WO2019041498A1 - 一种光固化3d打印机以及3d打印方法 - Google Patents

一种光固化3d打印机以及3d打印方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019041498A1
WO2019041498A1 PCT/CN2017/107961 CN2017107961W WO2019041498A1 WO 2019041498 A1 WO2019041498 A1 WO 2019041498A1 CN 2017107961 W CN2017107961 W CN 2017107961W WO 2019041498 A1 WO2019041498 A1 WO 2019041498A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
storage unit
wavelength
photosensitive resin
less
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/107961
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李厚民
许蓓蓓
刘振亮
王翊坤
朱凯强
Original Assignee
北京金达雷科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京金达雷科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京金达雷科技有限公司
Publication of WO2019041498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019041498A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of 3D printers, and more particularly to a photocurable 3D printer employing an LCD display unit.
  • the photocuring rapid prototyping technology is more common, which uses a liquid state photosensitive resin (UV) to polymerize under illumination, and the light source is irradiated according to the cross-sectional shape of the solid to be solidified, so that the liquid photosensitive resin is After the layers are solidified, they are cumulatively stacked to form a solidified body.
  • UV liquid state photosensitive resin
  • the photocuring rapid prototyping apparatus mainly includes a selective laser curing device (SLA, also known as a stereoscopic curing device) and a mask photocuring device (DLP).
  • SLA selective laser curing device
  • DLP mask photocuring device
  • the selective laser curing device focuses a laser of a specific intensity at a wavelength of 405 nm onto the surface of the liquid photosensitive resin, and cures it in a line-to-line, line-to-face order to complete a cross-sectional thin layer of an object to be printed. Subsequently, another cross-section thin layer is cured in this way, so that the successively cured cross-sectional thin layers are superimposed on each other to finally complete a three-dimensional object to be printed. Since the SLA-based 3D printing apparatus employs the above-described curing program, it is slow in speed and low in efficiency when printing large three-dimensional objects or printing a plurality of three-dimensional objects.
  • the mask photocuring device uses a DLP projector to project a two-dimensional pattern of a cross section of the object to be printed on the liquid photosensitive resin, so that the liquid photosensitive resin solidifies a thin layer of a corresponding shape according to the pattern. Thereafter, the cured thin layer is adhered layer by layer to form a cured printed object.
  • the mask photocuring device is capable of printing large three-dimensional objects quickly and has a high resolution. However, due to the need to use DLP equipment, it is expensive and can be purchased and used by non-average consumers.
  • both the selective laser curing device and the mask photocuring device have complicated optical paths, resulting in a longer delay in printing, thereby reducing curing efficiency.
  • the prior art CN103722745A describes an LCD liquid crystal display unit. 3D printing technology, in which it is proposed that when printing with an LCD liquid crystal display unit, the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source ranges from 300 nm to 700 nm.
  • the present invention provides a photocurable 3D printer having high printing performance.
  • a photocuring 3D printer comprising: a storage unit for accommodating a liquid photosensitive resin and a light source disposed under the storage unit, the light center wavelength is greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm, and the bottom of the storage unit is configured to display to block A pattern consisting of a light-shielding area of light and a light-transmitting area that transmits light.
  • the light source emits light having a wavelength of 410 nm to 416 nm.
  • the light source emits a center wavelength of light of 415 nm.
  • the storage unit comprises a pool and an LCD display unit, wherein the bottom wall of the pool is at least transparent, and the LCD display unit is disposed below or above the bottom wall of the pool.
  • the storage unit includes a side wall that is sealingly coupled to the LCD display unit to form a storage unit for containing the liquid photosensitive resin.
  • a photocuring 3D printer comprising: a storage unit for containing a liquid photosensitive resin and a light source disposed under the storage unit, wherein a bottom of the storage unit is configured to display light having an occlusion wavelength of greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm a light-shielding region and a pattern of light-transmitting regions that transmit light having a wavelength greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the light source emits a center wavelength of light greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm; or the light source emits light having a wavelength greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • a 3D printing method comprising: accommodating a liquid photosensitive resin in a storage unit; displaying a pattern consisting of a light shielding area for blocking light and a light transmitting area for transmitting light by an LCD display unit; and illuminating with a light source having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm
  • the light source emitted by the light source in the above embodiment has a center wavelength of 415 nm.
  • a 3D printing method comprising: accommodating a liquid photosensitive resin in a storage unit; and displaying, by the display unit, a light-shielding region that blocks light having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm and a light-transmitting region that transmits light having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm Pattern; illuminating with a light source a display unit that illuminates the liquid photosensitive resin contained in the storage unit through the storage unit and the display unit to cure it into a shape corresponding to a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be printed.
  • a photosensitive resin composite material for photocuring 3D printing which contains a photopolymerization initiator component having a sensitive wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the photopolymerization initiator component contained has a sensitive wavelength of 415 nm.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of a photocured 3D printer
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an LCD display unit
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the effect of light wavelength on photocuring 3D printing speed and the effect of LCD lifetime.
  • Fig. 1 the operation of the photocured 3D printer of the present invention will be described. As shown, it includes:
  • the bottom wall 11 of the photosensitive resin pool is made of a transparent material capable of transmitting light through the light source assembly;
  • the light source assembly 2 is located at a lower portion of the resin pool corresponding to the position of the photosensitive resin pool;
  • the control unit may be an external computer, or may be composed of a chip and a control panel of the 3D printer, for controlling the printing pattern displayed by the LCD display unit;
  • the LCD display unit 5 is disposed on the outer surface of the bottom wall of the photosensitive resin pool 1. Under the control of the control unit, the printing pattern is displayed so that the light passes through the bottom of the photosensitive resin cell 1 after the pattern area is printed by the LCD display unit. The wall finally solidifies the liquid photosensitive resin contained in the photosensitive resin bath 1 on the carrier platform 3.
  • the carrying platform 3 is for carrying a printing object, and is located at an upper portion of the photosensitive resin pool 1, and is vertically movable along a guiding column (not shown) on one side of the 3D printer.
  • the LCD display unit 5 is disposed on the outer side of the bottom wall 11 of the resin pool bottom 1.
  • the LCD display unit 5 may be disposed at the bottom of the photosensitive resin pool 1.
  • the inside of the wall 11 is such that light passes first through the bottom wall 11 of the photosensitive resin bath 1, and then through the LCD display unit 5, and finally the liquid photosensitive resin contained in the photosensitive resin bath 1 is solidified on the carrying platform.
  • the transparent bottom wall of the photosensitive resin pool 1 can also be replaced by the LCD display unit 5, that is, the LCD display unit 5 directly serves as the bottom wall of the resin pool, and the resin pool is formed by sealing the side wall with the LCD display unit. In the space for accommodating the liquid photosensitive resin.
  • the basic composition of the photocured 3D printing is described above with reference to FIG. 1 in order to help understand the improvement and the effect of the 3D printing technology of the present invention, and is not utilized in the structure of the 3D printer, especially in the printer.
  • the specific structure of each component (such as the structure and composition of the light source component, the shape or structure of the load bearing platform, etc.) is defined. Referring to the description herein, those skilled in the art can understand that the light selection scheme described herein is applicable to a plurality of light-curing 3D printing apparatuses and brings corresponding effects.
  • a general LCD has a lower polarizer 5-1, a TFT substrate 5-2, a liquid crystal layer 5-3, a color filter 5-4, and an upper polarizer 5-5 which are disposed layer by layer from bottom to top.
  • the light is converted into polarized light by the lower polarizer 5-1, and the polarization direction of the upper polarizer 5-5 is orthogonal to the plane of polarization of the polarized light.
  • the light emitted by the light source unit 2 is converted into polarized light via the lower polarizer 5-1.
  • the polarization direction changes when the light passes through the liquid crystal layer 5-3, so a certain proportion of light can pass through the color filter 5-4 to reach the upper polarizer 5-5, and then The upper polarizer 5-5 is ejected, and finally the liquid photosensitive resin carried in the photosensitive resin bath 1 is irradiated to be solidified on the surface of the carrying platform 3.
  • the light ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5-3.
  • the polarization direction of the polarized light does not change.
  • the polarization direction of the upper polarizer 5-5 is orthogonal to the plane of polarization of the polarized light, the light cannot pass through the upper polarizer 5-5. . That is, when the LCD display unit 5 is not energized, even if the light source unit 2 is used to illuminate the LCD display unit 5, light is not transmitted to cure the liquid photosensitive resin in the photosensitive resin bath 1.
  • the control unit is pre-set with a pattern of all cross-sections of the object to be printed. At the beginning of printing, the control unit can transmit a certain cross-sectional pattern of the printed object to the LCD display unit 5, so that the LCD display unit 5 can be presented with the pattern. Corresponding light transmission area.
  • the light-transmitting region can transmit the light emitted by the light source component 2, and the light-emitting region blocks the light emitted by the light source. The shaded area that passed. Therefore, after the light passes through the LCD display unit 5, the liquid photosensitive resin can be cured into a thin layer having the same shape as a cross-sectional pattern of the printed object.
  • the light source unit 2 is turned off after being turned on for a while, and at this time, the control unit controls the LCD display unit 5 to switch to display the next cross-sectional pattern of the printed object.
  • the carrier platform 3 is moved up a short distance to allow a new liquid photosensitive resin to flow in.
  • the light source assembly 2 is turned on again, and the next cross section of the printed object is solidified and accumulated in the lower portion of the thin layer formed previously. Repeat the above process to finally form a complete printed object.
  • the wavelength of the light source since the light has a shorter wavelength and higher energy, considering the structural characteristics of the LCD liquid crystal display unit, when the LCD display unit is illuminated by a light source of 400 nm or less, the energy is accumulated inside the display unit. And it is difficult to be released, which will cause the life of the LCD display unit to be greatly shortened, and even directly cause damage to the LCD display unit. For example, there are currently tests that use a light source with a wavelength of 365 nm to continuously illuminate an LCD display unit. The LCD display unit can be damaged by energy accumulation within a few hours.
  • the service life is longer than 3000 hours, and there is substantially no significant change during the normal use period, thereby ensuring the working life of the whole machine.
  • a photopolymerization initiator added to the liquid photosensitive resin is capable of absorbing radiant energy and undergoing chemical changes upon excitation to produce an active intermediate having a polymerization-initiating ability.
  • the photopolymerization initiator plays a decisive role in the curing rate of the photosensitive resin, and the liquid photosensitive resin to which no photopolymerization initiator is added does not cure regardless of the wavelength of light to be irradiated.
  • the absorption peak of the photopolymerization initiator is in the ultraviolet band, but as the wavelength of the light increases, the absorption value will fluctuate.
  • the researchers found that as the wavelength of light gradually increases, the reaction speed of the initiator increases first, then decreases, and the light in the low wavelength range and high wavelength range is the initiator.
  • the triggering speed is not as good as the light in the middle wavelength range.
  • the photopolymerization initiator It has a good priming effect, so that the photosensitive resin can be cured quickly.
  • the photosensitive resin has a preferable photocuring speed at 410 nm to 418 nm, and when the photopolymerization initiator sensitive wavelength is from 410 nm to 418 nm.
  • the researchers were surprised to find that when the wavelength of the photopolymerization initiator is 415 nm at a wavelength of 415 nm, the curing speed of the photosensitive resin is at or near optimum. That is to say, using a light source capable of emitting light with a wavelength of 415 nm, the printing speed can be the fastest; equally important, at a wavelength of 415 nm, the light has no significant effect on the lifetime of the LCD, so that the LCD performance is basically within the normal use period. No significant changes.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the effect of light wavelength on the photocuring 3D printing speed and the effect of LCD lifetime. It can be seen that when the wavelength is 415 nm, the photopolymerization initiator is close to or optimal, and equally important is the change in LCD lifetime. On the curve, the LCD lifetime at 415 nm is higher. Other values greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm are distributed on both sides of the 415 nm, and different print speed performance and LCD lifetime indices are obtained with the changes in the curves shown in FIG.
  • 415 nm is a preferred embodiment of the light source of the LCD photocuring 3D printing apparatus of the present invention and the photopolymerization initiator wavelength in the photosensitive resin employed.
  • the printing experiment was carried out with a printing thickness of 0.1 mm. When the wavelength of the light source was 415 nm, the printing speed reached a layer of about 2 s every time, and the life of the screen reached the demand of the actual use scene for the screen life.
  • the center wavelength of the light is greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm
  • the frequency of the light emitted by the light source inevitably includes a wavelength range greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm due to reasons such as a light source device.
  • the present invention does not require that the wavelength of the light of the light source can only be in the range of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the utilization of light energy will be insufficient, and a better light curing speed cannot be obtained. Or it may affect the life of the LCD display. Therefore, based on the research by the inventors of the present invention, the practice of initiating the photopolymerization initiator by the wavelength within the above range to effect the curing of the resin should be within the scope of the present invention.
  • the light source when the light source is used to initiate the photopolymerization initiator with light having a wavelength of 415 nm, light of a wavelength band of less than 415 nm or greater than 415 nm is also affected by factors such as devices, and if the quality of the light source is better, the center wavelength is The energy of the light on both sides of the 415nm drops rapidly. Even so, the light of the light source may include light having a wavelength of 405 nm or more or 420 nm or more, but it is apparent that the light of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm, especially the light of 415 nm, acts on the initiator and is preferable for extending the life of the LCD.
  • the effect therefore, still achieves the curing of the photosensitive resin mainly by using the wavelength range of the light rays protected by the present invention, and therefore cannot be denied because the emitted light of the light source includes the light outside the wavelength range of the light of the present invention.
  • the 3D printer includes a resin pool for containing a liquid photosensitive resin and a light source disposed under the resin pool, wherein a bottom of the storage unit is configured to be displayed to block A light-shielding region having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm and a transmission region having a transmission wavelength of light having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the bottom of the storage unit is configured to display a pattern composed of a light-shielding region and a light-transmitting region for blocking light having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm, and the light-transmitting region is used for a transmission wavelength greater than 405 nm. Light to less than 420 nm.
  • This embodiment is different from the above embodiment in that the bottom of the resin pool can be configured to transmit light having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm, and to block light having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the emitted light of the light source is allowed to further include light outside the wavelength range of 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the wavelength of the light source is more concentrated in the range of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm, especially when concentrated at a wavelength of 415 nm, the energy of the wavelength effective for the polymerization initiator in the light will be more. Thereby, the curing speed of the photosensitive resin can be increased.
  • the display unit (for example, LCD or other display device) disposed at the bottom or below of the resin pool has the ability to block light in a wavelength range of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm, and the display unit is not required to have only occlusion greater than 405 nm. To the wavelength range of less than 420 nm.
  • the present invention can be realized as long as the display unit can transmit or block light having a wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the display unit can block or transmit light in a wavelength range of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm, and also has the ability to transmit or block light outside the range, since it still utilizes light of a wavelength greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm to the photosensitive resin
  • the method of curing still falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a 3D printing method, comprising: accommodating a liquid photosensitive resin in a storage unit; displaying a pattern composed of a light-shielding region shielding light and a light-transmitting region transmitting light by the LCD display unit; and having a wavelength greater than 405 nm Illuminating the LCD display unit with a light source of less than 420 nm, the light illuminating the liquid photosensitive resin contained in the storage unit through the storage unit and the LCD display unit to cure it to be printed
  • the light source emits light in a wavelength range of 414 nm to 416 nm, and in particular, the wavelength of the emitted light is concentrated at 415 nm.
  • a further 3D printing method provided by the embodiment of the invention includes: accommodating a liquid photosensitive resin in a storage unit; displaying a light-shielding region occluding a light having a wavelength greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm and a light having a transmission wavelength greater than 405 nm to less than 420 nm in a display unit; a pattern of light transmissive areas;
  • Illuminating the display unit with a light source Illuminating the light passing through the storage unit and the display unit illuminating the liquid photosensitive resin contained in the storage unit to be solidified into a cross-sectional pattern with the object to be printed The corresponding shape.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a photosensitive resin composite material for photocuring 3D printing, which contains a photopolymerization initiator component having a sensitive wavelength of more than 405 nm to less than 420 nm.
  • the photopolymerization initiator component contained has a sensitive wavelength of 415 nm.

Abstract

一种光固化3D打印机，包括：用于容纳液态光敏树脂的储存单元(1)和布置于所述储存单元(1)下方的光源(2)；以及，光源(2)以中心波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线照射配置成显示以遮挡光线的遮光区域和透过光线的透光区域组成的图案的储存单元(1)的底部；储存单元(1)中盛放的光敏树脂在所述光线照射下发生固化，所述光敏树脂中含有光聚合引发剂的敏感波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm。

Description

一种光固化3D打印机以及3D打印方法
本申请要求于2017年8月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710757432.0、发明名称为“一种光固化3D打印机以及3D打印方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印机领域，特别涉及采用LCD显示单元的光固化3D打印机。
背景技术
在3D打印技术中，较为常见的是光固化快速成型技术，其利用液体状态的光敏树脂(UV)在光照下发生聚合反应，以光源按照待固化实体的截面形状进行照射，使液态光敏树脂逐层固化成型后累积叠加，最终形成固化实体。
目前，基于上述原理的光固化快速成型装置主要包括选择性激光固化装置(SLA，又称立体光固化成型装置)和掩膜光固化装置(DLP)。
选择性激光固化装置采用405nm波长的特定强度的激光聚焦至液态光敏树脂表面，使其按照由点到线、由线到面的顺序固化，从而完成一个待打印物体的横截面薄层。随后，再按照这种方式固化另一横截面薄层，使先后固化的横截面薄层相互叠加，最终完成一个待打印的三维物体。这种基于SLA技术的3D打印装置由于采用上述固化程序，因此在打印大型三维物体或打印多个三维物体时，速度缓慢，效率低。
掩膜光固化装置采用DLP投影仪在液态光敏树脂上投射待打印物体某一横截面的二维图形，使液态光敏树脂按照该图形固化出相应形状的薄层。之后，固化的薄层一层层地粘附累加，从而形成固化的打印物体。掩膜光固化装置能够快速打印较大三维物体，并具有较高的分辨率。但是，由于需要采用DLP设备，因此其价格昂贵，非一般消费者能够购买使用。
另外，无论是选择性激光固化装置还是掩膜光固化装置，都具有复杂的光路，导致其在打印时具有较长的延时，从而降低了固化效率。
在先技术CN103722745A中记载了一种采用LCD液晶显示单元进行 3D打印的技术，该文件中提出采用LCD液晶显示单元打印时，光源照射光的波长的范围为300nm～700nm。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有高打印性能的光固化3D打印机。
一种光固化3D打印机，包括：用于容纳液态光敏树脂的储存单元和布置于所述储存单元下方的光源，光线中心波长为大于405nm至小于420nm，所述储存单元的底部配置成显示以遮挡光线的遮光区域和透过光线的透光区域组成的图案。
优选的，所述光源发射的光线波长为410nm至416nm。
优选的，所述光源发射的光线中心波长为415nm。
上述实施例中，所述储存单元包括池和LCD显示单元，其中所述池的底壁是至少透明的，所述LCD显示单元覆设于所述池的底壁下方或上方。
上述实施例基础上，所述储存单元包括侧壁，所述侧壁与LCD显示单元密封连接形成用于容纳液态光敏树脂的储存单元。
一种光固化3D打印机，包括：用于容纳液态光敏树脂的储存单元和布置于所述储存单元下方的光源，其中，所述储存单元的底部配置成显示以遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的遮光区域和透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的透光区域组成的图案。
上述实施例中，所述光源发射的光线中心波长为大于405nm至小于420nm；或者，所述光源发射的光线波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm。
一种3D打印方法，包括：以储存单元容纳液态光敏树脂；以LCD显示单元显示以遮挡光线的遮光区域和透过光线的透光区域组成的图案；以波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光源照射所述LCD显示单元，所述光线透过所述储存单元和所述LCD显示单元照射容纳于所述储存单元内的液态光敏树脂，以使其固化成与所述待打印物体的横截面图案相应的形状。
优选的，上述实施例中所述光源发射的光线中心波长为415nm。
一种3D打印方法，包括：以储存单元容纳液态光敏树脂；以显示单元显示以遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的遮光区域和透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的透光区域组成的图案；以光源照射所述 显示单元，所述光线透过所述储存单元和所述显示单元照射容纳于所述储存单元内的液态光敏树脂，以使其固化成与所述待打印物体的横截面图案相应的形状。
一种用于光固化3D打印的光敏树脂复合材料，其所含有的光聚合引发剂成分的敏感波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm。
优选的，所述所含有的光聚合引发剂成分的敏感波长为415nm。
附图说明
图1为光固化3D打印机结构示意图；
图2为LCD显示单元的结构示意图；
图3为光线波长对光固化3D打印速度影响及LCD寿命影响实验数据图。
具体实施方式
参照图1所示，说明本发明所指光固化3D打印机的工作原理。如图所示，包括：
树脂池1，用于盛放液态光敏树脂；为了使承载于光敏树脂池中的液态光敏树脂能够固化，光敏树脂池的底壁11采用能够透过上述光源组件的光线的透明材料；
光源组件2，位于树脂池下部，与光敏树脂池的位置相应；
控制单元(图中未示出)，可以为外接的计算机，也可以由3D打印机自身具有的芯片以及控制面板组成，用于控制LCD显示单元所显示的打印图案；
LCD显示单元5，覆设在光敏树脂池1底壁的外表面上，在控制单元的控制下，显示打印图案，以使光线先通过LCD显示单元打印图案区域之后透过光敏树脂池1的底壁，最终使容纳于光敏树脂池1中的液态光敏树脂固化于承载平台3之上。
承载平台3，用于承载打印物体，位于光敏树脂池1的上部，能够沿3D打印机一侧的导向立柱(图中未示出)竖直运动。
如图1所示的结构，LCD显示单元5覆设在树脂池底1底壁11的外侧，在其他的实现方式中，LCD显示单元5可以设置于光敏树脂池1的底 壁11内侧，以使光线先通过光敏树脂池1的底壁11，之后透过LCD显示单元5，最终使容纳于光敏树脂池1中的液态光敏树脂固化于承载平台之上。
在另一实现方式中，光敏树脂池1的透明底壁还可以由LCD显示单元5代替，即LCD显示单元5直接作为树脂池的底壁，树脂池由侧壁与LCD显示单元密封连接形成用于容纳液态光敏树脂的空间。
应当说明，以上参照图1对光固化3D打印的基本组成进行说明，目的是帮助理解本发明对3D打印技术的改进及所带来的效果，并非是对3D打印机的结构尤其是打印机中所利用的各部件(例如光源组件的结构和组成、承载平台的外形或结构等)的具体结构进行限定。参照本文的说明，本领域技术人员可以理解，本文记载的光线选择的技术方案适用于多种光固化3D打印设备，并带来相应的效果。
参照附图2，通常的LCD具有由下至上逐层设置的下偏光片5-1、TFT基板5-2、液晶层5-3、彩色滤光片5-4以及上偏光片5-5。光线经过下偏光片5-1被转化为偏振光，上偏光片5-5的偏振化方向与偏振光的偏振面正交。
光源组件2发射的光线经由下偏光片5-1后转化为偏振光。当液晶层5-3通电时，光线透过液晶层5-3时偏振化方向发生转变，因此有一定比例的光线可以透过彩色滤光片5-4达到上偏光片5-5，之后由上偏光片5-5射出，最终照射承载于光敏树脂池1内的液态光敏树脂，使其固化于承载平台3表面。通过调整施加于液晶层5-3上的电压大小，可以调整出光比例。当液晶层5-3未通电时，偏振光的偏振化方向不改变，由于上偏光片5-5的偏振化方向与偏振光的偏振面正交，因此光线无法透过上偏光片5-5。即，在LCD显示单元5未通电时，即使采用光源组件2照射LCD显示单元5，光线也不会透过以使光敏树脂池1中的液态光敏树脂固化。
控制单元内预设有待打印物体的所有横截面的图案，打印开始时，控制单元可以将打印物体的某一横截面图案传送至LCD显示单元5，使LCD显示单元5上能够呈现与这一图案相应的透光区域。透光区域可以使光源组件2发射的光线透过，透光区域之外的部分均为阻止光源发射的光线透 过的阴影区域。因此，光线透过LCD显示单元5后，即可使液态光敏树脂固化为与打印物体的某一横截面图案形状相同的薄层。光源组件2在开启一段时间后关闭，此时，控制单元控制LCD显示单元5切换显示打印物体的下一横截面图案。同时，承载平台3向上移动一小段距离以使新的液态光敏树脂流入。光源组件2再次开启，打印物体的下一横截面固化完成并且累积在之前所形成的薄层下部。反复上述过程，最终能够形成一个完整的打印物体。
在选择光源的波长时，由于光线有着波长越短能量越高的特点，考虑到LCD液晶显示单元的结构特点，采用400nm以下的光源照射LCD显示单元时，会使能量在显示单元内的内部积累，并且很难被释放，这将会导致LCD显示单元的使用寿命极大地缩短，甚至直接造成LCD显示单元损坏。举例来说，目前有测试采用波长为365nm的光源连续照射LCD显示单元，LCD显示单元会在几个小时之内因能量累积而损坏。以本发明提供的波长为大于405～小于420nm光源连续照射LCD显示单元时，使用寿命长达3000小时以上，在正常使用期限内基本没有明显变化，确保整机的工作寿命。
另外，液态光敏树脂中添加的光聚合引发剂，其能够吸收辐射能，经激发发生化学变化，产生具有引发聚合能力的活性中间体。
光聚合引发剂对光敏树脂的固化速率起着决定性作用，未添加光聚合引发剂的液态光敏树脂无论采用何种波长的光去照射，都不会固化。光聚合引发剂的吸收峰值均处于紫外光波段，但随着光线波长的增大，其吸收值会出现起伏变化。在385～425nm波长光源的测试实验中，研究人员发现随着光线波长的逐渐提高，引发剂的反应速度先是提高，然后又有所降低，位于低波长段和高波长段的光线对引发剂的引发速度不如中波长段的光线好。
通过进一步的研究，在光源发射的光线波长范围为大于405nm至小于420nm时，例如在光源波长为406nm，407nm、410nm、413nm、414nm、415nm、416nm、417nm、418nm或者419nm时，光聚合引发剂具有较好的引发效果，从而使得光敏树脂能够快速的固化。尤其是在光源波长为 410nm至418nm时，且当光聚合引发剂敏感波长为410nm至418nm时，光敏树脂具有较佳的光固化速度。
此外，研究人员惊奇的发现波长为415nm时，光聚合引发剂敏感波长为415nm时，光敏树脂固化速度达到或接近最佳。也就是说，使用能发出415nm波长光线的光源，打印速度能达到最快；同等重要的是，在415nm的波长时，光线对LCD的使用寿命没有明显影响，使得LCD性能在正常使用期限内基本没有明显变化。
图3为光线波长对光固化3D打印速度影响及LCD寿命影响实验数据图，可见，波长为415nm时，光聚合引发剂的引发效果接近或达到最佳，同等重要的是，在LCD寿命变化的曲线上，415nm时的LCD寿命较高。大于405nm至小于420nm的其他值分布在415nm两侧，随图3所示曲线的变化分别获得不同的打印速度性能和LCD寿命指标。
虽然在高于415nm时，LCD寿命会继续增加，但寿命增长幅度较小，且光聚合引发剂的引发效果快速下降。因此，综合光聚合引发剂引发效果以及LCD寿命，415nm为本发明LCD光固化3D打印设备光源以及所采用的光敏树脂中光聚合引发剂波长的最佳实施例。以打印成型厚度为0.1mm进行打印实验，当光源波长为415nm时，打印速度达到了每约2s一层，并且屏幕的寿命达到实际使用场景对屏幕寿命的需要。
应当说明的是，以上实施例中光线中心波长为大于405nm至小于420nm，而在实际应用中，由于光源器件等原因，光源的发射光的频率不可避免的还包括大于405nm至小于420nm波长范围之外的光线，本发明并非要求光源光线的波长只能在所述大于405nm至小于420nm范围内，当包含该波长范围外的光线时，光能利用将不充分，无法获得较佳的光固化速度，或者会影响LCD显示屏的寿命。因此，基于本发明发明人的研究，凡是利用上述范围内的波长对光聚合引发剂进行引发从而实现树脂固化的实践均应属于本发明的保护范围内。
例如，当光源采用波长为415nm的光线对光聚合引发剂进行引发时，由于器件等因素的影响，还包括波长小于415nm或者大于415nm的波段的光线，若光源质量较佳，则在中心波长为415nm两侧的光线能量迅速下降， 即使如此，光源的光线也可能包括小于等于405nm或者大于等于420nm波长的光线，但显然，由于大于405nm至小于420mn的光线，尤其是415nm的光线对引发剂的作用以及对延长LCD寿命的较佳效果，因此，其依然主要利用本发明所保护的光线波长取值范围实现光敏树脂的固化，因此不能因为光源的发射光包含本发明所述光线波长范围外的光线而否认其对本发明实施例的实施。
在本发明的又一光固化3D打印机实施例中，3D打印机包括用于容纳液态光敏树脂的树脂池和布置于所述树脂池下方的光源，其中，所述储存单元的底部配置成显示以遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的遮光区域和透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的透光区域组成的图案。也就是说，储存单元的底部配置成显示由遮光区域和透光区域组成的图案，该遮光区域用于遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线，该透光区域用于透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线。
本实施例与上述实施例不同之处在于，树脂池底部可配置为可透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线，以及能够遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线。
通过这样的设置，从而允许光源的发射光还可以包括大于405nm至小于420nm波长范围外的光线。当然基于能量利用效率的考虑，当光源光线的波长更加集中在大于405nm至小于420nm的范围内时，尤其是集中在415nm的波长时，光线中对聚合引发剂有效的波长的能量将更多，从而可以提高光敏树脂的固化速度。
显然在本实施例中，树脂池底部或下方所配置的显示单元(例如LCD或其他显示设备)具有能够遮挡大于405nm至小于420nm波长范围光线的能力，而并非要求该显示单元仅仅具有遮挡大于405nm至小于420nm波长范围。显然，只要显示单元能够透过或者遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线即可实现本发明。当显示单元能够遮挡或透过大于405nm至小于420nm波长范围内光线的同时，也具有透过或遮挡该范围外的光线的能力时，由于其依然利用了大于405nm至小于420nm波长光线对光敏树脂固化的方法，依然属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例还提供一种3D打印方法，包括，以储存单元容纳液态光敏树脂；以LCD显示单元显示以遮挡光线的遮光区域和透过光线的透光区域组成的图案；以波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光源照射所述LCD显示单元，所述光线透过所述储存单元和所述LCD显示单元照射容纳于所述储存单元内的液态光敏树脂，以使其固化成与所述待打印物体的横截面图案相应的形状。进一步，该方法中光源发射光线为414nm至416nm波长范围的光线，尤其是发射的光线的波长集中在415nm。
本发明实施例提供的又一3D打印方法，包括，以储存单元容纳液态光敏树脂；以显示单元显示以遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的遮光区域和透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的透光区域组成的图案；
以光源照射所述显示单元，所述光线透过所述储存单元和所述显示单元照射容纳于所述储存单元内的液态光敏树脂，以使其固化成与所述待打印物体的横截面图案相应的形状。
本发明实施例还提供一种用于光固化3D打印的光敏树脂复合材料，其所含有的光聚合引发剂成分的敏感波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm。
优选的，所述所含有的光聚合引发剂成分的敏感波长为415nm。
以上对本发明的各种实施例进行了详细说明。本领域技术人员将理解，可在不偏离本发明范围的情况下，对实施方案进行各种修改、改变和变化。对权利要求范围的解释应从整体解释且符合与说明一致的最宽范围，并不限于示例或详细说明中的实施范例。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光固化3D打印机，其特征在于，包括：用于容纳液态光敏树脂的储存单元和布置于所述储存单元下方的光源；以及，
    光源以中心波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线照射配置成显示以遮挡光线的遮光区域和透过光线的透光区域组成的图案的储存单元的底部；
    储存单元中盛放的光敏树脂在所述光线照射下发生固化，所述光敏树脂中含有光聚合引发剂的敏感波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光固化3D打印机，其特征在于，所述光源发射的光线的中心波长为415nm，所述光聚合引发剂的敏感波长为415nm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光固化3D打印机，其特征在于，所述储存单元包括池和LCD显示单元，其中所述池的底壁是透明的，所述LCD显示单元覆设于所述池的底壁下方或上方。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光固化3D打印机，其特征在于，所述储存单元包括侧壁，所述侧壁与LCD显示单元密封连接形成用于容纳液态光敏树脂的储存单元。
  5. 一种光固化3D打印机，其特征在于，包括：用于容纳液态光敏树脂的储存单元和布置于所述储存单元下方的光源；
    所述储存单元的底部配置成显示以遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的遮光区域和透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的透光区域组成的图案。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光固化3D打印机，其特征在于，所述光源发射的光线中心波长为大于405nm至小于420nm；或者，所述光源发射的光线波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的光固化3D打印机，其特征在于，所述光源发射中心波长为415nm的光线；
    所述储存单元中包含敏感波长为415nm光聚合引发剂的光敏树脂在所述光线照射下发生固化。
  8. 一种3D打印方法，其特征在于，包括：
    以储存单元容纳液态光敏树脂，其中所含有的光聚合引发剂的敏感波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm；
    以LCD显示单元显示以遮挡光线的遮光区域和透过光线的透光区域组成的图案；
    光源以中心波长为大于405nm至小于420nm的光线照射所述LCD显示单元，所述光线透过所述储存单元和所述LCD显示单元照射容纳于所述储存单元内的液态光敏树脂，以使其固化成与所述待打印物体的横截面图案相应的形状。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的3D打印方法，其特征在于：
    所述光源发射的光线中心波长为415nm，所述光敏树脂中包含敏感波长为415nm的光聚合引发剂。
  10. 一种3D打印方法，其特征在于，包括：
    以储存单元容纳液态光敏树脂，其中所含有的光聚合引发剂的敏感波长包含大于405nm至小于420nm；
    以显示单元显示以遮挡波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的遮光区域和透过波长为大于405nm至小于420nm光线的透光区域组成的图案；
    以光源照射所述显示单元，所述光线透过所述储存单元和所述显示单元照射容纳于所述储存单元内的液态光敏树脂，以使其固化成与所述待打印物体的横截面图案相应的形状。
PCT/CN2017/107961 2017-08-29 2017-10-27 一种光固化3d打印机以及3d打印方法 WO2019041498A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710757432.0 2017-08-29
CN201710757432.0A CN107498855B (zh) 2017-08-29 2017-08-29 一种光固化3d打印机以及3d打印方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019041498A1 true WO2019041498A1 (zh) 2019-03-07

Family

ID=60693927

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2017/107961 WO2019041498A1 (zh) 2017-08-29 2017-10-27 一种光固化3d打印机以及3d打印方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107498855B (zh)
WO (1) WO2019041498A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111070672A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2020-04-28 深圳光韵达光电科技股份有限公司 基于热固化机理的3d打印方法及装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103722745A (zh) * 2013-12-29 2014-04-16 北京工业大学 一种lcd选择性区域透光原理的树脂快速成型方法
CN103895231A (zh) * 2014-04-09 2014-07-02 刘彦君 一种光固化快速成型装置及方法
CN104760291A (zh) * 2015-04-24 2015-07-08 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种3d打印装置和方法
WO2016148341A1 (en) * 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Lg Electronics Inc. 3d printer
CN106042382A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2016-10-26 北京金达雷科技有限公司 一种用于光固化3d打印机的树脂池以及3d打印机
US20160368221A1 (en) * 2015-06-18 2016-12-22 Roland Dg Corporation Three-dimensional printing apparatus

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK3078482T3 (da) * 2013-12-03 2019-08-12 Prismlab China Ltd Lyshærdende 3D printerenhed og billedbehandlingssystem dertil
CN105711088B (zh) * 2014-12-02 2019-12-17 北京十维科技有限责任公司 一种光固化3d打印机
CN206357633U (zh) * 2016-12-28 2017-07-28 广东五维科技有限公司 一种用于光敏树脂3d打印的成像系统

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103722745A (zh) * 2013-12-29 2014-04-16 北京工业大学 一种lcd选择性区域透光原理的树脂快速成型方法
CN103895231A (zh) * 2014-04-09 2014-07-02 刘彦君 一种光固化快速成型装置及方法
WO2016148341A1 (en) * 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Lg Electronics Inc. 3d printer
CN104760291A (zh) * 2015-04-24 2015-07-08 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种3d打印装置和方法
US20160368221A1 (en) * 2015-06-18 2016-12-22 Roland Dg Corporation Three-dimensional printing apparatus
CN106042382A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2016-10-26 北京金达雷科技有限公司 一种用于光固化3d打印机的树脂池以及3d打印机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107498855B (zh) 2020-03-13
CN107498855A (zh) 2017-12-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10399270B2 (en) Photo-curing 3D printer and 3D printing method
US11890805B2 (en) Three-dimensional printing apparatus and three-dimensional printing method
US10366876B2 (en) Phosphor-containing film and backlight unit
KR102348270B1 (ko) 적층 제조 장치 및 방법
US20160238774A1 (en) Light guide plate, backlight unit comprising same, liquid crystal display device and optical sheet
KR102442533B1 (ko) 3차원 물체를 성형하기 위해 액상 중합체의 광-경화를 위한 광 엔진을 사용하는 방법 및 장치
TWI545377B (zh) Lighting device and display device
US10823897B2 (en) Light guide plate and manufacturing method thereof, backlight module and display device
KR20190134719A (ko) 이방성 광학 필름을 이용한 도광 적층체 및 그것을 이용한 면상 광원 장치
TWI490434B (zh) Light irradiation device
KR101990431B1 (ko) 마이크로 led를 이용한 3d프린터
WO2019041498A1 (zh) 一种光固化3d打印机以及3d打印方法
KR20180000392A (ko) 표시 장치
JP4968728B2 (ja) プロジェクションスクリーン用光制御膜積層体、その製造方法、及びプロジェクションスクリーン
KR20200119868A (ko) 흑색 구조체, 및 그것을 구비한 자발광 화상 표시 장치
KR20120049699A (ko) Ｌｅｄ 백라이트 유닛 및 그를 이용한 디스플레이 장치
JP5482296B2 (ja) 立体画像形成方法
JP2006264253A (ja) レンズ形成方法およびレンズ形成装置
WO2023086685A1 (en) Organic dye polarizers in a photopolymer curing device
JP2008089782A (ja) 液晶光学素子及びその製造方法並びにそれを使用したストロボ装置
JP5521400B2 (ja) 立体画像形成装置及び立体画像形成方法
KR20160097757A (ko) 양자 막대를 포함하는 광학 부재, 이를 포함하는 백라이트 유닛 및 표시장치
JP5722055B2 (ja) 導光板の製造方法および製造装置、導光板、これを備えた面光源装置および透過型画像表示装置
US20240051227A1 (en) Light engines for vat polimerization 3d printers
JP2006343386A (ja) 光学素子及びこれを用いた偏光面光源並びにこれを用いた表示装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17923941

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17923941

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1