WO2019048118A1

WO2019048118A1 - Pole terminal

Info

Publication number: WO2019048118A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/069255
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dominik Jung; Matthias Engel
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2017-09-05
Filing date: 2018-07-16
Publication date: 2019-03-14
Also published as: CN111095679A; CN111095679B; DE102017215524A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a pole terminal for providing electrical contact with a pole (10), the pole axis (16) of which defines an axial direction, having a force element and a contact element, wherein: the force element which is used to exert a force on the contact element comprises a compression region and a force region; the contact element which is used to provide the electrical contact has a main body which has a receptacle for receiving the pole, a number of parting lines being provided in the main body; the force element and the contact element are arranged relative to each other such that the force element surrounds the contact element at least in some sections and such that the force element and the contact element are connected to each other at least in some sections via respective contact faces along which the force element and the contact element move relative to each other when the pole terminal (12) is operated.

Description

description

title

Pole Terminal The invention relates to a pole terminal for a pole, in particular a battery pole, for providing an electrical contact to this pole.

Background Art Pole clamps are used to make electrical contact to a pole, such as a pole of a battery. If an electrical contact to a battery terminal is to be provided, this is also referred to as a battery pole terminal or battery terminal. As battery terminals for use in motor vehicles, for example, forged components are used. These forging clamps are very stable, but relatively heavy. Battery pole terminals are also known, which are designed to make electrical contact with conical poles of car batteries, in particular those terminals in which the tightening process is connected during assembly with a tangential sliding movement relative to the pole surface.

It is an object of the invention to provide a pole terminal structure which permits a sliding-resistant fixation of an electrical contact on cone-shaped battery poles. In the case of known pole terminals, it is known that during the tightening process, ie after the pole terminal has been pushed onto the pole and during the actuation of a tightening mechanism, the pole terminals slide off the pole without elaborate precautions. Furthermore, it is found that after mounting on the pole, the pole terminals do not generate a sufficiently high clamping force to meet the requirements of the clamping strength. In this context, it should be noted that the mechanically and electrically reliable contacting of the battery to supply the electrical systems has a safety-relevant significance in automotive applications. In the vehicle manufacturers are battery systems with cone-shaped poles, z. B. according to

DIN EN 50342-2, without the possibility of positive engagement with the contact customer widespread and still required.

A mechanically fixed and at the same time reversibly releasable electrical contacting of such poles must therefore be realized by frictional engagement. In addition to the relatively soft and within certain limits malleable lead poles significantly harder poles, z. As poles made of brass, have an increasingly higher market share. The latter complicate a firm frictional contact, since plastic Einformungseffekte, as with lead poles, are hardly feasible. At the same time, the function as an electric current collector limits the choice of possible ones

Materials and surface modifications strongly. Also known is the use of metal materials, such. B. tin-plated Cu or Al alloys, in forging and stamping bending production. Particular challenges for the mechanical strength of the pole connection against sliding caused by stresses during operation, such as by vibration, thermal expansion cycles, and in particular by excessive forces during handling and under crash conditions. The latter challenges are formulated as standardized test requirements with regard to torque and pull-off force. These must be guaranteed not only when connecting for the first time, but also after multiple attachments and detachments of the same clamping mechanism. Consequently, the aging of the components must be taken into account. The terminal mounting on the pole should be uncomplicated and fast to accomplish. This means, in particular, the use of standard tools, such as screwdrivers, the use of only one operating element, such as a screw connection or a lever, with reasonable manual forces and moments for their operation and no elaborate positioning or holding aids , Finally, proper seating should be draw by easily visible optical criteria, eg. B. in terms of gap width, lever position, terminal seat on the pole, be verifiable.

The Zuziehvorgang itself often leads in practice to partial to complete slipping of the terminal from the pole. The reason for this lies in the conical shape of the pole which, in the case of clamping forces FA perpendicular to the pole axis, always causes a force component in the sliding pole axis direction in addition to the surface-normal contact forces. Reference is made to FIG.

The mechanical clamping strength can be optimized by maximum contact forces at maximum friction coefficients at the pole contact surfaces. The challenge here is the realization as a compact mechanism, which also in lightweight construction, z. B. with sheet materials, can be displayed, for example. By addition of a tangential looping.

Against the background of these requirements, a division of the functions Anpresskraftaufbringung and electrical or mechanical Polkontaktierung on two separate components: clamping force component, hereinafter also referred to as a force element, and Kontaktierkomponente, hereinafter also referred to as an intermediate element known.

Due to the structural division into two coordinated design elements, the respective properties can be optimally optimized by material and geometry design. In the foreground were the electrical terminal resistance, namely design contacting component, and the mechanical clamping strength, namely design Klemmkraftkompo- component.

The document EP 2 333 905 A1 describes a battery terminal, which serves to produce an electrical contact to a battery terminal, with an inner shell and an outer shell. The inner shell is designed as a contact clip. The outer shell is used for mechanical stabilization and assumes additional functions, such as. A rotation of a screw, a captive mother, a stabilization of a departure plate, a recording of a connection box, a label of battery poles u. ä. Disclosure of the invention

Against this background, a pole terminal according to claim 1 is presented. Embodiments emerge from the dependent claims and from the description.

The presented pole terminal serves to provide an electrical contact to a pole. The pole axis or central axis of the pole defines an axial direction. The pole terminal comprises a force element and a contact element. The force element, which serves to transmit a force to the contact element, comprises a compression region and a force region. The contact element serves to provide the electrical contact to the battery pole, to ensure the current transport and to make the mechanical friction contact with the pole surface and the contact surface to the force element. It has a base body which has a receptacle for receiving the pole, wherein a number of parting lines are provided in the base body. These joints, which are typically substantially in the axial direction, d. H. are aligned substantially parallel to the pole axis, when the contacting is arranged on the pole, facilitate the deformation of the contacting, as soon as the pole terminal is actuated, d. H. when the force element transmits an introduced force to the contacting element. During this actuation, the contacting element or the segments of the contacting element which are formed between the parting lines conforms to the pole. The segments are pressed against the pole, without causing the segments to slide over the pole surface.

In the presented pole terminal, the force element and the contact element are arranged such that the force element at least partially surrounds the contact element and that the force element and the contact element are at least partially connected to each other via respective contact surfaces along which the force element and the contact element upon actuation of the pole terminal itself move relative to each other. This means that when the pole terminal is actuated or tightened, a relative movement is detected. tion between the force element and contact element, typically a sliding movement along the facing contact surfaces.

With the presented pole terminal, at least in some of the embodiments, the problems mentioned above can be solved. The assembly process is simplified by reducing the tendency to slip, the resistance to external pull-off forces or twisting torques is increased. In particular, the pole terminal described also allows the realization of a corresponding pole terminal with sheet metal bending components.

The presented pole terminal is based on the functional division into two design elements, namely a force element and a contacting element. Basically, a one-piece or one-piece or a multi-part, in particular a two-part construction is possible. Both components can also consist of several subcomponents. The Polklemme goes beyond the state of the art in the coordination of the two design elements by specifying the aspects of contact geometry and friction: Thus constructive measures are described, which address the access behavior during assembly as well as the resulting sliding behavior and thus the reliable provision of the necessary Clamping strength and electrical contact.

It is thus described the design of a pole terminal, which can be easily positioned on the pole and mount without sliding and simultaneously optimizes the clamping connection in terms of their mechanical clamping strength and their electrical contact resistance, the disadvantages mentioned above, at least in some of Designs, to be avoided. Such a pole terminal can be realized in particular from sheet metal bending components.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.

It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained not only in the combination specified in each case, but which can be used in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a pole with pole terminal to illustrate the effect of force on contact surfaces.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a contacting element.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a geometric design of a contacting element that compensates for a cone shape of a pole relative to a force element.

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the presented pole terminal. Figure 5 shows a pole terminal, which operates on the forceps principle. Figure 6 shows a pole terminal, which operates on the train principle. Embodiments of the invention

FIG. 1 shows a pole 10 which is contacted with a pole terminal 12. For this purpose, a clamping force FA 14 is applied, which is directed perpendicular to the pole axis 16, which is defined by the center axis of the pole. The conical shape of the pole results in addition to the surface-normal contact force F 18 and a force component in sliding Polachsrichtung, the so-called Abgleitkraft FT 20. This must be compensated in many cases by a holding force FH24.

Figure 2 shows on the left side an embodiment of a Kontaktierelements, which is designated overall by the reference numeral 50. This contact element 50 comprises a main body 52 which encloses a receptacle, which is not visible in this illustration, since it lies inside. For making the electrical contact, the contacting element 50 is slipped over a pole so that it is received in the receptacle. In the main body 52 are dividing provided 54 which extend substantially in the axial direction, ie substantially parallel to the polar axis (reference numeral 16 in Figure 1). Furthermore, the figure shows a derivative 56 for deriving electrical current, which is formed in this case on the base body 52.

On the right side of Figure 2, the contacting element 50, which is surrounded by a force element 60, shown. This force element 60 serves to be able to initiate a force, wherein this force is transmitted to the contacting element 50, so that it rests securely on the pole and a good electrical contact, a contact with low contact resistance, is provided. The

Force on the force element 60 can be introduced in different ways. This can, for example, according to the pliers principle via lever or train principle, for example. With a screw, so that a tangential tensile force is initiated, be realized.

The parting lines 54 facilitate deformation of the contacting element 50 during assembly, in particular during fixing by introducing a force on the force element 60. FIG. 3 illustrates measures for compensating the conical shape of the pole and shows a pole 100 in a schematic representation on the left side a contact element 102 abuts, which in turn is surrounded or wrapped by a force element 104. Between the force element 104 and the contacting element 102, a first friction or contact surface 110 is formed. Zwi see the contacting element 102 and the pole 100 is a second friction or

Contact surface 112 formed. In one embodiment, it is now provided that by selecting the materials and / or by processing or treating the surfaces of the components at the first contact region 110, there is less friction than at the second contact region 112, in this way slipping the contacting element 102 off to prevent the pole 100 during assembly. Furthermore, in the figure, a possible design for current dissipation and power dissipation from the terminal contact to the connected electromechanical system (not shown) indicated. In this case, the external forces and moments generated by the pickup system (arrows 116, 114) are based on the contacting element 102 directly on the pole 100. Likewise, the electric Power over the contacting 102 transported between pole 100 and external system. The indicated positive engagement in the axial direction between the illustrated Abgangsausführung and the force element also acts as an axial fixation of the force element against slipping.

In an embodiment, measures for fixing the force element 104 during assembly may be provided. Fixing here means securing against axial slipping and / or securing against twisting, for example by means of form-locking measures.

The illustration further shows on the right side in section a specially formed contacting element 120 with a correspondingly formed force element 122. The concave shape of the contact surface 124 of the contacting element 120 and the corresponding convex shape of the contact surface 126 of the force element 122 results in a curved contact region 128, which prevents a relative movement of contacting element 120 and force element 122 in the axial direction and thus slipping.

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the pole terminal, which is denoted overall by the reference numeral 150. The illustration shows the contacting element 152 with a discharge 154, which is surrounded by a force element 156. At the upper boundary edge of the force element 156, two extensions 158 are formed, which prevent a rotation of the contact element 152. FIG. 5 shows a pole 200 which is surrounded by a contacting element 202.

In order to bring the contacting element 202 into contact with the pole 200, a force element 204 is provided, which in this case works according to the forceps principle and wraps or wraps around the contacting element 202. The force element comprises a force region 206 and a compression region 208, in this case a gap. With two levers 210, the force element 204 is closed, ie the compression region 208 decreases and the force region 206 of the force element 204 pushes radially inward on the contacting element 202, which then deforms and snuggles against the pole 200, without it to a Sliding movement between the surface of the pole 200 and contact surface of the contacting, which faces the pole 200 comes. The compression area 208 is shown here as a gap. Alternatively, this may also be an area in which a material other than in the force range is used and / or a lower material thickness than in the force range is used.

FIG. 6 shows a further pole 250, which is surrounded by a contacting element 252, which in turn is looped around by a force element 254. This likewise consists of a force region 256 and a compression region 258, for which the same as for the compression region 20 from FIG. 5 is applicable. By actuating a screw 260, the compression region 258 is compressed and the force region exerts a tensile force in the tangential direction, which causes a force to be exerted in the radial direction on the contacting element 252, so that it conforms to the pole 250. The tangential relative movements of the contact surfaces of the force element 254 relative to the pole 250, which possibly occur in the circumferential direction due to tensile deformation, should act primarily as relative sliding between force element 254 and contacting element 252 and not as friction-induced tangential relative movement between contacting element 252 and pole surface. This is particularly supported when the force element 254 and the contacting element 252 are formed such that the friction between the contacting

252 and the force element 254 lower than the friction between the contacting element 252 and the surface of the pole 250th

The presented pole clamp comprises all embodiments of the force element in which the clamping force structure is connected to a roof-like relative movement between the contact surface of the force element and the pole surface. These include in particular force elements that are based on the principle of wrap. The structure of a force normal to Polachse force occurs here by actuation of a tightening mechanism, such as by pulling or clamping a loop, whereby the construction of a tangential stress in the loop an associated elongation and thus a relative movement between the loop and pole surface with respect to the circumferential angle, a so-called elongation slide, connected. In particular, in the case of a diagonal screw as a tightening mechanism it comes in addition to the elongation also to a shear and thus connected to a sliding. The presented pole terminal can have the following characteristics in design, which can occur in any combination.

1) contact element with joints in the contact area

The contact element is at least in the region of the force element contact along the circumferential direction by interrupting the structural material cohesion, divided by so-called parting lines, in at least two contact sections or contact segments, so-called contact fingers, wherein the contact segments may belong to the same or to several separate sub-components. In this way, the radial positions and deformations of the individual contact segments in the clamping contact region are largely decoupled from each other in terms of power. Thus, the normal to the pole axis portions of the contact force generated by the external force element on the outside of the contacting substantially largely passed without weakening by structural deformation forces as the contact pressure of the contacting on the pole surface. In particular, this radial polar variations in the contact of the pole surface can be compensated by the contact segments with minimal contact force losses. Conversely, the necessary withdrawal forces during disassembly of the terminal from the pole after release of the force element are determined only by the elastic residual contact forces between the pole and contact fingers.

Depending on the desired behavior during assembly, two versions of the joints can be distinguished as expansion joints or as shrink joints and optimized in their respective function. Depending on the optimization of the overall design on the assembly process, both variants can occur together or exclusively: la) During assembly, the contact fingers are moved radially outwards by slipping on the conical PoloberDäche by sliding the contact element axially onto the pole, thereby widening the expansion joints in the circumferential direction. Advantage: prefixing by elastic clamping forces that prevent slipping Make it difficult to clamp by acting on the subsequent tightening of the force element external forces. lb) By tightening the force element during assembly, the contact segments are moved in the radial direction to the PoloberDäche and still open inner contacts between the pole and intermediate element thereby closed. This requires the design of the joints as sufficiently wide shrinking joints.

2) coupling of the tangential movement between the force element and pole of the intermediate element.

The contact fingers should slide as little as possible or not at all on the PoloberDäche after being pushed onto the Polkonus during the tightening process. This can be achieved by the following properties, which can occur individually or in combination:

2a) The internal friction μ, between contacting and pole face is greater than the corresponding to be designed outer friction μ ₃ between the force element and contact element. This happens, for example. By constructive measures such. B. by the choice of material, coating, roughness, use of lubricants. This makes it possible for the clamping force element to slide over a large area on the outside of the contacting element during the tightening process, while at the same time the contacting at the pole surface remains in or near the adhesion state. In addition, with a general minimization of μa, even the proportion of the applied by the movement mechanism

Tangential force can be minimized, which is compensated by the tangential friction bias in the outer frictional contact. As a result, a higher proportion of force is available for the structural mechanical diversion as a normal force in the inner contact. With a general maximization of μ independent of this, the semi-friction force can be maximized, which after the assembly is used to slip the

Intermediate element is to be overcome by the pole.

2b) By a rounded in a corresponding direction geometric design of the contact fingers together with a constructive rotation possibility of the fingers around the respective rounding axis, the tangential closing movement the force element during assembly in a rolling movement of the contact fingers are reacted on the pole surface. The kinematics of unwinding can be adjusted in particular by the axial course of contact surface radii and thickness of the contact fingers to the closing movement of the force element and optimized for optimum pressure distribution at the end of the assembly process.

2c) according to FIG. 2b, however, an additional pressing surface of the contact element is located between the contact finger and the pole surface, on the outer side of which the contact fingers roll and whose inner side produces the actual frictional connection with the pole surface. In this way, a structural separation according to the sub-functions "supporting the external forces at the pole" and "decoupling of tangential forces between force element contact and pole contact" is introduced, which allows a more constructive optimization of the sub-functions compared to point 2b.

3) Measures for fixing the force element in the axial pole direction during the tightening process

Due to the special geometry of the inner contacting element, the sliding of the outer force element in the axial pole direction during the infeed is to be prevented. This can be done by two measures:

3a) The inner contact element geometrically compensates the cone shape of the pole with respect to the contact surface of the outer clamping force element. Clamping forces normal to the polar axis can thereby be applied to the outside of the contacting element, without the corresponding external clamping force element experiencing an axial force in the sliding-down direction. In particular, for tolerance reasons, overcompensation is possible and useful, which generates a net force directed to the bottom of the pole under tightening conditions on the external force element.

3b) The inner contact element provides geometric in the axial pole direction a positive connection with the outer force element ago, for example. By a retaining clip, a step, a reverse cone shape or a groove. As a result, an axial sliding of the force element during the tightening process and in the clamping state is prevented. while a tangential glide remains possible. The positive connection can also be expressly represented by the terminal outlets required in point 4 below, in particular by a terminal outlet on the upper side of the pole.

4) Design of the contact element for current dissipation and initiation of the mechanical loads

The contacting element has above and / or below the Anpressbereichs a departure for the current dissipation and for introducing the outer mechanical loads. In this way, the latter are supported via the contact with the pole directly on the pole. The battery currents must then pass only the contact resistance between the pole and contact element. Both can be selectively optimized by constructive design of the inner contact surface of the intermediate element, so that the contact friction maximum and the contact resistance is minimal.

5) positive locking against rotation of the force element on the contact element The contacting element contains a structural expression, which serves as a positive rotation of the force element about the polar axis relative to the contact element. Such a support contact can be realized for example by one or more axial extension on the upper or lower boundary edge of the contacting, which are supported in corresponding recesses of the intermediate element against rotation. The support can also be made directly at the terminal outlet.

6) Positioning aid in the axial sliding of the contact element on the pole The contacting element contains structural features for support on

Polished bottom and / or for support on the top as a stop when pushing the terminals on the pole. Both act individually or in combination as a positioning aid of the terminal in Polachsrichtung. This simplifies the control of the assembly process with regard to the seat height and the paraxial alignment of the clamp.

Claims

claims

A pole terminal for providing an electrical contact to a pole (10, 100, 200, 250) whose polar axis (16) defines an axial direction, with a force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) and a contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252), wherein the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) serving to apply a force to the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202 , 252), a compression region (208, 258) and a force region (206, 256), the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252), which serves to provide the electrical contact, a base body ( 52), which has a receptacle for receiving the pole, wherein in the base body (52) a number of parting lines (54) is provided, the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) and the contacting element (50 , 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) are arranged relative to one another such that the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) at least in sections the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) surrounds and that the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) and the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252)

252) are connected to each other at least in sections via respective contact surfaces, along which the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) and the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) upon actuation of the pole terminal (12 , 150) move relative to one another.

2. pole terminal according to claim 1, wherein the parting lines (54) of the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) are aligned substantially in the axial direction.

3. pole terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) and the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) are formed such that the friction between the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) and the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) is lower than the friction between the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) and the surface of the pole (10, 100, 200, 250).

4. pole terminal according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which by shaping of the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) and / or the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) compensation the cone shape of the pole (10, 100, 200, 250) is reached.

5. pole terminal according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) operates on the forceps principle.

6. pole terminal according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) operates on the train principle.

7. pole terminal according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which measures for fixing the force element (60, 104, 122, 156, 204, 254) are provided during assembly.

8. pole terminal according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the contacting element (50, 102, 120, 152, 202, 252) has a derivative (56, 154) for the current dissipation

9. pole terminal according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a positive rotation is provided.

10. pole terminal according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a positioning aid is provided.