WO2019054493A1 - 日射遮蔽微粒子分散体およびその製造方法、日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチ、およびそれを用いた日射遮蔽樹脂成形体、日射遮蔽樹脂積層体 - Google Patents
日射遮蔽微粒子分散体およびその製造方法、日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチ、およびそれを用いた日射遮蔽樹脂成形体、日射遮蔽樹脂積層体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019054493A1 WO2019054493A1 PCT/JP2018/034226 JP2018034226W WO2019054493A1 WO 2019054493 A1 WO2019054493 A1 WO 2019054493A1 JP 2018034226 W JP2018034226 W JP 2018034226W WO 2019054493 A1 WO2019054493 A1 WO 2019054493A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar radiation
- radiation shielding
- resin
- solar
- particles
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- ARWMTMANOCYRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[La] Chemical compound [Ca].[La] ARWMTMANOCYRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 297
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 251
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000235 small-angle X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 71
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 44
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 21
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 15
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 7
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJHFIVUWUURYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[La+3] IJHFIVUWUURYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;1-bromo-3-methanidylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-ethylbutanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-ethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CC JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Substances CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GFMYLYZAYMLEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound C1C(O)=CC=CC1(O)C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GFMYLYZAYMLEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPGRPTCYNLFHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCCC1(O)CC(O)=CC=C1 QPGRPTCYNLFHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-thiodiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001653678 Russula emetica Species 0.000 description 2
- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001278 adipic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011074 autoclave method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRGNPJFAKZHQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethene Chemical group C=C.ClC=C KRGNPJFAKZHQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005027 hydroxyaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009823 thermal lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPFJHNSSBHPYJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methylphenyl) hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(OC(O)=O)=C1 GPFJHNSSBHPYJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVPKLOPETWVKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-tribromoethenylbenzene Chemical compound BrC(Br)=C(Br)C1=CC=CC=C1 JVPKLOPETWVKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKIOSCVVLXTVDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,6-tetrabromocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=C(Br)C=C(Br)C(O)(Br)C1Br ZKIOSCVVLXTVDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCCC KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRVNKFHOCJWEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC1(O)CC(O)=CC=C1 MRVNKFHOCJWEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKPXTMAQTAVHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CC1(O)CC(O)=CC=C1 YKPXTMAQTAVHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLZBUNUDESZERL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-o-heptyl 6-o-nonyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCC DLZBUNUDESZERL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJEYCKQTMDFTAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound C1C(O)=CC=CC1(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CJEYCKQTMDFTAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTMHFTHALYTGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCC1(O)CC(O)=CC=C1 HTMHFTHALYTGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKIWGLCRDMDKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1(O)CC(O)=CC=C1 PKIWGLCRDMDKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYLVUSZHVURAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dibromoethenylbenzene Chemical compound BrC(Br)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CYLVUSZHVURAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDAMBJDFDRLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(O)C(F)=C1F ZSDAMBJDFDRLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFZYRCFPKBWWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetratert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1C(C)(C)C GFZYRCFPKBWWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUELYTMQTXRXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC=C(O)C=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LUELYTMQTXRXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXQGTIUCKGYOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(O)=O OXQGTIUCKGYOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJGHMLJGPSVSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-octanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC YJGHMLJGPSVSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMOONIIMQBGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoethenylbenzene Chemical compound BrC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 YMOONIIMQBGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRCRJFOGPCJKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O XRCRJFOGPCJKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJIDDJAKLVOBSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O VJIDDJAKLVOBSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCZKKZXWDBOGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 XCZKKZXWDBOGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJRNUAVVFBHIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O NJRNUAVVFBHIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNNMNWHCQGBNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tert-butyl-4-[1-(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=1C(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C YNNMNWHCQGBNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTWGCHVHXBORDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-diphenylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KTWGCHVHXBORDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIFGTLMZWBSPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,2-dimethylpropoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 WIFGTLMZWBSPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBNFPRMKLZDANU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(SC=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 IBNFPRMKLZDANU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWXGVUCKVZVSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)sulfinyl-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(S(=O)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 JWXGVUCKVZVSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTEGBRKTHOUETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)sulfonyl-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 XTEGBRKTHOUETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSSGMIIGVQRGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RSSGMIIGVQRGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVVCSFQRAXVPGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCC1 OVVCSFQRAXVPGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHJPJZROUNGTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)octan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(CCCCCC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHJPJZROUNGTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- CYYZDBDROVLTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-Butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CYYZDBDROVLTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1CC(=O)OC1(C)C AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxyflavone Chemical compound C=1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJIUNQZHYLBUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-heptoxy-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O BJIUNQZHYLBUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIUGWVWLEGLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-nonoxy-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O OIUGWVWLEGLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXKCDRRSQHPBOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-o-cyclohexyl 1-o-hexyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 SXKCDRRSQHPBOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl sulfoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910025794 LaB6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QVRLJSJRWZSQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=C(C=C(C=C1C)C(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)O)C)C.OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C)C Chemical compound OC1=C(C=C(C=C1C)C(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)O)C)C.OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C)C QVRLJSJRWZSQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005643 Pelargonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical class O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSRKEDYWZHGEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(8-methylnonyl)phenyl] dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)(O)=O FSRKEDYWZHGEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZZGYOYRKNDAEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca+2].[La+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [Ca+2].[La+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] DZZGYOYRKNDAEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052767 actinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005311 autocorrelation function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUCRFDZUHPMASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chlorophenyl) carbonate Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl MUCRFDZUHPMASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005049 combustion synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SUSAGCZZQKACKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC1C(O)=O SUSAGCZZQKACKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYHYNUWZLKTEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CC(C(O)=O)C1 WYHYNUWZLKTEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC(C(O)=O)C1 XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDKLLWKMYAMLIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CC1 FDKLLWKMYAMLIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYIBPWZEZWVDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl carbonate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 FYIBPWZEZWVDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005028 dihydroxyaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl nonanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGJOUYGWKFYQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HPGJOUYGWKFYQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAEKXTSQRHDMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BAEKXTSQRHDMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGFZVGIDGHAAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 KGFZVGIDGHAAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWCBUHNOZSDFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1CCCC(C(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 UWCBUHNOZSDFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIKQEIDPJGTCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1CCC(C(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 UIKQEIDPJGTCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXZRFCBFKYAVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 UXZRFCBFKYAVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODVYFOLTLWONHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl decanedioate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ODVYFOLTLWONHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFZAVLIRCWVCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl dodecanedioate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZFZAVLIRCWVCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZOYNFRVVHLDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)O GTZOYNFRVVHLDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SUNVJLYYDZCIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N durohydroquinone Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C(C)=C1O SUNVJLYYDZCIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005274 electronic transitions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005338 frosted glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRYDOKOCKWANAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)O SRYDOKOCKWANAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005461 organic phosphorous group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013653 perfluoroalkoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006124 polyolefin elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005574 polyvinylidene vinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006352 transparent thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl phosphite Chemical compound CC(C)OP(OC(C)C)OC(C)C SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
- C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/24—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using solvents or swelling agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/286—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysulphones; polysulfides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
- B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/107—Ceramic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/20—Particles characterised by shape
- B32B2264/201—Flat or platelet-shaped particles, e.g. flakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/20—Particles characterised by shape
- B32B2264/202—Solid spheres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/30—Particles characterised by physical dimension
- B32B2264/301—Average diameter smaller than 100 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/30—Particles characterised by physical dimension
- B32B2264/302—Average diameter in the range from 100 nm to 1000 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/30—Particles characterised by physical dimension
- B32B2264/308—Aspect ratio of particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/40—Pretreated particles
- B32B2264/401—Pretreated particles with inorganic substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/40—Pretreated particles
- B32B2264/402—Pretreated particles with organic substances
- B32B2264/4021—Pretreated particles with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/40—Pretreated particles
- B32B2264/403—Pretreated particles coated or encapsulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/212—Electromagnetic interference shielding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/016—Additives defined by their aspect ratio
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar radiation shielding particle dispersion containing solar radiation shielding particles and a thermoplastic resin, a method for producing the same, a solar radiation shielding particle containing masterbatch, and a vehicle, building, or the like formed into a predetermined shape using the same.
- the present invention relates to a solar radiation shielding resin molded article and a solar radiation shielding resin laminate applied to window materials of houses and the like, roof materials of arcades, domes, and the like.
- Openings such as windows and doors of various buildings and vehicles are made of a transparent glass plate or resin plate in order to take in sunlight.
- sunlight includes ultraviolet rays and infrared rays in addition to visible light, and among infrared rays, near infrared rays with a wavelength of 800 to 2500 nm are called heat rays and cause the room temperature to rise by entering from the opening. Become.
- a solar radiation shielding material that shields heat rays while sufficiently incorporating visible light to maintain brightness and at the same time suppress indoor temperature rise. It is examined and various means for that are proposed.
- hexaboride fine particles having a large amount of free electrons as a component having a solar radiation shielding effect as a means for imparting a solar radiation shielding effect to a transparent resin substrate such as an acrylic plate or a polycarbonate plate.
- a transparent resin substrate such as an acrylic plate or a polycarbonate plate.
- fine-particles were disperse
- distributed was disclosed.
- the optical properties of the solar radiation shielding resin sheet material to which hexaboride microparticles alone or hexaboride microparticles and ITO microparticles and / or ATO microparticles are applied have a maximum of visible light transmittance in the visible light region and a near light It exhibits strong absorption in the infrared region and has a minimum of solar radiation transmittance.
- the visible light transmittance is 70% or more, and the solar radiation transmittance is improved to about 50%.
- thermoplastic resin such as acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, polyetherimide resin, polystyrene resin, polyether sulfone resin, fluorine resin, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, etc. It has been disclosed to apply a heat-ray shielding component-containing masterbatch dispersed in a resin. As a result, it is possible to provide a heat ray shielding transparent resin molded article and a heat ray shielding transparent laminate having a heat ray shielding function and having high transmission performance in the visible light region without using a high-cost physical deposition method or complicated steps. It was possible. Furthermore, according to the heat-ray shielding component-containing masterbatch using boride fine particles surface-treated with at least one selected from silane compounds, titanium compounds, and zirconia compounds, it is disclosed that the water resistance can be further improved. .
- hexaboride particles are mixed with raw materials such as thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, elastomers, fibers, etc., or substrates, films, etc. for optical member applications as coating agents, sealants, etc.
- raw materials such as thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, elastomers, fibers, etc., or substrates, films, etc. for optical member applications as coating agents, sealants, etc.
- grain surface of hexaboride particle is coat
- the present invention has been made focusing on such problems, and the problem to be solved is that the visible light shielding property is high, and at the same time, the solar radiation shielding fine particles and the thermal radiation shielding effect having excellent heat ray shielding effect and stable weather resistance
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solar radiation shielding resin laminate in which a body is laminated to another transparent molding.
- the first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is: A liquid component is heated and removed from the liquid solar radiation shielding particle dispersion in which a mixture of at least one selected from an organic solvent and a plasticizer and the solar radiation shielding particles is dispersed, or the solar radiation shielding particle dispersion. It is a solar radiation shielding particle dispersion in which a powdery solar radiation shielding particle dispersion material is dispersed in a resin component,
- the solar radiation shielding particles are solar radiation shielding particles containing calcium lanthanum boride particles represented by a general formula Ca x La 1-x B m , and the value of x in the general formula is 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.
- a solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion wherein the shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is at least one shape selected from the following 1) and 2).
- the second invention is The solar radiation shielding particle dispersion according to the first invention, wherein the value of x in the above general formula is 0.100 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.625 and the value of m is 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.3. I will provide a.
- the third invention is The solar radiation shielding particle dispersion according to the first or second invention is characterized in that the solar radiation shielding particles are a mixture of two or more kinds of calcium lanthanum boride particles having different values of x in the general formula.
- the fourth invention is A polymer dispersion agent is contained in the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion, The solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion in any one of the 1st to 3rd invention characterized by the above-mentioned is provided.
- the fifth invention is The mixing ratio of the solar radiation shielding fine particles and the polymer based dispersing agent is 0.3 parts by mass or more and less than 20 parts by mass of the polymer based dispersing agent with respect to 1 part by mass of the solar radiation shielding particles.
- the solar radiation shielding particulate dispersion according to the fourth invention is provided.
- the sixth invention is In any of the first to fifth inventions, the solar radiation shielding fine particles have a surface coating layer containing at least one selected from a silicon compound, a titanium compound, a zirconium compound, and an aluminum compound. There is provided a solar shading particulate dispersion as described.
- the seventh invention is It is a solar radiation shielding particle-containing master batch in which the solar radiation shielding particle dispersion according to any one of the first to sixth inventions and a thermoplastic resin are kneaded, and the solar radiation shielding particles are contained in the thermoplastic resin. There is provided a solar control fine particle-containing masterbatch characterized by being uniformly dispersed.
- the eighth invention is Content of the said solar radiation shielding microparticles
- fine-particles with respect to the said thermoplastic resin is 0.01 mass part or more and 20 mass parts or less with respect to 100 mass parts of said thermoplastic resin,
- the solar radiation shielding of 7th invention characterized by the above-mentioned Providing a particulate-containing masterbatch.
- the ninth invention is The thermoplastic resin is polycarbonate resin, (meth) acrylic resin, polyether imide resin, polyester resin, etc., polystyrene resin, (meth) acrylic-styrene copolymer (MS resin), polyether sulfone resin, fluorine-based resin 1 type of resin selected from resin group of resin, vinyl resin, and polyolefin resin, or mixture of 2 or more types of resin selected from the above-mentioned resin group, or 2 or more types selected from the above-mentioned resin group
- the solar-shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch according to the seventh or eighth invention which is any one of the following:
- the tenth invention is The solar-shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch according to any of the seventh to ninth inventions; And a molding material comprising a thermoplastic resin of the same type as the thermoplastic resin contained in the solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch, and / or a molding material comprising a different thermoplastic resin having compatibility,
- the eleventh invention is The solar radiation shielding resin molded article according to the tenth invention is provided, which has a planar or three-dimensional shape.
- the twelfth invention is A solar radiation shielding resin laminate is provided, wherein the solar radiation shielding resin molding according to the tenth or eleventh invention is laminated on another transparent molding.
- the thirteenth invention is A liquid component is heated and removed from the liquid solar radiation shielding particle dispersion in which a mixture of at least one selected from an organic solvent and a plasticizer and the solar radiation shielding particles is dispersed, or the solar radiation shielding particle dispersion.
- a method for producing a solar radiation shielding particle dispersion wherein the powdery solar radiation shielding particle dispersion material is dispersed in a resin component
- the solar radiation shielding particles are solar radiation shielding particles containing calcium lanthanum boride particles represented by a general formula Ca x La 1-x B m , and the value of x in the general formula is 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.
- the value of m is 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.3, and the average dispersed particle diameter is 1 nm or more and 800 nm or less
- the method of manufacturing a solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion is characterized in that the shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is manufactured into at least one shape selected from the following 1) and 2).
- a flat cylindrical cylinder (where the diameter of the base circle is d and the height of the cylinder is h), or a spheroid (where the length of the major axis is d, the length of the minor axis is h) Shape, in which the aspect ratio d / h has a value of 1.5 ⁇ d / h ⁇ 20.
- the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion, the solar radiation shielding fine particle containing masterbatch according to the present invention, and the solar radiation shielding resin molded body obtained by molding them into a predetermined shape, and a solar radiation shielding resin laminate have high visible light region It was provided with transmission performance, low in coloration, low in haze, and at the same time, had excellent solar radiation shielding properties, and had stable weather resistance (oxidation resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance, ultraviolet resistance).
- the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion, the solar radiation shielding fine particle containing master batch, and the solar radiation shielding resin molded article obtained by molding them into a predetermined shape according to the present invention a solar radiation shielding resin laminate [a] Shielding fine particle, [b] method of manufacturing solar radiation shielding fine particle, [c] solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion and method of manufacturing the same, [d] solar radiation shielding fine particle containing master batch and method of manufacturing the same, [e] solar radiation shielding resin molded body and the same It will be described in the order of the manufacturing method, [f] solar radiation shielding resin laminate and its manufacturing method.
- the solar radiation shielding particles according to the present invention are represented by the general formula Ca x La 1-x B m (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.800, 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.3) Solar radiation shielding fine particles containing calcium lanthanum boride fine particles.
- calcium lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention (1) crystal structure, (2) content of Ca [x: 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.800], (3) content of B (boron) [ It will be described in detail in the order of 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.3, (4) shape of fine particles, (5) average dispersed particle diameter of fine particles, and (6) surface treatment of fine particles.
- the crystal structure of hexaboride (general formula MB 6 ) is shown in FIG.
- the hexaboride has a cubic system and a simple cubic structure, and an octahedron formed of six boron atoms 11 is disposed at each vertex of the cube.
- the element M12 is disposed in the central space of a cube surrounded by eight octahedrons formed of boron atoms 11.
- the calcium lanthanum boride according to the present invention has a general formula Ca x La 1-x B m (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.800, 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.3. It is written in).
- space group Pm (-3) m, Bravais lattice has crystal structure of simple cubic structure. Then, Ca or La is disposed at the body-centered position, and an octahedron in which six borons are gathered is disposed at the angular position.
- LaB 6 is a metallic compound having a large amount of free electrons, and when it is miniaturized to a nanoparticulate state, it is possible to resonate and absorb external electromagnetic waves by localized surface plasmon resonance of free electrons. Become. And the solar shading effect of LaB 6 applies this principle.
- the present inventors considered and deepened the effect of replacing the La position in LaB 6 with the alkaline earth element of the group 2 group element.
- a more preferable composition for sufficiently enjoying the high visible light transmittance, which is the effect of the present invention is a Ca content x in the range of 0.100 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.625.
- this composition range in the coating film containing and dispersed the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles, the improvement effect of suppressing the green coloration is remarkable, and at the same time, sufficient infrared absorption characteristics can be exhibited.
- the calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention be used by mixing two or more kinds of calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles having a composition different in the value x of the content of Ca. This is because calcium lanthanum boride fine particles having different values of Ca content x have different absorption wavelengths. Therefore, mixing microparticles having different values of x substantially has the effect of widening the width of the absorption peak wavelength.
- the calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention may contain some unavoidable impurities within the range which is generally industrially practiced.
- small amounts of elements such as Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Sm, Eu, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Sr may be contained as impurities to be substituted at the La position.
- an impurity to be substituted at the B (boron) position a small amount of an element such as C, N or O may be contained.
- it may contain impurities to such an extent that they are introduced in small amounts in other ordinary industrial manufacturing processes.
- the plasma absorption wavelength is increased by about 200 nm from about 600 nm to about 800 nm in the composition range where the value x of Ca content is 0.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5. It is an extent. On the other hand, it was found that when the value x of Ca content is 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0, the rate of change of the plasma absorption wavelength rapidly increases and changes around 2400 nm from around 800 nm to around 3200 nm.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the visible light transmittance of LaB 6 and the cause of coloring can be understood from its electronic structure. That is, a MB 6 material based on a Group 3 element containing LaB 6 (where M is an element selected from Sc, Y, La, and Ac) has a saddle point and an X point in its Brillouin zone. Since it has an electronic structure of wide gap other than that, its permeability should basically be high.
- the gap is narrow, and at the point X, the free electron-like band intersects between the lower conduction band and the upper valence band, causing low energy electron transition, ie, dark coloring there is a possibility.
- the upper part of the valence band is mainly a 2p orbital of boron
- the lower part of the conduction band is a hybrid orbital of a 5d orbital of La and a 2p orbital of boron.
- the present inventors have based on the above findings, we examined the effect of improving the visible light transmittance due to yet another element added to the LaB 6.
- SrB 6 and BaB 6 based on group 2 elements as additive elements it was found that 3d and 4d electrons form hybrid orbitals with boron 2p electrons, respectively, to similarly produce visible light transmission.
- the energy of boron 2p electrons in the valence band is relatively low, and the band gap formed between the Ca 3 d orbitals is relatively broadened, and The d-p type is newly clarified to have a distribution form of electronic transition somewhat different.
- the present inventors have found that the special visible light transmission improvement by the addition of Ca to LaB 6 in the calcium lanthanum boride according to the present invention is the 3d orbit of Ca and B (around The idea is that it is thought that it originates in the hybrid band with the 2p orbital of boron).
- the relationship between infrared absorption by visible light absorption and visible light transmission will be described.
- the magnitude of plasma absorption decreases with decreasing free electron density.
- the free electron amount decreases with the decrease of La, the absorption peak tends to be smaller as the value x of the Ca content is larger.
- the larger the Ca content value x the larger the visible light transmittance, and therefore, a larger amount of calcium lanthanum boride fine particles can be introduced into the film.
- the boride fine particles represented by the general formula MB m include borides represented by MB 4, MB 6, MB 12 and the like, and B (boron) as the solar radiation shielding boride fine particles It is important that the value of the atomic ratio m of is 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.3.
- m ⁇ 5.0 generation of MB, MB 2 and the like is suppressed, and the solar radiation shielding property is improved.
- m ⁇ 6.3 generation of boron oxide particles other than boride fine particles is suppressed.
- MB 6 is the main component of the above-mentioned borides as the solar radiation shielding boride fine particles. However, some of them may include MB 4 and MB 12 .
- the value of m which is the atomic ratio value of B (boron)
- m slightly fluctuates from 6 when wet analysis is performed, and a slight amount of other phases may be included.
- those phases are LaBO 3 and B 2 O 3 , which are considered to be generated as reaction products when the raw material absorbs water in the air.
- the main factor of the solar radiation shielding effect is MB 6 fine particles, and it is important that 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.3, including the composition fluctuation of the boride fine particles themselves.
- the shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particle which is the solar radiation shielding fine particle according to the present invention is approximately a disk shape, a flat plate shape, a flat shape, a pancake shape, or a flat disk shape spheroid It is characterized by being a body.
- the fine particle shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention is characterized by being at least one shape selected from the following 1) and 2).
- the scattering vector q 4 ⁇ sin ⁇ / ⁇ and the scattering intensity I (q) It is preferable that the value of the slope Ve of the straight line obtained by double-log plotting the relationship of ⁇ 3.8 ⁇ Ve ⁇ ⁇ 1.5, more preferably ⁇ 3.8 ⁇ Ve ⁇ ⁇ 2.0 It is.
- the measurement by the small-angle X-ray scattering method is the case where the scattered X-rays are observed at a position at an angle 2 ⁇ from the incident X-rays incident on the fine particles.
- coarse-grained structural information can be obtained from scattered X-rays with small scattering angles, and structural information with higher spatial resolution can be obtained from scattered X-rays with large scattering angles.
- the scatterer is in the form of particles, the structure of atoms and molecules in the particle, the structure of the particle surface (smoothness and density, etc., as the scattering angle 2 Scattering is observed corresponding to the structural information observed on a larger scale, such as the profile), particle shape, and particle size.
- the scattering intensity I (q) is the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the electron density distribution
- the scattering function of a scatterer having an arbitrary shape can be specifically calculated.
- the square of the scattering amplitude of this scattering function is the scattering intensity.
- the scattering intensity is calculated, and the scattering intensity I (q) and the scattering vector q are indices
- the rule holds. Therefore, rough shape information of the scatterer can be obtained by taking a double-logarithmic plot of the scattering intensity I (q) and the scattering vector q and determining the slope of the plot.
- the inclination of the plot is "in the case of a sphere: the inclination is -4, in the case of an infinitely thin long bar: the inclination is -1", in the case of an infinitely thin disc: The slope is known to be -2.
- the scattering intensity of the fine particles diluted and dispersed in IPA is measured using the above X-ray small angle scattering method. It is possible to evaluate the particle shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles by plotting the relation between the) and the scattering vector q in a logarithmic manner and calculating the slope of the plot.
- the localized surface plasmon resonance effect changes the resonance wavelength according to the shape of the particle.
- the absorption wavelength is obtained at the shortest wavelength.
- the absorption wavelength shifts to the long wavelength side and the absorption wavelength is the minor axis. And split into a short wavelength peak corresponding to the resonance of and a long wavelength peak corresponding to the resonance at the major axis.
- the short wavelength peak corresponding to the resonance in the short axis is relatively smaller than the long wavelength peak corresponding to the resonance in the long axis.
- the short wavelength peak disappears and the long wavelength peak becomes one large broad peak. Therefore, in terms of near-infrared absorption performance, the disk-like fine particles are preferable because the plasmon resonance wavelength shifts to the long wavelength side compared to the case of the spherical fine particles, and large near-infrared absorption is obtained.
- the present inventors have conceived of a preferable shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particle according to the present invention from the relationship between the calcium lanthanum boride fine particle and the resonance wavelength of the localized surface plasmon resonance.
- the scattering intensity of the fine particles diluted and dispersed in a solvent is measured using small-angle X-ray scattering
- the particle shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles does not become spherical, and the collective effect of shape anisotropy increases. For this reason, the bandwidth of plasmon absorption is broadened, and the near infrared absorption effect is increased.
- the inclination Ve is -1.5 or less, the particle shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles does not become rod-like (needle-like, rod-like).
- the resonance in the long axis direction becomes strong
- the resonance in the short axis direction becomes weak
- the split of the resonance wavelength does not become remarkable, and the near infrared absorption effect increases.
- the resonance wavelength in the minor axis direction is out of the visible light range, the visible light transmittance does not decrease, which causes no coloring (coloring of the film).
- the preferred shape of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particle 2) is a flat cylindrical (where the diameter of the bottom circle is d and the height of the cylinder is h), or a spheroid (however, The length of the major axis is d, and the length of the minor axis is h). It is important that the aspect ratio d / h is 1.5 ⁇ d / h ⁇ 20 in the plate-like cylinder or the spheroid.
- LaB 6 nanoparticles include disk-like particles having various d / h values (where the major axis length is d and the minor axis length is h) It has been found that the plasmon absorption bandwidth actually spreads more than seven times as large as the plasmon absorption bandwidth of the population of uniformly spherical LaB 6 nanoparticles.
- the calcium lanthanum boride fine particle having the composition of the content x of Ca according to the present invention becomes a disc shape
- the peak of the absorption wavelength is d / h of the disc shape (long axis length d, short axis According to the length ratio h)
- it is characterized in that it shifts to a wavelength longer by several hundred nm than in the case of spherical fine particles. Therefore, for the disk-shaped calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles, it is important to add the above-mentioned optimum elemental composition in consideration of the shape factor.
- the calcium-lanthanum-borate fine particles according to the present invention are disk-like fine particles, and are flat cylindrical (where the diameter of the bottom circle is d and the height of the cylinder is h), or the spheroid
- the aspect ratio d / h is 1.5 ⁇ d / h ⁇ 20 in the body (where the length of the major axis is d and the length of the minor axis is h).
- the particle shape of calcium lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention when it is in the above range, it has been known conventionally as having sufficient characteristics as a heat ray shielding material for widely shielding heat ray components contained in sunlight. The visible light transmittance can be improved more than the heat ray shielding material.
- the average dispersion particle size of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention is preferably 800 nm or less.
- the average dispersed particle size is 800 nm or less, when the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles are used as the calcium lanthanum boride fine particle dispersion described later, light is not completely blocked by scattering, and visual recognition in the visible light region It is because it is possible to secure gender and at the same time secure transparency.
- the average dispersed particle size of calcium lanthanum boride fine particles means the average dispersed particle size of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles in the dispersion liquid by the dynamic light scattering method (FFT-power spectrum method). Is the value of In the present invention, the average dispersed particle size may be simply described as "average particle size”.
- the average dispersed particle size is preferably 100 nm or less. The reason for this is that if the mean dispersed particle size of the fine particles is small in the calcium lanthanum boride particle dispersion liquid or the calcium lanthanum boride particle dispersion described later, visible light in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 780 nm by geometrical scattering or Mie scattering. This is because the scattering of light in the ray region is reduced. As a result of the reduction of the light scattering, it is possible to avoid that the fine particle dispersion becomes like frosted glass and the clear transparency can not be obtained.
- the average dispersed particle size of the calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles is 100 nm or less, the geometric scattering or Mie scattering is reduced, and the area is in which the Rayleigh scattering is strong.
- the scattering decreases with the decrease of the average dispersed particle diameter of the fine particles, and the transparency is improved.
- the average dispersed particle size of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is 50 nm or less, the scattered light is extremely reduced, which is particularly preferable. From the viewpoint of avoiding light scattering, it is preferable that the mean dispersed particle size of the calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles be smaller. If the mean dispersed particle size is 1 nm or more, industrial production is not difficult.
- Calcium lanthanum boride fine particles basically have a very stable property to irradiation of ultraviolet light and sunlight as a characteristic of the inorganic material. That is, there is almost no change in the material properties upon irradiation with ultraviolet light or sunlight, and almost no deterioration of color or various functions occurs.
- the crystal structure in which La and Ca ions are surrounded by the basic skeleton of the strongly covalently bonded B 6 octahedron is very stable. Therefore, even nano-sized fine particles have sufficient practical resistance to moisture, or a co-attack of ultraviolet light and moisture. As a result, it can be said that basically, it has extremely stable weather resistance (oxidation resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance, ultraviolet resistance).
- the surface of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is selected from a silicon compound, a titanium compound, a zirconium compound, an aluminum compound, more specifically, silicon, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, using an appropriate alkoxide or the like.
- a surface coating layer containing an oxide and / or a nitride containing any one or more elements By coating with a surface coating layer containing an oxide and / or a nitride containing any one or more elements, the weather resistance and chemical resistance of the fine particles can be further improved.
- the surface of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is coated with a surface coating layer containing a silicon compound, it is useful to use a silane compound.
- the surface is not oxidized, but usually it is often slightly oxidized.
- the detailed composition of the oxidized surface is not clear, it is considered that the phase in which La and Ca elements are slightly contained in amorphous boric acid B 2 O 3 is the property of the outermost surface.
- the calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention can obtain a larger near-infrared shielding effect as the completeness as a crystal is higher.
- the crystallinity is low and X-ray diffraction produces a broad diffraction peak
- the basic bond inside the fine particle is formed by binding each metal element to the skeleton of hexaboride.
- the near infrared shielding effect is expressed, if any. Therefore, it can be used in the present invention.
- Solid Phase Reaction Method for example, the solid phase reaction method by B 4 C reduction described in Non-Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 4 can be used by modification.
- the oxide raw materials La 2 O 3 and CaO are mixed with B 4 C and reacted at high temperature in vacuum or in an inert gas.
- the calcium lanthanum boride Ca x La 1-x B m can be obtained by the reduction action of B 4 C.
- the firing temperature is as high as 1500 to 1600 ° C., the obtained Ca x La 1-x B m particles become coarse.
- the particle diameter is required to be sufficiently smaller than the visible light wavelength. Therefore, it is important to finely pulverize the coarsened calcium lanthanum boride fine particles by a mechanical method using a jet mill, a ball mill, an attritor, a bead mill, a paint shaker, etc.
- NaBH 4 sodium borohydride NaBH 4 as a B (boron) raw material as another method in the case of using a solid phase reaction method for producing calcium lanthanum boride.
- NaBH 4 not only provides a boron source, but It decomposes into NaBH 4 (s) ⁇ NaH (s) + BH 3 (s) at 460 ° C, and forms BH 3 (s) ⁇ B (s) + H 2 (g) at 506 ° C to form a gas phase .
- the element diffusion is significantly promoted and the diffusion of B is also promoted, and Ca and La uniformly form Ca x La 1 -x B m which occupies the body center position of the simple cubic lattice formed by B 6 octahedra. I can do it. It is also possible to set the firing temperature to 1300 ° C. or lower depending on the configuration. In addition, in order to promote reduction in the solid phase reaction method, it is also preferable to add metal powder such as Mg. The large heat of reaction generated by the reduction reaction according to the configuration also has the effect of promoting the reaction of generating Ca x La 1-x B m .
- the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention can also be obtained by the CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- This method is a method of obtaining a boride by hydrogen reduction of a metal halide.
- LaCl 3 (lanthanum chloride) or CaCl 2 (calcium chloride) can be suitably used as a compound containing La or Ca.
- a compound containing boron for example, BCl 3 (boron trichloride) can be suitably used.
- the raw material, hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas are introduced into the reaction furnace and heated to a high temperature, and then boron trichloride gas is introduced to react.
- LaB 6 single crystal or CaB 6 single crystal may be used as a reaction substrate.
- the deposited Ca x La 1 -xB m reactant can be stripped from the substrate and washed to obtain calcium lanthanum boride microparticles. It is important that the obtained calcium lanthanum boride fine particles be finely pulverized into nanoparticulates by a mechanical method using a jet mill, ball mill, attritor, bead mill or the like. It is also possible to obtain nano-sized calcium lanthanum boride fine particles directly by adjusting the CVD reaction conditions.
- the calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention can also be obtained by direct reaction between elements. That is, high purity boride can be obtained by reacting calcium metal and lanthanum metal with boron at a high temperature of 1700 ° C. or higher. However, the raw materials are very expensive and generally not industrial.
- the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention can also be produced by a thermal plasma method. According to this method, it is possible to directly produce fine nano-sized particles by reacting the raw materials in a thermal plasma reactor.
- the thermal plasma method is characterized in that almost no lattice defects are introduced into the fine particles, since the mechanical crushing step required in the final step of the above-mentioned method can be omitted. When the number of lattice defects is small, the relaxation time of free electrons is increased, so that the near infrared absorption wavelength is shifted to the short wavelength side.
- thermal plasma method for example, any of direct current arc plasma, high frequency plasma, microwave plasma, low frequency alternating current plasma, or a superposition of these plasmas, or an electric field obtained by applying a magnetic field to direct current plasma
- a plasma generated by any method a plasma generated by irradiation of a high power laser, a plasma generated by a high power electron beam or an ion beam.
- Whichever thermal plasma method is used it is a thermal plasma having a high temperature portion of 10000 to 15000K.
- the plasma be capable of controlling the generation time of the ultrafine particles.
- the raw material supplied into the thermal plasma having the high temperature part evaporates instantaneously in the high temperature part. Then, the evaporated raw material is condensed in the process of reaching the plasma tail flame and is rapidly solidified outside the plasma flame to generate calcium lanthanum boride fine particles.
- the synthesis method will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 by taking the case of using a high frequency thermal plasma reaction apparatus as an example.
- the inside of the reaction system constituted by the water-cooled quartz double pipe and the inside of the reaction vessel 26 is evacuated by an evacuation device, and then the inside of the reaction system is filled with argon gas.
- any gas selected from argon gas, mixed gas of argon and helium (Ar-He mixed gas), or mixed gas of argon and nitrogen (Ar-N 2 mixed gas) as plasma gas in the reaction vessel Are introduced from the plasma gas supply nozzle 24.
- an Ar—He mixed gas is introduced from a sheath gas gas supply nozzle 23 as a sheath gas to flow immediately outside the plasma region.
- an alternating current is applied to the high frequency coil 22 to generate a thermal plasma 21 by a high frequency electromagnetic field (for example, a frequency of 4 MHz).
- an argon gas supplied from a gas supply device (not shown) as a raw material is introduced from a raw material powder supply nozzle 25 into a thermal plasma as a carrier gas to carry out a reaction for a predetermined time.
- the formed calcium lanthanum boride fine particles pass through the suction pipe 27 and are deposited on the filter 28, so that they are collected.
- the plasma gas has a function of maintaining a thermal plasma region having a high temperature portion of 10000 to 15000 K, and the sheath gas has a function of cooling the inner wall surface of the quartz torch in the reaction vessel to prevent melting of the quartz torch. Further, since the plasma gas and the sheath gas affect the shape of the plasma region, it is possible to control the shape of the plasma region by adjusting the flow rates of these gases. In addition, it is important to control the generation time of the generated fine particles by adjusting the carrier gas flow rate and the raw material supply rate.
- Calcium lanthanum boride fine particles can be synthesized also by molten salt electrolysis method, combustion synthesis method, solvothermal method, autoclave method, wet method and the like.
- the method of producing calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is not limited to the above-mentioned production method, and any method can be used as long as it can produce calcium lanthanum boride fine particles according to the present invention.
- the particle shape and size of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles produced by the production methods described in the above (1) to (5) can be controlled in various production steps of the fine particles.
- it is controlled according to the pulverizing method.
- Calcium lanthanum boride is very hard due to the strong covalent backbone of B (boron) and special methods are needed for grinding.
- B boron
- special methods are needed for grinding.
- the grinding mode differs depending on the bead type and bead size, and the gradual conversion of the grinding mode also occurs at the early and late stages of grinding.
- the solar radiation shielding particle dispersion according to the present invention comprises at least one selected from organic solvents and plasticizers, and the solar radiation shielding particles provided with the above-mentioned excellent solar radiation shielding characteristics. Is dispersed in a resin component, or a liquid solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion in which a mixture of these is dispersed, or a powdery solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion obtained by heating and removing a liquid component from the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion. It is formed.
- a solar radiation shielding resin molded article in which solar radiation shielding particles are dispersed in a resin component can be produced using the solar radiation shielding particle dispersion.
- the above-mentioned solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion is not only a powdery one obtained by heating and removing the solution component by a known method, but also a liquid one which does not remove the solution component added in the grinding and surface treatment step as described above. Also, it may be dispersed in a raw material or in a plasticizer according to the resin used for the solar radiation shielding resin molded product.
- the organic solvent and plasticizer used here are not particularly limited, and can be selected according to the conditions for forming the resin to be blended, etc., and general organic solvents and plasticizers can be used. Further, the pH may be adjusted by adding an acid or an alkali as necessary.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for a thermoplastic resin, and it may be a commonly used known plasticizer.
- an organic ester plasticizer synthesized from a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid, or a phosphoric acid plasticizer such as an organic phosphoric acid or organic phosphorous acid can be used.
- Organic ester compounds synthesized from a polyhydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid are preferred.
- organic ester plasticizers as an ester compound synthesized from polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid, for example, glycol such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, examples thereof include glycol esters obtained by reaction with organic acids such as 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptanoic acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexylic acid, pelargonic acid (n-nonylic acid) and decylic acid.
- organic ester compounds and the like obtained by the reaction of an organic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid with a linear or branched alcohol having 4 to 8 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- organic ester plasticizer examples include triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl hexoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octoate, Triethylene glycol di-n-heptoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2 -Ethyl butyrate, 1,4-propylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,2-butylene glycol di-2-ethylene butyrate, diethylene glycol di- 2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl hexoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-e
- phosphoric acid plasticizer for example, tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphite and the like can be mentioned.
- dihexyl adipate DHA
- triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate 3GO
- tetraethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate 4GO
- triethylene glycol -Di-2-ethyl butyrate 3GH
- tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate 4 GH
- tetraethylene glycol di-heptanoate 4G7
- triethylene glycol di-heptanoate (3G7) At least one selected from the group consisting of
- These plasticizers have various properties such as compatibility with the above-mentioned resin, cold resistance, etc.
- thermoplastic resin contained in the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion in a well-balanced manner when a polyvinyl acetal resin is used as the thermoplastic resin contained in the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion. And, it is excellent in processability and economy, and when an adhesive force regulator is used in combination with an organic acid such as carboxylic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or a metal salt of an inorganic acid such as nitric acid, polyvinyl acetal resin as a thermoplastic resin. It is possible to prevent the deterioration of the adhesion between the heat ray shielding film containing the Furthermore, it is suitable because prevention of whitening and prevention of a time-lapse adhesive power fall can be made to make compatible.
- the metal salt such as carboxylic acid as the adhesion regulator is preferably a magnesium salt or potassium salt as described later.
- content of the plasticizer in the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion it is preferable that they are 150 mass parts or more and 4000 mass parts or less with respect to 100 mass parts of calcium lanthanum boride microparticles
- the content of the plasticizer is 150 parts by mass or more, the dispersibility of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is secured, so that the visible light transmittance of the interlayer for laminated glass using the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion can be secured. , Haze can also be suppressed.
- the content of the plasticizer is 4,000 parts by mass or less, the life of the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion can be secured.
- the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion prefferably contains a polymeric dispersing agent.
- the mixing ratio of the solar radiation shielding fine particles to the polymer dispersing agent is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more and less than 20 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the solar radiation shielding particles. If the polymer dispersant is 0.3 parts by mass or more with respect to 1 part by mass of the solar radiation shielding fine particles, aggregation and the like can be avoided when introducing the solar radiation shielding fine particles into the organic solvent, the plasticizer and the resin. As a result, the haze of the solar radiation shielding particle dispersion can be suppressed.
- the amount is less than 20 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the solar radiation shielding fine particles, the polymer dispersant in the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion does not become excessive, and the weather resistance of the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion is not adversely affected. .
- a polyacrylate type dispersing agent used when obtaining the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion
- a polyacrylate type dispersing agent used when obtaining the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion
- a polyacrylate type dispersing agent used when obtaining the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion
- a polyacrylate type dispersing agent used when obtaining the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion
- a polyurethane type dispersing agent a polyether type dispersing agent
- a polyester type dispersing agent a polyester urethane type dispersing agent, etc.
- SN Thickener A-801 SN Thickener A-801, SN Thickener A-801, SN Thickener A-802, SN Thickener A-803, SN Thickener A-804, SN Thickener A -80, trade name manufactured by Enomoto Chemical Industries, Ltd .: DISPARLON DA234, DISPARLON DA 325, etc. (DISPARLON is a registered trademark).
- polyester-based dispersant trade names of Solsperse 22000, Solsperse 24000SC, Solsperse 24000GR, Solsperse 2000, Solsperse 27000, Solsperse 28000, Solsperse 3000, Solsperse 300, Solsperse 300, Solsperse 38500 (Solsperse are registered trademarks) manufactured by Avecia, Inc. Examples include DISPARLON DA70350, DISPARLON DA 705, DISPARLON DA 725, DISPARLON DA 860, DISPARLON DA 873N, etc. (DISPARLON is a registered trademark).
- the state of the polymer dispersant at normal temperature can be used in any of liquid, solid and gel.
- resin used for a solar radiation shielding resin molded object is polycarbonate resin
- a powdery solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion is added to the bivalent phenol used as the raw material of resin, and it melt-mixes. Then, by reacting with a carbonate precursor exemplified by phosgene, it is possible to prepare a solar radiation shielding particle dispersion in which solar radiation shielding particles are uniformly dispersed in a resin.
- the resin used for the solar radiation shielding resin molded product is an acrylic resin
- a liquid solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion is added to methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate or the like which is a raw material of the acrylic resin. Mix uniformly by method. Then, by polymerizing by a known method such as suspension polymerization or soul-like polymerization, it is possible to prepare a solar radiation shielding particle dispersion in which solar radiation shielding particles are uniformly dispersed in an acrylic resin.
- the sunlight shielding fine particles containing the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles not subjected to the dispersion treatment may be dispersed uniformly in the thermoplastic resin, and the method is not limited to the method described above.
- thermoplastic resin Any method may be used as long as the above-mentioned solar radiation shielding fine particles can be dispersed uniformly.
- the above-mentioned solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion and powder or pellet of thermoplastic resin and, if necessary, other additives a ribbon blender, tumbler, Nauta mixer, Henschel mixer, super mixer, planetary mixer, etc.
- thermoplastic resin using a mixer such as a Banbury mixer, a kneader, a roll, a kneader ruder, a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder, etc. to uniformly melt and mix the thermoplastic resin using a method of removing the solvent. It is possible to prepare a mixture in which the solar radiation shielding particles are uniformly dispersed. Furthermore, the solvent of the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion containing the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles is removed by a known method, and the powder and the powder or pellet of the thermoplastic resin obtained, and other additives as required. It is also possible to prepare a mixture in which the solar radiation shielding fine particles are uniformly dispersed in the thermoplastic resin using a method of uniformly melt-mixing the above.
- a mixer such as a Banbury mixer, a kneader, a roll, a kneader ruder, a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder,
- thermoplastic resins such as azo dyes, cyanine dyes, quinoline dyes, perylene dyes, carbon black, etc.
- dyes that are generally used for coloring thermoplastic resins such as azo dyes, cyanine dyes, quinoline dyes, perylene dyes, carbon black, etc.
- pigments can be blended.
- hindered phenol type, phosphorus type stabilizers, mold release agents, hydroxybenzophenone type, salicylic acid type, HALS type, triazole type, triazine type ultraviolet absorbers, coupling agents, surfactants, antistatic An effective expression amount of an agent, etc. can be blended.
- the mixture thus obtained is kneaded with a vented uniaxial or twin screw extruder, and processed into pellets, for example, to obtain the solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch according to the present invention.
- the pellets can be obtained by the most common method of cutting melt extruded strands. Accordingly, examples of the shape thereof include a cylindrical shape and a prismatic shape. Moreover, it is also possible to adopt a so-called hot cut method in which the molten extrudate is directly cut. In such a case, it is general to adopt a near spherical shape.
- the solar radiation shielding microparticle-containing masterbatch according to the present invention can take any form or shape. However, it is preferable to adopt the same form and shape as the thermoplastic resin molding material used for dilution of the solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch when molding the solar radiation shielding resin molded body.
- the content of the solar radiation shielding particles with respect to the thermoplastic resin is 0.01 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. 0.1 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less.
- the content of the solar radiation shielding fine particles is 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin, the aggregation of the solar radiation shielding fine particles does not occur, and the dispersion of the solar radiation shielding microparticles in the resin becomes sufficient. The haze value of the shielding transparent resin molding is suppressed.
- the occurrence of dilution unevenness when diluting and kneading the solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch with the thermoplastic resin molding material is suppressed.
- the content of the solar radiation shielding fine particles is 0.01 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin, although depending on the thickness of the solar radiation shielding transparent resin molding to be formed, the transparent resin molding to be formed Even a film with a body of 100 ⁇ m or less can provide sufficient solar radiation shielding ability.
- thermoplastic resin used for the solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a transparent thermoplastic resin having a high light transmittance in the visible light region.
- a transparent thermoplastic resin having a high light transmittance in the visible light region For example, when it is set as a plate-shaped molded object with a thickness of 3 mm, those having a visible light transmittance of 50% or more according to JIS R 3106 and a haze value of 30% or less according to JIS K 7105 may be mentioned.
- polycarbonate resin (meth) acrylic resin, polyether imide resin, polyester resin, etc.
- polystyrene resin (meth) acrylic-styrene copolymer (MS resin)
- polyether sulfone resin fluorine resin 1 type of resin selected from the resin group of vinyl resin and polyolefin resin, or a mixture of 2 or more types of resin selected from the above resin group, or 2 or more types selected from the above resin group
- resin copolymers include resin copolymers.
- polystyrene resin The following are representative resins: (1) polycarbonate resin, (2) acrylic resin, (3) polyester resin, (4) polyether imide resin, (5) polystyrene resin, (6) (meth) acrylic-styrene copolymer
- the polymer (MS resin), (7) fluorocarbon resin, (8) vinyl resin, and (9) polyolefin resin will be described in this order.
- polycarbonate resin aromatic polycarbonate is preferable.
- aromatic polycarbonate include dihydric phenol compounds represented by 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
- examples of the dihydric phenol compounds include bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, and the like. , 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) octane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylmethane, 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane 2,2 bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-t-butylphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-bromophenyl) ) Bis (hydroxyaryl) aryl such as propane and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane Bis (hydroxyaryl) cycloalkanes such as 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclopentane and 1,1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexan
- Dihydroxy diaryl sulfones; 4,4-biphenol and the like can be mentioned.
- the carbonate precursor represented by phosgene or diphenyl carbonate to be reacted with these dihydric phenol compounds is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ditrile carbonate, bis (chlorophenyl) carbonate, m-cresyl carbonate and dinaphthyl carbonate. And bis (diphenyl) carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dicyclohexyl carbonate and the like, but it is not limited thereto. Preferably, diphenyl carbonate is used.
- These carbonate precursors may also be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid ester When producing a polycarbonate, you may contain dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid ester as an acid component.
- dicarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acid esters include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, diphenyl terephthalate and diphenyl isophthalic acid; succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azellinic acid, sebacine Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as acid, decanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, diphenyl sebacate, diphenyldecanenoate, diphenyl dodecanedioate; cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid 1,2′-cyclopentan
- dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid ester is preferably contained in the above carbonate precursor in an amount of 50 mol% or less, more preferably 30 mol% or less.
- polyfunctional compounds having three or more functional groups in one molecule can be used.
- these polyfunctional compounds compounds having a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group are preferable, and compounds containing three phenolic hydroxyl groups are particularly preferable.
- Acrylic resin is mainly composed of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate, and, if necessary, an acrylic ester having an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, vinyl acetate, styrene and acrylonitrile And polymers or copolymers using methacrylonitrile or the like as a copolymerization component. Furthermore, acrylic resins polymerized in multiple stages can also be used.
- polyester resin examples include resins obtained by polymerizing dicarboxylic acid compounds and / or ester-forming derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, and diol compounds and / or ester-forming derivatives of diol compounds. Specific examples thereof include polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyhexamethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexane-1,4-dimethyl terephthalate, neopentyl terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate and polyhexanae. Methylene naphthalate etc. or co-polyesters of these can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyether imide resin As a polyether imide resin, it is a polymer which contains an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic ether unit and a cyclic imide group as a repeating unit, and it is a polymer having a melt-forming property. There is no particular limitation. In addition, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, structural units other than cyclic imide and ether bond, for example, aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic ester units, oxycarbonyl units, etc. You may contain.
- Polystyrene resin is a polymer obtained by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl monomer, or a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and another vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith. Copolymer obtained by Examples of the aromatic vinyl monomer include styrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, monobromostyrene, Dibromostyrene, tribromostyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, ethylstyrene, divinylbenzene and the like can be mentioned. Among these, styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene are preferably used in view of easiness of reaction, availability and the like. These may be used alone or in combination
- the (meth) acrylic-styrene copolymer (MS resin) is, for example, a copolymer of a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester and an aromatic vinyl monomer such as styrene, and is a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester As methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid n -Butyl, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Fluorine-based resin As the fluorine-based resin, polyfluorinated ethylene, polydifluorinated ethylene, polytetrafluorinated ethylene, ethylene-difluorinated ethylene copolymer, ethylene-difluorinated ethylene copolymer, 4 fluorine And ethylene-perfluoroalkoxyethylene copolymers.
- tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ethylene / chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer
- polychlorotrifluoro Ethylene polymers polyvinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride and the like
- Vinyl-based resin examples include polyvinyl acetal represented by polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer, vinyl chloride-ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, vinyl chloride-ethylene -Glycidyl acrylate copolymer, vinyl chloride-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, vinyl chloride-glycidyl acrylate copolymer, polyvinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyvinyl acetate ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or polyvinyl And acetal-polyvinyl butyral mixtures and the like.
- polyvinyl acetal represented by polyvinyl butyral
- polyvinyl chloride vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer
- vinyl chloride-ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer vinyl chloride-ethylene -Glycidyl
- the polyolefin resin is a homopolymer of ⁇ -olefin containing ethylene, a copolymer of two or more ⁇ -olefins (including any copolymer such as random, block, graft, etc.), or An olefin type elastomer is mentioned.
- ethylene homopolymers include low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).
- the propylene polymer is not limited to propylene homopolymers, and may be propylene and ethylene. And copolymers thereof.
- the olefin elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and one or more ⁇ -olefins other than ethylene (eg, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, etc.), Ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR), ethylene-butene copolymer (EBR), ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM), and the like can be mentioned.
- EPR Ethylene-propylene copolymer
- EBR ethylene-butene copolymer
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer
- the solar radiation shielding resin molded product according to the present invention is contained in the solar radiation shielding fine particle containing master batch obtained by the above method, and the solar radiation shielding fine particle containing master batch It is diluted and kneaded with a thermoplastic resin molding material of the same type as the thermoplastic resin, or a different thermoplastic resin molding material compatible with the thermoplastic resin contained in the solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing master batch, and further predetermined Obtained by molding in the shape of
- the shape of the solar radiation shielding transparent resin molding can be molded into any shape as needed, and can be molded into, for example, a planar shape and a curved surface shape. And the thickness of the said solar radiation shielding transparent resin molding can be adjusted to arbitrary thickness as needed from plate shape to a film shape. Furthermore, the resin sheet which formed the said solar radiation shielding transparent resin molding in planar shape can be shape
- Examples of the method of molding the solar radiation shielding transparent resin molded product include arbitrary methods such as injection molding, extrusion molding, compression molding, and rotational molding.
- a method of obtaining a molded article by injection molding and a method of obtaining a molded article by extrusion molding are suitably employed.
- a method of obtaining a plate-like or film-like shaped article by extrusion molding there is a method of producing by taking a molten thermoplastic resin extruded using an extruder such as a T-die while cooling it with a cooling roll.
- the said injection molded article is suitably used for vehicle bodies, such as a window glass and a roof of a motor vehicle
- vehicle bodies such as a window glass and a roof of a motor vehicle
- the plate-shaped and film-shaped molded article obtained by extrusion molding are suitable for structures, such as an arcade and a carport. used.
- it can be used for structural materials such as window glass and arcades.
- a structural material as a solar radiation shielding resin laminated body laminated
- a solar radiation shielding resin laminate having a solar radiation shielding function and a scattering prevention function can be obtained by laminating and integrating a solar radiation shielding resin molded body previously formed into a film shape on an inorganic glass by a thermal lamination method.
- a solar radiation shielding resin laminate can be obtained by laminating and integrally forming the solar radiation shielding resin molding simultaneously with the formation of the solar radiation shielding resin molding by a thermal lamination method, coextrusion method, press molding method, injection molding method, etc Is also possible.
- the above-mentioned solar radiation shielding resin laminate can be used as a more useful structural material by complementing each other's defects while effectively exhibiting the advantages of the respective molded articles.
- another polycarbonate sheet is bonded as a cap layer for protecting the upper surface or both surfaces of the solar radiation shielding polycarbonate resin molded article formed into a sheet shape obtained using the above-mentioned solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing master batch By making it do, it can use as a solar radiation shielding resin laminated body.
- the structure which suppresses the influence of an ultraviolet-ray by adding a considerable amount ultraviolet-ray absorber to the sheet resin main body used as the said cap layer or core is a method usually used industrially. It is generally preferred that the cap layer have an average thickness of about 10 to 120 ⁇ m. For example, the thickness of the cap layer is more preferably about 15 to 100 ⁇ m. In another embodiment, it is further preferred that the thickness of the cap layer be about 20-90 ⁇ m. In yet another embodiment, it is further preferred that the thickness of the cap layer be about 25-80 ⁇ m.
- a solar radiation shielding resin laminate can be produced by extruding a solar radiation shielding resin laminate, and then laminating respective sheets of the single layer solar radiation shielding resin laminate with a roll mill or a roll stack to form a multilayer sheet.
- the extrusion of each layer of the multilayer sheet can be carried out in a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder.
- Each sheet of a single layer is extrusion-molded with a single screw extruder, and a sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded product is manufactured by laminating the sheets with a roll mill to produce a solar radiation shielding resin laminate having a multilayer structure. It can.
- a roll mill may be a two-roll mill or a three-roll mill, as desired. Co-extrusion of multiple layers with a single screw extruder is generally preferred for the production of multilayer sheets.
- a solar radiation shielding film or an ultraviolet absorption film may be further formed on the surface of the above-described solar radiation shielding resin molded product or solar radiation shielding resin laminate.
- a coating solution in which ITO fine particles and ATO fine particles are dispersed in various binders is applied onto a solar radiation shielding resin molded body or a solar radiation shielding resin laminated body, and the surface of the solar radiation shielding resin molded body or solar radiation shielding resin laminated body
- a coating solution prepared by dissolving an ultraviolet absorber such as benzotriazole or benzophenone is dissolved in various binders is applied to the surface of the above-described solar radiation shielding resin molded article or solar radiation shielding resin laminate, and cured to form an ultraviolet absorbing film. It can be formed. With the formation of the ultraviolet absorbing film, it is possible to further improve the weather resistance of the solar radiation shielding resin molded article or the solar radiation shielding resin laminate.
- the main component of the thermoplastic resin constituting the solar radiation shielding resin molded body or the solar radiation shielding resin laminate is a resin having a large deterioration by ultraviolet rays such as polycarbonate
- the solar radiation shielding resin molded body or the solar radiation shielding resin In a laminate or in a resin sheet such as a cap layer closely bonded to the solar radiation shielding resin molded article or the solar radiation shielding resin laminate, an organic ultraviolet absorber such as benzotriazole, benzophenone, triazine or the like, or By dispersing and containing inorganic ultraviolet light absorbing fine particles such as zinc oxide, iron oxide, and cerium oxide, the life of the solar radiation shielding resin molded body or the solar radiation shielding resin laminate which is the main body can be greatly extended.
- fine-particles will not be specifically limited if it is a transparent transparent resin with little transparency.
- polycarbonate resin acrylic resin, fluorine resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyolefin resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl fluoride resin, etc. It can be used suitably suitably.
- representative resins will be described in the order of (1) polycarbonate resin, (2) acrylic resin, (3) polyetherimide resin, (4) fluorine resin, (5) polyester resin, and (6) summary.
- Polycarbonate Resin A polycarbonate resin is obtained by reacting dihydric phenols and a carbonate-based precursor by a solution method or a melting method.
- dihydric phenol 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane [bisphenol A], 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-3) Methylphenyl) propane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone and the like can be mentioned as representative examples.
- dihydric phenol is bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) alkane type, and it is particularly preferable to have bisphenol A as a main component.
- Acrylic resin is mainly composed of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate, and, if necessary, an acrylic ester having an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, vinyl acetate, styrene and acrylonitrile
- the polymer or copolymer which used methacrylonitrile etc. as a copolymerization component is used.
- acrylic resins polymerized in multiple stages can also be used.
- Polyether imide resin As a polyether imide resin, it is a polymer containing an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic ether unit and a cyclic imide group as a repeating unit, and it is a polymer having a melt-forming property. There is no particular limitation. In addition, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, structural units other than cyclic imide and ether bond, for example, aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic ester units, oxycarbonyl units, etc. You may contain.
- the fluorine-based resin may be any resin containing fluorine in its molecular structure, for example, tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene resin, tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene resin And the like, and may be a mixture of these.
- polyester resin a linear saturated polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of an acid component and a diol component, specifically, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc. can be used appropriately.
- the acid component one or two or more kinds of saturated dibasic acids such as phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, sebacic acid, azelaic acid and the like, dimer acids and the like can be used, and as diol components, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and decane
- diol, dodecanediol, hexadecanediol, bisphenol compound and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adduct thereof can be used.
- the solar radiation shielding particles containing the calcium lanthanum boride particles described above are used as a solar radiation shielding component and uniformly dispersed in a thermoplastic resin component. It is possible to obtain a solar radiation shielding resin molded product molded into a sheet shape. According to this method, a solar radiation shielding resin molded article having a solar radiation shielding function and high transparency in the visible light region, without using a high-cost physical deposition method or a complicated adhesion process, a solar radiation shielding resin laminate It is possible to provide
- the calcium-lanthanum boride fine particles used in the present invention have a large infrared absorption coefficient as compared with general organic pigments and inorganic solar radiation shielding materials, and can exert an infrared radiation shielding effect by adding a small amount. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the material cost. It is preferred that the calcium lanthanum boride microparticles according to the present invention be used generally in an amount of about 0.01 to 12.0 g / m 2 per unit area. Also, in other embodiments, it is more preferred to be used in an amount of about 0.3 to 6.0 g / m 2 . Also, in another embodiment, more preferably, it is used in an amount of about 0.5 to 3.5 g / m 2 .
- the visible light transmittance VLT (wavelength 380 to 780 nm) and the solar radiation transmittance ST (wavelength 380 to 2600 nm) of the obtained sample were measured for optical characteristics using a spectrophotometer U-4000 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. It measured and computed according to JIS R3106.
- the particle size distribution and average particle size of the solar radiation shielding fine particles dispersed in the organic solvent were measured using Nanotrac model UPA-150 manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- the haze value was measured using HR-200 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory.
- the prepared solar radiation shielding resin molded article or solar radiation shielding resin laminate was put into a sunshine weatherometer (Ci4000 manufactured by ATLAS) operated according to the test cycle of ISO 4892-2 for 500 hours, before and after the introduction. It evaluated by measuring the difference ((DELTA) VLT) of visible light transmittance.
- the resultant mixture was sufficiently mixed by a small vacuum crusher (16-Z manufactured by Ishikawa Factory Co., Ltd.) to obtain a mixed powder.
- the obtained mixed powder was placed in a covered carbon crucible capable of degassing generated gas such as carbon dioxide gas and moisture, and placed in a vertical vacuum baking furnace. Then, the temperature was raised in a vacuum at a rate of 300 ° C./hour and held at 1650 ° C. for 18 hours, and then the power of the furnace was turned off to allow a natural temperature drop to obtain a powder.
- the sunlight shielding fine particle dispersion A1 is diluted with ethylene glycol so that the concentration of the Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 powder becomes 0.2 mass%, and the liquid solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion A2 is Obtained.
- the liquid solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion A2 contains 0.75 parts by mass of a polymeric dispersant with respect to 1 part by mass of the solar radiation shielding particles. 30% by mass of the liquid sunlight shielding fine particle dispersion A2 and 70% by mass of terephthalic acid are mixed, and further, esterification and polycondensation reaction are carried out in a high temperature vacuum mixing tank, and the solar radiation shielding fine particle containing polyethylene terephthalate resin composition A solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion A3 was prepared.
- This sunlight shielding fine particle dispersion A3 is uniformly melted and mixed by a blender and a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho), and then extrusion molded using a T-die to a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, and the solar radiation shielding fine particles are uniformly dispersed throughout A sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded product was produced.
- the content of Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 fine particles contained in the sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded product was 0.30 g / m 2 .
- composition and manufacturing conditions of the sunlight shielding fine particle dispersion, the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion, and the solar radiation shielding fine particle master batch according to Example 1 described above, the manufacturing conditions, structure and optical properties of the solar radiation shielding resin laminate according to Example 1 are shown in Tables 1 to 3. The same applies to Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 below.
- Example 2 75 g of calcium lanthanum boride Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 powder obtained in Example 1, 850 g of toluene, and an appropriate amount of polyacrylate polymer dispersant (solid content: 50% by mass) are mixed, and the diameter is determined.
- a bead mill manufactured by Ashizawa Finetech Co., Ltd.
- the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion B1 (calcium lanthanum boride fine particle dispersion (Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 concentration) : 6.5 mass%) was prepared.
- the average particle diameter of the Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 powder in the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion B1 was 46 nm.
- dispersion liquid B1 500 g, a polyacrylate type polymer dispersant (solid content: 50% by mass) and toluene were added such that the total amount of the dispersion liquid was 695 g. Then, the solvent was completely removed under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. while stirring to obtain a solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion B2 (Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 concentration: 25% by mass) according to Example 2.
- the proportion of the polymer dispersant is 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 .
- the obtained solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion B2 was added to a polycarbonate resin powder which is a thermoplastic resin (however, the dispersion B2 was 0.0383 mass%, and the polycarbonate resin was 99.9617 mass%), and a blender was used. It mixed uniformly. Then, the mixture was melt-kneaded by a twin-screw extruder, and extrusion molded to a thickness of 2.0 mm using a T-die to obtain a sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded article in which calcium lanthanum boride fine particles were uniformly dispersed throughout the resin. . The addition amount of Ca 0.26 La 0.74 B 6 fine particles in the resin sheet at this time is 0.23 g / m 2 .
- the surface of the obtained solar radiation shielding resin molded product was lightly polished to measure the optical characteristics.
- a transmittance in the visible light region is high, and a transmission profile having a valley due to strong absorption near the wavelength 1233 nm in the near infrared region is obtained, and the visible light transmittance 61.9%, A solar radiation transmittance of 38.3% and a haze of 1.6% were obtained. That is, it turned out that it is a transparent sheet which has very strong infrared absorption and is bright and non-cloudy.
- the change in visible light transmittance (transmittance difference) after 500 hours of weather meter was 1.6%, which indicated that it had sufficient practical weather resistance.
- the mixture powder was sufficiently mixed using a crusher (16-Z manufactured by Ishikawa Factory Co., Ltd.).
- the obtained mixed powder is put in a covered carbon crucible and placed in a vertical vacuum baking furnace, heated in a vacuum at a rate of 300 ° C./hour, held at 1250 ° C. for 4 hours, and then the furnace is turned off. The mixture was naturally cooled to obtain powder.
- the particle shape of the obtained Ca 0.6 La 0.5 B 6 composition was observed by a transmission electron microscope, and the result of measuring the major and minor axes of 50 particles showed that the average shape is an aspect ratio d / h It was judged to be a disc-like cylinder or spheroid of 5.2.
- a polyacrylate type polymer dispersant (solid content: 50% by mass) and toluene are added to 500 g of calcium lanthanum boride fine particle dispersion C 1: 500 g so that the total amount of the dispersion is 840 g and stirred at 60 ° C.
- the solvent was completely removed under reduced pressure, to obtain a solar radiation-shielding fine particle dispersion C2 (Ca 0.5 La 05 B 6 concentration: 21.31% by mass) according to Example 3.
- the proportion of the polymeric dispersant is 7.4 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of Ca 0.5 La 0.5 B 6 .
- the obtained solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion C2 was added to a polycarbonate resin powder which is a thermoplastic resin (0.0508 mass% of dispersion C2, 99.9492 mass% of polycarbonate resin), and uniformly mixed by a blender. Then, the mixture is melt-kneaded with a twin-screw extruder, and extrusion molded to a thickness of 2.0 mm using a T-die to obtain a sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded article in which calcium lanthanum boride fine particles are uniformly dispersed throughout the polycarbonate resin
- the addition amount of Ca 0.5 La 0.5 B 6 fine particles in the resin sheet at this time is 0.26 g / m 2 .
- a sheet in which the obtained calcium lanthanum boride fine particles were uniformly dispersed and a sheet to be a cap layer were both passed through a roller and attached to obtain a two-layered solar radiation shielding resin molded article.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 3, a solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion C2 was obtained.
- the said solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion C2 was added to polycarbonate resin powder (0.0547 mass% of dispersion C2, 99.9453 mass% of polycarbonate resin), and it mixed uniformly by the blender. Then, the mixture was melt-kneaded by a twin-screw extruder, and extrusion molded to a thickness of 2.0 mm using a T-die to obtain a sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded article in which calcium lanthanum boride fine particles were uniformly dispersed throughout the resin. .
- the addition amount of Ca 0.5 La 0.5 B 6 fine particles in the resin sheet at this time is 0.28 g / m 2 .
- the sheet in which the obtained calcium lanthanum boride fine particles were uniformly dispersed was sandwiched from both sides by a sheet to be a cap layer, and was passed together through a roller to obtain a three-layered solar radiation shielding resin molded article.
- the surface of the three-layered solar radiation shielding resin molded product As a result of lightly polishing the surface of the three-layered solar radiation shielding resin molded product and measuring its optical characteristics, it has a high transmittance in the visible light region, and has a valley with strong absorption near the wavelength 1515 nm in the near infrared region. A profile was obtained, a visible light transmittance of 55.3%, a solar radiation transmittance of 34.6%, and a haze of 2.1%. That is, it turned out that it is a transparent sheet which has very strong infrared absorption and is bright and non-cloudy. The change of the visible light transmittance (transmittance difference) after 500 hours of the weather meter was only 0.3%, which indicated that it had sufficient practical weather resistance.
- the mixture powder was sufficiently mixed by a crusher (16-Z manufactured by Ishikawa Factory Co., Ltd.).
- the obtained mixed powder is put in a covered carbon crucible and placed in a vertical vacuum baking furnace, heated in a vacuum at a rate of 300 ° C./hour, held at 1250 ° C. for 4 hours, and then the furnace is turned off. The mixture was naturally cooled to obtain powder.
- a solution containing 40% by mass of BR-105 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) made of poly (2-methylpropyl methacrylate) as an acrylic resin antiflocculant in 2-propanol is added to 10 g of the dispersion D1. 75 g was added and mixed to obtain a mixed solution. From the resulting mixture, 2-propanol was volatilized to obtain a dispersion D2 in which calcium lanthanum boride coated with a fluoroalkylsilane compound was uniformly dispersed in an acrylic resin antiflocculant. In this dispersion D2, 3 parts by mass of the anticoagulant was contained with respect to 1 part by mass of the calcium lanthanum boride powder.
- Dispersion D2 was added to an acrylic resin (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) so that the calcium lanthanum boride content was 0.87% by mass, and mixed uniformly. Then, the mixture was melt-kneaded with a twin-screw extruder, and the extruded strands of 3 mm in diameter were cut into pellets, to obtain a masterbatch mainly composed of calcium lanthanum boride and acrylic resin.
- acrylic resin manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the obtained masterbatch was uniformly mixed with an acrylic resin (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), and a T-die was used with an injection molding machine to obtain a sheet-like molded body of 10 cm ⁇ 5 cm and a thickness of 2.0 mm.
- the mixing ratio of the masterbatch and the acrylic resin powder is 0.28 g / m 2 of calcium lanthanum boride fine particles Ca 0.75 La 0.25 B 6 contained in the obtained sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 2.0 mm.
- the obtained solar radiation shielding resin molded product As a result of lightly polishing the surface of the obtained solar radiation shielding resin molded product and measuring its optical characteristics, it has a high transmittance in the visible light region and a transmission profile having a valley due to strong absorption near the wavelength 1813 nm in the near infrared region.
- a visible light transmittance of 63.6%, a solar radiation transmittance of 45.5% and a haze of 1.5% were obtained. That is, it turned out that it is a transparent sheet which has very strong infrared absorption and is bright and non-cloudy.
- the change of the visible light transmittance (transmission difference) after 500 hours of the weather meter was 2.4%, which indicated that it had sufficient practical weather resistance.
- Example 6 Using the calcium lanthanum boride Ca 0.75 La 0.25 B 6 powder used in Example 5, and operating in the same manner as in Example 4, a three-layered solar radiation shielding resin molded product having a cap layer was obtained. . At this time, it was prepared such that calcium lanthanum boride fine particles were contained at 0.33 g / m 2 in a sheet-like compact having a thickness of 2.0 mm.
- the surface of the three-layered solar radiation shielding resin molded product was lightly polished to measure the optical characteristics.
- the transmittance in the visible light region was high, and it was near the wavelength 1813 nm in the near infrared region.
- a transmission profile having a valley due to strong absorption was obtained, and a visible light transmittance of 60.1%, a solar radiation transmittance of 43.2%, and a haze of 1.7% were obtained. That is, it turned out that it is a transparent sheet which has very strong infrared absorption and is bright and non-cloudy.
- the change in the visible light transmittance (transmittance difference) after the weather meter 500 h was only 0.4%, indicating that it had sufficient practical weather resistance.
- a solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion F1 using the obtained calcium lanthanum boride Ca 0.05 La 0.95 B 6 powder with a low Ca content was used, and the solar radiation was operated in the same manner as in Example 2.
- a sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded body mainly comprising the shielding particle dispersion F2 and a polycarbonate resin was obtained.
- the surface of the obtained solar radiation shielding resin molded product was lightly polished and the optical characteristics were measured. As a result, the transmittance in the visible light region was high, and the transmission profile had a valley with strong absorption near the wavelength 1078 nm in the near infrared region.
- a visible light transmittance of 51.4%, a solar radiation transmittance of 38.6%, and a haze of 2.0% were obtained. That is, the visible light transmittance was considerably lower than the visible light transmittances of Examples 1 and 2. Furthermore, this resin molded product was strongly colored in green, and neutral transparency was not obtained. However, the change of the visible light transmittance (transmittance difference) after 500 hours of the weather meter was 1.7%, which indicated that it had sufficient practical weather resistance.
- the mixture was sufficiently mixed with a vacuum crusher (16-Z manufactured by Ishikawa Factory Co., Ltd.) to obtain a mixed powder.
- the obtained mixed powder is placed in a covered carbon crucible capable of degassing generated gas such as carbon dioxide gas and moisture, installed in a vertical vacuum baking furnace, and heated in vacuum at a rate of 300 ° C. per hour. After holding at 1650 ° C. for 18 hours, the furnace was turned off and the temperature was allowed to cool naturally to obtain a powder.
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 2 was carried out except using the obtained solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion G1 using calcium lanthanum boride Ca 0.9 La 0.1 B 6 powder having a very high Ca content.
- a sheet-like solar radiation shielding resin molded body mainly composed of the solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion G2 and the polycarbonate resin was obtained.
- the transmittance in the visible light region was high, and weak absorption was observed in the infrared region.
- the bottom of the transmittance due to absorption was on the long wavelength side, and the bottom of absorption was not reached even at a wavelength of 2600 nm. Therefore, when the transmittance was measured by FTIR, it was found that the bottom due to absorption was near the wavelength 2870 nm in the mid-infrared region.
- visible light transmittance of 71.8%, solar radiation transmittance of 65.1%, and haze of 2.1% were obtained.
- the resin sheet has a weak infrared absorption effect, and the solar radiation transmittance when compared at the same transmittance is 20% or more greater than the sheet of the same composition according to the present invention.
- the change of the visible light transmittance (transmission difference) after 500 hours of the weather meter was 2.4%, and had sufficient practical weather resistance.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、例えば、特許文献3に係る被覆六ホウ化物粒子を、光学部材やフィルムの用途に合わせて用いる各種媒体へ均一に分散させることが難しい場合があることも見出された。さらに、被覆効果を得るためには被覆膜厚を十分確保する必要があり、当該被覆六ホウ化物粒子を用いた光学部材やフィルムの可視光透過性を低下させてしまうなどの問題点も見出された。
有機溶剤、可塑剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、日射遮蔽微粒子との混合物が、分散している液状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体、または、前記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体から液状成分が加熱除去されてなる粉末状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散材が、樹脂成分中に分散している日射遮蔽微粒子分散体であって、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子は、一般式CaxLa1-xBmで表記されるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子であって、前記一般式におけるxの値が0.001≦x≦0.800、且つ、mの値が5.0≦m<6.3であり、平均分散粒子径が1nm以上800nm以下であり、
前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の形状が、下記1)、2)から選択される少なくとも一つの形状であることを特徴とする日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を提供する。
1)溶媒中に希釈分散させた前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の散乱強度を、X線小角散乱法を用いて測定したとき、散乱ベクトルq=4πsinθ/λと散乱強度I(q)との関係を両対数プロットして得られる直線の傾きVeの値が-3.8≦Ve≦-1.5である形状。
2)平板状円柱(但し、底面円の直径をd、円柱の高さをhとする。)形状、または、回転楕円体(但し、長軸の長さをd、短軸の長さをhとする。)形状であって、アスペクト比d/hの値が1.5≦d/h≦20である形状。
第2の発明は、
前記一般式におけるxの値が0.100≦x≦0.625且つmの値が5.0≦m<6.3であることを特徴とする第1の発明に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を提供する。
第3の発明は、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子が、前記一般式においてxの値が異なる2種以上のカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の混合物であることを特徴とする第1または第2の発明に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を提供する。
第4の発明は、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体に、高分子系分散剤が含有されていることを特徴とする第1から第3の発明のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を提供する。
第5の発明は、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子と前記高分子系分散剤との混合割合が、前記日射遮蔽微粒子1質量部に対して、前記高分子系分散剤0.3質量部以上20質量部未満であることを特徴とする第4の発明に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を提供する。
第6の発明は、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子が、ケイ素化合物、チタン化合物、ジルコニウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物から選択される少なくとも1種を含む表面被覆層を有していることを特徴とする第1から第5の発明のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を提供する。
第7の発明は、
第1から第6の発明のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体と、熱可塑性樹脂とが混練されてなる日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチであって、前記熱可塑性樹脂中に前記日射遮蔽微粒子が均一に分散されていることを特徴とする日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチを提供する。
第8の発明は、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子の前記熱可塑性樹脂に対する含有量が、前記熱可塑性樹脂100質量部に対して0.01質量部以上20質量部以下であることを特徴とする第7の発明に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチを提供する。
第9の発明は、
前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリカーボネ―ト樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等、ポリスチレン樹脂、(メタ)アクリル-スチレン共重合体(MS樹脂)、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、フッ素系樹脂、ビニル系樹脂、およびポリオレフィン樹脂の樹脂群から選択される1種の樹脂、または、前記樹脂群から選択される2種以上の樹脂の混合物、または、前記樹脂群から選択される2種以上の樹脂の共重合体、のいずれかであることを特徴とする第7または第8の発明に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチを提供する。
第10の発明は、
第7から第9の発明のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチと、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチに含有されている熱可塑性樹脂と同種の熱可塑性樹脂からなる成形材料、および/または、相溶性を有する異種の熱可塑性樹脂からなる成形材料とを含有し、
所定の形状に成形されてなることを特徴とする日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を提供する。
第11の発明は、
形状が、平面状または立体形状であることを特徴とする第10の発明に記載の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を提供する。
第12の発明は、
第10または第11の発明に記載の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体が、他の透明成形体上に積層されてなることを特徴とする日射遮蔽樹脂積層体を提供する。
第13の発明は、
有機溶剤、可塑剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、日射遮蔽微粒子との混合物が、分散している液状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体、または、前記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体から液状成分が加熱除去されてなる粉末状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散材が、樹脂成分中に分散している日射遮蔽微粒子分散体の製造方法であって、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子は、一般式CaxLa1-xBmで表記されるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子であって、前記一般式におけるxの値が0.001≦x≦0.800、且つ、mの値が5.0≦m<6.3であり、平均分散粒子径が1nm以上800nm以下であり、
前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の形状を、下記1)、2)から選択される少なくとも一つの形状に製造することを特徴とする日射遮蔽微粒子分散体の製造方法である。
1)溶媒中に希釈分散させた前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の散乱強度を、X線小角散乱法を用いて測定したとき、散乱ベクトルq=4πsinθ/λと散乱強度I(q)との関係を両対数プロットして得られる直線の傾きVeの値が-3.8≦Ve≦-1.5である形状。
2)平板状円柱(但し、底面円の直径をd、円柱の高さをhとする。)形状、または、回転楕円体(但し、長軸の長さをd、短軸の長さをhとする。)形状であって、アスペクト比d/hの値が1.5≦d/h≦20である形状。
本発明に係る日射遮蔽微粒子は、一般式CaxLa1-xBm(但し、0.001≦x≦0.800、5.0≦m<6.3)で表記されるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子である。
以下、本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子について(1)結晶構造、(2)Caの含有量[x:0.001≦x≦0.800]、(3)B(ホウ素)の含有量[5.0≦m<6.3]、(4)微粒子の形状、(5)微粒子の平均分散粒子径、(6)微粒子の表面処理、の順で詳細に説明する。
まず、六ホウ化物(一般式MB6)の結晶構造を図1に示す。
図1に示すように六ホウ化物は立方晶系で単純立方構造を有しており、立方体の各頂点に、ホウ素原子11が6個集合して形成された八面体が配置されている。そして、ホウ素原子11で構成された八面体8個に囲まれた立方体の中央の空間に、元素M12が配置される。
一方、本発明者等は種々研究する中で、LaB6におけるLa位置を2族グループ元素のアルカリ土類元素で置換する効果について想到し、研究を深めた。
そして、当該アルカリ土類元素の中でもCaを用い、当該CaによってLaを一部置換した一般式CaxLa1-xBm(但し、0.001≦x≦0.800、5.0≦m<6.3である。)で表記されるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子には、赤外線の吸収効果を高く保持しつつ、Ca添加量に応じて可視光透過性を画期的に向上させる効果があることを見出したものである。
本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物[CaxLa1-xBm]微粒子において、CaはLa位置に全率固溶するが、Caの含有量xは、0.001≦x≦0.800の範囲にあることが肝要である。Caの含有量xが0.001よりも大きい場合は、可視光透過率の改善効果が明らかになる。一方、xが0.800以下であれば、実質的にCaB6と異なる、可視光透過率の改善効果が明らかな特性となり、本発明の効果を享受出来る。
しかし、当該吸収波長の変化は一様ではなく、La-rich側では変化が少なく、Ca-rich側で変化が急激に大きくなることが判明した。
本発明者等は非特許文献1で、LaB6の可視光透過性と着色の原因とが、その電子構造から理解することが出来ることを明らかにした。
即ち、LaB6を含む3族元素をベースとしたMB6材料(但し、Mは、Sc、Y、La、Acから選択される元素である。)は、そのブリルアンゾーン内のΓ点とX点以外ではワイドギャップの電子構造を持つため、基本的に透過性は高い筈である。一方、Γ点ではギャップが狭く、またX点では伝導帯下部と価電子帯上部とを結んで自由電子様のバンドが交叉しており、低エネルギーでの電子遷移、即ち濃着色の原因となる可能性がある。
しかし、当該価電子帯上部は主にホウ素の2p軌道、当該伝導帯下部は主にLaの5d軌道とホウ素2p軌道のハイブリッド軌道となっている。この為、Fermiの黄金律により電子の遷移確率が大きく減少し、可視光透過性を生む原因となっていることを知見したものである。
その結果、添加元素として2族元素をベースとした、SrB6やBaB6では、各々3d、4d電子がホウ素2p電子とハイブリッド軌道を形成して、同様に可視光透過性を生むことを知見した。ところが、同じ2族元素でもCaB6の場合には価電子帯のホウ素2p電子のエネルギーが相対的に低く、Ca-3d軌道との間に形成されるバンドギャップが相対的に広がって、通常のd-p型とはやや異なった電子遷移の分布形態を持つことを新たに明らかにしたものである。
以上の新たな知見から、本発明者等は、本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物におけるLaB6へのCa添加による特別な可視光透過性の向上は、X点周辺におけるCaの3d軌道とB(ホウ素)の2p軌道とのハイブリッドバンドに起因する、との考察に想到したものである。
本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物CaxLa1-xBm(但し、0.001≦x≦0.800)微粒子において、CaとLa原子とをまとめてM元素と表記したとき、当該ホウ化物微粒子を含む粉体を化学分析して得られる、M元素の1原子に対するB(ホウ素)の原子数比mの値は5.0≦m<6.3であることが肝要である。
ここで、m≧5.0となる場合は、MB、MB2などの生成が抑制されており、日射遮蔽特性が向上する。一方、m<6.3となる場合は、ホウ化物微粒子以外に酸化ホウ素粒子が発生することが抑制される。酸化ホウ素粒子は吸湿性があるため、ホウ化物粉体中に酸化ホウ素粒子が混入すると、ホウ化物粉体の耐湿性が低下し、日射遮蔽特性の経時劣化が大きくなってしまう。そこで、m<6.3として、酸化ホウ素粒子の発生を抑制することが好ましい。
以上より、日射遮蔽用のホウ化物微粒子としては、上記ホウ化物のうちMB6が主体となっていることが肝要である。尤も、一部にMB4、MB12を含んでいても良い。
本発明に係る日射遮蔽微粒子であるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の形状は、近似的に、ディスク状、平板状円柱、扁平状、パンケーキ状、または平らな円盤状の回転楕円体であることを特徴とする。
具体的には、本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の微粒子形状は、下記1)、2)から選択される少なくとも一つの形状であることを特徴とする。
2)平板状円柱(但し、底面円の直径をd、円柱の高さをhとする。)形状、または、回転楕円体(但し、長軸の長さをd、短軸の長さをhとする。)形状であって、アスペクト比d/hの値が1.5≦d/h≦20である形状である。
溶媒中に希釈分散させた前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の散乱強度を、X線小角散乱法を用いて測定したとき、散乱ベクトルq=4πsinθ/λと散乱強度I(q)との関係を両対数プロットして得られる直線の傾きVeの値が-3.8≦Ve≦-1.5である形状であること、さらに好ましくは、-3.8≦Ve≦-2.0である。
ここで、上記X線小角散乱法による測定は、当該微粒子に入射した入射X線から角度2θの位置で散乱X線を観測した場合である。当該微粒子内のrだけ離れた2点を通った散乱X線には光路差があり、その位相差は、散乱ベクトルq(入射X線と散乱X線の波数ベクトルの差で定義される。)を用いてr・qと示される。
X線の波長をλ、散乱角を2θとすると、Braggの法則λ=2dsinθから、より小さな散乱角の散乱X線を測定することは、実空間では大きな構造を測定することに対応する。
そしてX線小角散乱法によって、異なる散乱角の散乱X線を測定することは、異なる空間分解能で物質を観察することに対応する。
即ち、小さな散乱角の散乱X線からは粗視化した構造情報が、大きな散乱角の散乱X線からはより高い空間分解能の構造情報を得ることが出来る。
具体的には、散乱体が粒子状である場合、散乱角2θまたは散乱ベクトル(q=4πsinθ/λ)が小さくなるに従って、粒子内の原子・分子の構造、粒子表面の構造(平滑度や密度プロファイル)、粒子の形状、粒子の大きさと言うように、より大きなスケールで観察した構造情報に対応した散乱が観測される。
従って、散乱強度I(q)と散乱ベクトルqとの両対数プロットをとり、当該プロットの傾きを求めることで、当該散乱体の大まかな形状情報が得られる。具体的には、上記極端な形状の場合において当該プロットの傾きは、「球の場合:傾きは-4、無限に細く長い棒の場合:傾きは-1」、「無限に薄い円盤の場合:傾きは-2」となることが知られている。
一方、傾きVeが-1.5以下であれば、カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の粒子形状はロッド状(針状、棒状)にならない。この為、その長軸方向の共鳴が強くなり、短軸方向の共鳴が弱くなると共に、共鳴波長のスプリットが顕著にならず、近赤外吸収効果が増加する。また短軸方向の共鳴波長が可視光領域から外れる為、可視光透過率が減少せず、色付き(膜の着色)の原因とならなくなる。
前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の2)の好ましい形状は、平板状円柱(但し、底面円の直径をd、円柱の高さをhとする。)、または、回転楕円体(但し、長軸の長さをd、短軸の長さをhとする。)である。尚、当該平板状円柱や回転楕円体において、アスペクト比d/hが1.5≦d/h≦20であることが肝要である。
本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の粒子形状について、上記の範囲にあるとき、太陽光に含まれる熱線成分を幅広く遮蔽する熱線遮蔽材料として十分な特性を有すると伴に、従来知られている熱線遮蔽材料よりも可視光透過率を向上させることが出来る。
一方、アスペクト比d/hが20を超える場合、近赤外域に大きな吸収が得られるが、hの値を実現可能な厚さとした場合は、dの値も大きくなる為、粒子サイズが非常に大きくなる。この結果、ヘイズの増加や可視透過性の低下が問題となる。逆に、dの値をヘイズの心配がない水準まで小さくすると、hを相応に小さくしようとしても粒子の薄さには限度があり、0.1nmのような薄さは実現できないので、20を超えるd/hは実現できない。
本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の平均分散粒子径は、800nm以下であることが好ましい。当該平均分散粒子径が800nm以下であれば、当該カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を、後述するカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子分散体とした時、散乱により光を完全に遮蔽することが無く、可視光領域の視認性を担保し、同時に透明性を担保することが出来るからである。尚、本発明においてカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の平均分散粒子径とは、当該カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の分散液中における平均分散粒子径を、動的光散乱法(FFT-パワースペクトル法)にて測定した値のことである。本発明においては、平均分散粒子径を単に「平均粒子径」と記載することがある。
当該カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子による散乱の低減を考慮するのであれば、その平均分散粒子径は100nm以下がよい。この理由は、後述するカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子分散液やカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子分散体において、微粒子の平均分散粒子径が小さければ、幾何学散乱、または、ミー散乱による波長400nmから780nmの範囲の可視光線領域における光の散乱が低減されるからである。当該光の散乱が低減される結果、微粒子分散体が曇りガラスのようになって、鮮明な透明性が得られなくなるのを回避することが出来る。
カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子は無機材料の特性として、基本的に紫外線や日光の照射に対して非常に安定な性質を持っている。即ち、紫外線や日光の照射に対して材料特性が変化することは殆どなく、色や諸機能の劣化は殆ど生じない。また、強固に共有結合したB6八面体の基本骨格に、LaやCaイオンが囲まれた結晶構造は非常に安定である。従って、ナノサイズの微粒子であっても、水分や、紫外線と水分の共アタックに対して、十分な実用耐性を持っている。この結果、基本的に非常に安定した耐候性(耐酸化性、耐水性、耐湿性、耐紫外線性)を有していると言える。
さらに、適切なアルコキシドを用いるなどして、当該カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の表面を、ケイ素化合物、チタン化合物、ジルコニウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物、より具体的には、ケイ素、チタン、ジルコニウム、アルミニウムから選択されるいずれか1種類以上の元素を含有する、酸化物および/または窒化物を含む表面被覆層で被覆すれば、当該微粒子の耐候性や耐薬品性をより向上させることが出来る。また、当該カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の表面を、ケイ素化合物を含む表面被覆層で被覆する場合、シラン化合物を用いることは有益である。
本発明に係る日射遮蔽微粒子に含まれるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を製造するには、様々の方法がある。
以下、本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の製造方法の好ましい例について、(1)固相反応法、(2)CVD法、(3)元素同士の直接反応法、(4)熱プラズマ法、(5)溶融塩電解法、その他の方法、(6)製造方法のまとめ、の順で詳細に説明する。
例えば、非特許文献3、非特許文献4に記載の、B4C還元による固相反応法を改良して用いることが出来る。当該固相反応法によれば、酸化物原料であるLa2O3およびCaOを、B4Cと混合して、真空中または不活性ガス中にて高温で反応させる。そして、B4Cの還元作用でカルシウムランタンホウ化物CaxLa1-xBmを得ることが出来る。
しかしながら、当該固相反応において、焼成温度が1500~1600℃と高温であることから、得られるCaxLa1-xBm粒子は粗大化する。一方、上述したようにカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を熱線遮蔽用途で使用するためには、粒子径が可視光波長に比べて十分小さいことが求められる。そこで、この粗大化したカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を、ジェットミル、ボールミル、アトライター、ビーズミル、ペイントシェーカー等を用いたメカニカルな方法により強力な粉砕を行なってナノ微粒子化することが肝要である。
NaBH4はホウ素源を提供するだけでなく、
460℃で、NaBH4(s)→NaH(s)+BH3(s)と分解し、506℃で、BH3(s)→B(s)+H2(g)となって気相を生成する。この結果、元素拡散が著しく促進されてBの拡散も促進され、CaとLaとが均一にB6八面体の作る単純立方格子の体心位置を占めるCaxLa1-xBmを形成することが出来る。当該構成により焼成温度を1300℃、あるいはそれ以下にすることも可能である。
また、固相反応法において還元を促進する為、Mgなどの金属粉を添加するのも好ましい構成である。当該構成に係る還元反応で生成される大きな反応熱もCaxLa1-xBmの生成反応を促進する効果がある。
本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子は、CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)法によって得ることも出来る。この方法は金属ハロゲン化物の水素還元によりホウ化物を得る方法である。
具体的にはLaやCaを含む化合物として、例えばLaCl3(塩化ランタン)やCaCl2(塩化カルシウム)を好適に用いることが出来る。ホウ素を含む化合物としては、例えばBCl3(三塩化ホウ素)を好適に用いることが出来る。
反応基板としてLaB6単結晶またはCaB6単結晶を用いても良い。析出したCaxLa1-xBm反応物を基板から剥離させ、洗浄して、カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を得ることが出来る。得られたカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子は、ジェットミル、ボールミル、アトライター、ビーズミル等を用いたメカニカルな方法により強力な粉砕を行ってナノ微粒子化することが肝要である。またCVD反応条件を調整すれば、直接ナノサイズのカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を得ることも可能である。
本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子は、元素同士の直接反応によって得ることも出来る。即ち、金属カルシウムと金属ランタンとを1700℃以上の高温下でホウ素と反応させれば、高純度のホウ化物が得られる。但し、原料が非常に高価であり、一般的には工業的ではない。
本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子は、熱プラズマ法によっても作製出来る。この方法によれば、熱プラズマ反応炉の中で原料を反応させることにより、微小なナノサイズの微粒子を直接製造することが可能である。熱プラズマ法の場合は、上述の方法の最終工程で必要とされたメカニカルな粉砕工程を省略出来るために、微粒子に格子欠陥がほとんど導入されないことが特徴となる。格子欠陥が少ない場合には、自由電子の緩和時間が増加するため、近赤外吸収波長を短波長側へずらす効果がある。
カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子は、溶融塩電解法、燃焼合成法、ソルボサーマル法、オートクレーブ法、湿式法等、でも合成可能である。
カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の製造方法は、上述した製造方法に限定される訳ではなく、本発明に係るカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を製造出来る方法であれば良い。
上記(1)~(5)で説明した製造方法にて製造されるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の粒子形状やサイズは、当該微粒子の各種製造段階において制御することが出来る。
粉砕によってナノ微粒子化する工程を採る場合には、粉砕方法に応じて制御される。
カルシウムランタンホウ化物は、B(ホウ素)の強固な共有結合の骨格のために非常に硬く、粉砕には特別な方法が必要である。例えば、媒体メディア撹拌ミルを用いる場合は、ビーズ種やビーズサイズによって粉砕モードが異なり、また粉砕の初期段階と後期段階によっても粉砕モードの緩やかな転換が起こることが知られている。
例えば、湿式法においては、塩化ランタンと塩化カルシウムおよびホウ水素化ナトリウムとを、中性雰囲気下で300~500℃に加熱することで、カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子が作製されるが、イソフタル酸を少量加えることによりカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子のサイズや形状を変化させることが出来る。
また、オートクレーブ法においても、反応温度や圧力に加えて、修飾的に作用する薬剤の少量添加が粒子サイズや形状制御のポイントとなる。
本発明に係る日射遮蔽微粒子分散体は、有機溶剤、可塑剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、上述した優れた日射遮蔽特性を備えた日射遮蔽微粒子との混合物が、分散している液状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体、または、前記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体から液状成分が加熱除去されてなる粉末状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散材を樹脂成分中に分散することで形成される。当該日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を用いて、日射遮蔽微粒子が樹脂成分中に分散された日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を製造することが出来る。
日射遮蔽用微粒子1質量部に対し高分子系分散剤が0.3質量部以上あれば、日射遮蔽用微粒子を有機溶剤、可塑剤、樹脂中へ導入するときに凝集等を回避出来る。この結果、日射遮蔽微粒子分散体のヘイズを抑制出来る。また、日射遮蔽用微粒子1質量部に対し20質量部未満であると、日射遮蔽微粒子分散体中の高分子系分散剤が過剰にならず、日射遮蔽微粒子分散体の耐侯性に悪影響を与えない。
当該ポリアクリレート系分散剤としては、サンノプコ(SAN NOPKO)社製の商品名:SNシックナーA-850、SNシックナーA-815、エフカアディティブズ(EFKAADDITIVES B.V.)社製の商品名:EFKA4500、EFKA4530(EFKAは登録商標)、ビックケミー(BYK-Chemie)社製の商品名:Disperbyk-11(Disperbykは登録商標)等が例示される。
また、当該ポリウレタン系分散剤としては、エフカアディティブズ社製の商品名:EFKA404、EFKA4047、EFKA4520(EFKAは登録商標)、コグニス(Cognis)社製の商品名:TEXAPHOR P0、TEXAPHORP3、TEXAPHOR P10等(TEXAPHORは登録商標)が例示される。
また、当該ポリエーテル系分散剤として、サンノプコ社製の商品名:SNシックナーA-801、SNシックナーA-801、SNシックナーA-802、SNシックナーA-803、SNシックナーA-804、SNシックナーA-80、楠本化成社製の商品名:DISPARLON DA234、DISPARLON DA325等(DISPARLONは登録商標)が例示される。
そして、当該ポリエステル系分散剤として、アビシア(Avecia)社製の商品名:Solsperse22000、Solsperse24000SC、Solsperse24000GR、Solsperse2000、Solsperse27000、Solsperse28000、Solsperse3000、Solsperse300、Solsperse38500(Solsperseは登録商標)、楠本化成社製の商品名:DISPARLON DA70350、DISPARLON DA705、DISPARLON DA725、DISPARLON DA860、DISPARLON DA873N等(DISPARLONは登録商標)が例示される。尚、高分子系分散剤の常温での状態は、液体、固体、ゲル状のいずれの場合も使用可能である。
その他、分散処理をしていないカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子を熱可塑性樹脂に直接添加し、均一に溶融混合する方法を採ることも出来る。即ち、カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子が、熱可塑性樹脂に均一に分散されていればよく、上述した方法に限定されない。
上記製造方法で得られた液状若しくは粉末状の上記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体を用いて日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチを製造するには、熱可塑性樹脂中に上記日射遮蔽微粒子が均一に分散できればどのような方法でも良い。
例としては、上記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体と熱可塑性樹脂の粉粒体またはペレット、および必要に応じて他の添加剤をリボンブレンダー、タンブラー、ナウターミキサー、ヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー、プラネタリーミキサー等の混合機、およびバンバリーミキサー、ニーダー、ロール、ニーダールーダー、一軸押出機、二軸押出機等の混練機を使用して溶剤を除去しながら均一に溶融混合する方法を用いて、熱可塑性樹脂に日射遮蔽微粒子を均一に分散した混合物を調製することが出来る。更に、前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子分散体の溶剤を公知の方法で除去し、得られた粉末と熱可塑性樹脂の粉粒体またはペレット、および必要に応じて他の添加剤を均一に溶融混合する方法を用いて熱可塑性樹脂に日射遮蔽微粒子を均一に分散した混合物を調整することも出来る。
一方、熱可塑性樹脂100質量部に対して、日射遮蔽微粒子の含有量が0.01質量部以上であれば、成形する日射遮蔽透明樹脂成形体の厚みにも依存するが、成形する透明樹脂成形体が100μm以下のフィルムでも充分な日射遮蔽能が得られる。
具体的には、ポリカーボネ―ト樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等、ポリスチレン樹脂、(メタ)アクリル-スチレン共重合体(MS樹脂)、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、フッ素系樹脂、ビニル系樹脂、およびポリオレフィン樹脂の樹脂群から選択される1種の樹脂、または、前記樹脂群から選択される2種以上の樹脂の混合物、または、前記樹脂群から選択される2種以上の樹脂の共重合体、のいずれかを好ましく挙げることが出来る。
ポリカーボネート樹脂としては、芳香族ポリカーボネートが好ましい。
さらに当該芳香族ポリカーボネートとしては、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,5-ジブロモ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンに代表される二価のフェノール系化合物の一種以上と、ホスゲンまたはジフェニルカーボネート等で代表されるカーボネート前駆体とから、界面重合、溶融重合または固相重合等の公知の方法によって得られる重合体が好ましく挙げられる。
アクリル樹脂としては、メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、プロピルメタクリレート、ブチルメタクリレートを主原料とし、必要に応じて炭素数1~8のアルキル基を有するアクリル酸エステル、酢酸ビニル、スチレン、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル等を共重合成分として用いた重合体または共重合体が挙げられる。また、さらに多段で重合したアクリル樹脂を用いることも出来る。
ポリエステル樹脂としては、ジカルボン酸化合物および/またはジカルボン酸のエステル形成性誘導体、およびジオール化合物および/またはジオール化合物のエステル形成性誘導体を重合させてなる樹脂が挙げられる。その具体例としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリヘキサメチレンテレフタレート、ポリシクロヘキサン-1,4―ジメチルテレフタレート、ネオペンチルテレフタレート、ポリエチレンイソフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンナフタレート、ポリヘキサメチレンナフタレート等、またはこれらの共重合ポリエステルを挙げることが出来る。これらは単独で用いてもよく2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ポリエーテルイミド樹脂としては、脂肪族、脂環族または芳香族系のエーテル単位と環状イミド基を繰り返し単位として含有するポリマーであり、溶融成形性を有するポリマーであれば、特に限定されない。また、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、ポリエーテルイミドの主鎖に環状イミド、エーテル結合以外の構造単位、例えば、芳香族、脂肪族、脂環族エステル単位、オキシカルボニル単位等が含有されていても良い。
ポリスチレン樹脂は、芳香族ビニル系単量体を重合して得られる重合体、あるいは芳香族ビニル系単量体およびこれと共重合可能な他のビニル系単量体を共重合して得られる共重合体である。当該芳香族ビニル系単量体としては、スチレン、o-メチルスチレン、p-メチルスチレン、m-メチルスチレン、α-メチルスチレン、2,4-ジメチルスチレン、モノクロロスチレン、ジクロロスチレン、モノブロモスチレン、ジブロモスチレン、トリブロモスチレン、p-t-ブチルスチレン、エチルスチレン、およびジビニルベンゼン、等が挙げられる。これらのなかでも、反応の容易さや入手の容易さ等から、スチレンおよびα-メチルスチレンが好ましく用いられる。これらは1種単独、あるいは2種以上併用して用いられる。
(メタ)アクリル-スチレン共重合体(MS樹脂)は、例えば(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルとスチレン等の芳香族ビニル系単量体との共重合体であって、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルとしては、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸n-ブチル、メタクリル酸i-ブチル、アクリル酸t-ブチル、メタクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル、メタクリル酸ステアリル、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸n-ブチル、アクリル酸i-ブチル、アクリル酸t-ブチル、アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル、およびアクリル酸ステアリル等が挙げられる。これらを、単独または2種以上組み合わせて用いられる。
フッ素系樹脂としては、ポリフッ化エチレン、ポリ2フッ化エチレン、ポリ4フッ化エチレン、エチレン-2フッ化エチレン共重合体、エチレン-4フッ化エチレン共重合体、4フッ化エチレン-パーフルオロアルコキシエチレン共重合体などが挙げられる。また、テトラフルオロエチレン・パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、エチレン・テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、エチレン・クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン重合体、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、ビニルフルオライド、等も使用出来る。
ビニル系樹脂としては、例えば、ポリビニルブチラールに代表されるポリビニルアセタール、ポリ塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル-エチレン共重合体、塩化ビニル-エチレン-グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体、塩化ビニル-エチレン-グリシジルアクリレート共重合体、塩化ビニル-グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体、塩化ビニル-グリシジルアクリレート共重合体、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、塩化ビニリデン-アクリロニトリル共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニルエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、またはポリビニルアセタール-ポリビニルブチラール混合物、等が挙げられる。
ポリオレフィン樹脂は、エチレンを含むα―オレフィンの単独重合体、2種以上のα―オレフィンからなる共重合体(ランダム、ブロック、グラフトなど、いずれの共重合体も含む)、またはオレフィン系エラストマーが挙げられる。エチレン単独重合体としては、低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)および線状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)などがあり、プロピレン重合体としては、プロピレン単独重合体に限られず、プロピレンとエチレンとの共重合体も含まれる。前記オレフィン系エラストマーとは、エチレンと、1種以上のエチレン以外のα-オレフィン(例えば、プロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ヘキセン、4-メチル-1-ペンテンなど)との共重合体であり、エチレン-プロピレン共重合体(EPR)、エチレンブテン共重合体(EBR)、エチレン-プロピレン-ジエン共重合体(EPDM)などが挙げられる。
本発明に係る日射遮蔽樹脂成形体は、上述の方法で得られた日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチと、当該日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチに含有されている熱可塑性樹脂と同種の熱可塑性樹脂成形材料、または、当該日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチに含有されている熱可塑性樹脂と相溶性を有する異種の熱可塑性樹脂成形材料によって、希釈・混練し、さらに所定の形状に成形することによって得られる。
そして、当該射出成形品は、自動車の窓ガラスやルーフ等の車体に好適に使用され、押出成形により得られた板状、フィルム状の成形品は、アーケードやカーポート等の建造物に好適に使用される。
上述した製造方法で得られた、カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子が均一に熱可塑性樹脂に分散している日射遮蔽樹脂成形体は、それ自体で、窓ガラス、アーケード等の構造材に使用することが出来る。さらに、無機ガラス、樹脂ガラス、樹脂フィルムなどの他の透明成形体上に任意の方法で積層し、一体化した日射遮蔽樹脂積層体として、構造材に使用することも出来る。
例えば、予めフィルム状に成形した日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を無機ガラスに熱ラミネート法により積層一体化することで、日射遮蔽機能、飛散防止機能を有する日射遮蔽樹脂積層体を得ることが出来る。また、熱ラミネート法、共押出法、プレス成形法、射出成形法等により、日射遮蔽樹脂成形体の成形と同時に他の透明成形体に積層一体化することで、日射遮蔽樹脂積層体を得ることも可能である。上記日射遮蔽樹脂積層体は、相互の成形体の持つ利点を有効に発揮させつつ、相互の欠点を補完することで、より有用な構造材として使用することが出来る。
上記キャップ層は、約10~120μmの平均厚さを有していることが概して好ましい。例えば、キャップ層の厚さは約15~100μmとすることが、さらに好ましい。別の実施形態では、キャップ層の厚さは約20~90μmとすることが、さらに好ましい。さらに別の実施形態では、キャップ層の厚さは約25~80μmとすることが、さらに好ましい。
単軸押出機または二軸押出機で複数のシート層を共押出するのがさらに好ましく、これら各層を適宜ロールミルで積層してもよい。ロールミルは、所望に応じて二本ロールミルでも三本ロールミルでもよい。多層シートの製造には単軸押出機による複数の層の共押出が概して好ましい。
以下、代表的な樹脂について(1)ポリカーボネート樹脂、(2)アクリル樹脂、(3)ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、(4)フッ素系樹脂、(5)ポリエステル樹脂、(6)まとめ、の順に説明する。
ポリカーボネート樹脂は、2価フェノール類とカーボネート系前駆体とを、溶液法または溶融法で反応させることによって得られるものである。
当該2価フェノールとしては、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン[ビスフェノールA]、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメチルフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジブロモフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルフィド、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン等が代表例として挙げられる。また、2価フェノールは、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)アルカン系であり、特にビスフェノールAを主成分とするものが好ましい。
アクリル樹脂としては、メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、プロピルメタクリレート、ブチルメタクリレートを主原料とし、必要に応じて炭素数1~8のアルキル基を有するアクリル酸エステル、酢酸ビニル、スチレン、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル等を共重合成分として用いた重合体または共重合体が用いられる。また、さらに多段で重合したアクリル樹脂を用いることも出来る。
ポリエーテルイミド樹脂としては、脂肪族、脂環族または芳香族系のエーテル単位と環状イミド基を繰り返し単位として含有するポリマーであり、溶融成形性を有するポリマーであれば、特に限定されない。また、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、ポリエーテルイミドの主鎖に環状イミド、エーテル結合以外の構造単位、例えば、芳香族、脂肪族、脂環族エステル単位、オキシカルボニル単位等が含有されていても良い。
フッ素系樹脂としては、分子構造中にフッ素を含有する樹脂であれば良く、例えば4フッ化エチレン樹脂、3フッ化エチレン樹脂、2フッ化エチレン樹脂、1フッ化エチレン樹脂等が挙げられ、これらの混合物であってもよい。
ポリエステル樹脂としては、酸成分とジオール成分との重縮合で得られる線状飽和ポリエステル樹脂、具体的にはポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、等が適宜使用出来る。ここで酸成分としてはフタル酸、無水フタル酸、セバシン酸、アゼライン酸等の飽和二塩基酸、ダイマー酸等の1種または2種以上が使用でき、ジオール成分としてはエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、デカンジオール、ドデカンジオール、ヘキサデカンジオール、ビスフェノール化合物およびそのエチレンオキサイドまたはプロピレンオキサイド付加物等の1種または2種以上が使用出来る。
上述したカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子を日射遮蔽成分として用い、熱可塑性樹脂成分中に均一に分散させた本発明に係る日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチを用いることにより、シート状に成形した日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を得ることが出る。この方法によれば、高コストの物理成膜法や複雑な接着工程を用いずに、日射遮蔽機能を有しかつ可視光域に高い透過性を有する日射遮蔽樹脂成形体、日射遮蔽樹脂積層体を提供することが可能となる。
尚、得られた試料の可視光透過率VLT(波長380~780nm)および日射透過率ST(波長380~2600nm)は、日立製作所(株)製の分光光度計U-4000を用いて光学特性を測定し、JIS R3106に従って算出した。
有機溶剤に分散した日射遮蔽微粒子の粒度分布および平均粒径は、日機装(株)のNanotracモデルUPA-150を用いて測定した。
ヘイズ値は、村上色材技術研究所製HR-200を用いて測定した。
耐侯性試験は、作製した日射遮蔽樹脂成形体や日射遮蔽樹脂積層体を、ISO4892-2の試験サイクルに従って稼動しているサンシャインウエザオメータ(ATLAS社製Ci4000)に500時間投入し、投入前後の可視光透過率の差(ΔVLT)を測定することにより評価した。
酸化カルシウムCaO、二酸化ランタンLa2O3、炭化ホウ素B4Cを、Ca:La=0.26:0.74、(Ca+La):B=1:6(原子比)となるように秤量し、小型真空擂潰機(株式会社石川工場製16-Z)で十分混合して混合粉を得た。得られた混合粉を、炭酸ガスや水分などの生成ガスを脱気することが出来る蓋つきのカーボンルツボに入れて縦型真空焼成炉に設置した。そして、真空中で毎時300℃の速度で昇温し、1650℃で18時間保持した後、炉の電源を切って自然降温させて粉体を得た。
さらに、得られたCa0.26La0.74B6組成の粒子形状を透過電子顕微鏡によって観察し、50個の粒子における長軸と短軸とを測定した。その結果、平均形状はアスペクト比d/h=12.7のディスク状円柱またはディスク状回転楕円体と判断された。
当該液状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体A2の30質量%と、テレフタル酸70質量%とを混合し、さらに、高温真空混合槽でエステル化、重縮合反応を行い、日射遮蔽微粒子含有ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂組成物である日射遮蔽微粒子分散体A3を調製した。
この日射遮蔽微粒子分散体A3をブレンダー、二軸押出機(東洋精機製作所製)で均一に溶融混合した後、Tダイを用いて厚さ50μmに押出し成形し、日射遮蔽微粒子が全体に均一に分散したシート状の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を作製した。当該シート状の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体に含有されるCa0.26La0.74B6微粒子の含有量は0.30g/m2であった。
即ち、非常に強い赤外吸収を持ち、且つ明るく曇りのない透明シートであることが判明した。またウエザオメータ500h後の可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は1.4%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持つことが示された。
以下、実施例2~6、比較例1、2においても同様に、表1~3に示す。
実施例1で得られたカルシウムランタンホウ化物Ca0.26La0.74B6粉末75gと、トルエン850gと、ポリアクリレート系高分子分散剤(固形分50質量%)適量とを混合し、直径0.3mmのZrO2ビーズを用いて5時間ビーズミル(アシザワファインテック株式会社製)混合し、日射遮蔽微粒子分散液B1(カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子分散液(Ca0.26La0.74B6濃度:6.5質量%))を調製した。この日射遮蔽微粒子分散液B1中におけるCa0.26La0.74B6粉の平均粒径は46nmであった。
X線小角散乱法で、q=4πsinθ/λと散乱強度I(q)との関係を両対数プロットしてCa0.26La0.74B6組成の粒子形状を評価したところ、Ve=-3.2が得られ、形状はディスク傾向が強いことが分かった。
また、ウエザオメータ500時間後の可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は1.6%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持つことが示された。
酸化カルシウムCaO、二酸化ランタンLa2O3、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムNaBH4を、Ca:La=1:1、(Ca+La):B=1:6(原子比)となるように秤量し、小型真空擂潰機(株式会社石川工場製16-Z)を用い十分混合して混合粉を得た。得られた混合粉を蓋付きカーボンルツボに入れて縦型真空焼成炉内に設置し、真空中で毎時300℃の速度で昇温し、1250℃で4時間保持した後、炉の電源を切って自然降温させて粉体を得た。
得られたCa0.6La0.5B6組成の粒子形状を透過電子顕微鏡によって観察し、50個の粒子における長軸と短軸とを測定した結果から、平均形状はアスペクト比d/h=5.2のディスク状円柱または回転楕円体と判断された。
このときの樹脂シート中におけるCa0.5La0.5B6微粒子の添加量は0.26g/m2となる。
ウエザオメータ500時間後における可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は僅か0.3%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持つことが示された。なおウエザオメータ試験におけるUV光の入射はキャップ層側から行なった。
実施例3と同様にして、日射遮蔽微粒子分散体C2を得た。当該日射遮蔽微粒子分散体C2をポリカーボネート樹脂パウダーに添加し(分散体C2を0.0547質量%、ポリカーボネート樹脂を99.9453質量%)、ブレンダーで均一に混合した。そして、二軸押出機で熔融混練し、Tダイを用いて厚さ2.0mmに押出成形し、カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子が樹脂全体に均一に分散したシート状の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を得た。
このときの樹脂シート中におけるCa0.5La0.5B6微粒子の添加量は0.28g/m2となる。
ウエザオメータ500時間後における可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は僅か0.3%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持つことが示された。
酸化カルシウムCaO、二酸化ランタンLa2O3、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムNaBH4を、Ca:La=3:1、(Ca+La):B=1:6(原子比)となるように秤量し、小型真空擂潰機(株式会社石川工場製16-Z)で十分混合して混合粉を得た。得られた混合粉を蓋付きカーボンルツボに入れて縦型真空焼成炉内に設置し、真空中で毎時300℃の速度で昇温し、1250℃で4時間保持した後、炉の電源を切って自然降温させて粉体を得た。
さらに、得られたCa0.6La0.5B6組成の粒子形状を透過電子顕微鏡によって観察し、50個の粒子における長軸と短軸とを測定した結果から、平均形状はアスペクト比d/h=6.9のディスク状円柱または回転楕円体と判断された。
得られた混合液から2-プロパノールを揮散し、アクリル樹脂凝集防止剤中に、フルオロアルキルシラン化合物で被覆されたカルシウムランタンホウ化物を均一に分散させた分散体D2を得た。この分散体D2においては、カルシウムランタンホウ化物粉末1質量部に対して凝集防止剤を3質量部含有していた。
尚、マスターバッチとアクリル樹脂粉末との混合割合は、得られる2.0mm厚のシート状成形体に、カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子Ca0.75La0.25B6が0.28g/m2含有されるように調製した。
ウエザオメータ500時間後における可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は2.4%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持つことが示された。
実施例5で用いたカルシウムランタンホウ化物Ca0.75La0.25B6粉末を用い、実施例4と同様に操作して、キャップ層を有する3層構造の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体を得た。
尚、このとき、2.0mm厚のシート状成形体にカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子が0.33g/m2含有されるように調製した。
またウエザオメータ500h後の可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は僅か0.4%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持つことが示された。
酸化カルシウムCaO、二酸化ランタンLa2O3、炭化ホウ素B4Cを、Ca:La=1:19、(Ca+La):B=1:6(原子比)となるように秤量し、小型真空擂潰機(株式会社石川工場製16-Z)で十分混合して混合粉を得た。得られた混合粉を、炭酸ガスや水分などの生成ガスを脱気することが出来る蓋つきのカーボンルツボに入れて縦型真空焼成炉に設置し、真空中で毎時300℃の速度で昇温し、1650℃で18時間保持した後、炉の電源を切って自然降温させて粉体を得た。
日射遮蔽微粒子分散液F1中におけるCa0.05La0.95B6粉の平均粒径は58nmであった。
さらに、得られた分散液中のCa0.05La0.95B6組成の粒子形状を透過電子顕微鏡によって観察したが、ロッド状または針状の粒子が多く見られ、ディスク状円柱または回転楕円体とは見做せなかった。
得られた日射遮蔽樹脂成形体の表面を軽く研磨して光学特性を測定した結果、可視光領域での透過率が高く、近赤外領域の波長1078nm付近に強い吸収による谷を持つ透過プロファイルが得られ、可視光透過率51.4%、日射透過率38.6%、ヘイズ2.0%が得られた。即ち、可視光透過率は、実施例1、2の可視光透過率に比較してかなり低かった。さらに、この樹脂成形体は緑色の着色が強く、ニュートラルな透明性は得られなかった。
但し、ウエザオメータ500時間後の可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は1.7%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持つことが示された。
酸化カルシウムCaOと、二酸化ランタンLa2O3と、炭化ホウ素B4Cとを、Ca:La=9:1、(Ca+La):B=1:6(原子比)となるように秤量し、小型真空擂潰機(株式会社石川工場製16-Z)で十分混合して混合粉を得た。得られた混合粉を、炭酸ガスや水分などの生成ガスを脱気することが出来る蓋つきのカーボンルツボに入れて縦型真空焼成炉に設置し、真空中で毎時300℃の速度で昇温し、1650℃で18時間保持した後、炉の電源を切って自然降温させて粉体を得た。
日射遮蔽微粒子分散液G1中におけるCa0.9La0.1B6粉の平均粒径は32nmであった。
さらに、得られたCa0.9La0.1B6組成の粒子形状を透過電子顕微鏡によって観察し、50個の粒子における長軸と短軸とを測定した結果から、平均形状はアスペクト比d/h=9.1のディスク状円柱または回転楕円体と判断された。
但し、ウエザオメータ500時間後の可視光透過率の変化(透過率差)は2.4%であり、十分な実用耐侯性を持っていた。
12 元素M
21 熱プラズマ
22 高周波コイル
23 シースガス供給ノズル
24 プラズマガス供給ノズル
25 原料粉末供給ノズル
26 反応容器
27 吸引管
28 フィルター
Claims (13)
- 有機溶剤、可塑剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、日射遮蔽微粒子との混合物が、分散している液状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体、または、前記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体から液状成分が加熱除去されてなる粉末状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散材が、樹脂成分中に分散している日射遮蔽微粒子分散体であって、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子は、一般式CaxLa1-xBmで表記されるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子であって、前記一般式におけるxの値が0.001≦x≦0.800、且つ、mの値が5.0≦m<6.3であり、平均分散粒子径が1nm以上800nm以下であり、
前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の形状が、下記1)、2)から選択される少なくとも一つの形状であることを特徴とする日射遮蔽微粒子分散体。
1)溶媒中に希釈分散させた前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の散乱強度を、X線小角散乱法を用いて測定したとき、散乱ベクトルq=4πsinθ/λと散乱強度I(q)との関係を両対数プロットして得られる直線の傾きVeの値が-3.8≦Ve≦-1.5である形状。
2)平板状円柱(但し、底面円の直径をd、円柱の高さをhとする。)形状、または、回転楕円体(但し、長軸の長さをd、短軸の長さをhとする。)形状であって、アスペクト比d/hの値が1.5≦d/h≦20である形状。 - 前記一般式におけるxの値が0.100≦x≦0.625且つmの値が5.0≦m<6.3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体。
- 前記日射遮蔽微粒子が、前記一般式においてxの値が異なる2種以上のカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体。
- 前記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体に、高分子系分散剤が含有されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体。
- 前記日射遮蔽微粒子と前記高分子系分散剤との混合割合が、前記日射遮蔽微粒子1質量部に対して、前記高分子系分散剤0.3質量部以上20質量部未満であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体。
- 前記日射遮蔽微粒子が、ケイ素化合物、チタン化合物、ジルコニウム化合物、アルミニウム化合物から選択される少なくとも1種を含む表面被覆層を有していることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体と、熱可塑性樹脂とが混練されてなる日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチであって、前記熱可塑性樹脂中に前記日射遮蔽微粒子が均一に分散されていることを特徴とする日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチ。
- 前記日射遮蔽微粒子の前記熱可塑性樹脂に対する含有量が、前記熱可塑性樹脂100質量部に対して0.01質量部以上20質量部以下であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチ。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリカーボネ―ト樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等、ポリスチレン樹脂、(メタ)アクリル-スチレン共重合体(MS樹脂)、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、フッ素系樹脂、ビニル系樹脂、およびポリオレフィン樹脂の樹脂群から選択される1種の樹脂、または、前記樹脂群から選択される2種以上の樹脂の混合物、または、前記樹脂群から選択される2種以上の樹脂の共重合体、のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチ。
- 請求項7から9のいずれかに記載の日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチと、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチに含有されている熱可塑性樹脂と同種の熱可塑性樹脂からなる成形材料、および/または、相溶性を有する異種の熱可塑性樹脂からなる成形材料とを含有し、
所定の形状に成形されてなることを特徴とする日射遮蔽樹脂成形体。 - 形状が、平面状または立体形状であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体。
- 請求項10または11に記載の日射遮蔽樹脂成形体が、他の透明成形体上に積層されてなる日射遮蔽樹脂積層体。
- 有機溶剤、可塑剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、日射遮蔽微粒子との混合物が、分散している液状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散体、または、前記日射遮蔽微粒子分散体から液状成分が加熱除去されてなる粉末状の日射遮蔽微粒子分散材が、樹脂成分中に分散している日射遮蔽微粒子分散体の製造方法であって、
前記日射遮蔽微粒子は、一般式CaxLa1-xBmで表記されるカルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子を含有する日射遮蔽微粒子であって、前記一般式におけるxの値が0.001≦x≦0.800、且つ、mの値が5.0≦m<6.3であり、平均分散粒子径が1nm以上800nm以下であり、
前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の形状を、下記1)、2)から選択される少なくとも一つの形状に製造することを特徴とする日射遮蔽微粒子分散体の製造方法。
1)溶媒中に希釈分散させた前記カルシウムランタンホウ化物微粒子の散乱強度を、X線小角散乱法を用いて測定したとき、散乱ベクトルq=4πsinθ/λと散乱強度I(q)との関係を両対数プロットして得られる直線の傾きVeの値が-3.8≦Ve≦-1.5である形状。
2)平板状円柱(但し、底面円の直径をd、円柱の高さをhとする。)形状、または、回転楕円体(但し、長軸の長さをd、短軸の長さをhとする。)形状であって、アスペクト比d/hの値が1.5≦d/h≦20である形状。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019542314A JPWO2019054493A1 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-09-14 | 日射遮蔽微粒子分散体およびその製造方法、日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチ、およびそれを用いた日射遮蔽樹脂成形体、日射遮蔽樹脂積層体 |
CN201880060128.3A CN111094405A (zh) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-09-14 | 日照屏蔽微粒分散体及其制造方法、含有日照屏蔽微粒的母料和使用了其的日照屏蔽树脂成形体、日照屏蔽树脂叠层体 |
BR112020005075-0A BR112020005075A2 (pt) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-09-14 | dispersão de micropartículas de blindagem contra radiação solar, mistura padrão contendo micropartículas de blindagem contra radiação solar, produto formado de resina de blindagem contra radiação solar, laminado de resina de blindagem contra radiação solar, e, método. |
KR1020207007930A KR20200053503A (ko) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-09-14 | 일사 차폐 미립자 분산체 및 그의 제조 방법, 일사 차폐 미립자 함유 마스터배치, 및 그것을 사용한 일사 차폐 수지 성형체, 일사 차폐 수지 적층체 |
US16/647,674 US11512182B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-09-14 | Solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion body and process for producing the same, solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch, and solar radiation shielding resin formed body and solar radiation shielding resin laminate using the same |
EP18856533.7A EP3683255A1 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-09-14 | Solar-radiation-shielding microparticle dispersion and method for producing same, master batch containing solar-radiation-shielding microparticles, and solar-radiation-shielding resin molded article and solar-radiation-shielding resin laminate in which same are used |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017-177883 | 2017-09-15 | ||
JP2017177883 | 2017-09-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019054493A1 true WO2019054493A1 (ja) | 2019-03-21 |
Family
ID=65724025
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2018/034226 WO2019054493A1 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-09-14 | 日射遮蔽微粒子分散体およびその製造方法、日射遮蔽微粒子含有マスターバッチ、およびそれを用いた日射遮蔽樹脂成形体、日射遮蔽樹脂積層体 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11512182B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3683255A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2019054493A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20200053503A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN111094405A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112020005075A2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201920407A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2019054493A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000169765A (ja) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-20 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 日射遮蔽膜用塗布液及びこれを用いた日射遮蔽膜 |
JP2003327717A (ja) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-19 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 熱線遮蔽樹脂シート材及びその製造用添加液 |
JP2004059875A (ja) | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-26 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 熱線遮蔽成分含有マスターバッチとこのマスターバッチが適用された熱線遮蔽透明樹脂成形体並びに熱線遮蔽透明積層体 |
JP4539824B2 (ja) | 2004-06-23 | 2010-09-08 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 被覆六ホウ化物粒子及びその製造方法 |
CN104894641A (zh) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-09-09 | 井冈山大学 | 一种高致密(LaxCa1-x)B6多晶阴极材料及其制备方法 |
WO2016031969A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 六ホウ化物微粒子の集合体、六ホウ化物微粒子分散液、六ホウ化物微粒子分散体、六ホウ化物微粒子分散体合わせ透明基材、赤外線吸収フィルムおよび赤外線吸収ガラス |
JP2018141114A (ja) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 熱線遮蔽微粒子、熱線遮蔽微粒子分散液、熱線遮蔽膜用塗布液、およびこれらを用いた熱線遮蔽膜、熱線遮蔽樹脂フィルム、熱線遮蔽微粒子分散体 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019054497A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-21 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 日射遮蔽用合わせ構造体およびその製造方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-09-14 BR BR112020005075-0A patent/BR112020005075A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2018-09-14 EP EP18856533.7A patent/EP3683255A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-09-14 WO PCT/JP2018/034226 patent/WO2019054493A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2018-09-14 CN CN201880060128.3A patent/CN111094405A/zh active Pending
- 2018-09-14 KR KR1020207007930A patent/KR20200053503A/ko unknown
- 2018-09-14 TW TW107132716A patent/TW201920407A/zh unknown
- 2018-09-14 US US16/647,674 patent/US11512182B2/en active Active
- 2018-09-14 JP JP2019542314A patent/JPWO2019054493A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000169765A (ja) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-20 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 日射遮蔽膜用塗布液及びこれを用いた日射遮蔽膜 |
JP2003327717A (ja) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-19 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 熱線遮蔽樹脂シート材及びその製造用添加液 |
JP2004059875A (ja) | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-26 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 熱線遮蔽成分含有マスターバッチとこのマスターバッチが適用された熱線遮蔽透明樹脂成形体並びに熱線遮蔽透明積層体 |
JP4539824B2 (ja) | 2004-06-23 | 2010-09-08 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 被覆六ホウ化物粒子及びその製造方法 |
WO2016031969A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 六ホウ化物微粒子の集合体、六ホウ化物微粒子分散液、六ホウ化物微粒子分散体、六ホウ化物微粒子分散体合わせ透明基材、赤外線吸収フィルムおよび赤外線吸収ガラス |
CN104894641A (zh) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-09-09 | 井冈山大学 | 一种高致密(LaxCa1-x)B6多晶阴极材料及其制备方法 |
JP2018141114A (ja) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 熱線遮蔽微粒子、熱線遮蔽微粒子分散液、熱線遮蔽膜用塗布液、およびこれらを用いた熱線遮蔽膜、熱線遮蔽樹脂フィルム、熱線遮蔽微粒子分散体 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
DOI, POWDER AND INDUSTRY, vol. 21, no. 5, 1989 |
HIROSHI NISHIKAWA, CERAMICS, vol. 22, 1987, pages 40 - 45 |
K. MACHIDAK. ADACHI: "Particle shape inhomogeneity and plasma band broadening of solar-control LaB6 nanoparticles", J. APPL. PHYS., vol. 118, 2015, pages 013103 |
SATOSHI YOSHIOKOICHIRO MAKIKENJI ADACHI: "Optical properties of group-3 metal hexaboride nanoparticles by first-principles calculations", J. CHEM. PHYS., vol. 144, 2016, pages 234702 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201920407A (zh) | 2019-06-01 |
CN111094405A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
KR20200053503A (ko) | 2020-05-18 |
US20200308369A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
EP3683255A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
BR112020005075A2 (pt) | 2020-09-15 |
JPWO2019054493A1 (ja) | 2020-10-15 |
US11512182B2 (en) | 2022-11-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110520500B (zh) | 热线屏蔽微粒、其分散液、膜用涂布液、热线屏蔽膜、树脂膜、热线屏蔽微粒分散体 | |
JP5942466B2 (ja) | 複合タングステン酸化物微粒子分散ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物およびそれを用いた熱線遮蔽成形体並びに熱線遮蔽積層体 | |
JP4632094B2 (ja) | 高耐熱性マスターバッチの製造方法、熱線遮蔽透明樹脂成形体、並びに熱線遮蔽透明積層体 | |
JP5257626B2 (ja) | 高耐熱性マスターバッチ、熱線遮蔽透明樹脂成形体、並びに熱線遮蔽透明積層体 | |
US11235558B2 (en) | Solar radiation shielding laminated structure and method for producing the same | |
JP2012082326A (ja) | 高耐熱性熱線遮蔽成分含有マスターバッチおよびその製造方法、高耐熱性熱線遮蔽透明樹脂成形体、並びに高耐熱性熱線遮蔽透明積層体 | |
JP2011184522A (ja) | 近赤外線遮蔽ポリエステル樹脂組成物およびその成形体、並びに、その積層体 | |
US11512182B2 (en) | Solar radiation shielding fine particle dispersion body and process for producing the same, solar radiation shielding fine particle-containing masterbatch, and solar radiation shielding resin formed body and solar radiation shielding resin laminate using the same | |
JP6949304B2 (ja) | 熱線吸収成分含有マスターバッチおよびその製造方法、熱線吸収透明樹脂成形体、並びに熱線吸収透明積層体 | |
JP7070099B2 (ja) | 近赤外線吸収ポリエステル樹脂組成物とその製造方法および近赤外線吸収ポリエステル樹脂成形体 | |
CN116670072B (zh) | 热射线屏蔽树脂片材 | |
JP2010106247A (ja) | 六ホウ化物微粒子分散体の製造方法、熱線遮蔽成形体とその製造方法、熱線遮蔽成分含有マスターバッチとその製造方法、並びに熱線遮蔽積層体 | |
JP2008222863A (ja) | マスターバッチとその製造方法、及びこのマスターバッチを用いた成形体並びに該成形体を用いた積層体 | |
CN116802053A (zh) | 日照屏蔽用夹层结构体 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18856533 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2019542314 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112020005075 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2018856533 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20200415 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112020005075 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20200313 |