WO2019058043A1 - Heat engine control method - Google Patents

Heat engine control method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019058043A1
WO2019058043A1 PCT/FR2018/052162 FR2018052162W WO2019058043A1 WO 2019058043 A1 WO2019058043 A1 WO 2019058043A1 FR 2018052162 W FR2018052162 W FR 2018052162W WO 2019058043 A1 WO2019058043 A1 WO 2019058043A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particulate filter
engine
heat engine
threshold
particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2018/052162
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephanie AUDOUIN-WALSH
Pascal Climaud
Dimitrios Karageorgiou
Jean Christophe Guiban
Original Assignee
Psa Automobiles Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Psa Automobiles Sa filed Critical Psa Automobiles Sa
Priority to EP18778544.9A priority Critical patent/EP3685024A1/en
Priority to CN201880059851.XA priority patent/CN111094709A/en
Publication of WO2019058043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019058043A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
    • F02D31/007—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
    • F02D31/009—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply for maximum speed control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F02D41/0055—Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
    • F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0418—Methods of control or diagnosing using integration or an accumulated value within an elapsed period
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0422—Methods of control or diagnosing measuring the elapsed time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/08—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/10—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F01N2900/102—Travelling distance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0237—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles for regenerating ex situ
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D2041/0265—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to decrease temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/12—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration
    • F02D41/123—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration the fuel injection being cut-off
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a heat engine.
  • the invention lies in the field of the depollution of the exhaust gas of a heat engine.
  • pollutants can be emitted in the exhaust line of the engine.
  • pollutants are mainly unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide NO and NO2), carbon oxides (including carbon monoxide CO), and particulates by mass and number. .
  • the exhaust line of an engine is therefore generally at least provided with an oxidation catalyst, for example a three-way catalyst, allowing the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and carbon dioxide, the oxidation of the oxides. carbon monoxides to carbon dioxide, and the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water.
  • an oxidation catalyst for example a three-way catalyst
  • Solid or liquid particles consisting essentially of carbon-based soot and / or oil droplets may also be emitted. These particles typically have a size between a few nanometers and a micrometer.
  • a particulate filter consisting of a mineral matrix, of ceramic type, of cellular structure, defining channels arranged substantially parallel to the general direction of flow of the exhaust gases in the filter, and alternatively closed at the inlet side of the filter gases and at the outlet side of the filter gases, as described in EP2426326.
  • the particulate filter requires regular regeneration to not be overloaded. These regenerations take place in the presence of thermal and oxygen. For a gasoline engine, a large area of engine operation provides the necessary thermal. Oxygen can be provided by injection cuts during a release of the accelerator or during shifts. In order to carry out the regenerations, the temperature of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the particulate filter is at least 550 ° C. and the oxygen level at the inlet of the particulate filter is at least 2%. However, there may be situations for which the conditions are not met for long enough during a taxi (regeneration time too low, too low temperature or not enough oxygen exhaust). If these situations are prolonged or repeated successively for too long, then the particulate filter can store a large amount of particles that can damage the engine in case of regeneration.
  • the invention aims to effectively remedy this disadvantage by proposing a method for controlling a heat engine, particularly a motor vehicle, connected to an exhaust line comprising a particle filter, characterized in that it comprises: a step of measuring a quantity of particles accumulated in the particulate filter in the case where driving conditions of the motor vehicle are combined to carry out such a measurement,
  • the method comprises a step of activating at least one mode of reconfiguration of the thermal engine aimed at preventing any regeneration of the particulate filter.
  • a reconfiguration mode of the heat engine consists of:
  • the inhibition of injection cuts is performed so as to prohibit unsafe injection cuts to avoid excess oxygen to the exhaust to initiate the regeneration of the filter to particles, that is to say that it is thus possible to prevent the oxygen content at the inlet of the particulate filter from reaching a threshold value of the order of 2%.
  • fuel is continued to be injected so as to minimize the amount of oxygen that can enter the particulate filter and lower a temperature of the fuel. exhaust gas at the inlet of the particulate filter.
  • the limitation of the performance of the engine is performed so as to limit a load of the engine according to a regime. This limits the operating ranges in which the temperature of the exhaust gas would be too high and could initiate a natural regeneration, especially when the temperature of the exhaust gas exceeds a value of the order of 550 ° C.
  • a calibration of the maximum permissible load as a function of the speed is performed as a function of the temperature of the gases upstream of the particulate filter so as to limit a temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the filter. particle at a threshold temperature, for example of the order of 450 ° C.
  • the operation of a rich air / fuel mixture is to apply a rich air / fuel mixture greater than 1, so as to limit an amount of oxygen entering the particulate filter.
  • the measurement of the amount of accumulated particles is performed from a measurement of a pressure variation between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate filter.
  • the invention also relates to an engine computer having a memory storing software instructions for the implementation of the control method of the engine as previously defined.
  • the invention also relates to a heat engine comprising a motor computer as previously defined.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a heat engine with which is implemented the control method according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of the steps of the driving method of the heat engine according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a graphical representation illustrating the motor torque limitation principle as a function of the engine speed and the temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the particle filter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat engine 10, for example a gasoline engine, in particular for equipping a motor vehicle.
  • the heat engine 10 is connected to an exhaust line 12 for evacuation of the burnt gases produced by the operation of the heat engine 10.
  • the exhaust line 12 comprises a member 14 of pollutant gaseous pollutant, for example an oxidation catalyst, or a three-way catalyst.
  • the three-way catalyst makes it possible in particular to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and carbon dioxide, to oxidize carbon monoxides to carbon dioxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water.
  • the exhaust line 12 comprises a particulate filter 16 for filtering soot particles in the exhaust gas of the engine 10.
  • the particulate filter 16 is adapted to the filtration of soot particles from the combustion gasoline (corresponding in English to a "gasoline particulate filter” abbreviated GPF), which differs from conventional particulate filters ensuring filtration of soot particles from the combustion of diesel.
  • GPF gasoline particulate filter
  • the exhaust gas passes through the material of the particle filter 16.
  • each of these channels comprises a plugged end, so that the exhaust gases flowing in the particulate filter 16 pass channel channels, passing through the walls of the different channels of the particulate filter 16 to exit the particulate filter 16.
  • the particulate filter 16 may be based on a porous ceramic matrix, for example made of cordierite, mullite, aluminum titanate or silicon carbide. If necessary, the depollution member 14 and the particulate filter 16 may be implanted within the same envelope.
  • the exhaust line 12 is also provided with two sensors 18, 19 for pressure measurement.
  • One of the sensors 18 is disposed upstream of the particulate filter 16 and the other sensor 19 is disposed downstream of the particulate filter 16.
  • the pressure measuring sensors 18, 19 make it possible to measure a pressure difference between an inlet and a output of the particulate filter 16 from which it is possible to deduce a quantity of accumulated particles.
  • mapping is used which establishes a correlation, as a function of the intake air flow rate, between the measurement of pressure variation and the mass of particles in the particulate filter 16.
  • a computer 22 is also provided to control the operation of the engine 10.
  • This calculator22 comprises a memory storing software instructions for the implementation of the method detailed below.
  • a step 101 it measures a quantity of particles accumulated in the particulate filter 16, in the case where driving conditions of the motor vehicle are met to perform such a measurement.
  • the amount of accumulated particles is measured from the measurement of pressure variation between the inlet and the outlet of the particulate filter 16 made by the pressure sensors 18, 19.
  • a so-called critical customer information is generated in a step 102. It is considered that the rolling conditions are met to allow the measurement of the amount of particles accumulated when the flow rate of the exhaust gas exceeds a predetermined threshold, and that the rolling conditions are no longer met to allow the measurement of the quantity accumulated particles when the volume flow rate of the exhaust gas falls below the predetermined threshold.
  • This predetermined threshold is for example between 0.010 m 3 / s and 0.020 m 3 / s, and is preferably 0.015 m 3 / s.
  • the method comprises a step 103 of activating at least one mode of reconfiguration of the heat engine 10 to prevent regeneration of the particulate filter 16.
  • the critical threshold of amount of accumulated particles is between 12 and 20 grams, and is preferably 15 grams.
  • the threshold of critical driving distance is between 500 km and 2000 km, and the threshold of critical duration is between 4 hours and 15 hours, and is preferably 8 hours.
  • a mode of reconfiguration of the engine 10 is to inhibit injection cuts, or limit the performance of the engine 10, or operate a rich air / fuel mixture.
  • Inhibition of injection cuts is performed so as to prohibit unsafe injection cuts to avoid having an excess of oxygen in the exhaust to initiate regeneration that is to say say that it is thus avoided that the oxygen input rate of the particulate filter 16 reaches a threshold value of the order of 2%.
  • fuel is still injected so as to minimize the amount of oxygen that can enter the particulate filter 16 and lower the temperature. exhaust gas at the inlet of the particulate filter 16.
  • the limitation of the performance of the engine 10 is implemented so as to limit a load of the engine 10 according to a regime. This limits the operating ranges in which the temperature of the exhaust gas would be too high and could initiate a natural regeneration, especially when the temperature of the exhaust gas exceeds a value of the order of 550 ° C.
  • a calibration of the maximum permissible load as a function of the speed is performed as a function of the temperature of the gases upstream of the particulate filter 16 so as to limit a temperature of the exhaust gases upstream of the particulate filter 16 to a threshold temperature, for example of the order of 450 ° C.
  • the zone Z1 of the field engine for which the temperature T of the exhaust gas is less than 450 ° C is allowed in the event of a performance limitation, while the engine 10 will not be allowed to operate in the zone Z2 engine field for which the temperature T of exhaust gas is greater than 450 ° C.
  • a gasoline engine operates stoichiometry, that is to say, a quantity of fuel adapted to the amount of air entering the engine to have a wealth of air / fuel mixture oscillating around 1.
  • the setting can be modified by applying a richness greater than 1, that is to say a more fuel than stoichiometry.

Abstract

The invention mainly relates to a method for controlling a heat engine (10), in particular of a motor vehicle, characterised in that it comprises: 〮 - a step of measuring a quantity of particles accumulated in the particle filter (16) when driving conditions of the motor vehicle are suitable for performing such a measurement, 〮 - a step of generating a piece of information, termed "critical client" information, when the driving conditions of the motor vehicle are not suitable for measuring the quantity of particles accumulated in the particle filter (16), • - and, when the quantity of accumulated particles exceeds a threshold and/or when the information, termed "critical client" information, is generated over a driving distance exceeding a threshold or during a period of time exceeding a threshold, • - said method comprises a step of activating at least one reconfiguration mode of the heat engine (10), which is aimed at preventing any regeneration of the particle filter (16) and at warning the driver of said vehicle of an operating fault of the heat engine.

Description

PROCEDE DE PILOTAGE D"UN MOTEUR THERMIQUE  METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A THERMAL ENGINE
[0001 ] L'invention porte sur un procédé de pilotage d'un moteur thermique. L'invention se situe dans le domaine de la dépollution des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique. The invention relates to a method for controlling a heat engine. The invention lies in the field of the depollution of the exhaust gas of a heat engine.
[0002] Lors de la combustion d'un mélange d'air et de carburant dans un moteur thermique, des polluants peuvent être émis dans la ligne d'échappement du moteur. Ces polluants sont principalement des hydrocarbures imbrûlés (HC), des oxydes d'azote (monoxyde d'azote NO et dioxyde d'azote NO2), des oxydes de carbone (dont le monoxyde de carbone CO), et des particules en masse et nombre. During the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel in a heat engine, pollutants can be emitted in the exhaust line of the engine. These pollutants are mainly unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide NO and NO2), carbon oxides (including carbon monoxide CO), and particulates by mass and number. .
[0003] Les normes environnementales en matière de dépollution des gaz d'échappement imposent l'installation de systèmes de post-traitement des gaz d'échappement dans la ligne d'échappement des moteurs. La ligne d'échappement d'un moteur est donc généralement au moins munie d'un catalyseur d'oxydation, par exemple un catalyseur trois voies, permettant la réduction des oxydes d'azote en azote et en dioxyde de carbone, l'oxydation des monoxydes de carbone en dioxyde de carbone, et l'oxydation des hydrocarbures imbrûlés en dioxyde de carbone et en eau. [0003] Environmental standards for exhaust gas pollution require the installation of exhaust aftertreatment systems in the exhaust line of the engines. The exhaust line of an engine is therefore generally at least provided with an oxidation catalyst, for example a three-way catalyst, allowing the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and carbon dioxide, the oxidation of the oxides. carbon monoxides to carbon dioxide, and the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water.
[0004] Des particules solides ou liquides constituées essentiellement de suies à base de carbone, et/ou de gouttelettes d'huile peuvent également être émises. Ces particules ont typiquement une taille comprise entre quelques nanomètres et un micromètre. Pour les piéger, on prévoit généralement un filtre à particules constitué d'une matrice minérale, de type céramique, de structure alvéolaire, définissant des canaux disposés sensiblement parallèlement à la direction générale d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement dans le filtre, et alternativement obturés du côté de la face d'entrée des gaz du filtre et du côté de la face de sortie des gaz du filtre, comme cela est décrit dans le document EP2426326. Solid or liquid particles consisting essentially of carbon-based soot and / or oil droplets may also be emitted. These particles typically have a size between a few nanometers and a micrometer. In order to trap them, a particulate filter consisting of a mineral matrix, of ceramic type, of cellular structure, defining channels arranged substantially parallel to the general direction of flow of the exhaust gases in the filter, and alternatively closed at the inlet side of the filter gases and at the outlet side of the filter gases, as described in EP2426326.
[0005] Le filtre à particules nécessite des régénérations régulières pour ne pas être surchargé. Ces régénérations ont lieu en présence de thermique et d'oxygène. Pour un moteur à essence, une zone importante de fonctionnement moteur permet d'apporter la thermique nécessaire. L'oxygène peut être apporté par des coupures d'injection lors d'un relâchement de l'accélérateur ou lors des passages de rapport. Afin de réaliser les régénérations, la température des gaz d'échappement en entrée du filtre à particules est d'au moins 550°C et le taux d'oxygène en entrée du filtre à particules est d'au moins 2%. [0006] Toutefois, il peut exister des situations pour lesquelles les conditions ne sont pas réunies pendant suffisamment longtemps lors d'un roulage (temps de régénération trop faible, thermique trop faible ou pas assez d'oxygène à l'échappement). Si ces situations se prolongent ou se reproduisent successivement pendant trop longtemps, alors le filtre à particules peut stocker une quantité de particules importante susceptible de détériorer le moteur en cas de régénération. The particulate filter requires regular regeneration to not be overloaded. These regenerations take place in the presence of thermal and oxygen. For a gasoline engine, a large area of engine operation provides the necessary thermal. Oxygen can be provided by injection cuts during a release of the accelerator or during shifts. In order to carry out the regenerations, the temperature of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the particulate filter is at least 550 ° C. and the oxygen level at the inlet of the particulate filter is at least 2%. However, there may be situations for which the conditions are not met for long enough during a taxi (regeneration time too low, too low temperature or not enough oxygen exhaust). If these situations are prolonged or repeated successively for too long, then the particulate filter can store a large amount of particles that can damage the engine in case of regeneration.
[0007] L'invention vise à remédier efficacement à cet inconvénient en proposant un procédé de pilotage d'un moteur thermique, notamment d'un véhicule automobile, relié à une ligne d'échappement comportant un filtre à particules, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte: - une étape de mesure d'une quantité de particules accumulées dans le filtre à particules dans le cas où des conditions de roulage du véhicule automobile sont réunies pour effectuer une telle mesure, The invention aims to effectively remedy this disadvantage by proposing a method for controlling a heat engine, particularly a motor vehicle, connected to an exhaust line comprising a particle filter, characterized in that it comprises: a step of measuring a quantity of particles accumulated in the particulate filter in the case where driving conditions of the motor vehicle are combined to carry out such a measurement,
- une étape de génération d'une information, dite de client critique, dans le cas où les conditions de roulage du véhicule automobile ne sont pas réunies pour effectuer la mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées dans le filtre à particules,  a step of generating information, called critical customer information, in the case where the driving conditions of the motor vehicle are not met to measure the quantity of particles accumulated in the particulate filter,
- et, lorsque la quantité de particules accumulées dépasse un seuil et/ou lorsque l'information, dite de client critique, est générée sur une distance de roulage dépassant un seuil ou pendant une durée dépassant un seuil,  and, when the quantity of accumulated particles exceeds a threshold and / or when the so-called critical customer information is generated over a rolling distance exceeding a threshold or for a duration exceeding a threshold,
- le procédé comporte une étape d'activation d'au moins un mode de reconfiguration du moteur thermique visant à empêcher toute régénération du filtre à particules.  the method comprises a step of activating at least one mode of reconfiguration of the thermal engine aimed at preventing any regeneration of the particulate filter.
[0008] L'invention permet ainsi de prévenir des risques sécuritaires en empêchant la régénération du filtre à particules lorsque la quantité de particules accumulées dépasse un seuil critique ou lorsqu'il n'a pas été possible de déterminer la quantité de particules accumulées sur une distance ou une durée trop importante. [0009] Selon une mise en œuvre, un mode de reconfiguration du moteur thermique consiste à : The invention thus prevents security risks by preventing the regeneration of the particulate filter when the amount of accumulated particles exceeds a critical threshold or when it was not possible to determine the amount of particles accumulated on a distance or too much time. According to one implementation, a reconfiguration mode of the heat engine consists of:
- inhiber des coupures d'injection, ou  - inhibit injection cuts, or
- limiter des performances du moteur thermique, ou  limit the performance of the engine, or
- exploiter un mélange air/carburant riche. [0010] Selon une mise en œuvre, l'inhibition des coupures d'injection est réalisée de façon à interdire toute coupure d'injection non sécuritaire pour éviter un excès d'oxygène à l'échappement permettant d'amorcer la régénération du filtre à particules, c'est-à-dire que l'on évite ainsi que le taux d'oxygène en entrée du filtre à particules atteigne une valeur seuil de l'ordre de 2%. On entend par "de l'ordre de 2%", une variation de plus ou moins 10% autour de cette valeur. - operate a rich air / fuel mixture. According to one embodiment, the inhibition of injection cuts is performed so as to prohibit unsafe injection cuts to avoid excess oxygen to the exhaust to initiate the regeneration of the filter to particles, that is to say that it is thus possible to prevent the oxygen content at the inlet of the particulate filter from reaching a threshold value of the order of 2%. The term "of the order of 2%", a variation of plus or minus 10% around this value.
[001 1 ] Selon une mise en œuvre, lors d'un relâchement de l'accélérateur, on continue d'injecter du carburant de manière à réduire au minimum une quantité d'oxygène pouvant entrer dans le filtre à particules et abaisser une température des gaz d'échappement en entrée du filtre à particules. [001 1] According to one implementation, during a release of the accelerator, fuel is continued to be injected so as to minimize the amount of oxygen that can enter the particulate filter and lower a temperature of the fuel. exhaust gas at the inlet of the particulate filter.
[0012] Selon une mise en œuvre, la limitation des performances du moteur thermique est réalisée de manière à limiter une charge du moteur thermique en fonction d'un régime. Cela permet de limiter les plages de fonctionnement dans lesquelles la température des gaz d'échappement serait trop importante et pourrait amorcer une régénération naturelle, notamment lorsque la température des gaz d'échappement dépasse une valeur de l'ordre de 550°C. According to one embodiment, the limitation of the performance of the engine is performed so as to limit a load of the engine according to a regime. This limits the operating ranges in which the temperature of the exhaust gas would be too high and could initiate a natural regeneration, especially when the temperature of the exhaust gas exceeds a value of the order of 550 ° C.
[0013] Selon une mise en œuvre, une calibration de la charge maximale autorisée en fonction du régime est effectuée en fonction de la température des gaz en amont du filtre à particules de manière à limiter une température des gaz d'échappement en amont du filtre à particules à une température seuil, par exemple de l'ordre de 450°C. According to one embodiment, a calibration of the maximum permissible load as a function of the speed is performed as a function of the temperature of the gases upstream of the particulate filter so as to limit a temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the filter. particle at a threshold temperature, for example of the order of 450 ° C.
[0014] Selon une mise en œuvre, l'exploitation d'un mélange air/carburant riche consiste à appliquer une richesse de mélange air/carburant supérieure à 1 , de manière à limiter une quantité d'oxygène entrant dans le filtre à particules. [0015] Selon une mise en œuvre, la mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées est effectuée à partir d'une mesure d'une variation de pression entre une entrée et une sortie du filtre à particules. According to one embodiment, the operation of a rich air / fuel mixture is to apply a rich air / fuel mixture greater than 1, so as to limit an amount of oxygen entering the particulate filter. According to one embodiment, the measurement of the amount of accumulated particles is performed from a measurement of a pressure variation between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate filter.
[0016] L'invention a également pour objet un calculateur moteur comportant une mémoire stockant des instructions logicielles pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de pilotage du moteur thermique tel que précédemment défini. The invention also relates to an engine computer having a memory storing software instructions for the implementation of the control method of the engine as previously defined.
[0017] L'invention a également pour objet un moteur thermique comportant un calculateur moteur tel que précédemment défini. The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising a motor computer as previously defined.
[0018] L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu'à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention. [0019] La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un moteur thermique avec lequel est mis en œuvre le procédé de pilotage selon la présente invention; The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and the examination of the figures that accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative but not limiting of the invention. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a heat engine with which is implemented the control method according to the present invention;
[0020] La figure 2 est un diagramme des étapes du procédé de pilotage du moteur thermique selon la présente invention; [0021 ] La figure 3 est une représentation graphique illustrant le principe de limitation de couple moteur en fonction du régime moteur et de la température des gaz d'échappement en amont du filtre à particules selon la présente invention. Figure 2 is a diagram of the steps of the driving method of the heat engine according to the present invention; Figure 3 is a graphical representation illustrating the motor torque limitation principle as a function of the engine speed and the temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the particle filter of the present invention.
[0022] La figure 1 représente un moteur thermique 10, par exemple un moteur à essence, notamment destiné à équiper un véhicule automobile. [0023] Le moteur thermique 10 est relié à une ligne d'échappement 12 pour l'évacuation des gaz brûlés produits par le fonctionnement du moteur thermique 10. Figure 1 shows a heat engine 10, for example a gasoline engine, in particular for equipping a motor vehicle. The heat engine 10 is connected to an exhaust line 12 for evacuation of the burnt gases produced by the operation of the heat engine 10.
[0024] La ligne d'échappement 12 comprend un organe 14 de dépollution de polluant gazeux, par exemple un catalyseur d'oxydation, ou un catalyseur trois-voies. Le catalyseur trois voies 14 permet notamment de réduire les oxydes d'azote en azote et en dioxyde de carbone, d'oxyder les monoxydes de carbone en dioxyde de carbone, et les hydrocarbures imbrûlés en dioxyde de carbone et en eau. The exhaust line 12 comprises a member 14 of pollutant gaseous pollutant, for example an oxidation catalyst, or a three-way catalyst. The three-way catalyst makes it possible in particular to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and carbon dioxide, to oxidize carbon monoxides to carbon dioxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water.
[0025] La ligne d'échappement 12 comprend un filtre à particules 16 pour filtrer des particules de suies dans les gaz d'échappement du moteur thermique 10. Le filtre à particules 16 est adapté à la filtration de particules de suies provenant de la combustion d'essence (correspondant ainsi en anglais à un "gasoline particulate filter" abrégé en GPF), qui se différencie des filtres à particules classiques assurant une filtration des particules de suies issues de la combustion du gazole. The exhaust line 12 comprises a particulate filter 16 for filtering soot particles in the exhaust gas of the engine 10. The particulate filter 16 is adapted to the filtration of soot particles from the combustion gasoline (corresponding in English to a "gasoline particulate filter" abbreviated GPF), which differs from conventional particulate filters ensuring filtration of soot particles from the combustion of diesel.
[0026] Dans le filtre à particules 16, les gaz d'échappement traversent la matière composant le filtre à particules 16. Ainsi, lorsque le filtre à particules 16 est formé de canaux, chacun de ces canaux comprend une extrémité bouchée, de sorte que les gaz d'échappement s'écoulant dans le filtre à particules 16 passent de canaux en canaux, en traversant les parois des différents canaux du filtre à particules 16 pour sortir du filtre à particules 16. Le filtre à particules 16 pourra être à base d'une matrice céramique poreuse, par exemple en cordiérite, mullite, titanate d'aluminium ou carbure de silicium. S'il y a lieu, l'organe 14 de dépollution et le filtre à particules 16 pourront être implantés à l'intérieur d'une même enveloppe. [0027] La ligne d'échappement 12 est également munie de deux capteurs 18, 19 de mesure de pression. Un des capteurs 18 est disposé en amont du filtre à particules 16 et l'autre capteur 19 est disposé en aval du filtre à particules 16. Les capteurs 18, 19 de mesure de pression permettent de mesurer une différence de pression entre une entrée et une sortie du filtre à particules 16 à partir de laquelle il est possible de déduire une quantité de particules accumulées. A cet effet, on utilise une cartographie établissant une corrélation, en fonction du débit d'air admis, entre la mesure de variation de pression et la masse en particules dans le filtre à particules 16. In the particulate filter 16, the exhaust gas passes through the material of the particle filter 16. Thus, when the particle filter 16 is formed of channels, each of these channels comprises a plugged end, so that the exhaust gases flowing in the particulate filter 16 pass channel channels, passing through the walls of the different channels of the particulate filter 16 to exit the particulate filter 16. The particulate filter 16 may be based on a porous ceramic matrix, for example made of cordierite, mullite, aluminum titanate or silicon carbide. If necessary, the depollution member 14 and the particulate filter 16 may be implanted within the same envelope. The exhaust line 12 is also provided with two sensors 18, 19 for pressure measurement. One of the sensors 18 is disposed upstream of the particulate filter 16 and the other sensor 19 is disposed downstream of the particulate filter 16. The pressure measuring sensors 18, 19 make it possible to measure a pressure difference between an inlet and a output of the particulate filter 16 from which it is possible to deduce a quantity of accumulated particles. For this purpose, mapping is used which establishes a correlation, as a function of the intake air flow rate, between the measurement of pressure variation and the mass of particles in the particulate filter 16.
[0028] Un calculateur 22 est également prévu pour assurer le pilotage du fonctionnement du moteur thermique 10. Ce calculateur22 comprend une mémoire stockant des instructions logicielles pour la mise en œuvre du procédé détaillé ci-après. A computer 22 is also provided to control the operation of the engine 10. This calculator22 comprises a memory storing software instructions for the implementation of the method detailed below.
[0029] On décrit ci-après, en référence avec les figures 2 et 3, le procédé de pilotage d'un moteur thermique 10 selon l'invention. Described below, with reference to Figures 2 and 3, the control method of a heat engine 10 according to the invention.
[0030] Au cours d'une étape 101 , on mesure une quantité de particules accumulées dans le filtre à particules 16, dans le cas où des conditions de roulage du véhicule automobile sont réunies pour effectuer une telle mesure. La mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées est effectuée à partir de la mesure de variation de pression entre l'entrée et la sortie du filtre à particules 16 réalisée par les capteurs de pression 18, 19. During a step 101, it measures a quantity of particles accumulated in the particulate filter 16, in the case where driving conditions of the motor vehicle are met to perform such a measurement. The amount of accumulated particles is measured from the measurement of pressure variation between the inlet and the outlet of the particulate filter 16 made by the pressure sensors 18, 19.
[0031 ] Dans le cas où les conditions de roulage du véhicule automobile ne sont pas réunies pour effectuer la mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées dans le filtre à particules 16, une information, dite de client critique, est générée dans une étape 102. On considère que les conditions de roulage sont réunies pour permettre la mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées lorsque le débit volumique des gaz d'échappement dépasse un seuil prédéterminé, et que les conditions de roulage ne sont plus réunies pour permettre la mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées lorsque le débit volumique des gaz d'échappement passe en-dessous du seuil prédéterminé. Ce seuil prédéterminé est par exemple compris entre 0,010 m3/s et 0,020 m3/s, et vaut de préférence 0,015 m3/s. In the case where the running conditions of the motor vehicle are not met to perform the measurement of the amount of particles accumulated in the particulate filter 16, a so-called critical customer information is generated in a step 102. It is considered that the rolling conditions are met to allow the measurement of the amount of particles accumulated when the flow rate of the exhaust gas exceeds a predetermined threshold, and that the rolling conditions are no longer met to allow the measurement of the quantity accumulated particles when the volume flow rate of the exhaust gas falls below the predetermined threshold. This predetermined threshold is for example between 0.010 m 3 / s and 0.020 m 3 / s, and is preferably 0.015 m 3 / s.
[0032] Lorsque la quantité de particules accumulées dans le filtre à particules 16 dépasse un seuil et/ou lorsque l'information, dite de client critique, est générée sur une distance de roulage dépassant un seuil ou pendant une durée dépassant un seuil, le procédé comporte une étape 103 d'activation d'au moins un mode de reconfiguration du moteur thermique 10 visant à empêcher toute régénération du filtre à particules 16. Suivant un exemple de mise en œuvre, le seuil critique de quantité de particules accumulées est compris entre 12 et 20 grammes, et vaut de préférence 15 grammes. Le seuil de distance de roulage critique est compris entre 500 km et 2000 km, et le seuil de durée critique est compris entre 4 heures et 15 heures, et vaut de préférence 8 heures. [0033] Plus précisément, un mode de reconfiguration du moteur thermique 10 consiste à inhiber des coupures d'injection, ou limiter des performances du moteur thermique 10, ou exploiter un mélange air/carburant riche. When the amount of particles accumulated in the particulate filter 16 exceeds a threshold and / or when the information, called critical customer, is generated over a rolling distance exceeding a threshold or for a duration exceeding a threshold, the method comprises a step 103 of activating at least one mode of reconfiguration of the heat engine 10 to prevent regeneration of the particulate filter 16. According to an example of setting implemented, the critical threshold of amount of accumulated particles is between 12 and 20 grams, and is preferably 15 grams. The threshold of critical driving distance is between 500 km and 2000 km, and the threshold of critical duration is between 4 hours and 15 hours, and is preferably 8 hours. More specifically, a mode of reconfiguration of the engine 10 is to inhibit injection cuts, or limit the performance of the engine 10, or operate a rich air / fuel mixture.
[0034] L'inhibition des coupures d'injection est réalisée de façon à interdire toute coupure d'injection non sécuritaire pour éviter d'avoir un excès d'oxygène à l'échappement permettant d'amorcer la régénération c'est-à-dire que l'on évite ainsi que le taux d'oxygène en entrée du filtre à particules 16 atteigne une valeur seuil de l'ordre de 2%. Ainsi, lors d'un relâchement d'un accélérateur, au contraire d'un fonctionnement normal, on continue d'injecter du carburant de manière à réduire au minimum une quantité d'oxygène pouvant entrer dans le filtre à particules 16 et abaisser la température des gaz d'échappement en entrée du filtre à particules 16. Inhibition of injection cuts is performed so as to prohibit unsafe injection cuts to avoid having an excess of oxygen in the exhaust to initiate regeneration that is to say say that it is thus avoided that the oxygen input rate of the particulate filter 16 reaches a threshold value of the order of 2%. Thus, during an accelerator release, contrary to normal operation, fuel is still injected so as to minimize the amount of oxygen that can enter the particulate filter 16 and lower the temperature. exhaust gas at the inlet of the particulate filter 16.
[0035] La limitation des performances du moteur thermique 10 est mise en œuvre de manière à limiter une charge du moteur thermique 10 en fonction d'un régime. Cela permet de limiter les plages de fonctionnement dans lesquelles la température des gaz d'échappement serait trop importante et pourrait amorcer une régénération naturelle, notamment lorsque la température des gaz d'échappement dépasse une valeur de l'ordre de 550°C. Une calibration de la charge maximale autorisée en fonction du régime est effectuée en fonction de la température des gaz en amont du filtre à particules 16 de manière à limiter une température des gaz d'échappement en amont du filtre à particules 16 à une température seuil, par exemple de l'ordre de 450°C. [0036] Le champ moteur de la figure 3 illustre ainsi le principe de limitation de couple C en fonction du régime moteur R et de la température T des gaz d'échappement en amont du filtre à particules 16. Ainsi, la zone Z1 de champ moteur pour laquelle la température T des gaz d'échappement est inférieure à 450°C est autorisée en cas de limitation de performances, tandis que le moteur 10 ne sera pas autorisé à fonctionner dans la zone Z2 de champ moteur pour laquelle la température T des gaz d'échappement est supérieure à 450°C. [0037] En fonctionnement normal, un moteur à essence fonctionne à la stœchiométrie, c'est-à-dire une quantité de carburant adaptée à la quantité d'air entrant dans le moteur afin d'avoir une richesse de mélange air/carburant oscillant autour de 1 . Dans le mode de reconfiguration exploitant un mélange air/carburant riche, afin de limiter la quantité d'oxygène entrant dans le filtre à particule 16, le réglage peut être modifié en appliquant une richesse supérieure à 1 , c'est-à-dire une quantité de carburant supérieure à celle correspondant à la stœchiométrie. The limitation of the performance of the engine 10 is implemented so as to limit a load of the engine 10 according to a regime. This limits the operating ranges in which the temperature of the exhaust gas would be too high and could initiate a natural regeneration, especially when the temperature of the exhaust gas exceeds a value of the order of 550 ° C. A calibration of the maximum permissible load as a function of the speed is performed as a function of the temperature of the gases upstream of the particulate filter 16 so as to limit a temperature of the exhaust gases upstream of the particulate filter 16 to a threshold temperature, for example of the order of 450 ° C. The motor field of FIG. 3 thus illustrates the torque limiting principle C as a function of the engine speed R and the temperature T of the exhaust gases upstream of the particulate filter 16. Thus, the zone Z1 of the field engine for which the temperature T of the exhaust gas is less than 450 ° C is allowed in the event of a performance limitation, while the engine 10 will not be allowed to operate in the zone Z2 engine field for which the temperature T of exhaust gas is greater than 450 ° C. In normal operation, a gasoline engine operates stoichiometry, that is to say, a quantity of fuel adapted to the amount of air entering the engine to have a wealth of air / fuel mixture oscillating around 1. In the reconfiguration mode operating a rich air / fuel mixture, in order to limit the amount of oxygen entering the particle filter 16, the setting can be modified by applying a richness greater than 1, that is to say a more fuel than stoichiometry.
[0038] Dans le cadre d'une maintenance du véhicule, lorsqu'un conducteur se présente avec un défaut, dit de client critique, il sera pratiqué une régénération contrôlée du filtre à particules par un opérateur habilité. As part of a vehicle maintenance, when a driver comes with a fault, said critical customer, it will be practiced a controlled regeneration of the particulate filter by an authorized operator.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de pilotage d'un moteur thermique (10) à essence, notamment d'un véhicule automobile, relié à une ligne d'échappement (12) comportant un filtre à particules (16), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte: 1. A method for controlling a gasoline engine (10), in particular a motor vehicle, connected to an exhaust line (12) comprising a particle filter (16), characterized in that it comprises:
- une étape (101 ) de mesure d'une quantité de particules accumulées dans le filtre à particules (16) dans le cas où des conditions de roulage du véhicule automobile sont réunies pour effectuer une telle mesure, a step (101) of measuring an amount of particles accumulated in the particulate filter (16) in the case where driving conditions of the motor vehicle are combined to carry out such a measurement,
- une étape (102) de génération d'une information, dite de client critique, dans le cas où les conditions de roulage du véhicule automobile ne sont pas réunies pour effectuer la mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées dans le filtre à particules (16),  a step (102) for generating a so-called critical customer information in the case where the driving conditions of the motor vehicle are not met to measure the quantity of particles accumulated in the particulate filter (16). )
- et, lorsque la quantité de particules accumulées dépasse un seuil et/ou lorsque l'information, dite de client critique, est générée sur une distance de roulage dépassant un seuil ou pendant une durée dépassant un seuil,  and, when the quantity of accumulated particles exceeds a threshold and / or when the so-called critical customer information is generated over a rolling distance exceeding a threshold or for a duration exceeding a threshold,
- ledit procédé comporte une étape (103) d'activation d'au moins un mode de reconfiguration du moteur thermique (10) visant à empêcher toute régénération du filtre à particules (16) et à prévenir le conducteur dudit véhicule d'un défaut de fonctionnement du moteur thermique (10).  said method comprises a step (103) of activating at least one reconfiguration mode of the heat engine (10) aimed at preventing any regeneration of the particulate filter (16) and preventing the driver of said vehicle from a defect of operation of the engine (10).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'un mode de reconfiguration du moteur thermique (10) consiste à : 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reconfiguration mode of the heat engine (10) consists of:
- inhiber des coupures d'injection, ou - inhibit injection cuts, or
- limiter des performances du moteur thermique (10), ou  limiting the performance of the heat engine (10), or
- exploiter un mélange air/carburant riche.  - operate a rich air / fuel mixture.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'inhibition des coupures d'injection est réalisée de façon à interdire toute coupure d'injection non sécuritaire pour éviter un excès d'oxygène à l'échappement permettant d'amorcer la régénération du filtre à particules (16). 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the inhibition of injection cuts is performed so as to prohibit unsafe injection cuts to avoid excess oxygen to the exhaust to initiate regeneration particulate filter (16).
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, lors d'un relâchement d'un accélérateur, on continue d'injecter du carburant de manière à réduire au minimum une quantité d'oxygène pouvant entrer dans le filtre à particules (16) et abaisser une température des gaz d'échappement en entrée du filtre à particules (16). 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that, during a release of an accelerator, fuel is continued to be injected so as to minimize the amount of oxygen that can enter the particulate filter (16). and lowering a temperature of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the particulate filter (16).
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la limitation des performances du moteur thermique (10) est réalisée de manière à limiter une charge du moteur thermique (10) en fonction d'un régime. 5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the limitation of the performance of the engine (10) is performed so as to limit a load of the engine (10) according to a regime.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une calibration de la charge maximale autorisée en fonction du régime est effectuée en fonction de la température des gaz en amont du filtre à particules (16) de manière à limiter une température des gaz d'échappement en amont du filtre à particules (16) à une température seuil, par exemple de l'ordre de 450°C. 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that a calibration of the maximum permissible load as a function of the speed is performed as a function of the temperature of the gases upstream of the particulate filter (16) so as to limit a temperature of the gases. exhaust system upstream of the particulate filter (16) at a threshold temperature, for example of the order of 450 ° C.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'exploitation d'un mélange air/carburant riche consiste à appliquer une richesse de mélange air/carburant supérieure à 1 , de manière à limiter une quantité d'oxygène entrant dans le filtre à particules (16). 7. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the operation of a rich air / fuel mixture is to apply a rich air / fuel mixture greater than 1, so as to limit a quantity of oxygen entering the particulate filter (16).
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la mesure de la quantité de particules accumulées est effectuée à partir d'une mesure d'une variation de pression entre une entrée et une sortie du filtre à particules (16). 8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the measurement of the amount of accumulated particles is performed from a measurement of a pressure variation between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate filter (16).
9. Calculateur moteur (22) comportant une mémoire stockant des instructions logicielles pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de pilotage du moteur thermique (10) tel que défini selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 9. Engine computer (22) comprising a memory storing software instructions for implementing the driving method of the heat engine (10) as defined in any one of the preceding claims.
10. Moteur thermique (10) comportant un calculateur moteur (22) selon la revendication 9. 10. A heat engine (10) comprising an engine computer (22) according to claim 9.
PCT/FR2018/052162 2017-09-19 2018-09-05 Heat engine control method WO2019058043A1 (en)

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