WO2019033286A1 - 一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉 - Google Patents

一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019033286A1
WO2019033286A1 PCT/CN2017/097586 CN2017097586W WO2019033286A1 WO 2019033286 A1 WO2019033286 A1 WO 2019033286A1 CN 2017097586 W CN2017097586 W CN 2017097586W WO 2019033286 A1 WO2019033286 A1 WO 2019033286A1
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flue gas
section
furnace
hearth
water
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PCT/CN2017/097586
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘国辉
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深圳市能源环保有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/097586 priority Critical patent/WO2019033286A1/zh
Publication of WO2019033286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019033286A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a garbage disposal device, in particular to a garbage incinerator with low nitrogen combustion.
  • the incineration treatment technology Compared with garbage disposal technologies such as landfill and composting, the incineration treatment technology has obvious effects of reducing volume and weight loss, and is harmless and complete, and has a small footprint. In addition, waste heat can be used for heating or power generation, and secondary pollution. The advantages of being less and controllable have gradually become the mainstream technology for urban domestic waste disposal in China. With the large-scale application and development of incineration technology, the focus of attention has shifted from incineration technology to how to deal with it. How can we recycle energy in waste as much as possible, improve utilization efficiency and how to reduce secondary pollutants? Production and emissions.
  • the existing grate type garbage incinerator grate can be divided into four stages: a drying section, a pyrolysis section, a combustion section and a burnout section.
  • a drying section a pyrolysis section
  • a combustion section a burnout section.
  • the composition of flue gas produced by different furnace sections varies greatly.
  • the flue gas temperature is relatively low, and the oxygen content is high, containing CO and CH 4 .
  • the combustible gas and the burnout section have higher flue gas temperature, lower oxygen content, less corrosive gas content and weak corrosiveness due to higher temperature.
  • the drying section, the pyrolysis section, the combustion section and the burning section share one furnace, and the flue gases of different compositions generated in each furnace section are mixed and flowed in one furnace, and nitrogen is easily generated due to high temperature and high oxygen state. Harmful gases such as oxides.
  • the existing technology mainly reduces the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to nitrogen by a reducing agent, mainly a selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR) and a selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR), but the operating costs of the two technologies are relatively high. High, it requires the consumption of reducing agents and catalysts.
  • SNCR selective non-catalytic reduction technology
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction technology
  • the present invention provides a low-nitrogen combustion waste incinerator, in which a water-cooled partition screen is arranged in the waste incinerator, and the furnace is divided into two parts, a front furnace and a rear furnace, in a lateral direction, and the incinerator is arranged.
  • the generated flue gas is divided into the front flue gas and the rear flue gas, so that the front flue gas generated in the drying section and the pyrolysis section flows in the front furnace, and the post-firing gas generated in the combustion section and the burnout section flows in the post-furnace, so that
  • the high-temperature post-flue gas is in a low-oxygen environment, and a water-cooling desuperheater is further disposed in the rear grate, so that the temperature of the post-flue gas passes through the water-cooling desuperheater further decreases, and a secondary air is sprayed at the throat of the grate, so that The mixed flue gas after mixing the front flue gas, the post flue gas and the secondary air is further burned to further reduce the formation of harmful substances.
  • the invention provides a garbage incinerator with low nitrogen combustion
  • the furnace body mainly comprises a grate, a garbage inlet, a ash ash port and a furnace, and the grate is divided into a drying section, a pyrolysis section, and a burning furnace.
  • the primary air is respectively connected to the lower side of the drying section, the pyrolysis section, the combustion section and the burnout section to play a combustion-supporting effect, wherein a water-cooled partition screen is arranged in the furnace chamber.
  • the water-cooled partition screen divides the furnace into two parts, a front furnace and a rear furnace, and divides the flue gas generated by the incinerator into a front smoke and a rear smoke, and makes the drying section and the heat
  • the front flue gas generated by the solution section is restricted to flow in the front furnace
  • the post-smoke gas generated by the combustion section and the burnout section is restricted to flow in the post-furnace, so that the high-temperature post-flue gas is in a low-oxygen environment
  • a water-cooling desuperheater is further disposed in the rear furnace to further reduce the temperature of the post-flue gas passing through the water-cooling desuperheater.
  • the front flue gas and the post-smoke gas are located in the upper part of the partition screen in the furnace chamber, and are sprayed into the throat of the furnace.
  • the secondary wind further combusts the mixed flue gas after mixing the front flue gas, the post flue gas and the secondary air, further reducing the formation of harmful substances.
  • the water-cooling desuperheater employs a coiled-tube heat exchanger.
  • the present invention provides a low-nitrogen burning waste incinerator, in which a water-cooled partition screen is arranged in the waste incinerator, and the furnace is divided into two parts, a front furnace and a rear furnace, in a lateral direction, and the incinerator is produced.
  • the flue gas is divided into the front flue gas and the post flue gas, and the front flue gas generated in the drying section and the pyrolysis section flows in the front furnace, and the post-smoke flue gas generated in the combustion section and the burnout section flows in the post-furnace.
  • the high-temperature post-flue gas is placed in a low-oxygen environment, and a water-cooling desuperheater is further disposed in the rear grate to further reduce the temperature of the post-flue gas passing through the water-cooling desuperheater, and to inject a secondary air at the throat of the grate
  • the mixed flue gas after mixing the front flue gas, the post flue gas and the secondary air is further burned to further reduce the formation of harmful substances.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of an embodiment of the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1.5 hearth 1.5A front furnace, 1.5B rear furnace,
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of an embodiment of the prior art.
  • the figure shows a low-nitrogen burning waste incinerator.
  • the furnace body 1 mainly includes a grate, a garbage inlet 1.1, a ash discharge port 1.3 and a furnace raft 1.5.
  • the grate is divided into a drying section 1.21, a pyrolysis section 1.22, and a combustion section 1.23. And the four stages of the burnout section 1.24, respectively, in the drying section 1.21, the pyrolysis section 1.22, the combustion section 1.23 and the burning section 1.24, respectively, the primary wind 1.8A is used to play a combustion-supporting role.
  • the composition of flue gas produced by different furnace sections varies greatly.
  • the flue gas temperature is relatively low, and the oxygen content is high, containing CO and CH 4 .
  • the flammable gas, as well as the corrosive gas such as HCl and Cl 2 which will corrode the heated surface of the waste heat boiler, is highly corrosive; and the combustion section and the burnout section have higher temperature, so the temperature of the flue gas is higher, oxygen
  • the content is low, the content of corrosive gas is small, and the corrosion is weak.
  • the figure shows that in the prior art, the drying section, the pyrolysis section, the combustion section and the burning section share one furnace 1.5, and the different components of the flue gas generated in each furnace section are mixed in the furnace to form flue gas 1.4, and the flue gas 1.4 is
  • the furnace is in the process of flowing inside 1.5. Due to the high temperature and high oxygen state, harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides are easily generated.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows that, unlike the prior art, in this example, a water-cooled partition screen 1.6 is also arranged in the furnace, and the water-cooled partition screen 1.6 divides the furnace into a front furnace 1.5A and a rear furnace 1.5B in a lateral direction.
  • the flue gas generated by the incinerator is divided into the front flue gas 1.4A and the rear flue gas 1.4B, and the dry flue gas 1.4A generated in the drying section 1.21 and the pyrolysis section 1.22 is restricted to flow in the front furnace 1.5A, and The post-flue gas 1.4B generated in the combustion section 1.23 and the burn-out section 1.24 is restricted to flow in the rear furnace 1.5B, so that the high-temperature post-flue gas 1.4B is in a low-oxygen environment, and water cooling is also provided in the rear furnace 1.5B.
  • Desuperheater 1.7 the temperature of the flue gas 1.4B after the water cooling desuperheater 1.7 is further reduced, the front flue gas 1.4A and the rear flue gas 1.4B are located in the upper part of the water cooling partition screen 1.6 in the furnace, and 1.9 is injected in the furnace throat.
  • the secondary air 1.8B further combusts the mixed flue gas after mixing the front flue gas 1.4A, the post flue gas 1.4B and the secondary air 1.8B, further reducing the formation of harmful substances.
  • the setting of the desuperheater 1.7 in the rear furnace 1.5B is to control and lower the temperature of the flue gas 1.4B, thereby controlling the temperature of the flue gas after the mixing of the front flue gas 1.4A and the rear flue gas 1.4B.
  • the front flue gas 1.4A and the post-cooling flue gas 1.4B meet at the upper part of the partition screen, and the secondary air is sprayed into the furnace throat 1.9, so that the front flue gas 1.4A, the rear flue gas 1.4B and the secondary air 1.8B mixing.
  • the former flue gas 1.4A contains some unburned combustible gases such as CO and CH 4 , these combustible gases will burn again when they are mixed with the rear flue gas 1.4B and the secondary air 1.8B at the throat of the furnace.
  • the temperature of the flue gas will rise again.
  • the temperature of the flue gas 1.4B By reducing the temperature of the flue gas 1.4B, the temperature of the flue gas after the mixed flue gas is burned again, and the temperature is kept away from the temperature range in which the nitrogen oxides are generated. Since the flue gas temperature is controlled, the flue gas is isolated in the furnace. And graded combustion, effectively suppressing and reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the water-cooling desuperheater 1.7 employs a serpentine tube heat exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，炉体（1）主要包括炉排、垃圾入口（1.1）、落灰口（1.3）及炉膛（1.5），炉排分为干燥段（1.21）、热解段（1.22）、燃烧段（1.23）和燃尽段（1.24）四个阶段，在干燥段（1.21）、热解段（1.22）、燃烧段（1.23）和燃尽段（1.24）下侧分别接入一次风（1.8A）发挥助燃作用，在炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏（1.6），水冷分隔屏（1.6）将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛（1.5A）、后炉膛（1.5B）两个部份，将焚烧炉产生的烟气分隔成前烟气（1.4A）和后烟气（1.4B），并使干燥段（1.21）、热解段（1.22）产生的前烟气（1.4A）被限制在前炉膛（1.5A）中流动，而燃烧段（1.23）、燃尽段（1.24）产生的后烟气（1.4B）被限制在后炉膛（1.5B）中流动，使高温的后烟气（1.4B）处于低氧的环境中，并且在后炉膛（1.5B）中还设置水冷降温器（1.7），使后烟气（1.4B）经过水冷降温器（1.7）时温度进一步降低，前烟气（1.4A）与后烟气（1.4B）在炉膛内位于水冷分隔屏（1.6）上部汇合，在炉膛喉口处（1.9）喷入二次风（1.8B），使前烟气（1.4A）、后烟气（1.4B）与二次风（1.8B）混合之后的混合烟气进一步燃烧，进一步减少有害物质的形成。

Description

一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理设备，尤其涉及一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉。
背景技术
与垃圾填埋、堆肥等垃圾处理技术相比，焚烧处理技术具有减容、减重效果明显，无害化彻底，且占地面积小，另外余热还能用于供热或发电，二次污染较少且可控等优点，已逐渐成为我国城市生活垃圾处理的主流技术。随着焚烧技术的大规模运用和发展，人们关注的焦点已经从焚烧技术可以处理转到了如何才能处理好，如何才能尽可能地回收垃圾中的能源，提高利用效率以及如何才能减少二次污染物的生产和排放。
现有炉排式垃圾焚烧炉炉排可划分为干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段四个阶段。在垃圾焚烧过程中，不同炉段产生的烟气成份差异很大，如干燥段、热解段由于温度较低，其产生的烟气温度相对较低，氧含量较高，含有CO、CH4等可燃气体；而燃烧段和燃尽段由于温度较高，产生的烟气温度较高，氧含量较低，腐蚀性气体含量少，腐蚀性弱。现有技术中，干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段共用一个炉膛，各个炉段产生的不同成份的烟气在一个炉膛内混合流动，由于处于高温高氧状态，极易产生氮氧化物等有害气体。
现有的技术主要是通过还原剂将烟气中的氮氧化物还原为氮气，主要有选择性非催化还原技术(SNCR)和选择性催化还原技术(SCR)，但是这两种技术运行成本较高，需要消耗还原剂和催化剂。中国专利CN105371282A通过抽取炉排尾段的烟气，经旋风除尘后，从焚烧炉喉口位置送入焚烧炉，达到抑制氮氧化物的目的。该专利虽解决了锅炉出口烟气飞灰量增加的风险，但是此种技术与从余热锅炉或布袋除尘器出口抽取烟气送入焚烧炉的烟气再循环技术并无太大不同，均存在循环烟气管道需要保温，防止低温腐蚀，同时增加的设备较多，运行维护工作量大、费用高，运行控制也较为复杂。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术问题，本发明提出一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，在垃圾焚烧炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉产生的烟气分隔成前烟气、后烟气，使干燥段、热解段产生的前烟气在前炉膛中流动，燃烧段、燃尽段产生的后烟气在后炉膛中流动，使高温的后烟气处于低氧的环境中，在后炉膛中还设置水冷降温器，使后烟气经过所述水冷降温器时温度进一步降低，并且在炉膛喉口处喷入二次风，使前烟气、后烟气与二次风混合之后的混合烟气进一步燃烧，进一步减少有害物质的形成。
本发明解决技术问题所提供方案是，一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，炉体主要包括炉排、垃圾入口、落灰口及炉膛，所述炉排分为干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段四个阶段，在所述干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段下侧分别接入一次风发挥助燃作用，其特征是，在所述炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，所述水冷分隔屏将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉产生的烟气分隔成前烟气和后烟气，并使干燥段、热 解段产生的前烟气被限制在前炉膛中流动，而燃烧段、燃尽段产生的后烟气被限制在后炉膛中流动，使高温的后烟气处于低氧的环境中，并且在后炉膛中还设置水冷降温器，使后烟气经过所述水冷降温器时温度进一步降低，所述前烟气与后烟气在炉膛内位于分隔屏上部汇合，在炉膛喉口处喷入二次风，使所述前烟气、后烟气与二次风混合之后的混合烟气进一步燃烧，进一步减少有害物质的形成。
本发明的优选方案，所述水冷降温器采用蛇形管换热器。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提出一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，在垃圾焚烧炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉产生的烟气分隔成前烟气、后烟气，并使干燥段、热解段产生的前烟气在前炉膛中流动，而燃烧段、燃尽段产生的后烟气在后炉膛中流动，使高温的后烟气处于低氧的环境中，并且在后炉膛中还设置水冷降温器，使后烟气经过所述水冷降温器时温度进一步降低，并且在炉膛喉口处喷入二次风，使前烟气、后烟气与二次风混合之后的混合烟气进一步燃烧，进一步减少有害物质的形成。
附图说明
图1为现有技术一个实施例的结构布置示意图。
图2为本发明一个实施例的结构布置示意图。
图中：
1炉体，
1.1垃圾入口，
1.21干燥段、1.22热解段、1.23燃烧段、1.24燃尽段，
1.3落灰口，
1.4烟气，1.4A前烟气，1.4B后烟气，
1.5炉膛，1.5A前炉膛，1.5B后炉膛，
1.6水冷分隔屏，
1.7水冷降温器，
1.8A一次风，1.8B二次风，
1.9炉膛喉口处。
具体实施方式
图1为现有技术一个实施例的结构布置示意图。图中显示，一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，炉体1主要包括炉排、垃圾入口1.1、落灰口1.3及炉膛1.5，炉排分为干燥段1.21、热解段1.22、燃烧段1.23和燃尽段1.24四个阶段，在干燥段1.21、热解段1.22、燃烧段1.23和燃尽段1.24下侧分别接入一次风1.8A发挥助燃作用。
在垃圾焚烧过程中，不同炉段产生的烟气成份差异很大，如干燥段、热解段由于温度较低，其产生的烟 气温度相对较低，氧含量较高，含有CO、CH4等可燃气体，同时也含有会对余热锅炉受热面产生腐蚀的HCl、Cl2等腐蚀气体，腐蚀性强；而燃烧段和燃尽段由于温度较高，因此产生的烟气温度较高，氧含量较低，腐蚀性气体含量少，腐蚀性弱。图中显示，现有技术中，干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段共用一个炉膛1.5，各个炉段产生的不同成份的烟气在炉膛内混合形成烟气1.4，烟气1.4在炉膛1.5内流动过程中。由于处于高温高氧状态，因此极易产生氮氧化物等有害气体。
图2为本发明一个实施例的结构布置示意图。图中显示，与现有技术不同的是，本例中，在炉膛内还设置水冷分隔屏1.6，水冷分隔屏1.6将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛1.5A、后炉膛1.5B两个部份，将焚烧炉产生的烟气分隔成前烟气1.4A和后烟气1.4B，并使干燥段1.21、热解段1.22产生的前烟气1.4A被限制在前炉膛1.5A中流动，而燃烧段1.23、燃尽段1.24产生的后烟气1.4B被限制在后炉膛1.5B中流动，使高温的后烟气1.4B处于低氧的环境中，并且在后炉膛1.5B中还设置水冷降温器1.7，使后烟气1.4B经过水冷降温器1.7时温度进一步降低，前烟气1.4A与后烟气1.4B在炉膛内位于水冷分隔屏1.6上部汇合，在炉膛喉口处1.9喷入二次风1.8B，使前烟气1.4A、后烟气1.4B与二次风1.8B混合之后的混合烟气进一步燃烧，进一步减少有害物质的形成。
本例中，在后炉膛1.5B中设置降温器1.7的是控制、降低后烟气1.4B的温度，从而控制前烟气1.4A和后烟气1.4B混合后烟气的温度。前烟气1.4A与经降温后的后烟气1.4B于分隔屏上部汇合，并在炉膛喉口处1.9喷入二次风，使前烟气1.4A、后烟气1.4B与二次风1.8B混合。因为前烟气1.4A中含有部分未燃尽的CO、CH4等可燃气体，在与后烟气1.4B和二次风1.8B于炉膛喉口处1.9混合时，这些可燃气体会再次燃烧，烟气温度会再次升高。通过降低后烟气1.4B的温度，控制混合烟气再次燃烧后烟气温度，并使其温度避开氮氧化物生成的温度区间，由于烟气温度受到控制，实现烟气在炉膛内实现隔离并分级燃烧，有效抑制、减少氮氧化物的生成。
本发明提示，本例中，水冷降温器1.7采用蛇形管换热器。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，炉体主要包括炉排、垃圾入口、落灰口及炉膛，所述炉排分为干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段四个阶段，在所述干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段下侧分别接入一次风发挥助燃作用，其特征是，在所述炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，所述水冷分隔屏将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉产生的烟气分隔成前烟气和后烟气，并使干燥段、热解段产生的前烟气被限制在前炉膛中流动，而燃烧段、燃尽段产生的后烟气被限制在后炉膛中流动，使高温的后烟气处于低氧的环境中，并且在后炉膛中还设置水冷降温器，使后烟气经过所述水冷降温器时温度进一步降低，所述前烟气与后烟气在炉膛内位于分隔屏上部汇合，在炉膛喉口处喷入二次风，使所述前烟气、后烟气与二次风混合之后的混合烟气进一步燃烧，进一步减少有害物质的形成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，其特征是，所述水冷降温器采用蛇形管换热器。
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