WO2019043692A1

WO2019043692A1 - Electrical machine with continuous geometry and rpm independent torque

Info

Publication number: WO2019043692A1
Application number: PCT/IL2018/050939
Authority: WO
Inventors: David Haitin
Original assignee: Serby, Reuven
Priority date: 2017-08-28
Filing date: 2018-08-26
Publication date: 2019-03-07
Also published as: WO2019043675A1

Abstract

An electrical machine or motor operates at uninterrupted continuous current in which magnets and windings are in continuous rings or cylinders. The motor is designed so that the field lines are homogeneous and perpendicular to the active segments of current conducting wires, while the produced torque is RPM independent.

Description

ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH CONTINUOUS GEOMETRY AND RPM INDEPENDENT TORQUE

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation in part patent application of commonly owned patent application number PCT/IL2017/050956, entitled: ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH CONTINUOUS GEOMETRY AND RPM INDEPENDENT TORQUE, filed on August 28, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to electrical machines.

BACKGROUND

There are a large variety of motor structures and designs in which the specific design dictates the optimal rotational speed in RPM as well as the rated output power. Motors may be defined according to two main types - the most common type (1) makes use of magnetic forces while the less common type (2) normally found in low power applications, makes use of Lorenz force, while with both conventional motor types torque and power consumption are RPM dependent.

High output power type 1 motors generally comprise multiple iron core coils to provide high magnetic force but also high induction electro-magnets, while the direction of the current is switched or toggled one or more times during a full rotor rotation cycle.

Low output power type 2 motors are normally coreless, and comprise multiple permanent magnetic poles. The current direction is switched or toggled one or more times during a full rotor rotation cycle.

The output power of an electric motor is proportional to its static force (Newton) multiplied by the radius of the rotor (Torque - Newton/meter), multiplied by angular velocity (RPM). With conventional motors, static force, torque and power consumption are all RPM dependent.

Conventional motors are designed and are limited to a specifically designed efficient and safe RPM range. At very slow angular velocity the motor may be damaged, and therefore a controlled soft start is required. At high RPM losses are rapidly increase until their effect is greater than that of the increase in torque.

Conventional motor operation is based on a phase or pole switching sequence. The switching leads to numerous disadvantages, including:

- coil current which creates the static force, is RPM dependent, while a relatively narrow RPM range allows efficient power production;

- the high induction coils under multiple phase current switching, delays current development (impedance) so that higher voltage is required, meaning higher energy consumption;

- a rotation cycle comprises angular intervals without any force, as well as certain intervals having an opposite force residue. The result is a slight decrease in the static rotational force; and,

- heat losses due to eddy currents induced within the core.

Conventional AC (Alternating Current) motors are normally synchronous, so that RPM is equal to the relatively low input frequency (mains). In addition a brushless AC motor comprises an additional relative expensive starting mechanism, which remains active until the motor reaches the rated RPM. In addition velocity control of large AC motors is complicated and expensive (over 35% of the motor itself) based on frequency conversion (inverter units). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An electrical machine may be operated at constant current in which magnets and windings are continuous rings or cylinders. Field lines are perpendicular to the radial windings of the coil or coil segments, thus according to the "right hand" rule producing a tangential static force and a rotational torque.

The present invention provides a method of operating the electrical machine comprising supplying the machine with a constant current, and/or maintaining the constant current over changes in angular velocity and independently of mechanical load. Furthermore a wound coil does not have an induction impedance while current is constant and continuous thus angular velocity or RPM (revolutions per minute) has no effect on the current, on the force and on the produced torque.

The disadvantages of the contemporary motors are minimized when both current and magnetic field are constant and continuous at any angle and at any RPM. A continuous geometry for coils and magnets as rings or cylinders around the axis of rotation is provided.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an electrical machine comprising a stator and a rotor, both arranged around a central axis, one of the stator and the rotor comprising at least one magnet and the other of the stator and the rotor comprising at least one coil, the at least one magnet and the at least one coil respectively forming rings or cylinders, being continuous around the central axis, wherein the at least one magnet and at least one coil overlie each other to provide field lines from the at least one magnet that cut perpendicularly the windings of the parallel coil.

In an embodiment, a narrow gap is provided between the rotor and stator element or elements.

In an embodiment, the coil comprises a substantially flat ring-shaped coil arrangement, and the at least one magnet comprises a first ring magnet on an upper side of the gap or slot and a second ring magnet on a lower side of the gap.

Other embodiments provide identical or opposite magnetic poles face each other across the coils gaps.

An embodiment provides a radial magnetized uniform pole round cylindrical magnet.

An embodiment provides a radial magnetized uniform pole straight cylindrical magnet.

An embodiment may include soft iron between the first magnet and a motor housing and between the second magnet and a motor housing.

In an embodiment, the substantially flat ring-shaped coil comprises an iron shield members preventing magnetic field from specific coil's segments.

In an embodiment, the rotor and stator comprise a round shape cylinder at a different diameters rotating around a central axis. In an embodiment, the rotor and stator comprise a straight pipe at a different diameters rotating around a central axis.

With all described embodiments, the rotor and stator may be invertible, meaning both may serve as rotor or as stator.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to an electrical machine. The electrical machine comprises: a stator and a toroidal rotor. The stator includes a including a toroidal stator body, the toroidal stator body in communication with a first support in a fixed orientation, and including a plurality of uniform current conductors winding perpendicular to a radial field, and, while in the presence of a continuous current supply provides a zero induction impedance. The toroidal rotor defines a radial magnetized magnet layer including: a rotor axis extending through the center of the toroidal rotor; and, a hollow interior, the hollow interior configured for receiving the toroidal stator, such that the toroidal rotor is rotatable with respect to the toroidal stator, about the rotor axis. The stator is spaced apart from the rotor by an air gap, to produce a uniform direction and RPM independent Laplace static force and an RPM independent mutual torque and angular acceleration, between the stator and the rotor.

Optionally, the toroidal rotor includes segments.

Optionally, the stator includes at least one flange extending from the toroidal stator body, the at least one flange being mounted to the first support.

Optionally, the segments of the toroidal rotor are disposed opposite of each other and each of the segments are attached to an oppositely disposed disk plate, the disk plates including a center point concentric with the rotor axis.

Optionally, the electrical machine additionally comprises: a central axis corresponding to the rotor axis and extending from the first support through each of the oppositely disposed disk plates.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to an electrical machine comprising a tubular stator and a rotor, which extends in the tubular stator. The Tubular stator comprises a radial magnetized magnet and including an interior area, the tubular stator in communication with a support in a fixed orientation. The rotor extends within the interior area of the tubular stator and rotatable therein. The rotor comprises a body; and, a plurality of longitudinally attached coil segments of uniform current conductors extending from the body. The coil segments including windings have a zero induction impedance while in the presence of a continuous current supply, to produce a uniform direction and RPM independent Laplace static force and an RPM independent mutual torque between the stator and the rotor. Each of the coil segments comprises: active conductors; and, parasitic conductors at least partially shielded to prevent an opposite force interference with the forces produced by the active conductors. Each self-flux (field) produced by each coil segment within the shield is parallel to the rotor radial field, to eliminate field-curving force effects between the each of the fields.

Optionally, the electrical machine additionally comprises: an axis extending longitudinally through body of the rotor at a center point, and the rotor rotates about the axis, the axis concentric with the center of the stator.

Optionally, the stator includes at least one flange extending from the stator, the flange being mounted to the support.

Other embodiments of the invention are directed to an electrical machine comprising: a first ring member defining a stator, and second magnetic ring members oppositely disposed from each other so as to define a gap therebetween for receiving the first ring member. The first ring member is in communication with a first support in a fixed orientation, the first ring member including a ring shaped radially wound coil layer having a zero induction impedance in the presence of a continuous current supply, to produce a uniform direction and RPM independent Laplace static force, and layers having active and parasitic conductor segments, and a double layer Ferro-magnetic core for shielding and preventing magnetic fields from the parasitic conductor segment. The second magnetic ring members are rotatable with respect to the first ring member, and the second magnetic ring members are oriented with respect to each other at opposite magnet polarities. An RPM independent mutual torque is produced between the stator coil layer and the second magnetic ring members.

Optionally, the first ring member includes at least one flange extending therefrom, the flange being mounted to the first support.

Optionally, the second magnetic ring members rotate about an axis concentric to the first ring member and the second ring members.

Other embodiments of the invention are directed to an electrical machine comprising: a first ring member defining a stator, and, second magnetic ring members oppositely disposed from each other so as to define a gap therebetween for receiving the first ring member. The first ring member is in communication with a first support in a fixed orientation. The first ring member includes a plurality of coil segments and has a zero induction impedance due to a continuous current supply, thus producing a uniform direction and RPM independent Laplace static force. Each of the coil segments is wound on a non ferro-magnetic core having active and parasitic conductor segments, with the parasitic conductor segments being sealed within a shielding cell and the active conductor segments for enhancing their effective magnetic field. The second magnetic ring members are rotatable with respect to the first ring member, the second magnetic ring members oriented with respect to each other at opposite magnet polarities, and rotate together to define a magnetic rotor. There is an RPM independent mutual torque between the said stator coil conductors and the magnetic rotor, and, the self-flux produced by the coil segments within the shield is parallel to the field produced by the magnetic ring members, thus eliminating a field-curving force between the two fields.

Optionally, the active conductor segments are shielded by iron plates.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to an electrical machine. The electrical machine comprises: a stator including a toroidal stator body, the toroidal stator body including a flange protruding from the stator body, the flange in communication with a first support in a fixed orientation, and including a plurality of uniform current conductors winding perpendicular to a radial field, and, while in the presence of a continuous current supply provides a zero induction impedance; and, a toroidal rotor defining a radial magnetized magnet layer. The toroidal rotor includes: a rotor axis extending through the center of the toroidal rotor; a hollow interior, the hollow interior configured for receiving the toroidal stator, such that the toroidal rotor is rotatable with respect to the toroidal stator, about the rotor axis; and, a peripheral slot extending into the rotor through which the flange extends. Additionally, the stator is spaced apart from the rotor by an air gap, to produce a uniform direction and RPM independent Laplace static force and an RPM independent mutual torque and angular acceleration between the stator and the rotor.

Optionally, the toroidal rotor includes segments.

Optionally, the stator includes segments. Optionally, the segments of the toroidal rotor are disposed opposite of each other and each of the segments are attached to an oppositely disposed disk plate, the disk plates including a center point concentric with the rotor axis.

Optionally, the hollow interior includes a magnetic cavity.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced. In the drawings:

FIG. 1, formed of FIGs. 1A and IB are schematic diagrams of cross sections of a round cylindrical electric motor having a rotor and stator;

FIG. 2, formed of FIGs. 2A, 2B and 2C are schematic diagrams of cross sections of a straight magnetic pipe and an internal rotor pipe;

FIG. 3, formed of FIGs. 3A, 3B and 3C are schematic diagrams of a cross section of an electric motor and of flat shape magnetic rings of opposite polarity rotor, and a radial winding around both sides of an intermediate Iron ring core stator; and^

FIG. 4, formed of FIGs. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams of a cross section of an electric motor and a pair of flat shape magnetic rings of opposite polarity rotor, and a vertical winding around a plurality of Iron segments implementing a full ring core stator;

FIG. 5A is a cross sectional view of another cylindrical electric motor having a rotor and stator; and,

FIG. 5B is a side view of the electric motor of FIG. 5Α.τ

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to an electrical machine and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to an electrical machine with a continuous geometry of magnets and coils around an axis of rotation.

An electrical machine operates at constant current for producing a rotational force around a central axis and provided with a ring or cylindrical shape layers of rotor and stator, layers that are made of homogeneous magnets or coil windings, while the machine is designed so that the field lines are always perpendicular to the active winding coils.

Furthermore a wound coil does not have an induction impedance while current is constant and continuous thus angular velocity or RPM has no effect on the current, on the force and on the produced torque.

Contrary to conventional motors, machines of the present embodiments produce a constant torque and consume a constant power while both are angular velocity (RPM) independent. The present embodiments make use of the Laplace force derived from Lorenz force, within a unipolar and homogenous magnetic field environment and are based on a manipulation of field strength (density), winding current, the conducting wires length and the field perpendicularity affecting active current conductors. In embodiments where parasitic conductors are present, the conducting wires length and field perpendicularity are minimized. That is to say the design is such that field lines may cross the coil conductors at right angles, and this feature unites the various embodiments herein.

In addition due to a continuous operating mode the present embodiments perform efficiently at any RPM, and contrary to known unipolar limited power applications the present embodiments may be scalable for a large range of output power. A feature of the present embodiments is a constant and continuous current at relative low power consumption. Current that produces a mutual constant and continuous tangential static force between a rotor and stator elements - an uninterrupted current and static force having no phase and/or current switching. Thus the current and static force are independent of angular velocity (RPM) enabling an unlimited high and efficient RPM as well as a safe stall situation.

The continuous operation electrical machine of the present embodiments may produce a constant static force and rotational torque by means of a large quantity of current conductor's perpendicular to a unipolar homogeneous and continuous magnetic field (flux). An efficient implementation is made possible due to the absence of impedance as well as eddy currents core losses, which is the outcome of continuous operation with no phase or current switching within a full axial rotation.

In addition the present embodiments provide a manipulation of the magnetic field strength (density) and perpendicularity in order to maximize field strength and perpendicularity affecting the active current conductors while minimizing the same for all parasitic conductors.

Considered in greater detail, the continuous tangential static force created between the homogeneous magnetic field and the plurality of perpendicular current conductors is a function of the field strength or density (Tesla) multiplied by the sum of the length of the conductors multiplied by the current (Ampere) in the conductors, which may be kept constant and uniform. Furthermore, due to a relative low Ohmic resistance and the lack of inductive impedance, the supply voltage is relative low, meaning relative low energy consumption.

Furthermore, current conductors perpendicular to the magnetic field are affected by a constant and uninterrupted Laplace force. The Laplace force is derived from the Lorenz force, and affects fast moving electrons within current conducting wires, forces that create a relatively large radial angular torque, a torque that pulls or pushes the current conductors as well as the magnetic source itself, thus creating a circular axial rotation in accordance with the "right hand" rule. The force direction is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the current conductors - meaning a clock wise (CW) or counter clock wise (CCW) tangential static force and torque on the motor's axis, according to the continuous current direction within the uniform current conductors. Force direction is maintained while symmetrically inverting in accordance with both field polarity and current direction.

The continuous operation method provides an additional source of efficiency - The static force is produced all the time and over a relative large area, given the diameter of the interaction surface of the magnetic/conductors, in contrast with narrow and alternating segments, the phases or poles, in conventional motors. Furthermore, even at high RPM the continuous method does not suffer negative effects such as a slow buildup of current and force, dead angles/zones of the rotor, and an opposite force residue acting against a smooth continuous rotation.

The continuous operation method provides additional properties compared with conventional motors - Velocity control is relative simple and inexpensive as current is constant and is not affected by varying RPM nor by varying mechanical load nor by varying source frequency of AC motors. Furthermore, heat dissipation of the continuous operation motor is relative low thus requires minimal cooling accessories.

The motor torque (Newton/meter) may be a function of the constant and continuous static force (Newton) multiplied by the radius (distance) of the interaction surface, and is the interaction between the magnetic field and the current conductors. In contrast with conventional motors, the torque may be constant and does not decrease as the RPM increases.

The constant torque multiplied by a relative high angular velocity (RPM) may provide an efficient output power.

Furthermore, the relative long current conductors may be separated into parallel connected segments reducing motor resistance and thus the required supply voltage.

In an embodiment, higher power demands may be met using a plurality of power modules propelling the same load at the same RPM.

Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components and/or methods set forth in the following description and/or illustrated in the drawings and/or the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. The following embodiments are based on the above discussed principles of a unipolar field, field manipulations, continuous operation, Laplace static force, tangential force direction, angular torque, output power and input power consumption.

Reference is now made to FIGs. 1A and IB, which illustrate an embodiment of the invention as an apparatus 100, which is an electric motor. The motor 1 includes a chassis 20, which supports a central rotation axis 10, fitted within a pair of bearings 11, 12. Oppositely disposed disk plates 13, 14, mounted on the central rotation axis 10, support magnets 30, which are, for example, formed as segments, for example, symmetrical magnet halves 30a, 30b. The disk plates 13, 14 include a enter point, which is, for example, concentric with the central rotational axis 10.

The magnet halves 30a, 30b are mounted to the respective disk plates 13, 14 by screws 30x. The magnets halves 30a, 30b combine to form an external cylinder 30, which is radially magnetized. The magnet halves 30a, 30b, for example, are of the same polarity, and together, define a narrow slot 31 along their outer perimeter.

A multi-layer wound cylindrical core 40 is installed in the interior 35 of the cylindrical magnet 30. A plurality of flanges 41 protrude from the core 40, and extend through the slot 31 between the magnet halves 30a, 30b. The flange 41 connects with the chassis 20 via a screw 41a or other mechanical mount. An air-gap 50, for example, of approximately 1.5 mm, extends between the magnet 30 and the core 40. The winding of the core 40 connects to a power-supply (not shown) via the slot 31. The windings serve as active conductors perpendicular to the radial field, and produce a unidirectional rotation force and moment. As a result, shielding is not required as there are not any parasitic wires.

In FIGs. 1A and IB, the outer cylinder 30 functions as a rotor and the inner cylinder 40 functions as a stator (stator body). The outer cylinder 30 and inner cylinder 40 are, for example, toroidal in shape. A mutual force between the rotor 30 and stator 40 is created.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 2A-2C, which is a diagram showing cross sections of an apparatus 200 including a straight rotating cylinder 240 within a stator pipe 230. The stator pipe 230 is coaxial and concentric with the rotating pipe or cylinder 240. The apparatus 200 of this embodiment comprises a chassis 220, and a central rotation axis 210 having a pair of bearings 211, 212. Magnet 230 is the external pipe connected via a plurality of connections, e.g., flanges, 231 to the chassis 220 and is radially magnetized. Internal cylinder 240 is positioned within an interior area 235 of the stator pipe 230, and there is an air gap 237 between the cylinder 240 and the stator pipe 230. The cylinder 240, in particular, the cylinder body 240a is mounted to the rotational axis 210, so as to be rotatable with the axis 210. The central rotational axis 210 extends longitudinally through a center point of the internal cylinder 240, e.g., the cylinder body 240a.

A plurality of coil segments 250 ("low" and "long") are attached to the body 240a of the internal pipe 240 as its outer surface 240b. This arrangement produces a unidirectional force and torque. Each coil segment 250 comprises active wire segments or layers 251 and parasitic wire segments or wires (not shown), which produce an opposite force. The active wire layers 251 are exposed, while the parasitic wires (parasitic wire segments) are sealed inside an iron shield cell 252. In addition the self- flux 253 produced by coil 250 is parallel to the magnet (stator) 230 and its field 232. This arrangement eliminates a field curving force between the two fields.

Regarding now FIGs. 3A-3C, 4A and 4B, there are shown embodiments of an apparatus, of parasitic conductor segments producing an opposite force and thus, a proper shielding is obtained by a sealed Ferro-Magnetic structure.

Reference is now made to FIGs. 3A-3C, which illustrates another embodiment apparatus 300, which is an electric motor comprising a rotor 330 of a pair of flat shaped magnetic rings of opposite polarity 331a, 331b, and a radial winding around both sides of an iron ring core stator 340 therebetween.

The chassis (or support) 320 supports a central rotation axis 310 having a pair of oppositely disposed bearings 311, 312. The rotor comprises magnets 331a, 331b, which are held by disk plates 313, 314, which rotate about the central axis 310. For example, the magnets 331a, 331b of the rotor 330 are in the form of rings or ring members, facing an opposite polarity and creating a vertical direct field between the N pole side and the S pole. A ferro-magnetic stator core 340, which defines a ring or ring-shaped member, comprises a multi- layer radial winded coil. The core includes flanges 341, which mount the stator core 340 to the chassis 320 at a cross bar 320a. The magnetic ring members 331a, 331b of the rotor rotate about the central rotational axis 310, which is concentric to the both the stator 340 ring member and the rotor 330 ring members 331a, 331b. The coil layers comprise plural segments 360-363, for example, of wire coils. Segment 360 includes active conductors while the remaining segments 361, 362, 363 are parasitic, producing an opposite force. The vertical parasitic wires 362, 363 are affected by a vertical parallel field, and thus, do not produce a force. The horizontal parasitic wires 361 are sealed in a shielding cell 352, formed of a top wall 342, a bottom wall 350 and vertical walls 354. With this embodiment apparatus 300, the vertical field is crossing a relative low amount of self-flux lines thus the field curving force effect is relative weak.

In alternative embodiments, additional magnets and coils may be installed on a longer axis. As a result, the mutual force between rotors 331a, 331b and stator 340 allows an opposite structure, where the coil or coils may serve as the rotating rotor.

The Laplace force produced by the active wires is a tangential static force. The static force multiplied by the interaction radius between the magnet and conductor rings and the axis produces an angular torque that is constant and continuous at any rotor angle and at any RPM including a stall situation. The constant torque may bring the rotor to any angular velocity while the only limitation is the centrifugal force.

The constant and un- interrupted torque together with a high RPM may produce a relative high and efficient output power measurable in Watts. A combination of continuous operation, without current or phase switching, a constant and un- interrupted current, the general lack of impedance and eddy currents, and the relatively low Ohmic resistance, leads to an improved efficiency.

Reference is now made to FIGs. 4A and 4B which shows an embodiment as an electric motor 400, with components similar to that of apparatus 300, with similar components having identical element numbers and in accordance with those elements detailed for apparatus 300 above, numbered comprising a pair of flat shape magnetic rings of opposite polarity 331a, 331b, which serve as a rotor 330, and a vertical winding around a plurality of iron segments 440a implementing a full ring core stator 440 therebetween.

The embodiment comprises a central rotation axis 310. The rotor 330 comprises magnets 331a, 331b facing an opposite polarity and creating a vertical direct field between the N pole side and the S pole. The ring shape stator 440 is made of a plurality of coil segments 440a. The coil segments 440a are wound on a non ferro-magnetic core 445 (e.g., Alumina), while wire layers 450 are the active conductors and wire layers 451 are the parasitic wires producing an opposite force. The parasitic wire layers 451 are sealed within a shielding cell 441, which shields at upper and lower sides and an outside lateral side, while being open at an inside lateral side. The active wires 450 comprise optional iron plates 442, 443, 444 enhancing their effective magnetic field.

The self-flux (represented by the arrow 456) produced by coil segments 440a is parallel to the field from the magnets 331a, 331b, thus eliminating a field curving force between the two fields.

Alternative embodiments of the apparatus 400 of FIG. 4A and 4B may include more magnets and coils, which are installed on a longer axis. As a result, the mutual force between rotor 330 and stator 440 allows an opposite structure where the coil or coils may serve as the rotating rotor.

Reference is now made to FIGs. 5A and 5B, illustrating another embodiment of the invention as an electric motor apparatus 500. In this apparatus 500, a magnetic rotor 502, toroidal in shape, and an inner wound toroidal stator 517 (only one half of the stator 517 is shown) create a mutual force between the rotor 502 and the stator 517.

The motor apparatus 500 includes a chassis 511a, 511b, 511c, which supports a central rotation axis 510 of the rotor 502. The axis 510 is mounted on the chassis 511a, 511b by oppositely disposed sets of bearings 510a, 510b. Ferro-magnetic plates 515a, 515b, which are for example, disk shaped, are connected to the axis 510 and support multiple magnets 513a, 513b, 513c, 513d, 513e. These magnets 513a-513e create a uniform pole tubular magnetic cavity 513x, which is hollow, and has a square or otherwise rectangular interior shape 516, with other shapes also permitted.

The plate 515a supports a magnet 513a which is, for example, formed as segments. The plate 515a also supports a vertical holding vertical plate 522 and a vertical holding plate 523a. The plate 515b supports a magnet 513b which is, for example, formed as segments. The plate 515b (via screws 515x or the like) also supports vertical holding vertical plate 522 and vertical holding plate 523b. The vertical plate 522 supports the magnet 513c peripheral ring, while the plate 523a (via screws 523x or the like) supports the magnet 513d peripheral ring, and the plate 523b supports the magnet 513e peripheral ring. A stator core or stator 517, attached to the chassis 511c by a shaft 525, extends through a peripheral slot 524 between magnets 513d and 513e. The multi- layer wound ring shape stator core 517 is positioned in the interior of the uniform pole tubular magnetic cavity 513x. The multi- layer winding over the stator core 517 is formed of wire segments 520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, with each segment affected by a perpendicular magnetic field. The wire segments 520a-520d are within the magnetic cavity 513x. with the magnetic cavity 513x having a uniform field, in accordance with the orientation of the poles of the magnets 513a-513e.

An air-gap 521, for example, of approximately 1.5 mm, extends between the magnets 513a-513e and the stator core 517. The winding of the stator core 517 connects to a power-supply (not shown) via the peripheral slot 524. The windings serve as active conductors perpendicular to the magnetic field, and produce a unidirectional rotation tangential force and a rotational torque, with an average torque radius 530 shown in FIG. 5B. As a result of the average torque radius 530, shielding is not required as there are not any parasitic wires producing an opposite force, and also, shielding produces negative effects on the force.

The stator core 517 is made of a Ferro-magnetic material such as soft Iron or compressed Iron powder. The stator core 517 may be in a single, segmented or multilayer structure.

It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant electrical machine designs will be developed and the scopes of the corresponding terms are intended to include all such new technologies a priori.

The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "having" and their conjugates mean "including but not limited to".

As used herein, the singular form "a", "an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and the above description is to be construed as if this combination were explicitly written. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention, and the above description is to be construed as if these separate embodiments were explicitly written. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An electrical machine comprising:

a stator including a toroidal stator body, the toroidal stator body including a flange protruding from the stator body, the flange in communication with a first support in a fixed orientation, and including a plurality of uniform current conductors winding perpendicular to a radial field, and, while in the presence of a continuous current supply provides a zero induction impedance; and,

a toroidal rotor defining a radial magnetized magnet layer including:

a rotor axis extending through the center of the toroidal rotor; and^ a hollow interior, the hollow interior configured for receiving the toroidal stator, such that the toroidal rotor is rotatable with respect to the toroidal stator, about the rotor axis; and,

a peripheral slot extending into the rotor through which the flange extends; and,

wherein the stator is spaced apart from the rotor by an air gap, to produce a uniform direction and RPM independent Laplace static force and an RPM independent mutual torque and angular acceleration between the stator and the rotor.

2. The electrical machine of claim 1, wherein the toroidal rotor includes segments.

3. The electrical machine of claim 1, wherein the stator includes segments.

4. The electrical machine of claim 2, wherein segments of the toroidal rotor are disposed opposite of each other and each of the segments are attached to an oppositely disposed disk plate, the disk plates including a center point concentric with the rotor axis.

5. The electrical machine of claim 3, additionally comprising: a central axis corresponding to the rotor axis and extending from the first support through each of the oppositely disposed disk plates.

6. The electrical machine of claim 1, wherein the hollow interior includes a magnetic cavity.