WO2019034259A1

WO2019034259A1 - Method for processing a material layer using energetic radiation having variable energy distribution

Info

Publication number: WO2019034259A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/070916
Authority: WO
Inventors: Florian EIBL; Wilhelm Meiners
Original assignee: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V.
Priority date: 2017-08-18
Filing date: 2017-08-18
Publication date: 2019-02-21

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing a material layer using energetic radiation, in which method a plurality of separate energetic beams 2 are directed, at least intermittently, onto the material layer and are guided in a movement direction over the material layer, the material layer being locally melted within a region to be processed while producing at least one continuous melt pool. By varying the radiated power and/or the spot spacing and/or the spot size of energetic beams 2 directed in each case into the region to be processed and/or by adjusting a mutual offset of energetic beams directed in each case into the region to be processed, one or more properties of the melt pool and/or of a melt track produced by solidification of the melt pool are influenced in a targeted manner. As a result, in generative manufacturing methods, the length of the production process of the components can be increased without reducing the surface quality, and improved adaptation to the component geometry can also be achieved.

Description

Process for processing a material layer with energetic radiation of variable energy distribution

Technical application

The present invention relates to a method for processing a material layer with

energetic radiation, in particular laser radiation, in which a plurality of separate energetic beams directed at least temporarily on the material layer and guided in a direction of movement over the material layer, wherein the material ^¬ layer is locally melted within a region to be machined to produce at least one coherent molten bath. The processing of material layers by means of energetic radiation, in particular by means of

Laser radiation is carried out in many technical areas in which the surface is modified by this machining or components are to be built generatively on a substrate surface. In powder bed-based beam melting processes, such as selective laser melting, the components are generated directly from 3D CAD models

manufactured. In a repetitive process, a thin powder layer of typically less than 100 μιη thickness is applied by means of slider on a substrate plate and selectively melted in a next step with laser radiation according to the geometry information from the 3D-CAD model. This cycle process allows the production of three-dimensional components with minor restrictions on the constructive complexity. The compaction of the component is based on a complete melting of the powder and at least partially of the preceding layer. This achieves component densities of up to 100% and comparable mechanical properties with conventional production methods. Due to the layered

Manufacturing process provides selective laser melting ^¬ an almost unlimited geometric freedom and allows new design options for complex components. For industrial use of a

Such generative manufacturing process, the manufacturing time for the components must be as low as possible.

A reduction in the production time of

Components in a generative manufacturing process require an increase in the build-up rate, i. of the melted per unit time material volume.

Apart from an increase in the efficiency of

Absorption of the laser radiation in the powder bed, an increase in the build-up rate can only be achieved by a larger energy input. For the current

used circular laser spots, but also for linear intensity distributions or also already known contiguous spot arrays, this is accompanied by an increase in the dimensions of the

Melting bath, resulting in two negative effects. On the one hand, both the surface quality and the achievable detail resolution are reduced due to the larger dimensions of the molten bath. Second, the apparent ^¬ caused by fluid dynamic phenomena currents within the melt pool take larger contiguous exposure areas, which leads to instabilities of the obtained after curing of the molten bath melting track. To counteract these effects, the exposure speed must be reduced, which, however, again the goal of

Increase of the build-up rate precludes. To increase the build-up rate, it is also possible to increase the powder layer thickness. However, this also results in a reduced surface quality and detail resolution.

State of the art

To reduce the production time without

Reduction of detail resolution and surface quality are already known different techniques. On the one hand devices are known, by means of which can be carried out with different union ^¬ spot diameters of the process of selective laser melting.

In this case, areas in which a high surface quality and detail resolution are required are processed with a small spot diameter, whereas inner component areas with larger layer thicknesses, spot diameters and higher laser power are produced, since only a high material density is required in these areas. This is called the sheath-core strategy

Approach is described for example in EP 2 596 901 Bl closer. In this way, an increased build-up rate can be implemented without negative effects on the component quality ^¬ . The disadvantage, however, is that in order to produce the different spot diameters increased compared to conventional systems technical effort is necessary. In addition, the

economic benefits strongly from the component geometry dependent. This is the bigger, the more massive it is

Component or the larger its core volume. Therefore, the application of this method only makes sense for certain component classes.

These disadvantages are avoided by using, instead of switching the beam diameter, a plurality of independently controlled individual laser spots, as is known, for example, from EP 2 875 897 B1. In this way, the

Parallelized melting process and the exposure time is reduced in proportion to the number of individual spots. In addition, with such devices and the usable space of corresponding facilities can be increased, since these using a single irradiation device - consisting of

Laser beam source and beam deflection unit - be limited by the size of the associated scan fields. In this way, the build rate is increased without changing the actual process parameters. However, the disadvantage here is the cost of the additional irradiation facilities and the constructive

Complexity of the plant-technical realization. Due to their dimensions, the number is

Irradiation facilities that can expose a certain area limited, so that any increase of the same always accompanied by an increase in the installation space of the system. WO 2016/128430 A1 discloses a device for laser processing, in which an optical system for generating a line intensity distribution is described. This laser line is variable in size and can theoretically be adapted to the requirements of the construction process. The intensity ^¬ distribution within the line itself is not actively influenced, but results from the properties of the radiation source and the particular optical system, ie, depending on the current line and shape - large. The movement of this laser line over the building level is done by galvanometer scanner. In addition to the additional costs for the production of the laser line, however, in particular process-related aspects have a disadvantageous effect. Investigations show that when used

line - shaped intensity distributions with unchanged overall intensity compared to the single spot the

Scanning speed must be reduced to produce stable melting traces. In contrast, an increase in the layer thickness compared to the single spot is possible to a much greater extent. As a result, although an increased build-up rate can be achieved, but at the expense of the possible detail resolution. Therefore, such a measure is not general, but only possible in appropriate applications.

Also WO 2015/003804 AI describes a

Apparatus for laser processing, in which by means of an axis system, an exposure or processing head is moved over a powder bed, for example, to produce a linear intensity distribution. The machining head forms by means of an optical

Device for this purpose, a plurality of individual laser beams in an array next to each other or partially

overlapping on the working plane from, ^¬ example, in a linear arrangement perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machining head. The laser beams are each generated by a separate beam source, guided by optical fibers to the processing head and modulated simultaneously to the movement of the processing ^¬ head according to the component geometry to be generated or turned on and off.

US 2017/0021454 A1 describes a method for generative production with laser beams, in which an array of laser spots is also used for the machining. The individual laser spots are arranged in such a way that they produce spatially separate individual melt baths on the workpiece surface. In this way, the emergence of formed by interaction of several laser spots

contiguous molten baths avoided, so that no undesirable molten bath dynamics can occur.

The object of the present invention is a method for processing a material layer with energetic radiation, in particular

Laser radiation, which can be used for the additive manufacturing of components and allows rapid component production without loss of surface quality and detail resolution.

Presentation of the invention

The object is achieved with the method according to

Claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the method are the subject of the dependent

Claims or can be taken from the following description and the exemplary embodiments. In the proposed method for processing a material layer with energetic radiation, in particular with laser radiation, several

energy beams separated from one another are directed at least temporarily to the material layer and guided over the material layer in a direction of movement, wherein the material layer is locally melted within a region to be processed to produce at least one contiguous melting bath. In this context, a coherent molten bath is understood as meaning a molten bath which is formed by the interaction of several energetic rays and thus a greater extent

has as a single melt generated by a single jet. In a preferred embodiment, in each case several of the energetic beams are transmitted to the material layer via a machining head

directed. The optics of the machining head are designed such that the spots of respectively adjacent beams in the focal plane touch or overlap. It can also be used a plurality of these processing heads, which simultaneously performed on the material layer ^¬ but independent with respect to the emitted energy beams from each other

be controlled. The proposed method is characterized in that by a variation of the radiation power and / or spot distance perpendicular to the direction of movement and / or the spot size of each directed in the area to be processed energetic beams and / or by setting a mutual offset of each in the zu

working area directed energetic

Rays parallel to the direction of movement one or several properties of the molten bath and / or a melting trace produced by solidification of the molten bath are influenced. Under the properties of

In particular, the molten bath bath, the geometric shape of the molten bath, the molten bath depth, the molten bath depth profile,

Melting bath dynamics and the temperature distribution

understood within the molten bath. Among the

Properties of the produced melting trace become

in particular the external shape of the melting trace and the

Material distribution or the height profile of the melting track understood. Under a variation is both a spatial and a temporal variation of

To understand parameters. Thus, for example, adjacent beams with different radiation power can be directed into the area to be processed, without then changing this beam power during the processing of the respective material layer (spatial

Variation). The neighboring beams can also be processed with the same radiant power in the

Be directed area and this radiation power then be changed during the processing of the respective material layer within the area to be processed (temporal variation). Also one

Combination of spatial and temporal variation is possible.

The use of one-dimensional or two-dimensional

Multispot arrays in the proposed method allows in a known manner an increase in the

Energy input in the process and thus a reduced processing time or - in the generative production - a reduced production time three-dimensional Components. By the proposed variation of the specified parameters or the mutual offset of each directed in the area to be processed energy beams counteracts the hitherto occurring in generating interconnected melt baths negative effects, so that thus a high

Surface quality and detail resolution can be achieved. In particular, by means of this variation or the mutual offset, certain effects caused by melt-bath dynamics can be purposefully intensified and utilized. Thus, by a variation of the mentioned parameters or the mutual offset a targeted change in the temperature field within the contiguous melt bath is achieved, which in turn generates surface tension gradients in the melt and thus induces melt pool flows. This affects in particular the material distribution within the melting trace, but also on the

Melting bath or melting bath depth profile and the local solidification conditions, thereby targeted

can be influenced or adjusted. By changing the local solidification conditions, the microstructure of the solidified material can also be influenced.

In an advantageous embodiment can

For example, the radiation power and / or the spot distance and / or the spot size and / or the

mutual offset of each in the too

working area directed energetic

Rays so varied or at least partially

divergent (spatial variation)

be adjusted that the material distribution within the resulting during processing

Melting trace is compared with a processing without such a variation or without such offset. This can be undesirable

Material increases within the melting lane are avoided.

In another advantageous embodiment, the parameters mentioned are varied or

set at least partially different from each other, that the melting depth is made uniform over the area occupied by the molten bath. A

Homogeneity of the material distribution within the melting trace can be achieved, for example, by setting a mutual offset of the energetic rays directed in each case into the region to be processed in the direction of movement, starting from a first side of the (contiguous) melt bath in the direction of the opposite one second side of the molten bath each adjacent beam has an offset in the direction of movement, and the radiant power of the energetic beams from the first side to the second side increases. In the same way, it can be influenced in such a way that the radiant power of the energetic beams is reduced or decreased from the first side to the second side. Instead of a homogenization can also be targeted by appropriate adjustment or variation of the above parameters

Material redistribution - each related to one

Processing without such a variation of the parameters or without such an offset - are generated, for example, in one side of the fuse track or in the middle of which more material is accumulated than in the remaining area. Such redistribution may be beneficial for certain component geometries in additive manufacturing. The variation of the parameters of the individual energy beams directed in each case into the area to be processed preferably takes place relatively in the proposed method

to each other, so that at least temporarily not all rays directed into the area to be processed have the same parameters.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the parameters mentioned are varied or

set at least partially deviating from each other so that the Schmelzbadkonvektion within the contiguous melt bath reduced or targeted ^{hervor ¬} called or reinforced. This depends on that

desired effect or the desired effect on the resulting melting trace.

The proposed method is preferably used for generative production of a component in which a powdered material for the component is melted in layers according to the component geometry by irradiation with the energetic radiation, in particular for the method of selective laser melting or laser sintering.

Preferably, laser radiation is used in the method. In principle, however, the method is also suitable for the use of other energetic

Radiation, such as electron beams. As energetic radiation can be both continuous (cw) as well as pulsed radiation, for example in the form of pulsed laser beams used.

In a preferred embodiment, the processing of the material layer takes place with the aid of a

Processing head from which the energetic rays are directed side by side and / or with their spots partially overlapping on the material layer, wherein the machining head moves over the material layer or the material layer relative to

Machining head is moved. Also the simultaneous

Using a plurality of machining heads for the simultaneous processing of a larger area is selbstverständ ^¬ Lich possible.

In the proposed method can by

Increase or decrease the power for one or more energy rays in the array

Increase or decrease the temperature in the of the respective beams or spots straight

irradiated area can be achieved. As a result, among other things, an enlargement or reduction of the

Melting depth can be specifically induced. Thus, the melting depth can be adapted to the component geometry to be generated, in particular within a single layer in the layered construction of

Components. The increase or decrease in the

Radiation power of individual spots also makes it possible to influence the material distribution within the melting trace towards regions of higher or lower temperature, caused by material-dependent

Surface tension gradient. This allows the adaptation of the material distribution to the generated Component geometry within the to be created

three-dimensional component. In peripheral areas of

As a result, an anti-aliasing element can be achieved by producing a melt flow.

By increasing or decreasing the

Radiation power for one or more spots in the array can also be the melt pool locally increase or decrease. This can be an increase or

Reducing the solidification time and thereby influencing the microstructure in the solidified

Melting trace can be achieved. Comparable effects can be achieved by enlarging or reducing the spot diameter on the material layer.

An enlargement or reduction of the

Spot distance perpendicular to the direction of movement

allows for a reduction or enlargement of the overlap area between two adjacent spots. This also leads to a reduction or increase in the energy input in the overlapping area. As a result of this measure, the melting or melting depth in the area between two adjacent spots can be adapted to the component geometry to be produced, in particular within a layer in the case of the layered construction of three-dimensional components. This measure also makes it possible to compensate for changed heat conduction conditions, caused by material distribution below the currently exposed layer, thereby avoiding temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, by this measure, the edge accuracy

Increase or decrease the size of the unexposed area between two adjacent spots be increased because the above melt flow or

Compensation flows within the molten bath, in addition to the radiant power per spot, depend significantly on the spot distance or depend on it.

An enlargement or reduction of the

Spot distance parallel to the exposure direction leads to an enlargement or reduction of the time interval of individual exposures in the overlap area. As a result, the cooling phase of the molten bath

be extended or shortened, thereby the Einbzw. Aufschmelztiefenprofil and the solidification ^¬ conditions to influence targeted. The proposed method is primarily for the additive production of components, in particular for powder bed-based production techniques such as

selective laser melting suitable. In principle, however, the method can also be used for non-generative methods such as, for example, laser polishing, remelting or heat treatment.

Brief description of the drawings

The proposed method will be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. 1 shows an example of a structure of a

Processing head for carrying out the proposed method; FIG. 2 shows an example of the arrangement of the laser spots on the material layer on exposure to such a machining head; FIG.

3 shows an example of a mutual offset of the laser spots on the material layer in FIG

Combination with a variation of

Radiated power;

4 shows an example of the influence of

Melt depth profile and material distribution with the proposed method;

Fig. 5 shows an example of the anti-aliasing

location-dependent adaptation of the intensity distribution with the proposed method;

Fig. 6 shows an example of the influence of the variation of the spot distance in the proposed

Method;

Fig. 7 shows an example of the influence of the variation of the laser power with the proposed method; and

Fig. 8 shows an example of the influence of

Component geometry by varying the radiation power with the proposed method. Ways to carry out the invention

In the proposed method, a machining head is preferably used, with which a plurality of separate laser beams are directed with their laser spots adjacent to one another or partially overlapping onto the material layer. This creates a coherent intensity distribution in the Machining plane generated, which is composed of the individual spots of the laser beams. FIG. 1 shows an example of a machining head 1, with which in this example five a laser line

forming laser spots 2 are generated on the material layer. In this case, the laser spots 2 are each formed from fiber-coupled diode lasers whose radiation is guided via the optical fibers 3 to optical focusing elements 4 in the machining head 1 and focused with these focusing elements 4 onto the material layer. In the present example, the machining head 1 by means of linear axes in the x and y direction line by line over the material layer

proceed.

Figure 2 shows an example of overlapping

Laser spots 2, as they can be generated with the machining head of Figure 1 on the material layer. The spots 2 partially overlap and form a coherent line-shaped intensity distribution, which is moved in the direction of the arrow over the material layer. With simultaneous exposure of one too

processing area with at least two neigh ^¬ barter spots 2 of this multi-spot array is a

coherent molten bath generated. A change in the spot arrangement (spot spacing Ay _s , i and / or offset Δχ ₃ , in the direction of movement), the spot diameter d _s , ± or the radiation power for the individual spots 2 can be used in accordance with the proposed method to within the contiguous melt pool specifically to cause certain effects, as shown by way of example with reference to the melting traces of Figure 4 generated during processing. This FIG. 4 shows in each case in the lower region in each case a transverse section through the material layer and in the upper area a plan view of the section

Material layer in which the melting trace can be seen. The exposure direction is through the

Arrow indicated. The three partial images of FIG. 4 show from left to right the result for a line array with identical power per spot, for a line array with a spot offset in the exposure direction, the power being reduced to trailing spots (here: right spots), and FIG

Spot offset in the exposure direction, whereby the performance is increased to trailing spots (here: right spots). In the cross section, with identical power per spot, it can be seen (left partial image) that an almost homogeneous melting depth over the track width is achieved, while a clear

Material accumulation in the melting lane center results. FIG. 3 schematically shows an offset of FIG

Spot positions 2 parallel to the direction of movement indicated by the arrow at the same time

Reduction of the radiation power P _L , i in the direction of the trailing spots (see top diagram of Figure 3). As in the middle part of Figure 4 to

As a result, both the melting depth profile and the material distribution are determined

affected. The melting depth profile is still approximately homogeneous, but the influences of the individual spots are to be recognized as semicircular structures. The accumulation of material in the middle of the lane is clearly smoothed. This is due to the fact that by moving the spots in the exposure direction a Exposure break in the overlap areas is created, so that the respective sections can cool briefly. This affects the material distribution within the melting trace. The reduction in power towards the trailing spots also results in a more uniform temperature field due to any preheat effects from the front spots.

Reversing the power distribution, ie increasing the power per spot towards the trailing spots, will have the opposite effect. Both the melting depth and the height of the built-up material become larger in the direction of the trailing spots (right partial illustration). The reason for this lies again in a changed temperature field. Such Prozesss ^¬ trategies also advantageously be used in particular to increase the resolution of detail, as this material distribution during the process dynamically the geometry of

can be adapted to the generating component.

Another possibility that results of the energy input by a change in the Impress ^¬ flussung of Schmelzbadströmungen in peripheral regions of the component. In general, the spots of the

Multispot arrays during the crossing at one

Component edge switched on or off according to the geometry of the component. Apart from a few special cases (eg edges perpendicular to the exposure direction when using a line array) this is not done at the same time. As a result of the suddenly lost energy input of individual spots, the melting pool solidifies at these points approximately in the form of the spot, ie typically semi-circular visible. This is illustrated in the left-hand sub-figure of FIG. 5, which is a plan view of the melting track thus produced with a line array (without offset of the spots in the direction of movement). However, by steadily increasing the laser power of each spot to be turned off next within the array by utilizing the effect described in the right-hand sub-figure of FIG. 4, a smoothing effect can be provided by one caused thereby

Melt bath transport achieve. The result is shown in the right part of Figure 5.

FIG. 6 shows four examples in which the

Spot distance between two adjacent spots was varied. The four partial images each represent transverse sections of the melting traces produced thereby. In this example, the spot distance Ay _{s was} gradually increased from the upper left sub-image to the lower right sub-image. The differences in the melting bath depth profile and the

Material accumulation in the melting trace can be clearly seen in the cross sections shown. The solid line indicates the boundary between molten and unfused material.

FIG. 7 shows the influence of the variation of

Laser power with three adjacent spots. The laser power of the middle spot was in this case in the four sub-images, which in turn each represent a cross-section of the generated melting traces, with constant power of the respective outer spots starting from the upper left

Partial image up to the right lower part illustration gradually increased. Again, here is the

Influence on the melting depth profile and the

Material distribution within the melting trace clearly visible.

Figure 8, finally, shows a highly schematic representation, on the basis of the better adaptation enabled with the pre ^¬ chosen method to the component geometry in the manufacture dreidimensio ^¬ tional components is illustrated. In the upper part of the figure here is the left part of the figure

Target geometry 5 and to recognize in the right part of the figure with the conventional method using a single spot generated component 6. The target geometry 5 is subdivided in a known manner into individual layers 7, which correspond to the layers in the layer structure of the three-dimensional component to be produced. Due to the illustrated

Layers and the processing by means of a single spot is achieved here only a rough approximation to the target geometry to be generated 5. In the lower part of the figure, the conditions in the use of the proposed method are shown, in which the generated component 6 (right part illustration) of the

Target Geometry 5 is approached much better. This is achieved by suitably varying the power distribution 8 within the multispot array (here with 5 spots) and therefore within a layer to be exposed, with the proposed method, as shown in the figure for the various

Layers is indicated, so that the

Material distribution also within a straight

machined layer can be specifically influenced. Reference sign list

1 machining head

2 laser spot

3 optical fibers

4 focusing elements

5 target geometry

6 component

7 shift

8 power distribution

Claims

claims

Method for processing a material layer with energetic radiation, in particular

Laser radiation, in which several of each other

directed separate energetic beams at least temporarily on the material layer and are guided over the material layer in a direction of movement, wherein the material layer within a region to be machined to produce

at least one coherent molten bath is melted locally,

characterized,

that by a variation of a radiation power and / or a spot distance perpendicular to

Movement direction and / or a spot size of each directed into the area to be processed energetic rays and / or by setting a mutual offset of each directed in the area to be processed energy beams parallel to the direction of movement one or more properties of the molten bath and / or by solidification of the Melting bath produced melt trace are influenced.

Method according to claim 1,

characterized,

that for processing the material layer a

Processing head (1), of which the energetic beams next to each other and / or with their spots (2) partially overlapping on the material layer are directed over the material layer or the material layer relative to the machining head (1) is moved.

Method according to claim 2,

characterized,

in that, for generative production of a component (6), a powdery material for the component (6) is melted in layers in accordance with the component geometry by irradiation with the energetic radiation.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized

that the radiation power and / or the

Spot distance and / or the spot size and / or the mutual offset of each directed in the area to be processed energy beams is varied or set to differing from that one

Material distribution is homogenized within the melting track.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized

that the radiation power and / or the

Material distribution within the melting trace against machining without such Variation and / or such an offset is changed.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized

that the radiation power and / or the

Spot distance and / or the spot size and / or the mutual offset of each in the zu

are varied or deviated from one another in such a way that a fusion convection is reduced or deliberately induced or intensified.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized

that the radiation power and / or the

are adjusted or varied so that a melting ^¬ depth is made ^uniform over the area occupied by the molten bath.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized

that the radiation power and / or the

Machining area directed energetic rays are so varied or set divergently or will be that one Melting depth profile is changed over the area occupied by the molten bath with respect to a machining without such a variation and / or such an offset.

Method according to claim 4,

characterized,

in that a mutual offset of the energetic rays respectively directed in the region to be processed is set in the direction of movement, in which, starting from a first side of the molten bath, each adjacent beam in the direction of the opposite second side of the molten bath has an offset in the direction of movement, and the radiation power of energetic

Rays rise from the first side to the second side.

Method according to claim 5,

characterized,

Rays decreases from the first side to the second side.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,

characterized, that the variation of the radiation power and / or the spot spacing and / or the spot size of each directed in the area to be processed

energetic beams relative to each other.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized

that the radiation power and / or the

machining area directed energetic beams in the generative manufacturing of

Components (6) so varied or from each other

is deviating or be adjusted that a component geometry to be generated is better approximated than when processing with the

energetic rays without such

Variation and / or such an offset.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized

that the radiation power in the generative production of components (6) is varied so that a melting depth and / or material distribution is adapted to the component geometry to be generated.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized

that the radiant power in the generative production of components (6) is varied so that in peripheral areas of the component (6) by

Schmelzetluss an antialiasing takes place.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized

that the spot distance perpendicular to the direction of ^¬ movement in the generative production of

Components (6) is varied so that a

^{Melting depth is} adapted to the component geometry to be generated.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,

characterized,

Components (6) is varied so that temperature ^¬ fluctuations are reduced within the material layer.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,

characterized,

that the spot distance perpendicular to the direction of motion in the generative production of

Components (6) is varied so that

Reducing the spot distance an increase in the edge accuracy is achieved. 18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17,

characterized,

that the energetic rays with several

Laser beam sources or can be generated with a laser beam source whose laser radiation is split into several laser beams.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18,

characterized, that for processing the material layer several processing heads (1), of which in each case the energetic beams next to each other and / or with their spots partially overlapping on the

Material layer are directed to be moved simultaneously over the material layer or the

Material layer is moved relative to the machining heads (1).