WO2019042955A1 - Élément éclairé à grande homogénéité de couleur - Google Patents

Élément éclairé à grande homogénéité de couleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042955A1
WO2019042955A1 PCT/EP2018/073066 EP2018073066W WO2019042955A1 WO 2019042955 A1 WO2019042955 A1 WO 2019042955A1 EP 2018073066 W EP2018073066 W EP 2018073066W WO 2019042955 A1 WO2019042955 A1 WO 2019042955A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layers
glass
colorants
lighting unit
windows
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/073066
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Roeder
Michael Kroeger
Original Assignee
Basf Se
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Basf Se filed Critical Basf Se
Publication of WO2019042955A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042955A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a lighting unit in form of laminated layers comprising a layer (A), a layer (B), wherein at least one of the layers (A) or (B) is optically transparent and the layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other, an interlayer (C), arranged between the layers (A) and (B) and arranged parallel to the layers (A) and (B) and at least one light source; the preparation of said lighting unit and the use of said lighting unit in applications like buildings, furniture, transportation units, facades, skylights, glass, roofs, stair treads, glass bridges, canopies and railings.
  • Glass panels or laminated units comprising at least one optically transparent layer are used for example as surfaces which may be optionally transparent in building and furniture and in the automotive and aeronautic field as well as for decoration purposes, information purposes or advertising purposes.
  • Laminated safety glass comprising sheets of glass and plastic, are used in areas where structural integrity after fracture is highly desired or required for safety reasons, especially but not exclusive in the fields of architectural glazing or automotive glazing.
  • the surface may be used for this purpose in illuminated form or in not illuminated form, where the illumination may be produced by suitable light sources. It is possible that the complete surface is illuminated, but it is also possible to apply pattern onto the surface. It is further possible to use different light sources, whereby for example colored or blocked lighting effects are produced.
  • the surfaces may be used for example in buildings, furniture, cars, trains, planes and ships as well as in facades, skylights, glass roofs, stair treads, glass bridges, canopies and railings.
  • WO 2007/023083 A1 relates to a glass assembly comprising a phosphorescent, luminescent substance and two outer cover glass parts, which are indirectly or directly connected, between which the luminescent substance is sandwiched.
  • WO 2007/023083 A1 The basic idea of WO 2007/023083 A1 is to protect the luminescent substance in phosphorescent glass assemblies from mechanical damage and decomposition. In WO 2007/023083 A1 , the luminescent substance is therefore "sealed" between glass parts. It is a drawback of the phosphorescent, luminescent substances that only low luminance is achieved and the switchability is not sufficient.
  • DE10231502A1 relates to a window element comprising at least one glass panel having at least at one side a silvering which reflects in one observation direction and is transparent in the oppo- site one observation direction (semipermeable mirror).
  • the window element comprises at least one lighting means which is arranged in front of the front surface of the glass panel and irradiates light into the front surface of the glass panel, whereby the glass panel acts as a light diffuses and the light being emitted as diffused light essentially orthogonal to the direction of irradia- tion.
  • the front surface of the glass panel can therefore be printed, sand-blasted, etched, coated, engraved or stucked at least on one side or has a malstructure inside.
  • DE10146604A1 relates to a window element comprising a frame structure that encloses at least two glass panels spaced from one another, wherein an intermediate space is defined by the distance between the two glass panels, wherein a lighting device with at least one lighting means is provided, said lighting device being arranged in the area of the frame structure and irradiating light essentially from the front surface, this light being at least partly deflected appro- ximately perpendicular to this direction of irradiation, so that said light falls inwards and/or outwards through one of the glass panels of the window element, whereby at least one of the glass panels acts as a light diffuser and for that purpose said glass panel is printed, sand-blasted, etched, coated, engraved or stuck at least on one side or has a malstructure inside.
  • DE10146604A1 as in DE10231502A1 concerning a suitable coating
  • DE102009006856A1 concerns a window comprising at least one luminous field comprising: a) a basic pane (1 ), b) at least one luminous field (2) applied onto the basic pane (1 ) comprising: b.1 ) a matrix (2a), b.2) luminous particles (2b) and c) at least one light source (3) arranged at the edge of the basic pane (1 ).
  • the luminous particles are according to DE102009006856A1 particles scattering light or emitting light by luminescence processes.
  • the layers (A) or (B) are optically transparent, and the layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other,
  • the functional interlayer (C) comprises luminous particles.
  • the absorption of light in optically transparent media, especially glass is dependent on the wavelength (color) of the light (absorption dispersion).
  • color the wavelength of the light (absorption dispersion).
  • (colored) light is coupled at one edge of a panel of an optically transparent media, especially glass, different colors will be absorbed differently.
  • the color emitted by the surface of the optically transparent media, especially glass will therefore vary depending on the position of the viewer. However, this color shift is not desired for a number of applications and especially disadvantageous in the case of white light.
  • a lighting unit with a uniform, preferably color tunable emission independently from the observed position on the lighting unit, which is easy to prepare especially based on elements known in the prior art and therefore not expensive.
  • the lighting unit should further provide improved structural stability before and after fracture. This object is achieved by a lighting unit in form of laminated layers comprising a) a layer (A);
  • the layers (A) or (B) are optically transparent, and the layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other,
  • the layers (A), (B) or (C) is covered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors.
  • the advantage of the lighting unit according to the present invention is that the color of light emission can be adjusted independent on the position on the surface of the optically transparent layer, especially glass and can be tuned by the color of the light source.
  • inventive lighting unit can be prepared by known processes, usually used for preparing laminated glass. Further, since a baking step is generally not necessary for introducing the colorant, it is possible to employ colorants having lower temperature stability than in the case of a baking step (temperature stability of colorants in said case: usually > 400°C).
  • the lighting unit according to the present invention is characterized by the emission of light in high color homogeneity, especially in the case of large displays comprising the inventive lighting unit.
  • the “colorant” comprises one or more reflecting and/or scattering pigments, which are usually not luminescent.
  • An advantage of using non luminescent pigments is that the emission color of the lighting unit can be controlled and is not dependent on the pigment in the lighting unit.
  • FIGS 1 to 5 preferred embodiments of lighting unit according to the present application are shown.
  • FIG 1 one embodiment of a lighting unit according to the present invention is shown, with three colorants generating different emission colors.
  • FIG 6 is the direction of light emission In figure 2 an example for a grid of colorants according to the present application is shown.
  • 3 is the interlayer (C) comprising three colorants, in form of a grid of colorants (5)
  • Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment one colorant comprising one or more reflecting and/or scattering pigments and a matrix.
  • FIG 4 one further embodiment of a lighting unit according to the present invention is shown, with one of three colorants generating emission.
  • the emission color of the light source By changing the emission color of the light source, only one colorant of the three colorants in the same lighting unit as in fig. 1 emits light. The color of the light emitted by the same lighting unit can therefore be changed by control of the light source.
  • 3 is the interlayer (C) comprising three colorants, in form of a grid of colorants (5)
  • the light source preferably LED(s), exciting one colorant
  • the intensity of the emitted light from the light emitting unit is equal to the product of the light intensity in the optically transparent layer and the reflectance of the colorants.
  • 3 is the interlayer (C) comprising three colorants, in form of a grid of colorants (5)
  • FIGS. 1 , 2, 3, 4 and 5 show preferred embodiments of the present application.
  • the lighting unit of the present application comprises a layer (A) and a layer (B), wherein at least one of the layers (A) or (B) is optically transparent.
  • optically transparent means completely optically transparent as well semi-transparent. Therefore, optically transparent means that at least 30% of the incident light enter through the layer (A) and/or (B), preferably 30% to 100%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably 50% to 100%, most preferably at least 80%, even more most preferably 80% to 100%.
  • the transparency (light transmission) of at least 30%, preferably 30% to 100%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably 50% to 100%, most preferably at least 80%, even more most preferably 80% to 100% is preferably determined as light transmission TL (380-780nm) based on EN 410. It is also possible that not the complete layer (A) and/or (B) is optically transparent, but only a part of layer (A) and/or (B).
  • the transparency is wavelength sensitive, i. e. optically transparent also means that the light transmission mentioned before is only for yellow light or only for green light or only for red light or only for blue light, but the light transmission is lower for light of other wavelengths.
  • layer (A) and/or layer (B) is a wavelength sensitive glass, for example a toned glass layer.
  • wavelength sensitive polymer layers for example toned polymer layers.
  • Suitable optically transparent materials for layers (A) and/or (B) are based on glass or transparent polymers, preferably glass, more preferably low-iron glass, or preferably PVC (polyvinylchlo- ride), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PS (polystyrene), PPO (polypropylene oxide), PE (polyethylene), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PP (polypropylene), PET (polypropylene terephthalate), PES (polyether sulfons), PI (polyimides) and mixtures thereof .
  • PVC polyvinylchlo- ride
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PPO polypropylene oxide
  • PE polyethylene
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polypropylene terephthalate
  • PES polyether sulf
  • the at least one optically transparent layer (A) and/or (B) is selected from glass, or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate).
  • optically transparent layer (A) and/or (B) might be coated with a functional layer for exam- pie but not limited to: color effect coating, low-e coating, mirror coating, partially silvered mirror coating, partially transparent mirror coating.
  • the optically transparent layer (A) and/or (B) might have an additional imprint.
  • An additional film might be on the optically transparent layer (A) and/or (B).
  • the film might be imprinted, having a certain optical transparency e.g. but not limited to for advertisements using the invention as backlight.
  • Suitable glasses and polymers are commercially available or preparable by processes known in the art.
  • Preferred polystyrenes and polycarbonates are the polystyrenes and polycarbonates mentioned as matrix (i) in the colorants and are described below.
  • the further layer (A) and/or (B) which is optionally not transparent may be for example a polished glass (metal coated glass), a metal foil, a metal sheet or frosted glass, respectively partially frosted glass. Further, non transparent polymer layers may be used.
  • both layers (A) and (B) are optically transparent and selected from an opti- cally transparent material mentioned before.
  • At least one of the layers (A) or (B) may comprise one or more functional features like a coating or printing for decorative or informative purposes, a sensor element for pressure (touch panel), heat, light, humidity, pH-value -for example to switch the light source-, or an integrated solar cell or a solar cell foil, for example for power supply of the light source.
  • the layer (A) and the layer (B) usually have independently of each other a thickness of 0.1 to 50 mm, preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, more preferably 1 .5 to 12 mm.
  • the area of the layers (A) and (B) may be the same or different and is preferably the same.
  • the area is usually 0.05 to 25 m 2 , preferably 0.08 to 15 m 2 , more preferably 0.09 to 10 m 2 .
  • At least one dimension of layers (A) and (B) is usually 0.1 to 10 m, preferably 0.25 to 5 m, more preferably 0.3 to 3 m.
  • At least one of the layers (A) or (B) is covered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors.
  • the layer (A) or (B) covered at least partially by a grid of colorants is optically transparent.
  • the layers (A) and (B) have an outer and inner surface.
  • the inner surface of layers (A) and (B) is the surface facing into the direction of the interlayer (C).
  • the outer surface of layers (A) and (B) is the opposite surface.
  • the inner surface of layer (A) and or (B) is covered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors. In this case, the colorants are protected from damage, e.g. abrasion.
  • the at least one interlayer (C) is arranged between the layers (A) and (B) and arranged parallel to the layers (A) and (B).
  • the interlayer (C) may be of any material which is useful in laminated glass. Therefore, suitable materials for the interlayer (C) are known by a person skilled in the art.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that material for the layers (A), (B), and (C) may be used which are usually employed in laminated glass.
  • the interlayer (C) is based on a ionomer (ionoplast), acid copolymers of a-olefins and ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl acetal (for example poly(vinylbutyral)) (PVB), including acoustic grades of polyvinyl acetal), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylenes (for example metallocene- catalyzed linear low density polyethylenes), polyolefin block elastomers, ethylene acrylate ester copolymers (for example poly(ethylene-co-methyl-acrylate) and poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate)), silicone elastomers, epoxy resins and mixtures thereof.
  • ionoplast ionomer
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PVB polyvinyl acetal
  • PVB
  • Suitable ionomers are derived from acid copolymers.
  • Suitable acid copolymers are copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • the acid copolymers usually contain at least 1 % by weight of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids based on the total weight of the copolymers.
  • the acid copolymers contain at least 10% by weight, more preferably 15% to 25% by weight and most preferably 18% to 23% by weight of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids based on the total weight of the copolymers.
  • the ⁇ -olefins mentioned before usually comprise 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the a-olefins are selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1 -butene, 1 -pentene, 1 -heptene, 1 -hexene, 3-methyl 1 -butene, 4-methyl-1 -pentene and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the a- olefin is ethylene.
  • the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids are preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, monomethyl maleic acid and mixtures thereof, preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the acid copolymers may further contain other unsaturated copolymers like methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, undecyl acrylate, undecyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, dode- cyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacryl
  • the other unsaturated comonomers are selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacry- late, vinyl acetate and mixtures thereof.
  • the acid copolymers may comprise up to 50% by weight, preferably up to 30% by weight, more preferably up to 20% by weight of other unsatu- rated copolymers, based on the total weight of the copolymer.
  • the acid copolymers are partially or fully neutralized with metallic ions.
  • the acid copolymers are 10% to 100%, more preferably 10% to 50%, most preferably 20% to 40% neutralized with metallic ions, based on the total number of moles of carboxy- late groups in the ionomeric copolymer.
  • the metallic ions may be monovalent, divalent, trivalent or multivalent or mixtures of said metallic ions.
  • Preferable monovalent metallic ions are sodium, potassium, lithium, silver, mercury, copper and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred divalent metallic ions are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred trivalent metallic ions are aluminum, scandium, iron, yttrium and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred multivalent metallic ions are titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, tantalum, tungsten, chromium, cerium, iron and mixtures thereof. It is preferred that when the metallic ion is multivalent, complexing agents, such as stearate, oleate, salicylate and phenylate radicals are included (see US 3,404,134).
  • More preferred metallic ions are selected from the group consisting of sodium, lithium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum and mixtures thereof. Furthermore preferred metallic ions are selected from the group consisting of sodium, zinc and mixtures thereof. Most preferred is zinc as a metallic ion.
  • the acid co- polymers may be neutralized as disclosed for example in US 3,404,134.
  • the ionomers usually have a melt index (Ml) of, less than 10 g/10 min, preferably less than 5 g/10 min, more preferably less than 3 g/10 min as measured at 190 °C by ASTM method D1238. Further, the ionomers usually have a flexural modulus, greater than 40000 psi, prefera- bly greater than 50000 psi, more preferably greater than 60000 psi, as measured by ASTM method D638.
  • Ml melt index
  • the ionomer resins are typically prepared from acid copolymers having a Ml of less than 60 g/10 min, preferably less than 55 g/10 min, more preferably less than 50 g/10 min, most prefer- ably less than 35 g/10 min, as determined at 190 °C by ASTM method D1238.
  • the interlayer (C) is based on an ionomer, whereby preferred ionomers are men- tioned before, polyvinylacetal, preferably polyvinylbutyral (PVB), ethylene-vinylacetate (EVA), ethylene/vinylalcohol/vinylacetal copolymer and epoxy pouring resins. More preferably, the interlayer (C) is based on an ionomer, whereby preferred ionomers are mentioned before, or polyvinylbutyral (PVB), whereby preferred PVB is mentioned below.
  • the functional interlayer (C) Commercial materials for the functional interlayer (C) are Trosifol ® , Butacite ® , Saflex ® , S-Lec ® , and SentryGlas ® .
  • the PVB is usually produced by known acetalization processes by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (“PVOH") with butyraldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, separation, stabilization, and drying of the resin.
  • PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
  • Such acetalization processes are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,282,057 and 2,282,026 and Vinyl Acetal Polymers, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Technology, 3rd edition, Volume 8, pages 381 -399, by B.E. Wade (2003), the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the resin is commercially available in various forms, for example, as Butvar® Resin from Solutia Inc., a subsidiary of Eastman Chemical Company.
  • PVOH residual hydroxyl content
  • PVB can be manufactured by hydrolyzing polyvinyl acetate) to PVOH, and then reacting the PVOH with butyraldehyde. In the process of hydrolyzing the polyvinyl acetate), typically not all of the ace- tate side groups are converted to hydroxyl groups. Further, reaction with butyraldehyde typically will not result in all hydroxyl groups being converted to acetal groups.
  • any finished polyvinyl butyral) resin there typically will be residual acetate groups (as vinyl acetate groups) and residual hydroxyl groups (as vinyl hydroxyl groups) as side groups on the polymer chain.
  • residual hydroxyl content is measured on a weight percent basis per ASTM 1396.
  • the polyvinyl butyral comprises about 8 to about 35 weight percent (wt. %) hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH, or about 13 to about 30 wt. %, about 9 to about 22 wt. %, or about 15 to about 22 wt. %; or for certain embodiments, about 17.75 to about 19.85 wt. % hydroxyl groups calculated as PVOH.
  • the resin can also comprise less than 15 wt. % residual ester groups, less than 13 wt. %, less than 1 1 wt. %, less than 9 wt. %, less than 7 wt. %, less than 5 wt. %, or less than 1 wt.
  • % residual ester groups calculated as polyvinyl ester, e.g., acetate, with the balance being an acetal, such as butyraldehyde acetal, but optionally being other acetal groups, such as a 2-ethyl hexanal acetal group, or a mix of butyraldehyde acetal and 2-ethyl hexanal acetal group.
  • the PVB of the present disclosure typically has a molecular weight of greater than or equal to 50,000, or about 50,000 to about 500,000, or about 70,000 to about 500,000 Daltons, or about 80,000 to about 250,000 Daltons, as measured by size exclusion chromatography using low angle laser light scattering.
  • molecular weight means the weight average molecular weight.
  • the PVB interlayers of the present disclosure comprise no plasticizer or may comprise one or more plasticizers.
  • the PVB interlayers comprise about 15 to about 100 phr (parts per hundred parts resin) total plasticizer.
  • the amount of plasticizer in the interlayer can be measured as parts per hundred parts resin (phr), on a weight per weight basis. For example, if 30 grams of plasticizer is added to 100 grams of polymer resin, then the plasticizer content of the resulting plasticized polymer would be 30 phr.
  • the plasticizer content of the interlayer is given, the plasticizer content is deter- mined with reference to the phr of the plasticizer in the melt that was used to produce the interlayer.
  • Suitable plasticizers for PVB are known by a person skilled in the art.
  • Plasticizers work by embedding themselves between chains of polymers, spacing them apart (increasing the "free volume") and thus significantly lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer resin (typically by 0.5 to 4 ⁇ Q>C/phr), making the material softer.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) is the temperature that marks the transition from the glassy state of the interlayer to the elastic state. In general, higher amounts of plasticizer loading will result in lower Tg.
  • Tg in the range of about - 5°C to 0°C for acoustic (noise reducing) interlayer to about 45 °C for hurricane and aircraft interlayer applications.
  • a particularly useful Tg for certain embodiments is in the range of about 25°C to about 45°C, or for other embodiments, a particularly useful Tg for certain embodiments of multilayer interlayers is in the range of about 25 °C to about 45 °C for skin and about -2°C to about 10°C for the core layer(s).
  • the thickness of the interlayer (C) is usually from 0.05 mm to 10 mm, more preferably from 0.2 mm to 6 mm, most preferably from 0.3 mm to 5 mm, further most preferably from 0.35 to 1.6.
  • the area of the interlayer (C) may be identical with or different from the area of the interlayer (A) and/or (B).
  • the area of layers (A), (B) and interlayer (C) are identical.
  • Suitable areas for the interlayer (C) are the same as mentioned for layers (A) and (B).
  • the interlayer may be comprised by several pieces of interlayer of smaller area, tiled side-by-side to be combined to become one larger interlayer.
  • interlayer (C) there is one interlayer (C) arranged between the layers (A) and (B).
  • more than one interlayers (C) are arranged between the layers (A) and (B), especially two, three or four functional interlayers (C).
  • the interlayers (C) are - in the case that more than one interlayer (C) is present - preferably different from each other.
  • At least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C) is covered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors
  • At least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C) in the lighting unit according to the present invention is covered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors.
  • the interlayer (C) is covered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors.
  • the colorants are present on at least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the interlayer (C), in form of a gradient, i.e., the amount of the colorants on at least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the interlayer (C), varies, depending on the dis- tance to at least one light source (D).
  • the interlayer (C) which is covered by colorants linearly scales with increasing distances to one light source (D). It is also possible that the different colorants are present in different amounts on at least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the interlayer
  • the colorants may cover the complete layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably interlayer (C), i.e. 100% of the area of the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably the interlayer (C).
  • colorants it is also possible that only a part of the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably the interlayer (C), is covered by colorants. Therefore, for example 0.5 to 50%, preferably 1 to 40 %, more preferably 2 to 30%, most pre- ferably 3 to 25% and even most preferably 4 to 20% of the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably the interlayer (C), are covered by colorants.
  • the colorants are present on the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the interlayer (C), in form a grid of colorants.
  • the colorants are usually present on the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the interlayer (C), in a thickness 100 nm to 50 ⁇ , preferably 5 ⁇ to 20 ⁇ .
  • the grid of colorants is usually known by a person skilled in the art and may for example be a dot screen or a line screen.
  • Typical dot shapes are round dots, elliptical dots, diamant-shaped dots, hexagonal dots or square dots .
  • the grid of colorants comprises three colorants generating different emission colors.
  • the colorants generating different emission colors in the grid of colorants are arranged next to each other.
  • the colorants which are present are present on the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the inter- layer (C), preferably comprise: i) at least one matrix (i); and
  • colorants like luminophores, plastizers, UV stabilizers, cross-linking agents, accelerants, photo-initiators, surfactants (preferably non polymeric dispersion agents), thixotropic modifiers.
  • the colorants are present on the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the in- terlayer (C), in the form of agglomerates.
  • said agglomerates have particle sizes of more than 400 nm.
  • the at least one matrix (i) present in the colorants according to the present application may be of any material known by a person skilled in the art useful for such a matrix.
  • Suitable matrix materials are polymers.
  • the polymers are usually inorganic polymers or organic polymers.
  • Preferred are polymers, wherein the at least one reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii) is homogeneously distributed without decomposition.
  • Suitable inorganic polymers are, for example, silicates or silicon dioxide.
  • silicates or silicon dioxide for example, this can be accomplished by deposition of the polymer from a waterglass solution.
  • the matrix (i) comprises homo- or copolymers of: (meth)acrylates, i.e.
  • polymethacry- lates or polyacrylates for example polymethylmethacrylate, polyethyl(meth)acrylate or poly- isobutyl(meth)acrylate; polyvinyl acetal), especially polyvinyl butyrate) (PVB), cellulose polymers like ethyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, hydroxy alkyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate), polystyrenes (PS), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyimides, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, polyamines, polycaprolactones, phosphoric acid functionalized polyethylene glycols, polyethylene imines, polycarbonates (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylenes (for example metallocene-catalyzed linear low density polyethylenes), castor oil, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, polybutene, silicone, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacryl
  • Preferred matrix materials (i) are selected from the group consisting of homo- or copolymers or (meth)acrylate, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, cellulose derivative like ethyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, hydroxy alkyl cellulose, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or mixtures thereof.
  • (meth)acrylate i.e. polymethylmethacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, cellulose derivative like ethyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, hydroxy alkyl cellulose, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or mixtures thereof.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate is obtainable by condensation of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid.
  • Preferred matrix materials (i) are organic polymers consisting essentially of polystyrene and/or polycarbonate, more preferably, the matrix consists of polystyrene or polycarbonate.
  • Polystyrene is understood to include all homo- or copolymers which result from polymerization of styrene and/or derivative of styrene.
  • styrene are, for example, alkyl styrenes such as omethyl styrene, ortho-meta- para-methylstyrene, para-butylstryrene, especially para-tert.-butystyrene, alkoxystyrene, such as para-methoxy styrene, para-butoxy styrene, especially para-tert.-butoxy styrene.
  • alkyl styrenes such as omethyl styrene, ortho-meta- para-methylstyrene, para-butylstryrene, especially para-tert.-butystyrene, alkoxystyrene, such as para-methoxy styrene, para-butoxy styrene, especially para-tert.-butoxy styrene.
  • suitable polystyrenes have a mean molar mass M n of 10000 to 1000000 g/mol (determined by GPC), preferably 20000 to 750000 g/mol, more preferably 30000 to 500000 g/mol.
  • the matrix (i) consists essentially of or completely of the homo- polymer of styrene or derivatives of styrene.
  • the matrix (i) consists essentially of or completely of a styrene copolymer which, in the context of this application, is likewise considered to be polystyrene.
  • Styrene copolymers may comprise as further constituents, for example butadiene, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, vinyl carbazoles or esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or itacrylic acid as monomers.
  • Suitable styrene copolymers comprise generally at least 20% by weight of styrene, preferably at least 40% by weight of styrene and more preferably at least 60% by weight of styrene. In another embodiment, they comprise at least 90% by weight of styrene.
  • Preferred styrene copolymers are styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN) and acrylonitrile-buta- diene styrene copolymers (ABS), styrene-1 ,1 -diphenylethylene copolymers, acrylic ester- styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (ASA), methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymers (MABS) and omethyl styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (AMSAN).
  • SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
  • ABS acrylonitrile-buta- diene styrene copolymers
  • ASA acrylic ester- styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
  • MABS methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymers
  • the styrene homo- or copolymers can be prepared for example by free-radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, or under the influence of organometallic catalysts (for example Ziegler-Natta-catalysts). This can lead to isotactic, syndiotactic, atactic polystyrene or copolymers. They are preferably prepared by free-radical polymerization.
  • the polymerization can be performed as a suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization or bulk polymerization.
  • Polycarbonates are polyesters of carbonic acid with aromatic or aliphatic dihydroxyl com- pounds.
  • Preferred dihydroxyl compounds are for example methylene, diphenylene, dihydroxyl compounds, for example bisphenol A.
  • polycarbonates One means of preparing polycarbonates is the reaction of suitable dihydroxyl compounds with phosgenes in an interfacial polymerization. Another means is the reaction with diesters of car- bonic acid, such as diphenyl carbonate, in a condensation polymerization.
  • polystyrenes or polycarbonates which have been polymerized with the exclusion of oxygen are used.
  • the monomers preferably comprise, during polymerization, a total of at most 1000 ppm of oxygen, more preferably at most 100 ppm and especially preferably at most 10 ppm.
  • the preparation of the polycarbonates and polystyrenes mentioned above as well as the preparation of the other compounds mentioned as matrix material (i) according to the present invention is known by a person skilled in the art. Generally, the matrix materials (i) mentioned above, are commercially available.
  • Suitable matrix materials may comprise, as further constituents, additives such as flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, free-radical scavengers, antistats. Such further constituents are known to those skilled in the art and usually commercially available.
  • additives such as flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, free-radical scavengers, antistats.
  • further constituents are known to those skilled in the art and usually commercially available.
  • polystyrenes or polycarbonates used as matrix (i) which do not comprise any antioxidants or free-radical scavengers.
  • the matrix materials (i), especially the polystyrenes or polycarbonates are transparent polymers.
  • suitable matrix materials (i), especially suitable polystyrenes or polycarbonates are opaque polymers.
  • the matrix (i) consists essentially of or completely of a mixture of polystyrene and/or polycarbonate with other polymers, but the matrix (i) preferably comprises at least 25% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, most preferably at least 70% by weight of polystyrene and/or polycarbonate. In another embodiment, the matrix consists essentially of or completely of polystyrene or polycarbonate or a mixture of polystyrene and polycarbonate in any ratio.
  • polystyrenes respectively the polycarbonates are employed as mixtures of different polystyrenes, respectively different polycarbonates.
  • the matrix (i) may be mechanically reinforced for example with glass fibers.
  • reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii) usually all suitable reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii) material known in the art can be employed.
  • the reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii) are usually colored (for example red, green or blue) pigments or white pigments.
  • the pigments are organic or inorganic pigments.
  • the organic pigments also include organic dyes.
  • Suitable inorganic pigments are for example:
  • Copper pigments like:
  • Cobalt pigments like:
  • Ultramarine (PB29) a complex naturally occurring pigment of sulfur-containing sodio- silicate (Na8-ioAl6Si6024S2-4)
  • Cobalt pigments like:
  • Copper pigments like:
  • Prussian Blue a synthetic pigment of ferric hexacyanoferrate (Fe7(CN)ie).
  • the dye Marking blue is made by mixing Prussian Blue and alcohol.
  • YlnMn Blue a synthetic pigment discovered by Dr. Mas Subramanian's lab at Oregon State University (Ylni- x Mn x 0 3 )
  • Cadmium pigments like:
  • Cadmium Green a light green pigment consisting of a mixture of Cadmium Yellow (CdS) and Viridian (Cr203)
  • PG18 a dark green pigment of hydrated chromic oxide (C ⁇ Cyl-bO)
  • Cobalt pigments like:
  • Cobalt green also known as Rinman's green or Zinc green (CoZn02)
  • Copper pigments like:
  • Verdigris various poorly soluble copper salts, notably cupric acetate (Cu(CH3C02)2) and malachite (Cu2C0 3 (OH) 2 )
  • Green earth also known as terre verte and Verona green
  • Cadmium pigments like:
  • Cadmium Yellow PY37
  • CdS cadmium sulfide
  • Cobalt pigments like:
  • Aureolin(also called Cobalt Yellow) PY40: Potassium cobaltinitrite (K 3 Co(N0 2 )6).
  • Titanium pigments like:
  • Zinc Pigments like: • Zinc Yellow (PY36): Zinc chromate (ZnCr0 4 ), a highly toxic substance with anti-corrosive properties which was historically most often used to paint over metals.
  • Cadmium pigments like:
  • Cadmium Orange (PO20) an intermediate between cadmium red and cadmium yellow: cadmium sulfoselenide.
  • Chrome Orange a now obscure pigment composed of a mixture of lead chromate and lead(ll) oxide. (PbCr0 4 + PbO)
  • Cadmium pigments like:
  • Cadmium Red PR108
  • CdSe cadmium selenide
  • Iron oxide pigments like:
  • Burnt Sienna a pigment produced by heating Raw Sienna.
  • ⁇ Minium (pigment) also known as red lead, lead tetroxide, Pb30 4
  • Clay earth pigments (naturally formed iron oxides) like:
  • Raw Umber a natural clay pigment consisting of iron oxide, manganese oxide and aluminum oxide: Fe203 + Mn02 + nhbO + Si + AIO3. When calcined (heated) it is referred to as Burnt Umber and has more intense colors.
  • Raw Sienna PBr7
  • PBr7 a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment from limonite clay. Used in art since prehistoric times.
  • Manganese dioxide blackish or brown in color, used since prehistoric times (Mn02) Titanium pigments like:
  • Titanium Black Titanium(lll) oxide ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3)
  • Antimony pigments like: • Antimony White: Stibous Oxide (Sb 2 0 3 )
  • Titanium pigments like:
  • Zinc pigments like:
  • Suitable organic pigments are for example:
  • Suitable organic dyes are for example:
  • the reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii) has a mean particle size according to DI N 13320 of 0.01 to 30 ⁇ , preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ , more preferably 1 to 10
  • the colorants comprise at least one matrix (i), selected from polystyrene, polycarbonate, ethyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, hydroxyl alkyl cellulose, poly(meth)acrylate, copolymers comprising (meth)acrylate or mixtures thereof; and
  • the lighting unit according to the present application comprises on the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably on the interlayer (C), colorants, wherein said colorants comprise 0.5 to 60% by weight, preferably 2 to 55% by weight, more preferably 5 to 52% by weight of at least one reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii), based in each case on the total amount of the colorants, which is 100% by weight.
  • the colorants preferably comprise i) 40% by weight to 99.5% by weight, 45% by weight to 98% by weight, more preferably 48% to 95% by weight of at least one matrix (i), ii) 0.5 to 60% by weight, preferably 2 to 55% by weight, more preferably 5 to 52% by weight of at least one reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii),
  • the lighting unit according to the present invention may comprise in addition to the layers (A), (B) and (C) at least one interlayer (I).
  • Said interlayer (I) is arranged between the layers (A) and (B) and arranged parallel to the layers (A) and (B) with direct contact to the interlayer (C).
  • the interlayer (I) is either arranged between the layers (A) and (C) or between the layers (C) and (B). It is possible that one interlayer (I) is present or that more than one interlayer (I), for example 2 or 3 interlayers (I), are present. In the case that more than one interlayers (I) are present, the interlayer (C) may be arranged between two interlayers (I).
  • the interlayer (I) may be of any material which is useful in the lighting unit according to the present invention, especially in laminated glass. Therefore, suitable materials for the interlayer (I) are known by a person skilled in the art. Suitable material for the interlayer (I) is the material mentioned as material for the interlayer (C).
  • the at least one interlayer (I) usually has a thickness of 0.05 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 6 mm, most preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm, further most preferably 0.35 to 1 .6 mm.
  • the lighting unit therefore comprises:
  • the layers (A) or (B) are optically transparent, and the layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other,
  • c' at least one interlayer (I), arranged between the layers (C) and (B) and arranged parallel to the layers (C) and (B); and/or arranged between the layers (A) and (C) and arranged parallel to the layers (A) and (C);
  • At least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C) is covered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors.
  • Suitable and preferred materials and properties of the layers (A), (B), (C) and (I) as well as suitable light sources (D) and suitable further components of the lighting unit are mentioned above and below. At least one light source (D)
  • the light source (D) may be any light source known by a person skilled in the art as useful for lighting units.
  • the light source (D) is selected from the group consisting of LEDs (light emitting diode), OLEDs (organic light emitting diode), laser and gas-discharge lamps.
  • the light source (B) is selected from the group consisting of LEDs and OLEDs, more preferred are LEDs.
  • Preferred light sources show a low power consumption, a low mounting depth and very flexible wavelength ranges, which can be chosen depending on the necessity (a small wavelength range or a broad wavelength range).
  • Suitable wavelength ranges for the light source (D) are for example 440 to 470 nm (blue), 515 to 535 nm (green) and 610 to 630 nm (red).
  • light sources (D) with different wavelengths may be combined or light sources having the desired color of light (for example white light) can be employed.
  • the emission spectrum of an OLED may for example selectively adjusted by the device structure of the OLED. Therefore, the light source (D) preferably emits light in a wavelength range of 250 to 1000 nm, preferably of 360 to 800 nm. More preferably, the light source emits light with a wavelength (peak wavelength) of 360 to 650 nm.
  • the light source may emit light which is a composition of more than one spectral emission lines.
  • the wavelength of light emitted by the light source is adjustable. It is therefore possible the change the color of the light emitted by the lighting unit according to the present invention.
  • one or more light sources can be used. Preferably, 1 to 200 light sources, more preferably 1 to 100 light sources, most preferably 1 to 50 light sources are used in the lighting unit according to the present application.
  • Said light sources emit in an identical wavelength range or in different wavelength ranges, i. e. said light sources emit with the same color of light or with different colors of light.
  • the light sources employed in the lighting unit according to the present application emit in the same color of light or in three different colors of light, i.e. usually red, green and blue.
  • red, green and blue emitting light sources (D) desired different light colors can be adjusted.
  • the light source (D) preferably shows a directional light radiation.
  • the angle of radiation is preferably less than 120° more preferably less than 90°, most preferably less than 45°.
  • the lighting unit according to the present application comprises in a preferred embodiment at least one optical element (E) which is arranged between the at least one light source and the laminated layers, at the edge of said laminated layers.
  • at least one optical element (E) which is arranged between the at least one light source and the laminated layers, at the edge of said laminated layers.
  • more than one light source it is possible to employ also more than one optical element, i.e. preferably as many optical elements as light sources are present.
  • Suitable optical elements are known by a person skilled in the art. Examples for suitable optical elements are lenses or cylindric lenses.
  • the optical element(s) is (are) placed in the path of light emitted from the light source(s) into the edge of the laminated layers.
  • the optical element(s) can be attached (e.g. glued) directly to the light source(s), or can be attached (e.g. glued) to one edge of the laminated layers, or can be attached to a profile, which fixes the position of light source(s), to the position optical element(s) and of laminated layers to each other.
  • the lighting unit comprises at least one light source at each edge of two edges of the laminated layers, especially at two edges which are opposite to each other. Lighting Unit
  • the lighting unit according to the present invention is in the form of laminated layers comprising a) a layer (A);
  • the layers (A) or (B) are optically transparent, and the layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other,
  • the lighting unit further optionally comprises at least one interlayer (I) in addition to the interlayer (C).
  • the lighting unit further optionally comprises at least one optical element (E).
  • the layers (A), (B), (C), (I), the light source (D) and the optical element (E) are described before.
  • the layer thickness of the layer (A) is preferably 0.1 to 50 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, most preferably 1 .5 to 12 mm.
  • the layer thickness of layer (B) is preferably 0.1 to 50 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, most preferably 1.5 to 12 mm.
  • the layer thickness of the functional interlayer (C) is preferably 0.05 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 6 mm, most preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm, further most preferably 0.35 to 1 .6 mm.
  • the lighting unit preferably comprises one, two, three or four interlayers (C), preferably one or two and most preferably one interlayer (C).
  • the at least one light source (D) is arranged at an edge of the laminated layers.
  • the light source (D) is preferably arranged in a way that the radiation is irradiated parallel to the interlayer (C). Therefore, the light source is preferably arranged on the face side of the light- ing unit. Suitable embodiments showing the arrangement of the lighting unit are shown in the figures.
  • the light source (D) is arranged in the middle of the total height of the lighting unit. Suitable positions of the light source are for example shown in the figures.
  • the light sources are - in the case that more than one light source is employed - arranged in a line preferably with identical distance to the laminated layers of the lighting unit. More preferably, the light sources are arranged at at least one edge of the lighting unit. However, in a further preferred embodiment, the light sources are arranged at two edges of the laminated layers, preferably opposite to each other.
  • the number of light sources (D) usually depends on the desired luminous intensity and the effi- ciency of the light source and the area of the laminated layers.
  • the light sources are arranged at two edges of the laminated layers opposite to each other, it is possible to further reduce inhomogeneities for example because of light absorption in the layers of the lighting unit.
  • an optical element (E) may be present, for example a cylindrical lens. With the optical element, it is possible to optimize the distribution of the light in the lighting unit.
  • the optical ele- ment is usually arranged between the light source (D) and the laminated layers of the inventive lighting unit.
  • the preparation of the lighting unit according to the present application is usually carried out as known in the art.
  • the process of preparing the lighting unit according to the present invention com- prises the steps of:
  • the layers of the lighting unit are laminated by any process known in the art, for example by stacking of the layers of the lighting unit and laminating by for example placing it under vacuum in a vacuum bag and backing it in an autoclave, for example at 100 to 180 °C and for example at a pressure of from 2 to 20 bar and/or for example for 0.5 to 10 hours. iii) Mounting the at least one light source (D) at an edge of the laminated layer
  • the light source is usually applied to the laminated layers after lamination as known by a person skilled in the art.
  • the light source, as well as optional optical ele- ments are fixed to the laminated layers by a profile, for example by an LED-profile.
  • a profile for example by an LED-profile.
  • the covering of layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably of layer (C), with at least two colorants generating different emission colors is usually carried out by any known method, for example by printing, e.g. screen printing, pad printing or inkjet printing, slot-die coating or by coating, e.g. slot- die, slit, roller, curtain coating, dip coating, stamping or spraying.
  • the covering with the at least two colorants generating different emission colors is carried out by screen printing or inkjet printing.
  • the colorants are usually applied to the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), in form of a printing formulation (ink).
  • Said printing formulation comprises besides the colorant comprising at least one matrix (i) and at least one reflecting and/or scattering pigment (ii) usually at least one solvent.
  • the at least one solvent is usually an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents, wherein the colorants are dissolved or dispersed.
  • Suitable solvents are for example alkanols, like n- and i-alkanols, for example ethanol, iso- propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol; texanol; butylcarbitol; etherol or alcohol based acetates like butylcarbitol acetate, methoxypropylacetat, propylenglykolmethyletheracetat, propylenglykoldi- acetat; dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether; glyme, diglyme; or linear or branched alkyl acetates with 3 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • alkanols like n- and i-alkanols, for example ethanol, iso- propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol; texanol; butylcarbitol; etherol or alcohol based acetates like butylcarbito
  • Said printing formulation is processed to the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), for exam- pie by printing, e.g. screen printing, pad printing or inkjet printing, or by coating, e.g. slot-die, slit, roller, curtain coating, dip coating, stamping or spraying. It is also possible to apply the colorants only to a part of the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C).
  • At least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), is cov- ered at least partially by a grid of colorants, wherein the grid comprises at least two colorants generating different emission colors.
  • Step i) is therefore preferably carried out as follows: A1 ) Applying one first colorant to the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), for example by pad printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, slit coating or dip coating;
  • A2) Applying one second colorant to the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), for example by pad printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, slit coating or dip coating;
  • Az in the case of more than two colorants, applying one z's colorant to the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), for example by pad printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, slit coating or dip coating; or B) Applying all (at least two, preferably three) colorants at the same time to the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), for example by inkjet printing.
  • the grid of colorants on the layer (A), (B) or (C), preferably layer (C), is realized as known by a person skilled in the art. Methods for applying the grid of colorants are mentioned before.
  • the grid may for example be in form of a dot screen or in form of a line screen.
  • Grid is applied either during printing as mentioned above or by a patterning process known by a person skilled in the art, for example by selective photopatterning, selective edging, or by selective graving.
  • the solvent is removed by a process known in the art, e.g. by heating under ambient or by heating under laminar gas flow, or by heating under controlled atmosphere e.g. under a vacuum.
  • Typical printing formulations are known by a person skilled in the art.
  • Preferred printing formulations comprise:
  • a-Terpineol 70 to 90 % by weight, based on the total amount of the formulation
  • EFKA PX 4330 70%) (0.1 to 5 % by weight, based on the total amount of the formulation), titanium yellow or cobalt green (5 to 15 % by weight, based on the total amount of the formulation),
  • ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial 0.5 to 10 % by weight, based on the total amount of the formulation
  • DISPARLON 6700 (0.5 to 10 % by weight, based on the total amount of the formulation), (ii)
  • Diacetin 70 to 90% by weight
  • ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing for- mulation
  • DISPARLON 6700 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • a-Terpineol 70 to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • Solsperse 36000 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • titanium yellow or cobalt green 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • DISPARLON 6700 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • a-Terpineol 70 to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • Disperbyk 180 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • titanium yellow or cobalt green 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • DISPARLON 6700 (0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation).
  • a-Terpineol 70 to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • Disperbyk 2022 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • titanium yellow or cobalt green 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation
  • DISPARLON 6700 (0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the printing formulation).
  • Solsperse 36000 polyamine dispersant
  • Ethocel ethyl cellulose
  • Disparlon 6700 fatty acid diamide of ethylene diamine
  • Disperbyk 180 oligomeric MPEG-phosphate dispersant
  • Disperbyk 2022 acrylate copolymer dispersant
  • the lighting unit according to the present application may be used in any useful application for lighting units.
  • Examples for useful applications are the use of a lighting unit according to the present invention in buildings, furniture, cars, trains, planes and ships.
  • present invention is useful in all applications, in which illuminated glass is of benefit.
  • the lighting units according to the present application are for example used in in buildings, furniture, in transportation units, preferably in boats, in vessels, in spacecrafts, in aircrafts, in trains, in automotive, in trucks, in cars, as well as in skylights, glass roofs, stair treads, glass bridges, canopies, railings, car glazing, train glazing, for insulating glass units, windows, rotating windows, turn windows, tilt windows, top-hung windows, swinging windows, box windows, horizontal sliding windows, vertical sliding windows, quarterlights, store windows, light domes, doors, horizontal sliding doors in double-skin facades, facades, closed cavity facades, all-glass con- structions, D3-facades, facade glass construction elements, interactive facades, curved glazing, formed glazing, 3D three-dimensional glazing, wood-glass combinations, over head glazing, roof glazing, bus stops, shower wall, indoor walls, indoor separating elements in open space offices and rooms, outdoor walls, stair treads, glass bridges, aquaria, balconies, privacy glass, figured
  • the present invention therefore further relates to the use of the inventive lighting unit in in buildings, furniture, in transportation units, preferably in boats, in vessels, in spacecrafts, in aircrafts, in trains, in automotive, in trucks, in cars, as well as in skylights, glass roofs, stair treads, glass bridges, canopies, railings, car glazing, train glazing, for insulating glass units, windows, rotating windows, turn windows, tilt windows, top-hung windows, swinging windows, box windows, hori- zontal sliding windows, vertical sliding windows, quarterlights, store windows, light domes, doors, horizontal sliding doors in double-skin facades, facades, closed cavity facades, all-glass constructions, D3-facades (Dual, Dynamic Durable Facade), facade glass construction ele- merits (e.g.
  • a film and/or an imprinted film might be put on one or more surfaces.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the inventive lighting unit for control of radiation, especially UV radiation (100-400 nm), visible radiation (400 nm to 700 nm) and infrared radiation (700 nm to 1 mm), i.e. near infrared (700 nm to 1400 nm), short wave length infrared (1 .4 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ ), mid length infrared (3 ⁇ to 8 ⁇ ), long wave length infrared (8 ⁇ to 15 ⁇ ) and far infrared (15 ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ ), for optical control and/or for acoustical control.
  • UV radiation 100-400 nm
  • visible radiation 400 nm to 700 nm
  • infrared radiation 700 nm to 1 mm
  • near infrared 700 nm to 1400 nm
  • short wave length infrared (1 .4 ⁇ to 3 ⁇
  • mid length infrared 3 ⁇ to 8 ⁇
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the inventive lighting unit for thermal insulation, i.e. insulation against heat, insulation against cold, sound insulation, shading and/or sight protection.
  • the present invention is preferably useful when combined with further glass layers to an insulation glass unit (IGU), which can be used for building facades.
  • IGU insulation glass unit
  • the IGU might have a double (Pane 1 + Pane 2), or triple glazing (Pane 1 + Pane 2 + Pane 3), or more panes.
  • the panes might have different thicknesses and different sizes.
  • the panes might be of tempered glass, tempered safety glass, laminated glass, laminated tampered glass, safety glass.
  • the lighting unit according to the present application may be used in any of the Panes 1 , 2, 3.
  • Materials can be put into the space between the panes.
  • such materials might be wooden objects, metal objects, expanded metal, prismatic objects, blinds, louvres, light guiding objects, light guiding films, light guiding blinds, 3-D light guiding objects, sun protecting blinds, movable blinds, roller blinds, roller blinds from films, translucent materials, capillary objects, honey comb objects, micro blinds, micro lamella, micro shade, micro mirrors insulation materials, aerogel, integrated vacuum insulation panels, holographic elements, integrated photovoltaics or combinations thereof.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the inventive lighting unit in heat-mirror glazing, vacuum glazing, multiple glazing and laminated safety glass.
  • the present invention is preferentially useful when combined with further glass layers to an insulation glass unit (IGU), which can be used for building facades.
  • IGU insulation glass unit

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une unité d'éclairage sous forme de couches stratifiées comprenant une couche (A), une couche (B), au moins une des couches (A) ou (B) étant optiquement transparente et les couches (A) et (B) étant agencées de manière parallèle, une couche intermédiaire (C), agencée entre les couches (A) et (B), parallèlement aux couches (A) et (B), et au moins une source de lumière. L'invention concerne aussi la préparation de ladite unité d'éclairage et l'utilisation de ladite unité d'éclairage dans des applications telles que des bâtiments, des meubles, des unités de transport, des façades, des puits de lumière, des vitres, des toits, des marches d'escalier, des ponts en verre, des verrières et des balustrades.
PCT/EP2018/073066 2017-08-30 2018-08-28 Élément éclairé à grande homogénéité de couleur WO2019042955A1 (fr)

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EP17188629 2017-08-30
EP17188629.4 2017-08-30

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WO2020247233A1 (fr) * 2019-06-04 2020-12-10 Corning Incorporated Fenêtre avec conduit de lumière et structures de diffusion de lumière
CN113666231A (zh) * 2021-08-28 2021-11-19 福建力霸机械科技股份有限公司 爬梯联动天窗开合结构及施工升降机吊笼
LU102499B1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-10 Lusoco B V Automobile Lighting

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020247233A1 (fr) * 2019-06-04 2020-12-10 Corning Incorporated Fenêtre avec conduit de lumière et structures de diffusion de lumière
LU102499B1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-10 Lusoco B V Automobile Lighting
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CN113666231A (zh) * 2021-08-28 2021-11-19 福建力霸机械科技股份有限公司 爬梯联动天窗开合结构及施工升降机吊笼
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