WO2019057624A1

WO2019057624A1 - Method for producing an open-pore molded body which is made of a metal, and a molded body produced using said method

Info

Publication number: WO2019057624A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/074882
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tilo BÜTTNER; Gunnar Walther; Hans-Dietrich BÖHM; Thomas WEISSGÄRBER; Bernd Kieback; Christian Immanuel Müller; Robin Kolvenbach; Lars Torkuhl
Original assignee: Alantum Europe Gmbh; Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date: 2017-09-19
Filing date: 2018-09-14
Publication date: 2019-03-28
Also published as: EP3684532A1; KR20200127966A; DE102017216569A1; CN111432961A; JP2020534433A; CA3076512A1; US20200263306A1; RU2020111275A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing open-pore molded bodies which are made of a metal. The surface of an open-pore molded body which is made of a metal, said molded body being used as a semi-finished product, is coated with particles of the same metal with which the semi-finished product is also made or with particles of a chemical compound of the metal with which the semi-finished product is made, wherein the compound can be reduced or thermally or chemically decomposed in a thermal treatment, and particles of the respective metal are produced by means of the thermal treatment, said particles being obtained by means of a chemical reduction or a thermal or chemical decomposition. After the coating process, a thermal treatment is carried out, in which the particles are connected to the surface of the semi-finished product and/or adjacent particles such that the specific surface area of the obtained open-pore molded body is increased to at least 30 m²/l and/or at least by a factor of 5 in comparison to the starting material. During the thermal treatment of a coated open-pore molded body, a suitable atmosphere is maintained.

Description

A process for producing an open-pore shaped body formed with a metal and a molded body produced by the process

The invention relates to a method for producing an open-pore shaped body which is formed with a metal and a molded body produced by the method.

It is known to coat metallic porous moldings on their surface, in particular to improve the properties. For this powdery materials are usually used, which are applied by means of a binder or suspension on surfaces of the molding and removed in a heat treatment organic components and then formed at higher temperatures on surfaces of the molding a coating or surface area, which has a different chemical composition than the Material with which the molding was formed have. With these known possibilities, the specific surface of a shaped body can be increased, but this was only possible to a limited extent with the known possibilities.

For many industrial applications, however, very large specific surfaces are advantageous, as is very desirable, for example, in catalytically assisted processes, filtration or even in electrodes in electrochemical applications.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide open-porous moldings of a metallic material which have an increased specific surface area.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Claim 10 relates to a molded article produced by the method. Advantageous embodiments and further developments can be realized with features described in the subordinate claims.

In the invention, open-porous body made of a metallic material are used as semifinished product. This may be a metal grid, a metal net, a metal mesh, a metal foam, a metal garbage or a semi-finished product formed with metallic fibers.

However, the semi-finished product may also be an open-pore shaped body in which a polymer material has been galvanically (electrochemically) coated with a metal. A semifinished product produced in this way can be subjected to a thermal treatment in which the organic and volatile constituents of this polymer are removed as a result of pyrolysis. However, this removal of the organic constituents of a polymer can also take place later with a simultaneous removal of other organic or volatile components, which will be discussed in more detail below.

Before or after this thermal treatment takes place In one embodiment of the invention, a coating of the open-pore body with metallic particles of the same metal material from which the open-porous semi-finished product is made. In this case, the particles should also be introduced into the interior of the shaped body, that is to say into the pores or free spaces of the semifinished product.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, before or after this thermal treatment, particles of a chemical compound of the chemical element with which the open-porous shaped body is formed as semifinished product are coated. The particles mentioned consist of a chemical compound which can be converted by chemical reduction, thermal or chemical decomposition in a thermal treatment in the respective chemical element with which the semifinished product is formed.

The metallic particles of the same metal material with which the open porous semi-finished product has been produced or the particles of a chemical compound of the chemical element which can be converted into the chemical element with which the open-porous shaped body is formed as a semi-finished product can be used for the process the coating can be used as a powder, as a powder mixture, as a suspension or as a dispersion. The coating of the surface of the semifinished product with a powder, a powder mixture and / or a suspension / dispersion can be effected by dipping, spraying, pressure-assisted, electrostatic and / or magnetic.

In further alternatives according to the invention, the powders, powder mixtures, suspensions or dispersions used for the coating of the open-porous semifinished product may contain, in addition to metallic particles or particles of a chemical compound of a metal, an inorganic and / or organic binder which is the powder, the powder mixture, the suspension or dispersion is finely divided in the form of a solid powder, or dissolved in a liquid phase of a solution, a suspension / dispersion of metallic particles or particles of a chemical compound of a metal.

The coating of the surface of the semifinished product with a binder in the form of a solution or a suspension / dispersion can be carried out by dipping or Spraying done. The binder-impregnated open-porous semi-finished product is subsequently coated with a powder or a powder mixture of metallic particles.

By the action of mechanical energy, in particular a vibration, the distribution of powder particles on surfaces wetted with the liquid binder and their adhesion to the surface can be improved.

The application of particles as powder, powder mixture and / or suspension / dispersion can be repeated several times, preferably at least three times, more preferably five times. This also applies to the particular vibration to be performed and possibly the application of a binder.

The coating of the surface of the semifinished product can furthermore be carried out before the thermal treatment in which the organic constituents of the polymeric material with which the semifinished product has been produced are removed. Subsequent to the application of the particle-containing material, a thermal treatment is carried out in which organic and volatile constituents of the polymeric material, and at the same time any binder used, are removed.

After thermal treatment and particle deposition, sintering is carried out in which sintered bridges between the metal particles or after thermal or chemical decomposition, e.g. a chemical reduction, obtained metallic particles and the metallic surface of the open-porous metallic shaped body are formed.

In this case, the specific surface of the thus coated and sintered open-pore shaped body is to be increased to at least 30 m ² / l, however, at least 5 times compared to the starting material of the uncoated metallic molded body as a semi-finished product.

In this case, the porous skeleton with a pore size between 450 pm and 6000 pm and a specific surface area of 1 m ² / l - 30 m ² / l with particles (particle size d ₅₀ between 0.1 μιη to 250 μητι) depending on the application either starting from one side (porosity gradient) or completely filled or the webs of the porous metallic shaped body have been superficially coated.

The coating with particles can be carried out on different sides of the surface, in particular on surfaces of the semifinished product arranged opposite one another, with different amounts in order in each case to obtain a different porosity, pore size and / or specific surface area. This can be achieved, for example, by a different number of application of particles as powder, powder mixture or in suspension / dispersion, with or without binder use, on the surfaces arranged on different sides. Thus, a graded formation of a shaped article produced according to the invention can also be achieved.

The pore size within the applied particle layer of the coated and sintered open-pore shaped body should correspond to a maximum of 10,000 times the particle size used. This can be additionally influenced by the maximum height of the sintering temperature and its holding time, since with increasing temperature and holding time the diffusion-dependent mass transport and thus the sintering, which is accompanied by a reduction of the pore volume, is promoted.

The material with which the shaped body produced according to the invention is formed should contain not more than 3% by weight, preferably not more than 1% by weight of O ₂ . For this purpose, preferably an inert or reducing atmosphere during the execution of the thermal treatment for the removal of organic components, the possibly carried out chemical reduction and / or sintering from affects.

For thermal or chemical decomposition, a suitable atmosphere should be chosen for the thermal treatment used. This can be an inert atmosphere, for example an argon atmosphere, during thermal decomposition. In a reduction, for example, one can use an atmosphere that is formed with hydrogen.

For a chemical decomposition by oxidation are particularly suitable atmospheres, the oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, any mixtures of these gases as also contain any mixtures with inert gases, for example nitrogen, argon or krypton.

In a chemical decomposition, metal cations for the formation of elemental metals can be reduced. The anion component can, however, be oxidized. A chemical decomposition of a compound of noble metals in the elemental metals (Au, Pt, Pd) is also conceivable under air, so rather oxidizing atmosphere. Also, disproportionations modeled on the equation: 2 gel <-> Ge (s) + gel (g) are possible for aluminum, titanium, zirconium and chromium. It is also possible to use crystalline, organometallic complexes or salts thereof in which the metal center is already present in oxidation state 0.

Such an open-porous shaped body produced according to the invention can be used in the field of (i) filtration, as (ii) catalyst (for example in US Pat

Ethylene oxide synthesis - Ag-particle coated Ag foam catalyst), as (iii) electrode material, or as (iv) carrier of a catalytic active substance.

The increase in the specific surface area leads to better filtration performance in application (i), since the adsorption tendency and absorption capacity are significantly increased.

In application (ii), increasing the specific surface area results in a disproportionate increase in catalytic activity, since not only does the number of active sites increase, but the surface has a much more faceted structure. The resulting increased surface energy additionally leads to a significant increase in the catalytic activity compared to the unfaceted surface of the open-pore starting molded article.

In use case (iii), increasing the specific surface area also leads to an increase in active sites, which in combination with the faceted structure of the surface leads to a significant reduction of the electrical overvoltage compared to commercially available electrodes (eg nickel or carbon). As a special case of application, the electric mentioned - eg Ni or Mo foam coated with Ni particles or Mo particles. In particular, in this application can advantageously be used on one side coated with metallic particles, sintered metallic open-porous moldings, since the grading of the pore size ensures a good discharge of the gas bubbles.

In the case of application (iv), increasing the specific surface area leads to an improved adhesion of the active component, e.g. a catalytic washcoat, to the support surface, which significantly increases the mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance of a catalyst material.

Suitable metals for moldings produced according to the invention are: Ni, Fe, Cr, Al, Nb, Ta, Ti, Mo, Co, B, Zr, Mn, Si, La, W, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Zn, Sn, Bi, Ce or Mg. Consequently, in the method according to the invention for the coating of a semifinished product, particles of these elements, corresponding to the respective chemical element with which the semifinished product is formed, can be used.

As chemical compounds of the metals Ni, Fe, Cr, Al, Nb, Ta, Ti, Mo, Co, B, Zr, Mn, Si, La, W, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Zn, Sn, Bi , Ce, Mg, V, which can be converted into particles of the respective metal by thermal or chemical decomposition in a thermal treatment, in particular their oxides, nitrides, hydrides, carbides, sulfides, sulfates, phosphates, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, azides, nitrates, amines, amides, organometallic complexes, salts of organometallic complexes or decomposable salts for the particle-formed material with which the surface of the present as a semi-finished open-porous molded body to be coated in the second alternative according to the invention are used. Particularly suitable as chemical compounds are chemical compounds of: Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, Co, Mn, W, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd or Pt.

In the thermal or chemical decomposition of a chemical compound into the respective metal, until the thermal or chemical decomposition of the chemical compound into the metal has occurred, an atmosphere suitable for the decomposition, which is inert, oxidizing or reducing, is present can, respected. For the chemical reduction of a chemical compound into the respective metal, the thermal treatment, which is to lead to the chemical reduction, may preferably be carried out at least temporarily until the chemical reduction has been carried out in a reducing atmosphere, in particular a hydrogen atmosphere.

Porosity, pore size and specific surface area can be significantly affected by the morphology of the particles used for the coating. To obtain a high specific surface area and a fine porous structure, particles of small size and dendritic form, e.g. Electrolyte powder, advantageous. Due to their irregular geometry, which allows no gap-free arrangement, adjacent particles form free spaces between contact points and particle bodies, which are partially connected to channels. Furthermore, the use of particles of a chemical compound in thermal decomposition or chemical decomposition produces an additional microporous space left by the volatile component. The proportion of the microporous space in the total pore space is higher, the greater the proportion of the volatile component of the chemical compound. For coating with metal oxide particles, therefore, the use of a high oxidation state oxide, and hence a high oxygen content, is advantageous. Since the sintering activity of structures increases with an increase in the specific surface area, the substance-dependent sintering temperature is selected to be so high that the particles sinter themselves mechanically to one another and to the semifinished product, but the fine pores are not substantially compacted.

The invention will be explained in more detail by way of examples. Embodiment 1

The semifinished product was an open-porous shaped body of silver, average pore size 450 μm, with a porosity of about 95%, the dimensions 70 mm × 63 mm, thickness 1.6 mm (produced by electrolytic deposition of Ag on polyurethane foam) is subjected to a thermal treatment subjected to a temperature of at least 400 ° C to the organic components, in particular to remove the polyurethane, carried out.

To increase the specific surface area, a metallic powder is used: - Ag metal powder with a particle size d ₅ o in the range of 3 μm to 9 μm, with a total mass of 2 g.

For coating the surface of the metallic open-pore shaped body as semifinished product, 0.6 g of steramide wax having a particle size <80 μm and a 1% strength aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone having a volume of 6 ml are used as binder. The surface of the semi-finished product is sprayed with the binder solution in the interior of pores before the silver powder is applied to the surface coated with the binder.

Silver powder and the steramide wax were mixed for 10 minutes with a Turbula mixer.

Subsequent to this coating with binder, the open-porous coated molded body was fixed in a vibration device and sprinkled with silver powder on both sides. The vibration distributes the powder evenly throughout the open-porous network. The particles remain only at the

Stick web surface so that the webs are completely covered with powder particles and the open porosity of the foam is maintained. The process is repeated four times. Following this, another thermal treatment for

Debinding and sintering carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere. For this purpose, the oven is heated at a heating rate of 5K / min. The

Debinding begins at about 300 ° C and is completed at 600 ° C and a holding time of about 30 min. The sintering process takes place in the temperature range from 550 ° C to 850 ° C with a holding time of 1 min to 60 min.

During the further thermal treatment, the Ag from the powder particles diffuses into the web material until the powder particles are firmly connected to the webs of the surface of the semifinished product via sintering necks or sinter bridges which form. After the further thermal treatment, the open-porous shaped body consisted of 100% silver. The porosity was about 94%.

The surface of the webs is characterized by a high roughness. The reason for this is that the applied powder particles are connected only via sintered necks or sintered bridges with the metallic carrier foam of the semifinished product, so that the original particle morphology is maintained. The specific inner surface (measured by the BET method) of the finished open-pore molded article could be increased by the process from previously (uncoated state) from 10.8 m ² / l to afterwards (coated state) 99.3 m ² / l ,

Embodiment 2

There was obtained by electroplating a porous foam made of polyurethane open-porous molded body made of silver as a semifinished product with a mean pore size of 450 μιη, a porosity of 95%, the dimensions 70 mm x 63 mm, thickness 1.6 mm of a thermal treatment for removal of the organic components as in the embodiment.

Subsequently, a coating of surfaces of the semi-finished product freed of organic components with a suspension of the following composition:

48% Ag ₂ 0 metal oxide powder <5 μιτι,

1.5% binder polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)

49.5% solvent water

1% dispersing agent

by spraying.

For this purpose, the powdery binder was first dissolved in water and then added all other components and mixed in a speed mixer 2 x 30 s at 2000 rev / min to a suspension.

The semi-finished product was sprayed on both sides several times using a wet powder spray method with the prepared powder suspension. In doing so, the suspension sputtered on in a spraying device and applied on both surfaces on surfaces of the semifinished product. Due to the discharge pressure from the spray nozzle, the suspension is distributed evenly in the porous network of the semifinished product. In this case, the suspension only adheres to the web surface, so that the webs are completely covered with the suspension and the open porosity of the semifinished product is largely retained. The thus-coated semi-finished product was then dried at room temperature in air.

For debinding, reduction and sintering, a thermal treatment was carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere and then in an oven. For this purpose, the oven is heated at a heating rate of 5K / min. The reduction of the silver oxide begins even at below 100 ° C and is completed at 200 ° C and a holding time of about 30 minutes under hydrogen. The remaining debinding and sintering process may then be carried out in an atmosphere containing oxygen, e.g. Air in the temperature range of 200 ° C to 800 ° C at a holding time of 1 min to 180 min to be performed.

During the further thermal treatment, the silver oxide was first reduced to metallic silver, which is nanocrystalline. By the remaining debindering and sintering of the then metallic silver particles to the silver foam webs grow on the one hand, the particles to larger and coarser crystalline conglomerates, on the other hand, the Ag diffused from the powder particles in the web material until the powder particles on themselves forming Sinterhälse or Sinterbrücken fixed to the webs the surface of the open-pore shaped body are connected.

After the further thermal treatment, there is a homogeneous open-pore shaped body which is formed with 100% silver.

The porosity is about 93%.

The surface of the webs is characterized by a high roughness. The reason for this is that the applied powder particles are only connected to the surfaces of the semifinished product via sintered necks / sintered bridges, so that the original particle morphology is retained. The specific inner surface area (measured by the BET method) of the finished open-porous molded article could be determined by the previously performed process

(uncoated condition) 10.8 m ² / l to be subsequently increased (coated condition) to 82.5 m ² / l. Embodiment 3

The semifinished product was an open-pore shaped body made of copper, with an average pore size of 800 μm, with a porosity of about 95%, the dimensions 200 mm × SO mm, thickness 1.6 mm (produced by electrolytic deposition of Cu on PU foam used.

As a powder for the coating of surfaces of the semifinished product electrolytic copper powder type FFL was used, with dendritic form, a mean particle size <63 μηι, a mass of 20 g.

The binder used was a 1% strength aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with a volume of 20 ml.

The semi-finished product formed from copper was sprayed on both sides with the binder solution. Subsequently, the binder-coated semi-finished product was fixed in a vibration device and sprinkled on both sides with the copper powder. The vibration distributes the powder in the porous network of the semifinished product. The binder and powder coating was repeated three times so that the pore space was completely filled.

Debinding and sintering was carried out under a thermal treatment under a hydrogen atmosphere. For this purpose, the oven is heated at a heating rate of 5K / min. The binder removal starts at about 300 ° C and is completed at 600 ° C and a holding time of about 30 min. Thereafter, it is heated to a sintering temperature of 950 ° C and this temperature was maintained for 30 min.

During the thermal treatment, the copper powder particles sinter to one another and to the web material until the powder particles are firmly bonded to the surface of the semifinished product via sintering necks or sinter bridges, whereby a high porosity is maintained and an increase in the specific surface area is achieved. The porosity of the thus treated open-porous molded article is 54% and the specific surface 67 m ² / l. Embodiment 4

The semifinished product was an open-pore shaped body of cobalt, with an average pore size of 580 μm, with a porosity of about 95%, with the dimensions 70 mm × 65 mm, thickness 1.9 mm (produced by electrolytic deposition of Co on PU). Foam, as a powder was co-metal powder with a mean particle size <45 μιη and a mass of 10 g and

Steramidwachs with a particle size <80 μηι a mass of 0.1 g and used as a binder, a 1% aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with a volume of 6 ml.

Cobalt powder and steramide wax were mixed for 10 minutes with a Turbula mixer.

The semi-finished cobalt was sprayed on one side with the binder solution. Then it was fixed in a vibration device and sprinkled on both sides with the cobalt powder. The vibration distributes the powder evenly in the porous network of the semifinished product. The particles only adhere to the web surface, so that the webs are completely covered with powder particles and initially the open porosity of the foam is maintained. In a second step, the surface of the semifinished product is sprayed on a first side so strongly with binder solution that the previously open pores are closed by the binder on one side, being completely filled by the subsequent further powder application of the near-surface pore space. At the opposite side of the semifinished product only the webs are superficially coated. As a result, the powder charge and thus the porosity in the foam is graded from the first side to the opposite side of the semifinished product.

For debindering and sintering, a thermal treatment was carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere. For this purpose, the oven was heated at a heating rate of 5K / min. The binder removal starts at about 300 ° C and is completed at 600 ° C and a holding time of about 30 min. Thereafter, it is heated to a sintering temperature of 1300 ° C and held this temperature for 30 min. During the thermal treatment, the Co diffuses from the powder particles into the web material of the semifinished product until the powder particles are firmly bonded to one another via the sintering necks or sinter bridges forming themselves (in the completely filled regions).

Composition of the ready-made open-pore shaped body of Co was 100%. The porosity is graded over the entire thickness of the molded body, starting from the first side to the opposite side arranged on this side and is about 54% on one side and about 93% on the other side foam. The specific surface area of the finished open-pored shaped article is 69 m ² / L

Exemplary Embodiment 5 (Ni Expanded Grid + Ni Powder - Uniform Coating + Sintering

1. material

The semifinished product was an open-cell nickel expanded metal grid, with a cell size of about 0.7 mm × 2 mm, with the dimensions 75 mm × 75 mm, thickness about 1 mm (produced by ironing an original 0.25 mm thick slotted Ni sheet ), as powder Ni metal powder with a mean particle size <10 μηι, with a mass of 8 g, a steramide wax with a middle

Particle size <80 μιη, a mass of 0.2 g and used as a binder, a 1% aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with a volume of 4 ml.

Powder and steramide wax were mixed for 10 minutes with a Turbula mixer.

The nickel expanded metal grid was sprayed from two opposite sides with the binder solution. Subsequently, the grid was fixed in a vibration device and sprinkled on both sides with the nickel powder. The vibration distributes the nickel powder evenly on the lattice network. The particles only adhere to the lattice web surface, so that the lattice webs are completely covered with powder particles and the open porosity of the expanded metal lattice is maintained. The process was repeated five times repeated.

Debinding and sintering were carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere in a thermal treatment. For this purpose, the oven was heated at a heating rate of 5K / min. The binder removal starts at about 300 ° C and is completed at 600 ° C and a holding time of about 30 min. Thereafter, it was heated to a sintering temperature of 1280 ° C and held this temperature for 30 min.

During the thermal treatment, the Ni diffuses from the powder particles into the grid web material until the powder particles are firmly connected to the grid webs via sintering necks or sinter bridges which form.

The resulting open-porous molded body was 100% nickel.

The surface of the webs is characterized by a high roughness, since the applied powder particles are connected only via sintered necks or sintered bridges with the carrier grid of the semifinished product and with each other, so that the original particle morphology is largely retained. The applied highly porous nickel layer on the webs is between 1 μιη and 300 μιη thick. The porosity within the applied layer is 40%.

Claims

claims

1. A process for producing open-pore shaped bodies, which with a

Metal are formed in which a formed with a metal open-porous moldings as semi-finished at its surfaces with particles of the same metal with which the semifinished product is formed, or with particles of a chemical compound of the metal with which the semifinished product formed in a thermal treatment can be reduced, thermally or chemically decomposed and are formed with the particles of the respective metal obtained by chemical reduction or thermal or chemical decomposition, is coated; and after the coating at least one thermal treatment is carried out, in which the particles are connected to the surface of the semifinished product and / or adjacent particles via sintered necks or sintered bridges, so that the specific surface area of the resulting open-pore shaped body is at least 30 m ² / l and / or at least 5 times compared to the starting material of the uncoated metallic semifinished product, wherein in the thermal treatment of a coated open-pore shaped body with particles of a reducible, thermally or chemically decomposable chemical compound of the metal with which the semifinished product is formed, at least until for reducing or thermally or chemically decomposing the chemical compound into the metal, a reducing or decompressive atmosphere is maintained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the particles of a metal or the particles of a chemical compound of the metal are used as powder, powder mixture and / or suspension / dispersion.

3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the application of the particles of the metal or the particles of the chemical compound of the metal as a powder, powder mixture, suspension and / or dispersion by dipping, spraying, pressure-assisted, electrostatic and / or magnetic ,

4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that an organic and / or inorganic binder in solution, suspension / dispersion or as a powder for improving the adhesion of particles is used.

5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the application of particles of the metal or particles of said chemical compound of the metal is repeated several times, in particular at least three times.

6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that in the case of multiple coating with particles of the metal or particles of the chemical compound of the metal when using a binder, the binder application is repeated several times, in particular at least three times.

7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the application of a binder and the application of the particles of the metal or the particles of the chemical compound of the metal on different sides of the surface, in particular on oppositely disposed surfaces, the semifinished product with a different amount is carried out to obtain there each a different porosity, pore size and / or specific surface area.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as metal for the semifinished product and the applied the particles Ni, Fe, Cr, Al, Nb, Ta, Ti, Mo, Co, B, Zr, Mn, Si, La, W, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Zn, Sn, Bi, Ce or Mg or as a metal for the semifinished product and particles of a reducible, thermally or chemically decomposable compound of this metal, a chemical compound of Ni, Fe, Cr, Al, Nb, Ta, Ti, Mo, Co, B, Zr, Mn, Si, La , W, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Zn, Sn, Bi, Ce or Mg, especially a salt, an oxide, a nitride, a hydride, a carbide, a sulfide, a sulfate, a fluoride, a chloride , a bromide, an iodide, a phosphate, an azide, a nitrate, an amine, an amide, an organometallic complex or a salt of an organometallic complex.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a semi-finished product is used, which has been obtained by electroplating an open-porous body of a polymeric material with the respective metal.

10. Open porous molded body produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped body with sintered necks or sintered bridges with the surface of the semifinished product and / or the surface of adjacent particles associated metallic particles has a specific surface area of at least 30 m ² / l having.

11. Shaped body according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the pore size within the coated and sintered open-pore shaped body corresponds to a maximum of 10,000 times the particle size used.

12. Shaped body according to the two preceding claims, characterized in that in the material of the shaped body a maximum of 3% by mass, preferably at most 1% by mass of oxygen are contained.