WO2019032221A1 - Apprentissage amélioré de formation de faisceaux pour communications sans fil - Google Patents

Apprentissage amélioré de formation de faisceaux pour communications sans fil Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019032221A1
WO2019032221A1 PCT/US2018/040582 US2018040582W WO2019032221A1 WO 2019032221 A1 WO2019032221 A1 WO 2019032221A1 US 2018040582 W US2018040582 W US 2018040582W WO 2019032221 A1 WO2019032221 A1 WO 2019032221A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brp
responder
edmg
initiator
packets
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/040582
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Claudio Da Silva
Jonathan KOSLOFF
Carlos Cordeiro
Artyom LOMAYEV
Original Assignee
Intel IP Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel IP Corporation filed Critical Intel IP Corporation
Publication of WO2019032221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019032221A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, to beamforming training.
  • Wireless devices are becoming widely prevalent and are increasingly requesting access to wireless channels.
  • the growing density of wireless deployments require increased network and spectrum availability.
  • Wireless devices may communicate over a next generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) network, and/or any other network.
  • NG60 next generation 60 GHz
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • FIG. 1 depicts a network diagram illustrating an example network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative portion of an enhanced directional multi gigabit
  • BRP beam refinement protocol Request element format of a BRP frame, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3A depicts an illustrative BRP transmit sector sweep (TXSS) process.
  • FIG. 3B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process with a responder BRP TXSS.
  • FIG. 4A depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 A depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6A depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process with receive beamforming training for the case when both stations have strong reciprocity, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process with receive beamforming training, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process with a responder BRP TXSS, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 A illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8D illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a functional diagram of an example communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices for enhanced beamforming training.
  • the following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them.
  • Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments.
  • Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.
  • Wireless communications protocols such as Wi-Fi may use beamforming to facilitate directional communications between devices.
  • a device antenna may direct energy from a transmitter in one or more directions for the communication of wireless signals.
  • an antenna transmits using antenna sectors (e.g., directions) which may cover a 360 degree pattern, whereas in a directional transmission, an antenna may direct radiofrequency energy in a particular direction to allow for transmission of longer distances than when using omnidirectional transmissions, for example.
  • Beamforming may allow devices to establish optimal antenna configurations to use in a directional communication link with another device.
  • a device which begins a beamforming process is known as an initiator, and a device which receives an initiator's beamforming request is known as a responder.
  • IEEE 802.11 communication standards define some beamforming processes between devices.
  • beamforming may include a sector-level sweep (SLS), a beam refinement protocol (BRP), and beam tracking (BT).
  • SLS sector-level sweep
  • BRP beam refinement protocol
  • BT beam tracking
  • SLS sector-level sweep
  • devices may train their respective antennas to select the best antenna configurations to use.
  • BRP devices may use the best antenna settings determined in an SLS procedure, and those best antenna settings may change over time.
  • a BRP transmission sector sweep (TXSS) procedure may allow devices to revisit their determinations of best antenna configurations without having to repeat an entire SLS procedure.
  • TXSS transmission sector sweep
  • a device may send a portion of a packet with an antenna setting (e.g., an antenna sector) up until the training field (TRN) of the packet.
  • TRN training field
  • a device may switch antennas to allow for the transmission of the TRN using each antenna sector, or a subset of multiple antenna sectors, for the purpose of beamforming training. For example, if a device has three antenna sectors and has determined that the second antenna sector is the optimal sector for communication with another device, then the transmitting device may transmit at least a portion of a packet three times - once in each antenna sector. Each transmission may use the second antenna sector to transmit a portion of each packet preceding the TRN of the packets. When transmitting the TRN of each packet, the device may switch antennas.
  • the TRN of a first packet may be sent using antenna sector one; the TRN of a second packet may be sent using antenna sector two; and the TRN of a third packet may be sent using antenna sector three even though a portion of each of the three packets may be sent using the second antenna sector.
  • a BRP TXSS is a procedure defined in the IEEE 802.11 communication standards and which enables enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) station devices (STAs) to perform a transmit sector sweep using EDMG BRP transmission (BRP-TX) packets.
  • EDMG BRP-TX packets An advantage of using EDMG BRP-TX packets is that a number of sectors and/or antenna weight vectors (AWVs) may be trained and/or used in a single EDMG BRP-TX packet, while sector sweep (SSWyShort SSW packets used in "traditional" transmit sector sweep procedures may only allow for the training of one antenna sector at a time. Therefore, the use of EDMG BRP- TX packets in beamforming may significantly reduce the time needed to perform a transmit sector sweep.
  • Some BRP TXSS procedures may not allow for STAs to request a desired number of directional multi gigabit (DMG) antennas to be used in beamforming training, and may require a significant time duration for a BRP TXSS even if a receiving device (e.g., a responder) is capable of simultaneously receiving multiple initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets with more than one DMG antenna.
  • a receiving device e.g., a responder
  • allowing the beamforming process to implicitly indicate the number of TX antennas utilized in the beamforming procedure may be complex in some defined BRP TXSS procedures.
  • a responder BRP TXSS in a responder BRP TXSS, after receiving the last EDMG BRP-TX packet sent by the initiator in an initiator BRP TXSS, a responder may transmit EDMG BRP-TX packets to perform a transmit sector sweep using each of its DMG antennas, and the process may be repeated for each DMG antenna of the initiator. Therefore, such BRP TXSS procedures may require STAs to use each of their DMG antennas when not every DMG antenna may need to be trained via beamforming. In addition, such BRP TXSS procedures may require significant time to complete, and may require significant complexity to indicate a number of TX antennas to use in the BRP TXSS procedures.
  • Devices with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) capability may receive and process transmissions simultaneously with multiple antenna settings. Therefore, an initiator may not need to transmit for each responder' s receive antenna. For example, if a responder has three antennas to train and has MIMO capability, then instead of an initiator having to transmit packets to each receive antenna of the responder, the initiator may not need to send each packet the number of times corresponding to the number of responder receive antennas. Therefore, the number of transmissions required for beamforming may be reduced, and the beamforming process may be shortened.
  • a device may only intend to train some, but not all, antennas. It may therefore be desirable for an initiator and a responder to indicate the number of transmit and receive antennas, respectively, that each device intends to use in a beamforming process.
  • some beamforming processes may not completely define the behavior of STAs after participating in a BRP TXSS procedure.
  • some BRP TXSS procedures defined by communication standards may not define the antenna configuration used by STAs after a BRP TXSS is completed.
  • some BRP TXSS procedures may not allow STAs to perform receive beamforming training using transmit settings as determined in a BRP TXSS procedure.
  • both STAs already have transmit and receive antenna configuration settings that may allow them to communicate - both transmit and receive - with a modulation and coding scheme of 0 or higher.
  • Both STAs may have selected one or more DMG antennas to communicate (e.g., for implementations that have more than one antenna) and may have determined which AWV(s) to use.
  • the initiator If the initiator has determined that, based on the results of a transmit sector sweep procedure, the initiator would like to use a different DMG antenna and/or AWV than the antenna settings the initiator has been using (e.g., the AWV used during the setup phase of a BRP TXSS), the initiator must allow the responder to train the responder' s receive antenna configuration before the initiator may change its own transmit antenna configuration.
  • the responder has made measurements during the BRP TXSS using a quasi-omni antenna pattern, and because there is no guarantee that the established communication link between the initiator and responder will still close (e.g., whether communication is still possible on that communication link after a BRP TXSS) if the receive antenna setting the responder has implemented is used with a different transmit antenna configuration of the initiator due to the initiator changing its antenna configuration after a BRP TXSS. Therefore, it may not be possible for STAs to change their antenna settings based on results of a BRP TXSS without additional antenna training.
  • a BRP TXSS procedure it may be desirable to define receive beamforming training after a BRP TXSS procedure so that, for example, an initiator having performed a BRP TXSS procedure may be able to switch to and use an antenna configuration which was determined to be optimal in a communication link with a responder (e.g., for communication with the responder).
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for enhanced beamforming training for wireless communications.
  • the BRP TXSS procedure defined in the IEEE 802.1 lay standard may be expanded to allow a responder and initiator to request a desired number of DMG antennas to be used in the procedure, to allow the simultaneous use of multiple receive DMG antennas in a BRP TXSS when EDMG BRP-TX packets are transmitted with a single transmit chain (e.g., radio or antenna), and to simplify an indication of the requested number of antennas to be used by the transmitter and receiver in a beamforming procedure.
  • the enhanced beamforming procedure may apply to millimeter wave devices.
  • BRP setup frames used to commence a beamforming training process may include enhanced indications.
  • enhanced fields in an EDMG BRP request element of a BRP setup frame used to support enhanced beamforming training may include a TXSS-PACKETS field and/or a TXSS -REPEAT field.
  • the value indicated by TXSS-PACKETS plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the transmitter to perform transmit training.
  • the value indicated by TXSS-REPEAT plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets shall be repeated (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent).
  • the responder when an initiator has two DMG antennas, the responder has three DMG antennas, and both the initiator and responder use one DMG antenna when performing measurements, if the responder is capable of processing all of its antennas simultaneously, the duration of the BRP TXSS may be shortened using enhanced beamforming. For example, by using TXSS-PACKETS and TXSS-REPEAT indicators, a responder and/or initiator may provide an indication of a desired number of DMG antennas to be used in an enhanced beamforming procedure, and therefore a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent.
  • the indications may allow the simultaneous use of multiple receive DMG antennas in a BRP TXSS when EDMG BRP-TX packets are transmitted with a single transmit chain. Also, the indications may simplify the communication of the requested number of antennas to be used in enhanced beamforming.
  • an initiator of a BRP TXSS may send a BRP frame with the BRP-TXSS field and the TXSS -INITIATOR field included in an EDMG BRP Request element both set to 1 and the TXSS-PACKETS field set to indicate the number of EDMG BRP- TX packets necessary for the initiator to perform transmit training.
  • the responder may respond with a BRP frame medium beamforming interframe space (MBIFS) interval after the reception of the BRP frame sent by the initiator with the BRP- TXSS field within the EDMG BRP Request element set to one, the TXSS-INITIATOR field set to zero, and the TXSS -REPEAT field set to indicate the number of requested repetitions of the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent).
  • MIFS BRP frame medium beamforming interframe space
  • the TXSS-RESP-TRN subfield in the EDMG BRP Request element of the BRP frame that initiates the BRP TXSS may be set to one when the procedure includes a Responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP TXSS does not include a Responder BRP TXSS, the TXSS-RESP-TRN subfield shall be set to zero.
  • the TXSS-REPEAT field in the BRP frame sent by the initiator may be set to indicate the number of requested repetitions of the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the responder (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent).
  • the TXSS-PACKETS field in the BRP frame sent by the responder may be set to indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the responder to perform transmit training.
  • the TXSS-RESP-TRN subfield in the EDMG BRP Request element of the BRP frame that initiates the BRP TXSS is set to one
  • the TXSS-REPEAT field in the BRP frame sent by the initiator may be set to zero
  • the TXSS-PACKETS field in the BRP frame sent by the responder may be set to one.
  • the EDMG BRP Request element may be modified to include the following fields:
  • the BRP-TXSS field may be set to one to indicate either a request to perform BRP TXSS or to acknowledge a request to perform BRP TXSS. Otherwise, this field may be set to zero.
  • the TXSS- INITIATOR field set to one may indicate that the transmitter of the BRP frame is the initiator of the BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to one, the TXSS-INITIATOR field set to zero may indicate that the transmitter of the BRP frame is the responder of the BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to zero, the TXSS-INITIATOR field may be reserved.
  • the value in the TXSS-PACKETS fields plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the initiator to perform transmit training. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to one and the TXSS-INITIATOR field is equal to zero, the value in the TXSS-PACKETS fields plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the responder to perform transmit training if the procedure includes a Responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to zero, the TXSS-PACKETS field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-RESP-TRN field set to one may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS includes a Responder BRP TXSS. Otherwise, the TXSS-RESP-TRN field set to zero may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS does not include a Responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field and the TXSS-INITIATOR field are not both equal to one, the TXSS-RESP-TRN field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-REPEAT field plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets transmitted in the Responder BRP TXSS may be repeated. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to one and the TXSS-INITIATOR field is equal to zero, the TXSS-REPEAT field plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets transmitted in the Initiator BRP TXSS may be repeated. Otherwise, the TXSS-REPEAT field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS -RECIPROCAL field set to one may indicate the request for reciprocal BRP TXSS training, otherwise it may be set to zero. If the BRP-TXSS field and the TXSS-INITIATOR field are not both equal to one, the TXSS- RECIPROCAL field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-MIMO field set to one may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS is a MIMO BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to one, the TXSS-MIMO field set to zero may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS is a single input single output (SISO) BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field and the TXSS-INITIATOR field are not both equal to one, the TXSS-MIMO field may be reserved.
  • DMG/EDMG STAs may be classified according to their reciprocity characteristics, such as strong reciprocity (or AWV-level reciprocity).
  • the best AWV for transmission for a given STA is also the best AWV for receiving, and vice-versa. This property implies that the best transmit DMG antenna is the same as the best receive DMG antenna, and vice- versa.
  • An antenna pattern reciprocity field may be set to one to indicate that the transmit antenna pattern associated with an AWV is the same as the receive antenna pattern for the same AWV. Otherwise, this field may be set to zero.
  • Weak reciprocity (or antenna-level reciprocity) may mean that the best transmit DMG antenna of the STA is the same as the best receive DMG antenna of the STA, and vice versa.
  • a DMG antenna Reciprocity field may be set to one to indicate that the best transmit DMG antenna of the STA is the same as the best receive DMG antenna of the STA and vice versa. Otherwise, this field may be set to zero. No reciprocity may mean that the best transmit DMG antenna and AWV of the STA is not necessarily the same as the best receive DMG antenna and AWV, and vice versa.
  • a beamforming procedure may be used to determine transmit/receive antenna settings for both the responder and initiator.
  • Enhanced beamforming may be achieved by performing two back-to-back BRP TXSS procedures with the initiator/responder roles inverted. Specifically, if the TXSS-REQ- RECIPROCAL subfield within the EDMG BRP Request element in the BRP frame sent by the initiator to start the BRP TXSS is equal to 1, then:
  • the initiator may transmit EDMG BRP-TX packets using the DMG antenna corresponding to the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the responder may use a directional antenna pattern when receiving the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator.
  • the AWV used by the responder may be the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • a new sub-phase of a BRP TXSS procedure may be used to enable enhanced beamforming training as part of the BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the sub-phase may be optional or mandatory, and may include the initiator sending an EDMG BRP-RX packet.
  • the TRN field of the EDMG BRP-RX packet sent as part of a BRP TXSS may be transmitted using the best transmit antenna configuration (e.g., DMG antenna and AWV) according to the feedback sent by the responder (e.g., obtained by using EDMG BRP-TX packets).
  • the responder to perform receive beamforming training and determine receive antenna configuration (e.g., DMG antenna and AWV) for the transmit setting determined in the BRP TXSS.
  • the TRN field of the EDMG BRP-RX packet sent by the initiator may be received with the DMG antenna that corresponds to the best measurement in the feedback sent to the initiator.
  • the TRN field length may be determined by the responder during setup (e.g., in the BRP frame sent to the initiator with setup information).
  • Enhanced beamforming may be performed by using the same procedure used when a STA requests receive beam tracking.
  • an EDMG STA may request a peer EDMG STA (e.g., beam tracking responder) to perform receive beam tracking by setting, in a transmitted packet, the TXVECTOR parameter EDMG_BEAM_TRACKING_REQUEST to Beam Tracking Requested, EDMG_BEAM_TRACKING_TYPE to Analog Beam Tracking or Baseband Beam Tracking, BEAM_TRACKING_REQUEST to Beam Tracking Not Requested, EDMG_TRN_LEN to the number of requested TRN units, and packet type to TRN- R-PACKET.
  • the first TRN-Unit in the EDMG BRP-RX packet may be used for the initiator to switch DMG antennas and may not be processed by the responder.
  • the number of packets and the antenna configuration used in the Responder BRP TXSS may depend in part on the following: If the value of an antenna pattern reciprocity field in a device's DMG capability information field is one, it may not be necessary to repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets. All packets may be received by the initiator with the same antenna (e.g., which is the best antenna found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow). If the value of an antenna pattern reciprocity field in a device's DMG capability information field is one, only one packet may be sent per repetition.
  • all packets may be transmitted by the responder with the same antenna (e.g., which is the best one found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow).
  • the initiator may use directional reception when receiving the TRN field of the EDMG BRP-TX packets. In other words, the initiator may use the AWV found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow. Otherwise, the initiator may use a quasi-omni pattern. If the responder has strong reciprocity and the initiator has strong or weak reciprocity, the Responder BRP TXSS may be skipped (or, for example, a BRP frame with no TRN field is sent).
  • the TRN field of the transmitted EDMG BRP-TX packets may be transmitted with constant AWV (e.g., which is the best AWV found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow).
  • the BRP TXSS procedure may be modified to allow a responder or both a responder and initiator in an BRP TXSS procedure to perform receive beamforming training using enhanced transmit settings determined in the BRP TXSS procedure.
  • FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless network 100 may include one or more user device(s) 120 and one or more access point(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards, such as the IEEE 802.11ad and/or IEEE 802.11ay specifications.
  • the user device(s) 120 may be referred to as stations (STAs).
  • STAs stations
  • the user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non- stationary and do not have fixed locations.
  • the AP 102 is shown to be communicating on multiple antennas with user devices 120, it should be understood that this is only for illustrative purposes and that any user device 120 may also communicate using multiple antennas with other user devices 120 and/or AP 102.
  • the user device(s) 120 and the AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 9 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 10.
  • One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 110.
  • the user device(s) 120 e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non- mobile, e.g., a static, device.
  • user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may include, a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabook tm computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device,
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
  • Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks.
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs).
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • coaxial cable twisted-pair wire
  • optical fiber a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium
  • microwave terrestrial transceivers microwave terrestrial transceivers
  • radio frequency communication mediums white space communication mediums
  • ultra-high frequency communication mediums satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may include one or more communications antennas.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP 102.
  • suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, or the like.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP 102.
  • Any of the user devices 120 may include multiple antennas that may include one or more directional antennas.
  • the one or more directional antennas may be steered to a plurality of beam directions.
  • at least one antenna of a user device 120 may be steered to a plurality of beam directions.
  • a user device 120 may transmit a directional transmission to another user device 120 (or another AP 102).
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.
  • MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming.
  • user devices 120 and/or AP 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.
  • Any of the user devices 120 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP 102 to communicate with each other.
  • the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
  • the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.
  • the radio component in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11b, 802. llg, 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lax), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11 ⁇ , 802.11ac, 802.11ax), or 60 GHZ channels (e.g. 802.11ad, 802.11ay).
  • non- Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications.
  • the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
  • the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to- digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • A/D analog-
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60 GHz.
  • other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an extremely high frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20 GHz and 300 GHz, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • mmWave millimeter wave
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • DBand directional band
  • DMG communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 gigabit per second, 7 gigabits per second, or any other rate.
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more specifications, including one or more IEEE 802.11 specifications, (e.g., an IEEE 802.1 lad specification, an IEEE 802.1 lay specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol).
  • IEEE 802.11 specifications e.g., an IEEE 802.1 lad specification, an IEEE 802.1 lay specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • an amendment to a DMG operation in the 60 GHz band, according to an IEEE 802.1 lad standard may be defined, for example, by an IEEE 802.1 lay project.
  • a basic service set provides the basic building block of an 802.11 wireless LAN.
  • BSS basic service set
  • AP access point
  • STAs stations
  • AP 102 and/or user devices 120 may send one or more BRP frames (e.g., BRP frame 140) and/or EDMG BRP packets (e.g., EDMG BRP packet 142) to one another.
  • the frames may be sent as part of enhanced beamforming.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative portion 200 of an EDMG BRP Request element format of a BRP frame, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the portion 200 may include one or more fields, such as Element ID 202, Length 204, Element ID Extension 206, receive training length (e.g., L-RX field 208), transmit-receive training length (e.g., L-TX-RX field 210), transmit sector ID (e.g., TX Sector ID field 212), EDMG TRN-Unit P field 214, EDMG TRN-UNIT M field 216, EDMG TRN-UNIT N field 218, BRP TXSS field 220, TXSS-Initiator field 222, TXSS-Packets field 224, TXSS-Repeat field 226, TXSS MIMO field 228, BRP countdown (e.g., BRP CDOWN field 230), transmit antenna mask field 232, comeback delay field 234, first path training field 236, digital beamforming (BF) request field 238, feedback type field 240, channel number (Nc) index field 242, and a reserved
  • receive training length e.g
  • the fields TXSS-Packets field 224 and TXSS-Repeat field 226 may allow the initiator and responder to indicate values for enhanced beamforming (e.g., BRP TXSS).
  • the value indicated by the TXSS-Packets field 224 plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the transmitter to perform transmit training in a BRP TXSS.
  • the value indicated by the TXSS-Repeat field 226 plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets may be repeated (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent) in a BRP TXSS.
  • N init may be a value of the TXSS-Packets field 224 within an EDMG BRP request element in a BRP frame sent by an initiator to commence a BRP TXSS.
  • R re sp may be a value of the TXSS-Repeat field 226 within an EDMG BRP request element in a BRP frame sent by a responder to confirm a BRP TXSS procedure.
  • Nresp may be a value of the TXSS-Packets field 224 within an EDMG BRP request element in a BRP frame sent by a responder to confirm a BRP TXSS procedure.
  • Rmit may be a value of the TXSS-Repeat field 226 within an EDMG BRP request element in a BRP frame sent by an initiator to commence a BRP TXSS.
  • the Initiator BRP TXSS may include the transmission of N init EDMG BRP-TX packets consecutively repeated R re s P times (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent).
  • the EDMG-Header-A of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the R resp repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N init may have the same value for the fields EDMG TRN Length, EDMG TRN-Unit P field 214, EDMG TRN-Unit M field 216, and EDMG TRN-Unit N field 218; and the TRN subfields of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the R resp repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N init , may be transmitted using the same AWVs.
  • the Responder BRP TXSS may include the transmission of Nresp EDMG BRP-TX packets consecutively repeated Rmit times (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent).
  • the EDMG-Header-A of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the Rmit repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N resp may have the same value for the fields EDMG TRN Length, EDMG TRN-Unit P field 214, EDMG TRN-Unit M field 216, and EDMG TRN-Unit N field 218; and the TRN subfields of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the Rmit repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N resp , may be transmitted using the same AWVs.
  • the Initiator BRP TXSS may consist of the transmission of N init EDMG BRP-TX packets consecutively repeated Rresp times. That is, the EDMG-Header-A of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the R re s P repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N init , may have the same value for the fields EDMG TRN Length, EDMG TRN-Unit P field 214, EDMG TRN-Unit M field 216, and EDMG TRN-Unit N field 218; and the TRN subfields of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the R re s P repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N init , shall be transmitted using the same AWVs.
  • the Responder BRP TXSS may consist of the transmission of Nresp EDMG BRP-TX packets consecutively repeated Rmit times. That is, the EDMG-Header- A of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the Rmit repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N resp , may have the same value for the fields EDMG TRN Length, EDMG TRN-Unit P 214 field, EDMG TRN-Unit M 216 field, and EDMG TRN-Unit N 218 field; and the TRN subfields of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the Rmit repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N resp , may be transmitted using the same AWVs.
  • the BRP-TXSS field may be set to one to indicate either a request to perform BRP TXSS or to acknowledge a request to perform BRP TXSS. Otherwise, this field may be set to zero.
  • the TXSS -INITIATOR field 222 set to one may indicate that the transmitter of the BRP frame is the initiator of the BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field 220 is equal to one, the TXSS-Initiator field 222 set to zero may indicate that the transmitter of the BRP frame is the responder of the BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field 220 is equal to zero, the TXSS-Initiator field 222 may be reserved.
  • the value in the TXSS-Packets field 224 plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the initiator to perform transmit training. If the BRP-TXSS field 220 is equal to one and the TXSS-Initiator field 222 is equal to zero, the value in the TXSS-Packets field 224 plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the responder to perform transmit training if the procedure includes a Responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field 220 is equal to zero, the TXSS-Packets field 224 may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-RESP-TRN field set to one may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS includes a Responder BRP TXSS. Otherwise, the TXSS-RESP-TRN field set to zero may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS does not include a Responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field 220 and the TXSS-Initiator field 222 are not both equal to one, the TXSS-RESP-TRN field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-Repeat field 226 plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets transmitted in the Responder BRP TXSS may be repeated (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent).
  • the TXSS- Repeat field 226 plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets transmitted in the Initiator BRP TXSS may be repeated. Otherwise, the TXSS- Repeat field 226 may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-RECIPROCAL field set to one may indicate the request for reciprocal BRP TXSS training, otherwise it may be set to zero. If the BRP- TXSS field 220 and the TXSS-Initiator field 222 are not both equal to one, the TXSS- RECIPROCAL field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-MIMO field 228 set to one may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS is a MIMO BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field 220 is equal to one, the TXSS-MIMO field 228 set to zero may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS is a SISO BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field 220 and the TXSS-Initiator field 222 are not both equal to one, the TXSS-MIMO field 228 may be reserved.
  • FIG. 3A depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 300.
  • an initiator 302 may perform the BRP TXSS process 300 with a responder 304.
  • the initiator 302 may send a BRP frame with a setup 306 to the responder 304 to request a BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 304 may send a BRP frame with a setup 308 to confirm the request for the BRP TXSS.
  • the initiator 302 may send one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 310A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 310B,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 310N) a number of times in a sector sweep to the responder 304.
  • EDMG BRP-TX packets e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 310A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 310B,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 310N
  • the responder 304 may send a BRP frame with feedback 316, which may indicate the best transmit antenna that the initiator 302 used to send the EDMG BRP-TX packets. This way, for example, the initiator 302 may send subsequent packets to the responder 304 using the best transmit antenna configuration established with the responder 304 in the BRP TXSS process.
  • the transmissions may be spaced in time.
  • an MBIFS 318 may be an interval used in between sending the BRP frame with setup 306 and the BRP frame with setup 308.
  • An MBIFS 320 may be an interval used in between sending BRP frame with setup 308 and EDMG BRP-TX packet 31 OA.
  • a short interframe space (SIFS) 322 may be used as an interval between transmissions to a receive antenna of the responder 304, and an SIFS 324 may be used in between sweeps sent to one receive antenna of the responder 304 to another.
  • SIFS short interframe space
  • a BRP interframe space (BRPIFS) 326 may serve as an interval before the responder 304 sends the BRP frame with feedback 316.
  • the initiator 302 may have N antennas, or may train a subset of N antennas, so the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets may be from 310A-310N.
  • the responder 304 may have M receive antennas (e.g., antenna 328A, antenna 328B,...,antenna 328M), or may train a subset of M antennas, so the initiator 302 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet M times, once for each of the M receive antennas at the responder 304.
  • a set of transmit AWVs (e.g., associated with the N transmit antennas of the initiator 302) may be tested against a quasi-omni receive pattern for all possible combinations of N transmit DMG antennas at the initiator 302 and the M receive DMG antennas at the responder 304.
  • the initiator 302 may transmit EDMG BRP-TX packets to perform transmit sector sweep using each of the N transmit DMG antennas, and the process may be repeated for each DMG antenna of the responder 304 (e.g., antenna 328A, antenna 328B,..., antenna 328M). This process is referred to as Initiator BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 304 may transmit the BRP frame with feedback 316 of the corresponding procedure based on measurements performed during the reception of EDMG BRP-TX packets.
  • the BRP TXSS procedure has been modified to include an optional phase referred to as Responder BRP TXSS, in which the responder also may perform a sector sweep. This phase is shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the initiator 302 may determine that the initiator's current transmit antenna configuration (e.g., DMG antenna and/or AWV) is or is not the best antenna configuration. If the antenna configuration is not the best configuration, then the best transmit antenna configuration found with BRP TXSS may correspond to the same DMG antenna currently used, but with a different AWV, or a different DMG antenna and AWV than the one currently used.
  • the initiator's current transmit antenna configuration e.g., DMG antenna and/or AWV
  • the initiator 302 If the initiator 302 has determined that, based on the results of a transmit sector sweep procedure, the initiator 302 would like to use a different DMG antenna and/or AWV from the one currently being used (e.g., used during the setup phase of a BRP TXSS), the initiator 302 must allow the responder 304 to train the responder' s receive antenna configuration before changing the initiator's transmit antenna configuration. That is because the responder 304 made measurements during the BRP TXSS using a quasi-omni antenna pattern, and because there is no guarantee that the communication link between the initiator 302 and the responder 304 will still close (that is, communication is still possible) if the receive antenna setting the responder 304 currently uses is used with a different transmit antenna configuration. However, as seen in FIG. 3A, the BRP TXSS may not include receive beamforming training for the responder 304.
  • FIG. 3B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 350 with a responder BRP TXSS.
  • an initiator 352 may perform the BRP TXSS process 350 with a responder 354.
  • the initiator 352 may send a BRP frame with a setup 356 to the responder 354 to request a BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 354 may send a BRP frame with a setup 358 to confirm the request for the BRP TXSS.
  • the initiator 352 may send one or more initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 360A,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 360N) a number of times in a sector sweep to the responder 354.
  • EDMG BRP-TX packets e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 360A,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 360N
  • the responder 354 may send one or more responder EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 364A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 364B,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 364M) as part of the responder BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 354 may send an EDMG BRP TX packet using each transmit antenna the responder 354 wants to train, and for each receive antenna the initiator 352 wants to train (e.g., antenna 390A, antenna 390B,..., antenna 390N). Therefore, each EDMG BRP-TX packet sent using a transmit antenna of the responder 354 may be sent a number of times corresponding to the number of N antennas to train at the initiator 352.
  • the initiator 352 may send a BRP frame with feedback 370
  • the responder 354 may send a BRP frame with feedback 372.
  • the BRP frame with feedback 370 may indicate the best antenna for the responder 354 to use when transmitting to the initiator 352
  • the BRP frame with feedback 372 may indicate the best antenna for the initiator 352 to use when transmitting to the responder 354.
  • an MBIFS 374 may be an interval used in between sending the BRP frame with setup 356 and the BRP frame with setup 358.
  • An MBIFS 376 may be an interval used in between sending BRP frame with setup 358 and EDMG BRP-TX packet 360A.
  • an MBIFS 378 may serve as an interval before the responder 354 transmits an EDMG BRP-TX packet for the responder BRP TXSS.
  • an SIFS 380 may be used as an interval between transmissions, and an SIFS 382 may be used in between sets of EDMG BRP-TX packet transmissions for respective antennas of the initiator 352.
  • a BRPIFS 384 may serve as an interval before the initiator 352 sends the BRP frame with feedback 370, and an SIFS 386 may serve as an interval before the responder 354 sends the BRP frame with feedback 372.
  • the initiator 352 may have N transmit antennas, or may train a subset of N transmit antennas, so the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets may be from 360A-360N.
  • the responder 354 may have M receive antennas (e.g., antenna 388A,...,antenna 388M), or may train a subset of M receive antennas, so the initiator 352 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet M times - and once for each of the M receive antennas at the responder 354.
  • the initiator 352 may have N receive antennas (e.g., antenna 390A, antenna 390B,...,antenna 390N), or may train a subset of N receive antennas, so the responder 354 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet N times - once for each of the N receive antennas of the initiator 352.
  • N receive antennas e.g., antenna 390A, antenna 390B,...,antenna 390N
  • the responder 354 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet N times - once for each of the N receive antennas of the initiator 352.
  • the initiator may send a total of N init TX x N resp RX (e.g., N x M) EDMG BRP-TX packets.
  • N init TX a total of N init TX x N resp RX
  • all possible combinations of TX DMG antennas of the initiator (total of N init TX ) and RX DMG antennas of the responder (total of N resp RX ) may be used.
  • the number of RX DMG antennas of the responder, N resp RX is known to the initiator because it is provided in the Number of RX DMG antennas field within a responder' s DMG Capabilities element of a frame sent from the responder to the initiator before the BRP TXSS process.
  • the number of TX DMG antennas of the initiator, N init TX is not known to the responder.
  • a TXSS-SECTORS field may be included in the EDMG BRP Request element present in the BRP frame (e.g., portion 200 as shown in FIG. 2) sent by the initiator to start the BRP TXSS, and may include the number of AWVs trained by the initiator for each DMG antenna of the responder.
  • the responder may know that the third EDMG BRP-TX packet will be the last packet if the responder "trains" two AWVs.
  • the responder may send a total of N resp TX x N init RX (e.g., M x N) EDMG BRP-TX packets. All possible combinations of TX DMG antennas of the responder (total of N resp TX ) and RX DMG antennas of the initiator (total of N init RX ) may be used.
  • enhanced beamforming procedures may allow the responder and initiator to signal a desired number of DMG antennas to be used in the procedure.
  • Enhanced beamforming also may allow the simultaneous use of multiple receive DMG antennas in a BRP TXSS when EDMG BRP-TX packets are transmitted with a single transmit chain.
  • Enhanced beamforming also may simplify the indication of the requested number of antennas to be used, by the transmitter and receiver, in the BRP TXSS.
  • the BRP TXSS process 350 of FIG. 3B may not include receive beamforming training for the initiator 352, but such training may be available in other embodiments. Therefore, the BRP TXSS process 350 of FIG. 3B may not allow an STA to change an antenna setting based on results of a BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the procedure shown in FIG. 3A may be used to determine transmit/receive antenna settings for both the responder and initiator. As shown in FIG. 6A, this can be achieved by performing two back-to-back BRP TXSS procedures with the initiator/responder roles inverted.
  • the initiator may transmit EDMG BRP-TX packets using the DMG antenna corresponding to the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the responder may use a directional antenna pattern when receiving the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator.
  • the AWV used by the responder may be the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • FIG. 4A depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 400, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an initiator 402 may perform the BRP TXSS process 400 with a responder 404.
  • the initiator 402 may send a BRP frame with a setup 406 to the responder 404 to request a BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 404 may send a BRP frame with a setup 408 to confirm the request for the BRP TXSS.
  • the initiator 402 may send one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 410A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 410B,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 410N) a number of times in a sector sweep to the responder 404.
  • EDMG BRP-TX packets e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 410A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 410B,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 410N
  • the responder 404 may send a BRP frame with feedback 416, which may indicate the best transmit antenna that the initiator 402 used to send the EDMG BRP-TX packets. This way, for example, the initiator 402 may send subsequent packets to the responder 404 using the best transmit antenna configuration established with the responder 404 in the BRP TXSS process.
  • the transmissions may be spaced in time.
  • an MBIFS 418 may be an interval used in between sending the BRP frame with setup 406 and the BRP frame with setup 408.
  • An MBIFS 420 may be an interval used in between sending BRP frame with setup 408 and EDMG BRP-TX packet 41 OA.
  • an SIFS 422 may be used as an interval between transmissions to a receive antenna of the responder 404, and an SIFS 424 may serve as an interval between transmissions to one receive antenna of the responder 404 and another.
  • a BRPIFS 426 may serve as an interval before the responder 404 sends the BRP frame with feedback 416.
  • the initiator 402 may have N antennas, or may train a subset of N antennas, so the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets may be from 410A-410N.
  • the responder 404 may have M receive antennas (e.g., antenna 428A, antenna 428B,..., antenna 428M), or may train a subset of M antennas, so the initiator 402 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet M times, once for each of the M receive antennas at the responder 404.
  • a set of transmit AWVs (e.g., associated with the N transmit antennas of the initiator 402) may be tested against a quasi-omni receive pattern for all possible combinations of N transmit DMG antennas at the initiator 402 and the M receive DMG antennas at the responder 404.
  • the initiator 402 may transmit EDMG BRP-TX packets to perform transmit sector sweep using each of the N transmit DMG antennas, and the process may be repeated for each DMG antenna of the responder 404 (e.g., antenna 428A, antenna 428B,..., antenna 428M).
  • This process is referred to as Initiator BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 404 may transmit the BRP frame with feedback 416 of the corresponding procedure based on measurements performed during the reception of EDMG BRP-TX packets.
  • the BRP frame with setup 406 may include multiple values and/or indicators useful to the responder 404, and the BRP frame with setup 408 may include multiple values and/or indicators useful to the initiator 402. Ninit may be included in the BRP frame with setup 406 and may represent or indicate the value of the TXSS-PACKETS subfield (e.g., TXSS-Packets field 224 of FIG. 2) within the EDMG BRP Request element in the BRP frame sent by the initiator 402 to start the BRP TXSS plus one.
  • TXSS-PACKETS subfield e.g., TXSS-Packets field 224 of FIG. 2
  • R re s P may be included in the BRP frame with setup 408 and may represent or indicate the value of the TXSS-REPEAT subfield (e.g., TXSS-Repeat field 226 of FIG. 2) within the EDMG BRP Request element in the BRP frame sent by the responder 404 to confirm the procedure plus one.
  • the TXSS- Packets field may be introduced to an EDMG BRP Request element to support the indications used in enhanced beamforming.
  • an indication or value of a TXSS-Packets subfield (e.g., TXSS-Packets field 224 of FIG. 2) plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP- TX packets for a transmitting device to perform transmit training.
  • An indication or value of a TXSS-Repeat subfield (e.g., TXSS-Repeat field 226 of FIG. 2) plus one may indicate a number of times that EDMG BRP-TX packets may be repeated based on a number of receive antennas may be used by the receiving device. These values may improve the BRP TXSS process of FIG.
  • the initiator 402 and the responder 404 to signal a desired number of DMG antennas to be used in a BRP TXSS procedure, by allowing simultaneous use of multiple receive antennas in a BRP TXSS when EDMG BRP-TX packets are transmitted with a single transmit chain (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5B), and by simplifying the indication of the requested number of antennas to be used, by the transmitter and receiver, in the BRP TXSS.
  • FIG. 4B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 450, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an initiator 452 may perform the BRP TXSS process 450 with a responder 454.
  • the initiator 452 may send a BRP frame with a setup 456 to the responder 454 to request a BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 454 may send a BRP frame with a setup 458 to confirm the request for the BRP TXSS.
  • the initiator 452 may send one or more initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 460A,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 460N) a number of times in a sector sweep to the responder 454.
  • EDMG BRP-TX packets e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 460A,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 460N
  • the responder 454 may send one or more responder EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 462A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 462B,..., EDMG BRP-TX packet 462M) as part of the responder BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 454 may send an EDMG BRP TX packet using each transmit antenna the responder 454 wants to train, and for each receive antenna the initiator 452 wants to train (e.g., antenna 490A, antenna 490B,..., antenna 490N). Therefore, each EDMG BRP-TX packet sent using a transmit antenna of the responder 454 may be sent a number of times corresponding to the number of N antennas to train at the initiator 452.
  • the initiator 452 may send a BRP frame with feedback 470
  • the responder 454 may send a BRP frame with feedback 472.
  • the BRP frame with feedback 470 may indicate the best antenna for the responder 454 to use when transmitting to the initiator 452
  • the BRP frame with feedback 472 may indicate the best antenna for the initiator 452 to use when transmitting to the responder 454.
  • an MBIFS 474 may be an interval used in between sending the BRP frame with setup 456 and the BRP frame with setup 458.
  • An MBIFS 476 may be an interval used in between sending BRP frame with setup 458 and EDMG BRP-TX packet 460A.
  • an MBIFS 478 may serve as an interval before the responder 454 transmits an EDMG BRP-TX packet for the responder BRP TXSS.
  • an SIFS 480 may be used as an interval between transmissions
  • an SIFS 482 may be used in between sets of EDMG BRP-TX packet transmissions for respective antennas of the initiator 452.
  • a BRPIFS 484 may serve as an interval before the initiator 452 sends the BRP frame with feedback 470
  • an SIFS 486 may serve as an interval before the responder 454 sends the BRP frame with feedback 472.
  • the initiator 452 may have N transmit antennas, or may train a subset of N transmit antennas, so the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets may be from 460A-460N.
  • the responder 454 may have M receive antennas (e.g., antenna 488A,...,antenna 488M), or may train a subset of M receive antennas, so the initiator 452 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet M times, and once for each of the M receive antennas at the responder 454.
  • the initiator 452 may have N receive antennas (e.g., antenna 490A, antenna 490B,..., antenna 490N), or may train a subset of N receive antennas, so the responder 454 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet N times, once for each of the N receive antennas of the initiator 452.
  • N receive antennas e.g., antenna 490A, antenna 490B,..., antenna 490N
  • the responder 454 may send each EDMG BRP-TX packet N times, once for each of the N receive antennas of the initiator 452.
  • N re s P may be included in the BRP frame with setup 458 and may represent or indicate the value of the TXSS-PACKETS subfield (e.g., TXSS- Packets field 224 of FIG. 2) within the EDMG BRP Request element in the BRP frame sent by the responder 454 to confirm the procedure plus one.
  • Rmit may be included in the BRP frame with setup 456 and may represent or indicate the value of the TXSS-REPEAT subfield (e.g., TXSS-Repeat field 226 of FIG. 2) within the EDMG BRP Request element in the BRP frame sent by the initiator 452 to start the BRP TXSS plus one.
  • These values may improve the BRP TXSS process of FIG. 3B, for example, by allowing the initiator 452 and the responder 454 to signal a desired number of DMG antennas to be used in a BRP TXSS procedure, by allowing simultaneous use of multiple receive antennas in a BRP TXSS when EDMG BRP-TX packets are transmitted with a single transmit chain (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5B), and by simplifying the indication of the requested number of antennas to be used, by the transmitter and receiver, in the BRP TXSS.
  • FIG. 5A depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 500, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an initiator 502 may perform the BRP TXSS process 500 with a responder 504.
  • the initiator 502 as shown has two transmit antennas, and the responder 504 as shown has three antennas. While other combinations of DMG antennas may be used, the example shown in FIG. 5A is based on this number of transmit and receive antennas.
  • the initiator 502 may send a BRP frame with a setup 506 to the responder 504 to request a BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 504 may send a BRP frame with a setup 508 to confirm the request for the BRP TXSS.
  • the initiator 502 may send one or more initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 510A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 510B) a number of times in a sector sweep to the responder 504. Therefore, each EDMG BRP-TX packet may be sent three times by the initiator 502, once for each of the three receive antennas of the responder 504 (e.g., antenna 526, antenna 528, antenna 530).
  • EDMG BRP-TX packets e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 510A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 510B
  • each EDMG BRP-TX packet may be sent three times by the initiator 502, once for each of the three receive antennas of the responder 504 (e.g., antenna 526, antenna 528, antenna 530).
  • the initiator 502 sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 510A using a first transmit antenna to antenna 526 of the responder 504, and sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 510B using a second transmit antenna to antenna 528 of the responder 504.
  • the transmissions of EDMG BRP-TX packet 510A and EDMG BRP-TX packet 510B may be repeated for antenna 528 and antenna 530 of the responder 504.
  • the responder 504 may send one or more responder EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 516A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 516B, EDMG BRP-TX packet 516C) as part of the responder BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 504 may send an EDMG BRP TX packet using each transmit antenna the responder 504 wants to train, and for each receive antenna the initiator 502 wants to train.
  • the responder 504 sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 516A with a first transmit antenna, sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 516B with a second transmit antenna, and sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 516C with a third transmit antenna to antenna 532 of the initiator. Because the initiator 502 may also train antenna 534, the responder 504 sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 516A with a first transmit antenna, sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 516B with a second transmit antenna, and sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 516C with a third transmit antenna to antenna 534.
  • the initiator 502 may send a BRP frame with feedback 522
  • the responder 504 may send a BRP frame with feedback 524.
  • the BRP frame with feedback 522 may indicate the best antenna for the responder 504 to use when transmitting to the initiator 502
  • the BRP frame with feedback 524 may indicate the best antenna for the initiator 502 to use when transmitting to the responder 504.
  • the initiator 502 of the BRP TXSS sends a BRP frame (e.g., BRP frame with setup 506) including a BRP-TXSS field (e.g., BRP-TXSS field 220 of FIG. 2) and a TXSS-INITIATOR field (e.g., TXSS-Initiator field 222 of FIG. 2) within the EDMG BRP Request element both set to one, and a TXSS-PACKETS field (e.g., TXSS- Packets field 224 of FIG. 2) set to indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the initiator 502 to perform transmit training.
  • a BRP frame e.g., BRP frame with setup 506
  • BRP-TXSS field e.g., BRP-TXSS field 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 2
  • TXSS-INITIATOR field e.g., TXSS-Init
  • the responder 504 may respond with a BRP frame (e.g., BRP frame with setup 506) one MBIFS interval after the reception of the BRP frame sent by the initiator 502, including a BRP-TXSS field within the EDMG BRP Request element set to one, a TXSS-INITIATOR field set to zero, and a TXSS-REPEAT field set to indicate the number of requested repetitions of the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator 502.
  • a BRP frame e.g., BRP frame with setup 506
  • a BRP-TXSS field within the EDMG BRP Request element set to one
  • TXSS-INITIATOR field set to zero
  • TXSS-REPEAT field set to indicate the number of requested repetitions of the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator 502.
  • both the initiator 502 and responder 504 may use one DMG antenna when performing measurements. If the responder 504 in this example were capable of processing all of its antennas simultaneously, the duration of the BRP TXSS could be shortened as discuss below with regard to FIG. 5B.
  • FIG. 5B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 550, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an initiator 552 may perform the BRP TXSS process 550 with a responder 554.
  • the initiator 552 as shown has two transmit antennas and two receive antennas (e.g., antenna 580, antenna 582), and the responder 554 as shown has multiple receive antennas (e.g., antenna(s) 578) which may process received signals simultaneously, and has three transmit antennas. While other combinations of DMG antennas may be used, the example shown in FIG. 5B is based on this number of transmit and receive antennas.
  • the initiator 552 may send a BRP frame with a setup 556 to the responder 554 to request a BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 554 may send a BRP frame with a setup 558 to confirm the request for the BRP TXSS.
  • the initiator 552 may send one or more initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 560A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 560B) a number of times in a sector sweep to the responder 554. Because the responder 554 has multiple receive antennas capable of processing received signals simultaneously, each EDMG BRP-TX packet may only need to be sent once by the initiator 552.
  • the initiator 552 Because the initiator 552 has two transmit antennas in the example shown, the initiator 552 sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 560A using a first transmit antenna to antenna(s) 578 of the responder 554, and sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 560B using a second transmit antenna to antenna 578 of the responder 554.
  • the responder 554 may send responder EDMG BRP-TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 564A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 564B, EDMG BRP-TX packet 564C) as part of the responder BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 554 may send an EDMG BRP TX packet using each transmit antenna the responder 554 wants to train, and for each receive antenna the initiator 552 wants to train.
  • the responder 554 sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 564A with a first transmit antenna, sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 564B with a second transmit antenna, and sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 564C with a third transmit antenna to antenna 580 of the initiator. Because the initiator 552 may also train antenna 582, the responder 554 sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 564A with a first transmit antenna, sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 564B with a second transmit antenna, and sends EDMG BRP-TX packet 564C with a third transmit antenna to antenna 582.
  • the initiator 552 may send a BRP frame with feedback 576
  • the responder 554 may send a BRP frame with feedback 584.
  • the BRP frame with feedback 576 may indicate the best antenna for the responder 554 to use when transmitting to the initiator 552
  • the BRP frame with feedback 578 may indicate the best antenna for the initiator 552 to use when transmitting to the responder 554.
  • the initiator 552 of the BRP TXSS sends a BRP frame (e.g., BRP frame with setup 556) including a BRP-TXSS field (e.g., BRP-TXSS field 220 of FIG. 2) and a TXSS-INITIATOR field (e.g., TXSS-Initiator field 222 of FIG. 2) within the EDMG BRP Request element both set to one, and a TXSS-PACKETS field (e.g., TXSS- Packets field 224 of FIG. 2) set to indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the initiator 552 to perform transmit training.
  • a BRP frame e.g., BRP frame with setup 556
  • BRP-TXSS field e.g., BRP-TXSS field 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 220 of FIG. 2
  • TXSS-INITIATOR field e
  • the responder 554 may respond with a BRP frame (e.g., BRP frame with setup 556) one MBIFS interval after the reception of the BRP frame sent by the initiator 552, including a BRP-TXSS field within the EDMG BRP Request element set to one, a TXSS-INITIATOR field set to zero, and a TXSS-REPEAT field set to indicate the number of requested repetitions of the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator 552.
  • a BRP frame e.g., BRP frame with setup 556
  • a BRP-TXSS field within the EDMG BRP Request element set to one
  • TXSS-INITIATOR field set to zero
  • TXSS-REPEAT field set to indicate the number of requested repetitions of the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator 552.
  • a TXSS-RESP-TRN subfield in an EDMG BRP Request element of the BRP frame that initiates the BRP TXSS may be set to one when the procedure includes a Responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP TXSS does not include a Responder BRP TXSS, the TXSS- RESP-TRN subfield may be set to zero.
  • the TXSS-REPEAT field e.g., TXSS-Repeat field 226 of FIG.
  • the TXSS-PACKETS field (e.g., TXSS-Packets field 224 of FIG. 2) in the BRP frame sent by the responder may be set to indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the responder to perform transmit training.
  • the TXSS-REPEAT field in the BRP frame sent by the initiator may be set to zero and the TXSS-PACKETS field in the BRP frame sent by the responder (e.g., BRP frame with setup 508 of FIG. 5 A) shall be set to zero.
  • the Initiator BRP TXSS may include the transmission of N init EDMG BRP-TX packets consecutively repeated R re s P times.
  • an EDMG- Header- A of an i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the R resp repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N init may have the same value for the fields EDMG TRN Length, EDMG TRN-Unit P, EDMG TRN-Unit M and EDMG TRN-Unit N; and the TRN subfields of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the Rresp repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N init , may be transmitted using the same AWVs.
  • the Responder BRP TXSS may include the transmission of N re s P EDMG BRP-TX packets consecutively repeated Rmit times. That is, an EDMG- Header- A of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the Riarea it repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N resp , may have the same value for the fields EDMG TRN Length, EDMG TRN-Unit P, EDMG TRN-Unit M and EDMG TRN-Unit N; and The TRN subfields of the i th EDMG BRP-TX packet within each of the Rmit repetitions, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N resp , may be transmitted using the same AWVs.
  • a receiver may utilize either one DMG antenna or a set of DMG antennas, depending on the receiver's capabilities, when performing measurements. For both cases, in an initiator BRP TXSS, the same DMG antenna or set of DMG antennas may be used by a responder when receiving the TRN field of all Ninit EDMG BRP-TX packets within one of the Rresp repetitions.
  • the same DMG antenna or set of DMG antennas may be used by the initiator when receiving the TRN field of all Nresp EDMG BRP-TX packets within one of the Rmit repetitions.
  • a DMG antenna or set of DMG antennas used when receiving the TRN subfields of EDMG BRP-TX packets of different repetitions may be different.
  • a BRP CDOWN field within the EDMG BRP Request element in each transmitted EDMG BRP-TX packet (e.g., BRP CDOWN field 230 of FIG. 2) may include the total number of transmissions remaining until the end of the initiator BRP TXSS, so the first EDMG BRP-TX packet transmitted in the initiator BRP TXSS has the BRP CDOWN field set to (JV init x R resp ) - 1 and the last packet has the BRP CDOWN field set to zero.
  • the use of BRP CDOWN is illustrated in FIGs. 5A and 5B.
  • a BRP TXSS may include a responder BRP TXSS, the BRP CDOWN field within the EDMG BRP Request element (e.g., BRP CDOWN field 230 of FIG. 2) in each transmitted EDMG BRP-TX packet shall contain the total number of transmissions remaining until the end of the responder BRP TXSS, such that the first EDMG BRP-TX packet transmitted in the responder BRP TXSS has the BRP CDOWN field set to (Nresp x Rinit) ⁇ 1> and the l ast packet has the BRP CDOWN field set to 0.
  • the BRP CDOWN field within the EDMG BRP Request element e.g., BRP CDOWN field 230 of FIG. 2
  • the BRP-TXSS field (e.g., BRP-TXSS field 220 of FIG. 2) may be set to one to indicate either a request to perform BRP TXSS or to acknowledge a request to perform BRP TXSS. Otherwise, this field may be set to zero.
  • the TXSS-INITIATOR field (e.g., TXSS-Initiator field 222 of FIG. 2) set to one may indicate that the transmitter of the BRP frame is the initiator of the BRP TXSS.
  • the TXSS-INITIATOR field set to zero may indicate that the transmitter of the BRP frame is the responder of the BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to zero, the TXSS-INITIATOR field may be reserved.
  • the BRP-TXSS field e.g., BRP-TXSS field 220 of FIG. 2
  • the TXSS-INITIATOR e.g., TXSS-Initiator field 222 of FIG. 2
  • the value in the TXSS-PACKETS fields e.g., TXSS-Packets field 224 of FIG. 2 plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the initiator to perform transmit training.
  • the value in the TXSS-PACKETS fields plus one may indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the responder to perform transmit training if the procedure includes a responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to zero, the TXSS- PACKETS field may be reserved.
  • a TXSS-RESP-TRN field set to one may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS includes a responder BRP TXSS. Otherwise, the TXSS-RESP-TRN field set to zero may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS does not include a responder BRP TXSS. If the BRP- TXSS field and the TXSS-INITIATOR field are not both equal to one, the TXSS-RESP-TRN field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS -REPEAT field plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets transmitted in the responder BRP TXSS shall be repeated.
  • the TXSS-REPEAT field plus one may indicate the number of times that the EDMG BRP-TX packets transmitted in the Initiator BRP TXSS may be repeated. Otherwise, the TXSS-REPEAT field may be reserved.
  • a TXSS -RECIPROCAL field set to one may indicate the request for reciprocal BRP TXSS training, otherwise the TXSS-RECIPROCAL field may be set to zero. If the BRP- TXSS field and the TXSS -INITIATOR field are not both equal to one, the TXSS- RECIPROCAL field may be reserved.
  • the TXSS-MIMO field (e.g., TXSS-MIMO field 228 of FIG. 2) set to one may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS is a MIMO BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field is equal to one, the TXSS-MIMO field set to zero may indicate that the requested BRP TXSS is a SISO BRP TXSS. If the BRP-TXSS field and the TXSS-INITIATOR field are not both equal to one, the TXSS-MIMO field may be reserved.
  • FIG. 6 A depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 600 with receive beamforming training for the case when both stations have strong reciprocity, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an initiator 602 may perform the BRP TXSS process 600 with a responder 604.
  • the initiator 602 may request the BRP TXSS process 600 with a setup frame 606, and the responder 604 may confirm the BRP TXSS process 600 with a setup frame 608.
  • the initiator 602 may send one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets, one for each transmit antenna the initiator 602 may use for the training (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 610A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 610B, EDMG BRP-TX packet 610C).
  • the initiator 602 may repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets for each receive antenna to train at the responder 604, which may have provided an indication of the number of repetitions of EDMG BRP-TX packets to account for the number of receive antennas to train at the responder 604.
  • the initiator 602 may send EDMG BRP-TX packet 61 OA with a first transmit antenna, EDMG BRP-TX packet 610B with a second transmit antenna, and EDMG BRP-TX packet 6 IOC with a third transmit antenna to the receive antenna 632 of the responder 604, and may repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets to the antenna 634 of the responder 604.
  • the responder 604 may send a feedback frame 622 to the initiator 602, and the feedback frame 622 may include an indication of the best transmit antenna for the initiator 602 to use when transmitting to the responder 604.
  • the responder 604 may send a setup frame 624 to the initiator 602 to set up receive beamforming training, and the initiator 602 may confirm the procedure by sending a setup frame 626 to the responder 604.
  • the responder 604 may send an EDMG BRP-TX packet 628 to the initiator 602, and the initiator 602 may send a feedback frame 630 to the responder 604, and the feedback frame 630 may indicate the best antenna settings for the responder 604 to use.
  • the feedback frame 622 may indicate the best antenna configuration for the initiator 602 and for the responder, which may not change antenna settings until after the receive beamforming training is performed.
  • the data field of the EDMG BRP- TX packet 628 may be sent using an antenna configuration of the responder 604, but the TRN of the EDMG BRP-TX packet 628 may be sent using the antenna configuration that the responder 604 determined was the best configuration based on the BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the initiator 602 may receive the EDMG BRP-TX packet 628 with the antenna configuration provided in the feedback frame 622, and the EDMG BRP-TX packet 628 may indicate to the initiator 602 the best antenna configuration of the responder 604. Once the initiator 602 has provided the feedback frame 630, the initiator 602 and the responder 604 may be able to use new antenna settings based on the settings determined to be optimal in the beamforming training.
  • the BRP TXSS procedure shown in FIG. 6A can be used to determine transmit/receive antenna settings for both the responder 604 and the initiator 602. As shown in FIG. 6A, this may be achieved by performing two consecutive BRP TXSS procedures with the initiator/responder roles inverted.
  • the initiator 602 may transmit EDMG BRP- TX packets (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 610A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 610B, EDMG BRP- TX packet 6 IOC) using the DMG antenna corresponding to the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder 604 of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • EDMG BRP- TX packets e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 610A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 610B, EDMG BRP- TX packet 6 IOC
  • the responder 604 may use a directional antenna pattern when receiving the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator 602.
  • the AWV used by the responder 604 may be the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder 604 of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the BRP TXSS process 600 with receive beamforming training may require strong reciprocity between the initiator 602 and the responder 604 because, for example, receive beamforming training may be identical to transmit beamforming training when devices are close enough to one another.
  • the best transmit antenna configuration may be assumed to be the best receive antenna configuration, and vice versa.
  • the responder 604 may determine its best receive antenna configuration from the initiator BRP TXSS, the responder 604 may send the TRN of the EDMG BRP-TX packet 628 using that configuration.
  • the initiator 602 may learn from the feedback frame 622 the initiator's best transmit antenna configuration, the initiator 602 may receive the TRN of the EDMG BRP-TX packet 628 using that configuration.
  • FIG. 6B depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 650 with receive beamforming training, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a new sub-phase of a BRP TXSS may be introduced.
  • an initiator 652 may perform the BRP TXSS process 650 with a responder 654.
  • the initiator 652 may request the BRP TXSS process 650 with a setup frame 656, and the responder 654 may confirm the BRP TXSS process 650 with a setup frame 658.
  • the initiator 652 may send one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets, one for each transmit antenna the initiator 652 may use for the training (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 660A, EDMG BRP-TX packet 660B, EDMG BRP-TX packet 660C).
  • the initiator 652 may repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets for each receive antenna to train at the responder 654, which may have provided an indication of the number of repetitions of EDMG BRP-TX packets to account for the number of receive antennas to train at the responder 654.
  • the initiator 652 may send EDMG BRP-TX packet 660A with a first transmit antenna, EDMG BRP-TX packet 660B with a second transmit antenna, and EDMG BRP-TX packet 660C with a third transmit antenna to the receive antenna 662 of the responder 654, and may repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets to the antenna 664 of the responder 654.
  • the responder 654 may send a feedback frame 666 to the initiator 652, and the feedback frame 666 may include an indication of the best transmit antenna for the initiator 652 to use when transmitting to the responder 654.
  • the initiator 652 may send an EDMG BRP-RX packet 668 to the responder 654, and the responder 654 may respond by sending a BRP frame 670 to the initiator 652.
  • the TRN of the EDMG BRP-RX packet 668 sent as part of a BRP TXSS may be transmitted using the best transmit antenna configuration (e.g., DMG antenna and AWV) according to the feedback frame 666 sent by the responder 654 (e.g., obtained by using EDMG BRP-TX packets).
  • the responder e.g., obtain by using EDMG BRP-TX packets.
  • the responder may perform receive beamforming training and determine receive antenna configuration (DMG antenna and AWV) for the transmit setting determined in the BRP TXSS.
  • the TRN of the EDMG BRP-RX packet 668 sent by the initiator 652 may be received by the responder 654 with the DMG antenna that corresponds to the best measurement in the feedback frame 666 sent to the initiator 652.
  • the TRN length may be determined by the responder 654 during setup (e.g., in the BRP setup frame 658 sent to the initiator 652 with setup information).
  • the BRP TXSS process 650 with receive beamforming training may be performed by using the same procedure used when an STA requests receive beam tracking.
  • an EDMG STA may request a peer EDMG STA (e.g., beam tracking responder) to perform receive beam tracking by setting, in a transmitted packet, the TXVECTOR parameter EDMG_BEAM_TRACKING_REQUEST to Beam Tracking Requested, EDMG_B E AM_TR ACKING_T YPE to Analog Beam Tracking or Baseband Beam Tracking, BEAM_TRACKING_REQUEST to Beam Tracking Not Requested, EDMG_TRN_LEN to the number of requested TRN units, and packet type to TRN- R-PACKET.
  • the TXVECTOR parameter EDMG_BEAM_TRACKING_REQUEST to Beam Tracking Requested
  • EDMG_B E AM_TR ACKING_T YPE to Analog Beam Tracking or Baseband Beam Tracking
  • BEAM_TRACKING_REQUEST to Beam Tracking Not Requested
  • EDMG_TRN_LEN to the number of requested TRN
  • the first TRN-Unit in an EDMG BRP-RX packet may be used for the initiator 652 to switch DMG antennas, and may not be processed by the responder 654.
  • the flows shown in FIGs. 6 A and 6B may achieve the same result while reducing the overhead associated with initiating the second BRP TXSS. If one or both STAs that participate in a BRP TXSS are not reciprocal at the AWV-level, the flow shown in FIG. 6B may not allow the responder to determine its transmit settings (e.g., DMG antenna and/or AWV). To address this scenario, the BRP TXSS may be extended for a case when a Responder BRP TXSS is present in the procedure as explained below with regard to FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an illustrative BRP TXSS process 700 with a responder BRP TXSS, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an initiator 702 may perform the BRP TXSS process 700 with a responder 704.
  • the initiator 702 may request the BRP TXSS process 700 with a setup frame 706, and the responder 704 may confirm the BRP TXSS process 700 with a setup frame 708.
  • the initiator 702 may send one or more initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets, one for each transmit antenna the initiator 702 may use for the training (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 71 OA, EDMG BRP-TX packet 710B, EDMG BRP-TX packet 710C).
  • the initiator 702 may repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets for each receive antenna to train at the responder 704, which may have provided an indication of the number of repetitions of EDMG BRP-TX packets to account for the number of receive antennas to train at the responder 704.
  • the initiator 702 may send EDMG BRP-TX packet 71 OA with a first transmit antenna, EDMG BRP-TX packet 710B with a second transmit antenna, and EDMG BRP-TX packet 7 IOC with a third transmit antenna to the receive antenna 712 of the responder 704, and may repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets to the antenna 714 of the responder 704.
  • the responder 704 may send a feedback frame 722 to the initiator 702, and the feedback frame 722 may include an indication of the best transmit antenna for the initiator 702 to use when transmitting to the responder 704.
  • the initiator 702 may send an EDMG BRP-RX packet 724 to antenna 725 of the responder 704 (which may be indicated in the feedback frame 722), which may then perform a responder BRP TXSS.
  • the responder 704 may send EDMG BRP-TX packets for each transmit antenna the responder 704 intends to train. If the responder intends to train two transmit antennas, for example, the responder may send EDMG BRP-TX packet 726A with a first antenna, and may send responder EDMG BRP-TX packet 726B with a second antenna.
  • the responder 704 may repeat the sweep of EDMG BRP-TX packet 726A and EDMG BRP-TX packet 726B by sending each EDMG BRP-TX packet three times, once to antenna 728 of the initiator 702, once to antenna 730 of the initiator, and once to antenna 732 of the initiator.
  • the initiator 702 may send a feedback frame 734 indicating to the responder 704 the responder' s best transmit antenna configuration.
  • the responder 704 may send an EDMG BRP-RX packet 736 using the best transmit antenna configuration to antenna 738 of the initiator 702 (e.g., antenna 738 may be indicated in the feedback frame 734), and the initiator 702 may send a BRP frame 742 to the responder 704.
  • the number of packets and the antenna configuration used in the Responder BRP TXSS depends in part on the following factors. If the initiator 702 has strong or weak reciprocity, it is not necessary for the responder 704 to repeat the transmission of EDMG BRP-TX packets. All packets may be received by the initiator 702 with the same antenna (e.g., which is the best one found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow). If the responder 704 has strong or weak reciprocity, only one EDMG BRP-TX packet may be sent per repetition (e.g., EDMG BRP-TX packet 726A).
  • all EDMG BRP- TX packets may be transmitted by the responder 704 with the same antenna (e.g., which is the best one found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow).
  • the initiator 702 has strong reciprocity, the initiator 702 uses directional reception when receiving the TRN of the EDMG BRP-TX packet (e.g., the initiator 702 uses the AWV found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow). Otherwise, the initiator 702 uses a quasi-omni antenna pattern.
  • the Responder BRP TXSS may be skipped, or, for example, a BRP frame with no TRN field may be sent. If the responder 704 has strong reciprocity and the initiator 702 has no reciprocity, the TRN of the transmitted EDMG BRP-TX packets may be transmitted with a constant AWV (e.g., the best one found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow). If the initiator 702 has strong reciprocity, the transmission of an EDMG BRP-RX packet by the responder 704 may be skipped, or, for example, a BRP frame with no TRN field may be sent.
  • AWV e.g., the best one found in the Initiator BRP TXSS of the same flow
  • both STAs that participate in a BRP TXSS may determine both transmit and receive antenna configurations in all cases (e.g., strong reciprocity, weak reciprocity, and no reciprocity). As a result, both STAs may start using the determined antenna configurations after the transmission/reception of an EDMG BRP-RX packet by the initiator 702, or, if included in the procedure, a BRP frame with acknowledgement by the responder 704 if both STAs have strong reciprocity, or after the transmission/reception of an EDMG BRP-RX packet by the responder 704, or, if included in the procedure, a BRP frame with acknowledgement by the initiator 702.
  • both STAs may start using the determined antenna configurations after the transmission/reception of an EDMG BRP-RX packet by the initiator 702, or, if included in the procedure, a BRP frame with acknowledgement by the responder 704 if both STAs have strong reciprocity, or after the transmission/reception of an EDMG BRP-RX
  • FIG. 8 A illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 800 for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more processors of a device may identify a first BRP frame received from an initiator device (e.g., initiator 302 of FIG. 3A), the first BRP frame including an indication of a request to perform a BRP TXSS process and an indication of a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process.
  • an initiator device e.g., initiator 302 of FIG. 3A
  • the first BRP frame including an indication of a request to perform a BRP TXSS process and an indication of a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process.
  • one or more processors of the device may cause the device to send a second BRP frame to the initiator device, the second BRP frame comprising an indication of a number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process, wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the responder device.
  • one or more processors of the device may identify the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets received from the initiator device using a first receive antenna.
  • one or more processors of the device may cause the device to send a third BRP frame comprising an indication of an optimal transmit antenna of the initiator device.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 830 for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more processors of a device may cause the device to send a first BRP frame including an indication of a request to perform a BRP TXSS and an indication of a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent by the device during the BRP TXSS.
  • one or more processors of the device may identify a second BRP frame received from a responder device, the second BRP frame including an indication of a number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process, wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the responder device.
  • one or more processors of the device may cause the device to send the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets according to the number of repetitions needed to train the number of receive antennas of the responder device.
  • one or more processors of the device may identify a third BRP frame received from the responder device, the third BRP frame comprising an indication of an optimal transmit antenna of the initiator device.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 850 for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more processors of a device e.g., the responder 604 of FIG.
  • the device may cause the device to send a feedback frame to an initiator device (e.g., the initiator 602 of FIG. 6A), the feedback frame including an indication of a best antenna used by the initiator device to transmit one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets during a BRP TXSS.
  • an initiator device e.g., the initiator 602 of FIG. 6A
  • the feedback frame including an indication of a best antenna used by the initiator device to transmit one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets during a BRP TXSS.
  • one or more processors of the device may identify a training field of an EDMG BRP-RX packet, wherein the training field is received from the initiator device using an antenna of the responder device associated with the best antenna used by the initiator device.
  • one or more processors of the device may determine, based at least in part on the training field, a best receive antenna configuration associated with the antenna of the responder device.
  • FIG. 8D illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 870 for enhanced beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more processors of a device may identify a feedback frame received from a responder device (e.g., the responder 604 of FIG. 6A), the feedback frame comprising an indication of a best antenna used by the initiator device to transmit one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets during a BRP TXSS.
  • a responder device e.g., the responder 604 of FIG. 6A
  • one or more processors of the device may cause the device to send a training field of an EDMG BRP-RX packet, wherein the training field is received from the initiator device using an antenna of the responder device associated with the best antenna used by the initiator device.
  • one or more processors of the device may identify one or more additional BRP frames from the responder.
  • the BRP frames may include another setup frame to initiate a responder BRP TXSS, an EDMG BRP-TX packet as part of a responder BRP TXSS, or an EDMG BRP-TX packet as part of receive beamforming training.
  • FIG. 9 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 900 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or a user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication station 900 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • HDR high data rate
  • the communication station 900 may include communications circuitry 902 and a transceiver 910 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 901.
  • the communications circuitry 902 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer (PHY) communications and/or medium access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals.
  • the communication station 900 may also include processing circuitry 906 and memory 908 arranged to perform the operations described herein.
  • the communications circuitry 902 and the processing circuitry 906 may be configured to perform operations detailed in FIGs. 3 A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5 A, 5B, 6A, 6B, FIG. 7, FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, FIG. 8C, and FIG. 8D.
  • the communications circuitry 902 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium.
  • the communications circuitry 902 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals.
  • the communications circuitry 902 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 906 of the communication station 900 may include one or more processors.
  • two or more antennas 901 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 902 arranged for sending and receiving signals.
  • the memory 908 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 906 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein.
  • the memory 908 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • the memory 908 may include a computer-readable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 900 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • the communication station 900 may include one or more antennas 901.
  • the antennas 901 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
  • each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
  • the communication station 900 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements.
  • the display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
  • the communication station 900 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio- frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements of the communication station 900 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software.
  • a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 900 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 1000 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed.
  • the machine 1000 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 1000 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 1000 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 1000 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • STB set-top box
  • mobile telephone a wearable computer device
  • web appliance e.g., a web appliance
  • network router e.g., a router, or bridge
  • switch or bridge any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer
  • Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
  • a module includes hardware.
  • the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
  • the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operating.
  • the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
  • the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.
  • the machine 1000 may include a hardware processor 1002 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 1004 and a static memory 1006, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 1008.
  • the machine 1000 may further include a power management device 1032, a graphics display device 1010, an alphanumeric input device 1012 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1014 (e.g., a mouse).
  • a hardware processor 1002 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
  • main memory 1004 e.g., main memory
  • static memory 1006 e.g., static memory
  • the machine 1000 may further include a power management device 1032, a graphics display device 1010, an alphanumeric input device 1012 (e.
  • the graphics display device 1010, alphanumeric input device 1012, and UI navigation device 1014 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 1000 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 1016, a signal generation device 1018 (e.g., a speaker), an enhanced beamforming device 1019, a network interface device/transceiver 1020 coupled to antenna(s) 1030, and one or more sensors 1028, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 1000 may include an output controller 1034, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • IR infrared
  • NFC near field communication
  • the storage device 1016 may include a machine readable medium 1022 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 1024 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 1024 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1004, within the static memory 1006, or within the hardware processor 1002 during execution thereof by the machine 1000.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 1002, the main memory 1004, the static memory 1006, or the storage device 1016 may constitute machine -readable media.
  • the enhanced beamforming device 1019 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., process 800 of FIG. 8A, process 830 of FIG. 8B, process 850 of FIG. 8C, and process 870 of FIG. 8D) described and shown above.
  • the enhanced beamforming device 1019 may allow a responder and initiator to request a desired number of DMG antennas to be used in the procedure, to allow the simultaneous use of multiple receive DMG antennas in a BRP TXSS when EDMG BRP-TX packets are transmitted with a single transmit chain (e.g., radio or antenna), and to simplify an indication of the requested number of antennas to be used by the transmitter and receiver in a beamforming procedure.
  • the enhanced beamforming procedure may apply to millimeter wave devices.
  • the enhanced beamforming device 1019 may send a BRP frame with the BRP-TXSS field and the TXSS-INITIATOR field included in an EDMG BRP Request element both set to 1 and the TXSS-PACKETS field set to indicate the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets necessary for the initiator to perform transmit training.
  • the responder may respond with a BRP frame medium beamforming interframe space (MBIFS) interval after the reception of the BRP frame sent by the initiator with the BRP-TXSS field within the EDMG BRP Request element set to one, the TXSS- INITIATOR field set to zero, and the TXSS -REPEAT field set to indicate the number of requested repetitions of the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator (e.g., a number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent).
  • MIFS BRP frame medium beamforming interframe space
  • the enhanced beamforming device 1019 may transmit EDMG BRP-TX packets using the DMG antenna corresponding to the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the responder may use a directional antenna pattern when receiving the EDMG BRP-TX packets sent by the initiator.
  • the AWV used by the responder may be the best sector identified in the last BRP TXSS procedure between the two STAs and that was initiated by the responder of the current BRP TXSS procedure.
  • the enhanced beamforming device 1019 may perform receive beamforming training using enhanced transmit settings determined in the BRP TXSS procedure.
  • machine-readable medium 1022 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1024.
  • machine-readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1024.
  • Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.
  • machine-readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1000 and that cause the machine 1000 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non-limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media.
  • a massed machine -readable medium includes a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass.
  • massed machine -readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.
  • semiconductor memory devices e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
  • EPROM electrically programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the instructions 1024 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 1026 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 1020 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 1120 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 1026.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 1020 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single- input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1000 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
  • the operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.
  • the word "exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
  • the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • the device may be either mobile or stationary.
  • the term "communicate” is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
  • the term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • the term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station.
  • An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non- mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio- video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (W
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a single input single output (SISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDM A), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi- tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra- wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3 GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced
  • Example 1 may include a responder device, the responder device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to: identify a first beam refinement protocol (BRP) frame received from an initiator device, the first BRP frame comprising an indication of a request to perform a BRP transmit sector sweep (TXSS) process and an indication of a number of enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) BRP transmission (BRP-TX) packets to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process; cause to send a second BRP frame to the initiator device, the second BRP frame comprising an indication of a number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process, wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the responder device; identify the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets received from the initiator device using
  • Example 2 may include the responder device of example 1, and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to identify the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets received from the initiator device using a second receive antenna configuration, wherein the indication of the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device comprises an indication of at least two times.
  • Example 3 may include the responder device of example 1, and/or some other example herein, wherein the responder device further comprises two or more antennas, and wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is less than a number of the two or more antennas.
  • Example 4 may include the responder device of example 1, and/or some other example herein, wherein the indication of the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets comprises an indication of two or more EDMG BRP-TX packets, and wherein to identify the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets received from the initiator device using the first receive antenna comprises the memory and processing circuitry being further configured to: identify a first EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the initiator device using the first receive antenna, wherein the first EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises an indication of a first transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the first EDMG BRP-TX packet; and identify a second EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the initiator device using the first receive antenna, wherein the second EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises an indication of a second transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the second EDMG BRP-TX packet, and wherein the indication of the optimal transmit antenna of the initiator device comprises an indication of
  • Example 5 may include the responder device of example 1, and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP-TX packets are initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets, wherein the second BRP frame comprises an indication of a number of responder EDMG BRP- TX packets to be sent by the responder device, and wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to cause to send a first responder EDMG BRP-TX packet to the initiator device using a first transmit antenna of the responder device.
  • Example 6 may include the responder device of example 5, and/or some other example herein, wherein the responder device further comprises at least two transmit antennas, wherein the indication of the number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent by the responder device comprises an indication of the at least two transmit antennas, and wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to cause to send a second responder EDMG BRP-TX packet to the initiator device using a second transmit antenna of the responder device.
  • Example 7 may include the responder device of example 5, and/or some other example herein, wherein the first BRP frame comprises an indication of a number of times that the responder EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent to the initiator device, wherein the number of times that the number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the initiator device.
  • Example 8 may include the responder device of example 7, and/or some other example herein, wherein the number of receive antennas to be trained at the initiator device comprises two or more antennas, and wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to cause to resend the first responder EDMG BRP-TX packet to the initiator device using the first transmit antenna of the responder device.
  • Example 9 may include the responder device of example 1, and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • Example 10 may include the responder device of example 1, and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.
  • Example 11 may a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer- executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising: causing to send, by an initiator device, a first beam refinement protocol (BRP) frame comprising an indication of a request to perform a BRP transmit sector sweep (TXSS) process and an indication of a number of enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) BRP transmission (BRP-TX) packets to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process; identifying a second BRP frame received from a responder device, the second BRP frame comprising an indication of a number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process, wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the responder device; causing to send the number of EDMG protocol
  • Example 12 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, the operations further comprising causing to send the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets, wherein the indication of the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device comprises an indication of at least two times.
  • Example 13 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is less than a number of two or more antennas of the responder device.
  • Example 14 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein wherein the indication of the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets comprises an indication of two or more EDMG BRP-TX packets, and wherein causing to send the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets comprises: causing to send a first EDMG BRP- TX packet comprising an indication of a first transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the first EDMG BRP-TX packet; and causing to send a second EDMG BRP-TX packet comprising an indication of a second transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the second EDMG BRP-TX packet, and wherein the indication of the optimal transmit antenna of the initiator device comprises an indication of the first transmit antennas used by the initiator device.
  • Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP-TX packets are initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets, wherein the second BRP frame comprises an indication of a number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent by the responder device, the operations further comprising identifying a first responder EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the responder device.
  • Example 16 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 15 and/or some other example herein, wherein the indication of the number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent by the responder device comprises an indication of at least two transmit antennas, the operations further comprising identifying a second responder EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the responder device.
  • Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 15 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first BRP frame comprises an indication of a number of times that the responder EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent to the initiator device, wherein the number of times that the number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the initiator device.
  • Example 18 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 17 and/or some other example herein, wherein the number of receive antennas to be trained at the initiator device comprises two or more antennas, the operations further comprising identifying the first responder EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the responder device in an additional transmission.
  • Example 19 may include a method comprising: identifying, by processing circuitry of a responder device, a first beam refinement protocol (BRP) frame received from an initiator device, the first BRP frame comprising an indication of a request to perform a BRP transmit sector sweep (TXSS) process and an indication of a number of enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) BRP transmission (BRP-TX) packets to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process; causing to send, by the processing circuitry a second BRP frame to the initiator device, the second BRP frame comprising an indication of a number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process, wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the responder device; identifying, by the processing circuitry, the number of EDMG
  • Example 20 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, further comprising identifying the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets received from the initiator device using a second receive antenna configuration, wherein the indication of the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device comprises an indication of at least two times.
  • Example 21 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the responder device further comprises two or more antennas, and wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is less than a number of the two or more antennas.
  • Example 22 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the indication of the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets comprises an indication of two or more EDMG BRP-TX packets, and wherein identifying the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets received from the initiator device using the first receive antenna comprises: identifying a first EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the initiator device using the first receive antenna, wherein the first EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises an indication of a first transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the first EDMG BRP-TX packet; and identifying a second EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the initiator device using the first receive antenna, wherein the second EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises an indication of a second transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the second EDMG BRP-TX packet, and wherein the indication of the optimal transmit antenna of the initiator device comprises an indication of the first transmit antennas used by the initiator
  • Example 23 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP-TX packets are initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets, wherein the second BRP frame comprises an indication of a number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent by the responder device, the method further comprising causing to send a first responder EDMG BRP-TX packet to the initiator device using a first transmit antenna of the responder device.
  • Example 24 may include a responder device, the responder device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to: cause to send a feedback frame to an initiator device, the feedback frame comprising an indication of a best antenna used by the initiator device to transmit one or more enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol transmit (BRP-TX) packets during a BRP transmit sector sweep (BRP TXSS); identify a training field of an EDMG BRP receive (BRP-RX) packet, wherein the training field is received from the initiator device using an antenna of the responder device associated with the best antenna used by the initiator device; and determine, based at least in part on the training field, a best receive antenna configuration associated with the antenna of the responder device.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi gigabit
  • BRP-RX BRP transmit sector sweep
  • Example 25 may include the responder device of example 24 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the feedback frame is a first feedback frame, wherein the EDMG BRP-RX packet is a first EDMG BRP-RX packet, and wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to: cause to send one or more EDMG BRP transmit (BRP-TX) packets a number of times to the initiator device; identify a second feedback frame received from the initiator device, the second feedback frame comprising a best antenna used by the responder device to transmit the one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets; and cause to send a second EDMG BRP-RX packet to the initiator device using the best antenna used by the responder device.
  • BRP-TX EDMG BRP transmit
  • Example 26 may include the responder device of example 25 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the number of times is one.
  • Example 27 may include the responder device of example 25 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the number of times is based at least in part on a number of antennas used by the initiator device and is greater than one.
  • Example 28 may include the responder device of example 25 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets lack a training field.
  • Example 29 may include the responder device of example 25 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets comprise a first EDMG BRP-TX packet and a second EDMG BRP-TX packet, wherein the EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises a first training field associated with a first antenna weight vector, and wherein the second EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises the first training field associated with the first antenna weight vector.
  • Example 30 may include the responder device of example 24 and/or some of other example herein, wherein to determine the best receive antenna configuration comprises to determine a best receive antenna associated with the antenna of the responder device and a best antenna weight vector associated with the antenna of the responder device.
  • Example 31 may include an apparatus comprising means for: causing to send, by an initiator device, a first beam refinement protocol (BRP) frame comprising an indication of a request to perform a BRP transmit sector sweep (TXSS) process and an indication of a number of enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) BRP transmission (BRP-TX) packets to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process; identifying a second BRP frame received from a responder device, the second BRP frame comprising an indication of a number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device during the BRP TXSS process, wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the responder device; causing to send the number of EDMG BRP-TX packet; and identifying a third BRP frame received from the responder device, the third
  • Example 32 may include the apparatus of example 31 and/or some other example herein, further comprising means for causing to send the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets, wherein the indication of the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device comprises an indication of at least two times.
  • Example 33 may include the apparatus of example 31 and/or some other example herein, wherein the number of times that the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is less than a number of two or more antennas of the responder device.
  • Example 33 may include the apparatus of example 31 and/or some other example herein, wherein the indication of the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets comprises an indication of two or more EDMG BRP-TX packets, and wherein causing to send the number of EDMG BRP-TX packets comprises means for: causing to send a first EDMG BRP-TX packet comprising an indication of a first transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the first EDMG BRP-TX packet; and causing to send a second EDMG BRP-TX packet comprising an indication of a second transmit antenna used by the initiator device to transmit the second EDMG BRP-TX packet, and wherein the indication of the optimal transmit antenna of the initiator device comprises an indication of the first transmit antennas used by the initiator device.
  • Example 35 may include the apparatus of example 31 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP-TX packets are initiator EDMG BRP-TX packets, wherein the second BRP frame comprises an indication of a number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent by the responder device, further comprising means for identifying a first responder EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the responder device.
  • Example 36 may include the apparatus of example 31 and/or some other example herein, wherein the indication of the number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets to be sent by the responder device comprises an indication of at least two transmit antennas, further comprising means for identifying a second responder EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the responder device.
  • Example 37 may include the apparatus of example 31 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first BRP frame comprises an indication of a number of times that the responder EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent to the initiator device, wherein the number of times that the number of responder EDMG BRP-TX packets are to be sent by the initiator device is associated with a number of receive antennas to be trained at the initiator device.
  • Example 38 may include the apparatus of example 37 and/or some other example herein, wherein the number of receive antennas to be trained at the initiator device comprises two or more antennas, further comprising means for identifying the first responder EDMG BRP-TX packet received from the responder device in an additional transmission.
  • Example 39 may include an apparatus including means for: causing to send a feedback frame to an initiator device, the feedback frame comprising an indication of a best antenna used by the initiator device to transmit one or more enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol transmit (BRP-TX) packets during a BRP transmit sector sweep (BRP TXSS); identifying a training field of an EDMG BRP receive (BRP-RX) packet, wherein the training field is received from the initiator device using an antenna of the responder device associated with the best antenna used by the initiator device; and determining, based at least in part on the training field, a best receive antenna configuration associated with the antenna of the responder device.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi gigabit
  • BRP-RX BRP transmit sector sweep
  • Example 40 may include the apparatus of example 39 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the feedback frame is a first feedback frame, wherein the EDMG BRP-RX packet is a first EDMG BRP-RX packet, and further comprising means for: causing to send one or more EDMG BRP transmit (BRP-TX) packets a number of times to the initiator device; identifying a second feedback frame received from the initiator device, the second feedback frame comprising a best antenna used by the responder device to transmit the one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets; and causing to send a second EDMG BRP-RX packet to the initiator device using the best antenna used by the responder device.
  • BRP-TX EDMG BRP transmit
  • Example 41 may include the apparatus of example 39 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the number of times is one.
  • Example 42 may include the apparatus of example 39 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the number of times is based at least in part on a number of antennas used by the initiator device and is greater than one.
  • Example 43 may include the apparatus of example 39 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets lack a training field.
  • Example 44 may include the apparatus of example 39 and/or some of other example herein, wherein the one or more EDMG BRP-TX packets comprise a first EDMG BRP-TX packet and a second EDMG BRP-TX packet, wherein the EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises a first training field associated with a first antenna weight vector, and wherein the second EDMG BRP-TX packet comprises the first training field associated with the first antenna weight vector.
  • Example 45 may include the apparatus of example 39 and/or some of other example herein, wherein to determine the best receive antenna configuration comprises to determine a best receive antenna associated with the antenna of the responder device and a best antenna weight vector associated with the antenna of the responder device.
  • Example 46 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-45, or any other method or process described herein.
  • Example 47 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-45, or any other method or process described herein.
  • Example 48 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-45, or portions or parts thereof.
  • Example 49 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-45, or portions thereof.
  • Example 50 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.
  • Example 51 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
  • Example 52 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
  • Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well.
  • the dependencies or references in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.
  • These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • Conditional language such as, among others, "can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes, des procédés et des dispositifs liés à l'apprentissage de formation de faisceaux. Un dispositif peut identifier une première trame de protocole d'affinement de faisceaux (BRP) reçu en provenance d'un dispositif initiateur. Le dispositif peut envoyer une deuxième trame BRP au dispositif initiateur. Le dispositif peut identifier le nombre de paquets de transmission de trame de protocole d'affinement de faisceaux (BRP-TX) multigigabit directionnel amélioré (EDMG) reçus en provenance du dispositif initiateur en utilisant une première antenne de réception. Le dispositif peut envoyer une troisième trame BRP comprenant une indication d'une antenne d'émission optimale du dispositif initiateur.
PCT/US2018/040582 2017-08-11 2018-07-02 Apprentissage amélioré de formation de faisceaux pour communications sans fil WO2019032221A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762544366P 2017-08-11 2017-08-11
US62/544,366 2017-08-11
US201762551930P 2017-08-30 2017-08-30
US62/551,930 2017-08-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019032221A1 true WO2019032221A1 (fr) 2019-02-14

Family

ID=65272575

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2018/040582 WO2019032221A1 (fr) 2017-08-11 2018-07-02 Apprentissage amélioré de formation de faisceaux pour communications sans fil

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019032221A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170111099A1 (en) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-20 Lg Electronics Inc. Multiple beamforming training
US20170134076A1 (en) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Method and Apparatus for Multiuser MIMO Beamforming Training

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170111099A1 (en) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-20 Lg Electronics Inc. Multiple beamforming training
US20170134076A1 (en) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Method and Apparatus for Multiuser MIMO Beamforming Training

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTEL ET AL.: "Contributions to the BRP TXSS procedure", IEEE 802.11-17/1181R0, 31 July 2017 (2017-07-31), XP068116724 *
INTEL: "CE TRN Transmission in BRP TXSS", IEEE 802.11-17/1042R1, 10 July 2017 (2017-07-10), XP068116483 *
INTEL: "Proposed resolution to BF PHY related CIDs", IEEE 802.11-17/1175R0, 26 July 2017 (2017-07-26), XP068116713 *

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10461817B2 (en) Enhanced multiple-input multiple-output beam refinement protocol transmit sector sweep
US11158132B2 (en) Media access control range extension
US10587442B2 (en) Enhanced multiple input multiple output preamble frame
US10342047B2 (en) Reverse direction for multi-user multiple input multiple output communications
US20180192428A1 (en) Quality of service dependent hybrid beamforming training and multiuser scheduling
US10251072B2 (en) Sectorized antennas for unsynchronized multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output
US10972157B2 (en) Multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output setup frame
US20200163039A1 (en) Enhanced location determination of wireless devices
US11516748B2 (en) Transmit power control
US10750467B2 (en) Bidirectional location measurement report feedback
US10284275B2 (en) Single user and multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output beamforming
WO2018084901A1 (fr) Formation de faisceau de balayage de niveau de secteur amélioré
WO2018063736A1 (fr) Phases synchronisées et non synchronisées pour antennes sectorisées
US20180324600A1 (en) Analog beamforming for wi-fi devices
WO2019070746A1 (fr) Formation de faisceau et établissement de liaison pour réseaux duplex à répartition dans le temps
WO2018144156A2 (fr) Capacités multi-gigabits directionnelles améliorées et éléments d'exploitation
US10461828B2 (en) Millimeter wave distributed network antenna sector switch
WO2019014385A1 (fr) Mode de traitement de trame de protocole d'affinement de faisceau rapide amélioré pour communications sans fil
EP3622634A1 (fr) Apprentissage amélioré de formation de faisceau pour communications sans fil
WO2019032221A1 (fr) Apprentissage amélioré de formation de faisceaux pour communications sans fil
WO2018231719A1 (fr) Type de trame de déclenchement améliorée pour une communication sans fil
WO2018190916A1 (fr) Résolution de collision efficace dans une formation de faisceau par balayage de niveau sectoriel améliorée
WO2018132593A1 (fr) Capacité d'auto-classification de dispositifs multi-gigabits directionnels améliorés
WO2018191033A1 (fr) Indexation de sous-champs d'apprentissage améliorée pour communications sans fil
WO2018147904A1 (fr) Identification de groupe améliorée pour des entrées et sorties multiples avec de multiples utilisateurs sur liaison descendante

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18843240

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18843240

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1