation always carries the danger of being close to the propellers

Injuries or damage in itself. In the field of unmanned aviation, this danger from the propellers is tolerable to a certain degree (the UAVs are either relatively small and light and therefore contain only a small amount

Injury or damage potential, or they are operated for purposes in which the injury or. Danger of damage generally plays a minor role), in the area of the last

Years but also very strong developing

However, personal aircraft (Personal Air Vehicles, PAVs for short) can pose a significant problem for the acceptance of such PAVs.

In addition, in both PAVs and UAVs - especially by flying creatures (such as birds) - there is a risk of damage to the propeller and thus a possible propeller failure, which can lead to a crash of the aircraft in the worst case. This is another circumstance that can counteract the acceptance of such aircraft.

For a safe operation of PAVs would therefore be a propeller both radially and axially surrounding

Protective device advantageous. However, this is for various reasons - such. the resulting increased mass and the associated increased drive power required - currently no one worldwide

PAV available or known to be in development (see e.g.

WO2016124004 or AU2012283923 and all still in

further course specified references). As a possible solution against the risk of injury, the propellers at a bad for people

can be attached to the PAV, e.g. high above (see, e.g., WO2013070061 or WO201312430O). However, this does not reduce the danger of flying living beings and / or objects and also results in the further disadvantage of thereby required larger dimensions of the PAVs.

This disadvantage is due to the prevailing endeavor to keep the drive power as low as possible even further promoted by this endeavor in return the air flow cross-section - in order to lift the same mass this is purely physically necessary - and thus the total propeller surface (this may well be distributed over a larger number of small propellers, see for example DE102015207445), or it must be mounted wings that provide additional buoyancy

take care of, because due to the mass to be transported (at least one person) is required correspondingly large buoyancy, so that PAVs can actually fly.

PAVs with the mentioned approaches are thus always currently in at least one spatial dimension

much larger than personal land vehicles, e.g. Automobiles. Due to this size PAVs but with the existing transport infrastructure for

Land vehicles (eg road widths, parking lot sizes and garage access heights) are not, or only very bad, compatible. Since personal land vehicles already have a very high level of acceptance worldwide and there is also a correspondingly well-developed infrastructure for them, the acceptance of PAVs could probably be further increased relatively easily if this infrastructure

could be used. This especially because PAVs should be able to take off and land at least somewhere, they should be able to be stopped somewhere and somewhere the energy consumed in the operation should be fed again.

There are also various solutions to the size problem of PAVs, such as the possibility of folding the propellers (see, for example, WO2013070061) and / or the wings (see, for example, WO2016057004 or US Pat

WO2012012752). These solution attempts could be the

Acceptance of PAVs but even further

counteract, since exactly the foldable elements are the essential elements for the ability to fly and one does not want to see them weakened and / or complicated by a folding mechanism.

Object of the invention

It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of

propeller - driven aircraft with regard to the risk of injury and damage associated with their propellers, while at the same time being able to implement aircraft of sizes compatible with existing infrastructure for aircraft

Land vehicles are compatible.

Overall, the acceptance of

propeller driven aircraft, in particular propeller driven personal aircraft (PAVs).

In terms of sustainability, the invention should also be designed so that it is as independent as possible of future developments in the field of energy supply.

This is achieved by the in the set forth

Invention included propellers are driven electrically and therefore the invention with virtually everyone

Primary energy sources (for example fossil fuels,

Hydrogen, solar or battery)

if necessary with the inclusion of a suitable

Energy converter (eg internal combustion engine with generator, fuel cell or solar cell) can be used. Description of the invention

Preliminary remarks

Before going into the detailed description of the claimed invention is held that all the necessary components should always be designed so stable that thereby the purpose of the invention both of the component itself, as well as their interaction with others required

Components, can be guaranteed.

Furthermore, it should be mentioned that with an external object, any thing is meant that is not the

claimed invention.

The present invention of a pivotable

Propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers is basically feasible in numerous technical variants. This is due to factors such as e.g. the desired

Propeller performance, the size to be achieved, the desired weight and the desired protection requirements of the propeller protection frame. Furthermore, the concrete shape is at least fluidic

Optimization and also requirements for e.g. Vibration insulation and noise emission can

Require changes in the specific structure of the invention. To take account of this circumstance is therefore

specifically mentioned that, in full

Fulfillment of the character of the claimed invention, In a pivotable propeller protection frame, several electrically driven propeller can be integrated, these

o offset axially on the same propeller axis of rotation and / or radially offset to different

Propeller axes of rotation can be arranged, o may have different shape and / or size

(e.g., diameter, width, propeller pitch), and a different number of each

Propeller blades.

o can be rotated independently of each other,

in particular also different speeds

and / or in different directions (e.g., to compensate for the rotational momentum), even if they are on the same shaft,

as a single row equipped with propeller blades

shown rotors can also be equipped with multi-row, wherein number and shape of the propeller blades may be different depending on the propeller blade row (for example, to realize a compression),

Bearings shown as rolling bearings may also be designed as other types of bearings, such as e.g.

Sliding bearing or magnetic bearing.

as shown with iron core components with electromagnetic effect can also be executed coreless.

with radially acting magnetic direction components shown with other magnetic directions

may be executed, such as axial. Taking this into account, in the following detailed explanation, in which reference is also made to the following figures, by way of example and in simplified form, therefore, only a single concrete realization variant is discussed.

It should also be mentioned that the simplified representation of various components that can be real composed of several physical items,

also be shown as individual components

provided that these items are durable (i.e. a separation is not possible by hand alone)

are connected to each other to the individual component shown and yet sufficiently presented by this simplified representation of the invention construction.

It should also be mentioned that for the sake of clarity, the representation of seals of any kind was also omitted.

Overall, it should be noted that the description and the figures, although the character of the invention

but do not constrict it or give it back.

Brief description of the figures

It shows

Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a in a

Propeller protection frame integrable, electrically driven propellers Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a pivotable propeller protection frame with an - assembled shown - electrically driven propeller

Fig. 3 shows an assembly of a pivotable

Propeller protection frame with an integrated electrically driven propeller, including an exploded view of a possible pivotal attachment to an external object

Fig. 4 shows an assembly of a pivotable

Propeller protection frame with an integrated electrically driven propeller, including a possible pivotal attachment to an external object, which provides the power and control required for the drive

Fig. 5.1 to Fig. 5.3 respectively different states

a land vehicle trailer, by

Use of pivoting propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers - and to be integrated in the trailer energy source and propeller control - in addition to an aircraft. It shows

Fig. 5.1 the flyable trailer in

ready for driving and / or driving condition

Fig. 5.2 the flyable trailer in

ready to fly and / or flying

Fig. 5.3 the flyable trailer in one

bipartite mode in which that Part of the airworthy trailer that the

Contains energy source, located on the ground and the airborne part via a cable with power and the

Propeller control powered

Fig. 6.1 to Fig. 6.3 respectively different states

a possible self-propelled

Passenger vehicle by use

swiveling propeller protection frame with

integrated electrically powered propellers in addition to a personal aircraft. It shows

Fig. 6.1 the vehicle in running order and / or

driving condition

Fig. 6.2 the vehicle in flight with for

Vertical flight of optimized propeller Fig. 6.3 the vehicle in flight with for

Horizontal flight optimized

propeller position

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1 shows an exploded view of an integrable in a propeller protection frame, electrically

powered propellers.

This propeller consists of bearings 1, which are mounted on a shaft 2. Between the camps 1

is the stator, consisting of a number of components with electromagnetic effect 3 and a holding device 4, by means of which these components are mounted on the shaft 2. Furthermore, the propeller consists of one of a

Number of rotor blades existing rotor 5 and a number of mounted in this rotor

Permanent magnet 6. The rotor 5 is fixed by means of screws 7 between the bearing shells 8, said bearing shells also on the rotatable

Outer rings of bearings 1 sit. The rotor 5 is thereby radially rotatable relative to the shaft 2 and at the same time there are the permanent magnets 6 and

Components with electromagnetic effect 3 axially congruent position.

With suitably controlled supply of electrical energy (e.g., according to the principle of a so-called

Brushless DC motor), so can a

Rotation of the rotor 5 relative to the shaft 2 - so the drive of the propeller - done.

FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of a

Swiveling propeller protection frame with an integrated electrically driven propeller - shown assembled.

This pivotable propeller protection frame consists of a frame 9 and strut parts 10, in which there are hubs 11, in which the in FIG

shown - but here in the assembled

Condition shown - electrically driven propeller 12 is secured by shaft nuts 13 and thereby the axial position of the rotor 5 relative to the shaft 2 is set such that it is axially in congruent position to the frame 9. By means of screws 14 and 15, the strut parts 10 on the frame. 9 fixed, whereby finally the position of the rotor 5 is set so that it is located in the center of the frame 9, is surrounded by this radially and can rotate freely there.

Furthermore, the propeller protection frame consists of - adapted to the respective protection requirements - axially in

Flow direction of the integrated electric

powered propeller 12 lying

Protective devices 16 - shown here as a grid. These are on the Verstrebungsteilen 10 means

Fastened screws 17.

In addition, the propeller protection frame consists of a pivoting device 18 - shown here as a simple eye for a bolt connection (hinge principle) - and from a fixing device 19 - shown here as a simple eye for a bolt connection - by means of which the position of the propeller protection frame relative to an external object can be fixed.

Deviating from the illustration, if required in a specific application, the pivoting device 18 and the fixing device 19 can also be combined to form a device and the fixing and pivoting can then be carried out, for example. via a splined shaft instead of bolts

respectively .

Figure 3 shows an assembly of a pivotable

Propeller protection frame with an integrated

electrically driven propeller, said already described in Figure 2 propeller protection frame 20 with that already described in Figure 1 electrically

driven propeller 12 is shown. Furthermore, this figure shows an exploded view of a possible pivotal attachment of the

Propeller protection frame 20 on an external object 21, including a possible variant for fixing its position relative to this external object.

The pivotable mounting of the propeller protection frame 20 on an external object 21 shown in this figure is effected by means of bolts 22 pushed into the pivoting devices 18. These pivoting pins 22 are additionally pushed through the pivoting holders 23 and fixed by means of screws 24 to the external object 21. Apart from the illustrated here, very simple variant of a pivotal attachment are still

numerous other variants possible. These can also involve more complex joints.

The fixation of the position of the propeller protection frame 20 likewise shown in this figure with respect to an external object 21 takes place by means of in the

Fixing devices 19 latching bolt 25. These fixing bolts 25 are, in pairs separated by a spring 26, in Fixierhaltern 27, which in turn are fixed by means of screws 28 on the external object 21. The springs 26 ensure that the

Fixing pin 25 in its locked state

remain and so keep the propeller protection frame in position relative to the external object 21 fixed. The fixing bolts 25 can be manually pressed against the springs 26 by means of levers 29 attached to them, whereby the fixing bolts 25 slide out of the fixing devices 19 and a Swiveling the propeller protection frame 20 from the fixed position is possible.

Apart from the very simple variant shown here for fixing are also more complex

Mechanisms possible, especially those requiring additional control devices (e.g., in the case of using electromechanical

Actuators, such as electrically operated bolts) - and, if necessary, sensors - and also those which could simultaneously make the pivoting of the propeller protection frame 20 for fixing (e.g.

Gears / racks and / or hydraulic or

Pneumatic cylinder).

Both pivoting and fixing means, unlike the screw connection shown here, may also be connected to the external object in other ways, e.g. by welding or riveting.

Figure 4 shows an assembly of a pivotable propeller protection frame with an integrated

electrically propeller, wherein that propeller protection frame 20 already described in Figure 2 with that already described in Figure 1 electrically driven propeller 12 is shown, including the assembly of the already described in Figure 3 pivotal mounting (only the pivot holder 23 are visible here) of the propeller protection frame 20th on an external object 21, as well as the device also described in Figure 3 for fixing his

Position opposite to this external object 21. The

Propeller protection frame 20 is here but not shown fixed state, ie the Fixierb> olzen 25 are not keyed into the fixing means 19, whereby the propeller protection frame 20 is freely pivotable.

Furthermore, this figure shows schematically a, located in the external object 21 and for the

Propeller drive required power source 30, a required propeller control 31, and a - shown in the form of a cable - possible electrical connection 32 of these systems to the im

Propeller protection frame 20 integrated electrically

powered propeller 12.

The actual configuration of the power source 31 depends on numerous factors, such as e.g. the

required power and the maximum weight of the entire system. In principle, however, all technically available types of energy provision are possible here, in particular by means of a battery / battery and / or

Condensers, as well as by energy conversion from both hydrogen by fuel cell, as well as from

chemical fuels (hydrogen, gasoline, etc.) by means of internal combustion engine and generator. In addition, cavities of the propeller protection frame 20 may also have smaller energy sources, such as e.g.

Capacitors, causing the drive of the electric

driven propeller 12 also without external

Energy source 30 can be done, if only for

relatively short duration. In case of using the

claimed invention as driving a PAV or UAV advantageously but still sufficient for example an emergency landing.

The electrical connection 32 runs from the external object 21 via a suitable location in the

Propeller protection frame 20, runs there over the

Strut parts 10 and through the hub 11 on to the bearings 1, where it extends within the inner ring by suitable recesses in the shaft 2 and finally opens in the stator in the components with electromagnetic effect 3.

Apart from the very simple variant shown here for electrical connection are still

numerous other variants possible. These may also include more complex cable guides, especially those that pass through the pivoting devices 18.

Figures 5.1 to 5.3 each show different states of a land vehicle trailer, by

Use of pivoting propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers - and in the trailer to be integrated energy source and

Propeller control - in addition to an aircraft becomes.

Figure 5.1 shows the flyable trailer in

ready for driving and / or driving condition. In particular, therefore, the propeller protection frame 20 connected to the trailer walls by means of pivoting devices 18 are pivoted downwards - ie the propeller axes of rotation are essentially horizontal. This can be achieved that both total length, and total width of the flyable trailer with the already existing Land vehicle infrastructure is compatible. The airworthy trailer can in this state of

suitable land vehicles (e.g., passenger cars with trailer hitch) are pulled by means of retractable and extendable drawbar 33.

Figure 5.2 shows the flyable trailer in the

ready to fly and / or flying. In particular, therefore, the propeller protection frames 20 connected to the trailer walls by means of pivoting means 18 are pivoted upwardly (e.g., manually and / or by sufficient propeller thrust) - i. the

Propeller axes of rotation are substantially perpendicular - and fixed by means of fixing devices 19 in their position relative to the flyable trailer. In addition, the drawbar 33 is in the retracted state. Figure 5.3 shows the flyable trailer in a two-part mode in which the base 34 - that is, the part containing the energy source 30 - is located at the bottom and the top 35 - which is the airborne part - above Cable 36 powered. The control of the propeller can also be done by the cable 36, wherein the

Origin of the control signals but both in the lower part 34, in the upper part 35, or spatially completely separated from the trailer can be (remote control). By the

Division of the flyable trailer can at

same size and same energy consumption

much heavier loads are lifted, since the tending to heavy energy source does not need to be raised with. Possibly adversely affects the now limited to the cable length action radius. For certain applications, but this does not

Disadvantage, such as for all applications that are currently cranes, lifting platforms, o. like. be executed, since these also only one

limited radius of action. In addition, it is in extended drawbar 33 in this

split mode possible to pull the base 34 with a suitable land vehicle and thus the

Action radius - at least near the ground - to increase. In addition, the top 35 could still with a

Be equipped mechanism, by means of which the bottom of the upper part 35 can be lowered relative to the propeller protection frame 20 and thus the center of gravity of the upper part 35 - especially when transporting relatively heavy loads and / or loads with relatively high

center of gravity - can be brought into a more favorable position for flight stability (below the propeller level). Such a mechanism is

exemplified as a scissor mechanism 37 in the right half of the upper part 35.

Figures 6.1 to 6.3 each show different states of a possible self-propelled

Passenger vehicle, which by using pivoting propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers in addition to a

Becomes a personal aircraft.

Figure 6.1 shows the vehicle in running order

and / or driving condition. In particular, both the means of pivoting means 18 to the Vehicle end connected propeller protection frame 20, as well as those connected to the vehicle sides

Propeller protection frame 38, which in addition to the invention claimed here are still rotatable - thus represent a potential development - pivoted down -. the propeller axes of rotation are substantially horizontal - and the wheels 39, which could advantageously also be electrically powered (e.g., by wheel hub motors), are extended. In this condition, both the overall length and overall width of the vehicle is compatible with the existing land vehicle infrastructure.

FIG. 6.2 shows the vehicle in flight with propeller position optimized for vertical flight.

In particular, therefore, both the means

Pivoting 18 connected to the vehicle ends propeller protection frame 20, as well as those at the

Vehicle sides connected rotatable

Propeller protection frame 38 by one in the vehicle

integrated swing mechanism pivoted upwards - i. the propeller axes of rotation are essentially

vertically - and fixed by means of fixing devices 19 in their position relative to the vehicle. moreover

are now the wheels 39 in retracted

Condition, where they take up space to save space, where previously the rotatable

Propeller protection frame 38 were located.

Figure 6.3 shows the vehicle in flight with optimized for horizontal flight propeller position.

In particular, therefore, the means of pivoting devices 18 connected to the vehicle ends

Propeller protection frame 20 pivoted upwards - but the propeller axes are now not perpendicular but have a slope against the direction of flight - and fixed by means of fixing devices 19 in their position relative to the vehicle (via the integrated in the vehicle pivoting mechanism). With

Pivoting devices 18 on the vehicle sides

connected rotatable propeller protection frame 38 are also pivoted upwards - but they

additionally twisted so that the

Propeller axes of rotation are not perpendicular but have a tendency to the direction of flight - and fixed by means of fixing devices 19 in their position relative to the vehicle.

Closing remarks

The concrete embodiment of the vehicle, which can be realized by means of pivotable propeller protection frames with integrated electrically driven propellers, is governed by various criteria, such as e.g. according to the specific purpose. Accordingly, the vehicle illustrated in FIGS. 6.1 to 6.3 could be configured in such a way that, analogously to the flyable trailer shown in FIGS. 5.1 to 5.3, it can also be operated in a two-part mode and also via a device for lowering the vehicle

Vehicle focus possesses.

Furthermore, there are still many others in principle

designed vehicles possible. In particular, could these possible vehicles with additional attached wings (rigid, but also retractable, retractable, etc.) be equipped, and with configurations that allow use of the vehicle not only in the air and on land but also on water. For example, by floating bodies, which could be attached in addition or instead of wheels.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1st camp

2nd wave

3. component with electromagnetic effect-

4. Haiteeinrichtung

5. Rotor

6. permanent magnet

, screw

bearing shell

, framing

0. strut part

1st hub

2. electrically driven propeller

3. shaft nut

4. screw

5. screw

6. Protection device

7. screw

8. pivoting device

9. Fixing device

0. Propeller protection frame

1. external object

2. pivot pin

3. Swivel holder

4. screw

5. Fixing bolts

6. spring

7. Fixation holder

8. screw

9. Lever 30. Energy source

31. Propeller control

32. electrical connection

33. Drawbar

34th lower part

35th shell

36. Cable

37. Scissors mechanism

38. rotating propeller protection frame

39. wheel

Claims

claims

1. Swiveling propeller protection frame with

integrated electrically driven propellers, consisting of

a. at least one propeller (12), each in turn at least consisting of at least

i. a warehouse (1)

ii. a rotor (5) consisting of a number of rotor blades and a number of

Permanent magnets (6)

iii. a stator consisting of at least one

Electromagnetic effect component (3) b. a propeller protection frame (20), again

at least consisting of at least

i. a frame (9), all in

Propeller protection frame integrated electrically driven propeller (12) radially surrounds ii. a hub (11) which receives the propeller bearings and is directly and / or indirectly connected to the remaining parts of the propeller protection frame

characterized in that it can be connected to an external object by means of at least one pivoting device (18), its position can be fixed relative to this external object by means of at least one fixing device (19) and at least one protective device (16) adapted to the respective protection requirement, axially in all flow cross sections of

integrated electrically driven propeller (12) is present. 2. Swiveling propeller protection frame with

integrated electrically driven propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that for the generation of the driving force of the propeller (12)

required electrical energy by means of a

electrical connection (32) from an external object can be fed.

3. Swiveling propeller protection frame with

integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the rotation of the propeller (12) via a

electrical connection (32) from an external object is controllable.

4. Swiveling propeller protection frame with

integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that by electromagnetic action between

at least one permanent magnet (6) of a rotor (5) and at least one component with electromagnetic action (3) of a stator, the rotation of at least one propeller (12) is caused.

5. Swiveling propeller protection frame with

integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that all components are mechanically or electrically dimensioned such that the maximum of the propellers (12) producible thrust is greater than that on the pivotable propeller protection frame (20) including integrated electrically powered propellers (12) acting gravitational force, the pivoting

Propeller protection frame (20) with included electrically driven propellers (12) so by means of its self-generated thrust can lift completely from the ground.

6. Use of the pivotable Propellerschu zrahmens with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized

characterized in that the propeller protection frame (20) by means of at least one pivoting device (18)

pivotally connected to an external object.

7. Use of the pivotable propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized

characterized in that with the propeller protection frame

(20) connected external object one for the

Flying capability of this object - including the associated propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers - sufficient

Amount of drive power provides.

8. Use of the pivotable propeller protection frame with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized

in that the external object connected to the propeller protection frame (20) has one for the

Flight capability of this object - including the associated propeller protection frame with integrated electrically powered propellers - provides necessary control.