WO2018191033A1 - Indexation de sous-champs d'apprentissage améliorée pour communications sans fil - Google Patents

Indexation de sous-champs d'apprentissage améliorée pour communications sans fil Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018191033A1
WO2018191033A1 PCT/US2018/025318 US2018025318W WO2018191033A1 WO 2018191033 A1 WO2018191033 A1 WO 2018191033A1 US 2018025318 W US2018025318 W US 2018025318W WO 2018191033 A1 WO2018191033 A1 WO 2018191033A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
training
fields
awv
packet
sub
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/025318
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Claudio Da Silva
Carlos Cordeiro
Artyom LOMAYEV
Michael Genossar
Jonathan KOSLOFF
Original Assignee
Intel Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel Corporation filed Critical Intel Corporation
Publication of WO2018191033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018191033A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, to enhanced training sub-field indexing.
  • a wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may provide high-speed data access for users of wireless communication devices.
  • FIG. 1A depicts a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a portion of an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet format, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam refinement protocol
  • FIG. 2A depicts an EDMG BRP packet training field sequence, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2B depicts an EDMG BRP packet training field sequence, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2C depicts an EDMG BRP packet training field sequence, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a training field format for an EDMG beam refinement protocol transmission (BRP-TX) packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3B a training field format for an EDMG beam refinement protocol reception transmission (BRP-RX/TX) packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 A illustrates a training field format for an enhanced BRP packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a training field format for an enhanced BRP packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 A depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for indexing for enhanced training sub-field indexing, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5B depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for indexing for enhanced training sub-field indexing, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a functional diagram of an example communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
  • one or more frames may be sent and received. These frames may include one or more fields (or symbols) that may be based on IEEE 802.11 specifications, including, but not limited to, an IEEE 802. Had specification, or IEEE 802. Hay specification.
  • Devices may operate in multiuser multiple-input and multiple- output (MU-MIMO) technology.
  • MIMO facilitates multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit multipath propagation. Also, MIMO provides a practical technique for sending and receiving more than one data signal on the same radio channel at the same time via multipath propagation.
  • MU-MIMO provides a means for wireless devices to communicate with each other using multiple antennas such that the wireless devices may transmit at the same time and frequency and still be separated by their spatial signatures.
  • an Access Point (AP) or initiator may be able to communicate with multiple devices using multiple antennas at the same time up to send and receive data.
  • An AP operating in MU-MIMO and in a 60 GHz frequency band, for example, may utilize a MU-MIMO frame to communicate with devices serviced by that AP.
  • a typical Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) physical layer (PHY) convergence protocol data unit (PPDU) frame format may be composed of a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), Legacy Channel Estimation Field (L-CEF), Legacy-Header Field (L- Header), an EDMG-Header-A Field, an EDMG-short training Field (EDMG-STF), an EDMG Channel Estimation Field (EDMG-CEF) an EDMG-Header-B, a payload data part, and a training (TRN) field.
  • L-STF Legacy Short Training Field
  • L-CEF Legacy Channel Estimation Field
  • L- Header Legacy-Header Field
  • EDMG-STF EDMG-Header-A Field
  • EDMG-STF EDMG-short training Field
  • EDMG-CEF EDMG Channel Estimation Field
  • TRN training
  • a TRN field is composed of multiple TRN units.
  • a TRN unit may be associated with one or more antenna weight vector (AWVs) used to send the EDMG PPDU, and may include multiple TRN sub-fields (e.g., four). Each TRN sub-field of a TRN unit may be used to train one AWV.
  • AMVs antenna weight vector
  • the IEEE 802. Hay standard in the millimeter wave (e.g., 60 GHz) band is an evolution of the IEEE 802.1 lad standard also known as WiGig.
  • the IEEE 802.1 lay standard defines a "hot spot" (e.g., small cell) scenario with a large number of users (e.g., up to fifty) and large distance ranges (e.g., 100 - 200 meters).
  • SLS Sector Level Sweep
  • STA alternate AP and station
  • references to an "omni mode" or a “quasi-omni mode” may be made interchangeably so that, for example, references to a quasi-omni mode may include an omni mode.
  • Modifications to the IEEE 802.11 physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) may allow stations operating in the license-exempt bands (e.g., above 45 GHz) to operate with a maximum throughput of at least 20 Gbps.
  • a new frame format for an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PHY protocol data unit (PPDU) may include a re-designed training (TRN) field which may offer greater flexibility and efficiency than the one defined in IEEE 802.1 lad, for example.
  • TRN sub-fields e.g., groups of TRN sub-fields
  • AVGs antenna weight vectors
  • enhanced indexing and mapping of the TRN sub-fields to AWVs may be useful in defining an appropriate feedback mechanism for transmit beamforming training using the new TRN field of EDMG PPDUs with groups of TRN sub-fields corresponding to common AW Vs.
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems for enhanced TRN sub-field indexing for wireless communications.
  • a TRN field of EDMG PPDUs may allow for multiple TRN sub-fields to be transmitted with the same AWV.
  • transmission feedback may be defined in terms of the AWV used (e.g., a group number associated with TRN sub- fields using a same AWV), rather than in terms of an individual TRN sub-field index (e.g., as performed in IEEE 802.1 lad).
  • TRN sub-field indices may be used to indicate that the AWV associated with those TRN sub-fields is the best AWV.
  • Enhanced indexing may simplify TRN sub-field indexing for the communication of AWVs by, for example, using a common TRN sub-field group index associated with each TRN sub-field associated with the AWV determined to be the best AWV.
  • enhanced feedback of transmit beamforming training procedures may use EDMG PPDUs and the concept of TRN-T groups (e.g., TRN sub-field groups). Indexing/mapping may be defined between the TRN sub-fields and the AWVs used in the transmission of the TRN field associated with the TRN sub-fields.
  • a TRN field of an EDMG beam refinement protocol transmit (BRP-TX) packet and of an EDMG beam refinement protocol receive/transmit (BRP- RX/TX) packet may be configurable and defined by the following parameters:
  • P A number of TRN sub-fields in a TRN unit, used for channel estimation, which are transmitted with a same AWV as a preamble and/or data field.
  • P may be a 0, 1, 2, or 4 as indicated by an EDMG TRN-Unit P field/value of EDMG-Header-A in an EDMG BRP.
  • M A number of TRN sub-fields in a given TRN unit used for beamforming training.
  • the value of M may be indicated by an EDMG TRN-Unit M field/value in an EDMG-Header- A of an EDMG BRP, plus one.
  • N A number of consecutive TRN sub-fields within a given TRN unit, which may be transmitted with a same AWV. N may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 as indicated by an EDMG TRN- Unit N field/value in an EDMG-Header-A of an EDMG BRP. By using consecutive TRN sub- fields for one AWV, better calculations may be performed. For example, noise may be averaged over multiple TRN sub-fields for a common AWV to allow for better channel estimations.
  • C A number of consecutive TRN units which may be transmitted with a same AWV. C may be equal to the value of the RX TRN units per each TX TRN unit field in an EDMG-Header-A of an EDMG BRP, plus one.
  • L A number of TRN units in a given TRN field of an EDMG BRP.
  • TRN field of an EDMG PPDU e.g., a TRN sub-field sequence length field
  • M, N, C, and L may be sufficient for defining feedback for transmit beamforming flows.
  • EDMG BRP with C greater than one may be referred to as an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet.
  • M, N, C, L and P may define a format and length of an EDMG BRP TRN field
  • two of the five parameters may define different ways of allowing multiple TRN sub-fields transmitted with a same AWV. If N is set to a value greater than one, multiple TRN subfields in a TRN unit of an EDMG BRP-TX packet may be transmitted with a same AWV. If an EDMG BRP packet uses a C value greater than one, then EDMG BPR-RX/TX packets may have multiple consecutive TRN units with TRN sub-fields transmitted with a same AWV.
  • feedback for transmit beamforming may be defined as an index of a TRN-T sub-field.
  • feedback may be defined as a BS-FBCK field, which may indicate an index of a TRN-T sub-field received with the best quality in a last received DMG BRP-TX PPDU, where a first TRN-T sub-field in the PPDU may be defined as having an index equal to one.
  • TRN-T may refer to a group of TRN sub- fields with a common AWV, and a TRN-T index may indicate the AWV associated with the group of TRN sub-fields.
  • the indexing of TRN-T sub-fields by the order in which they were transmitted may not work for enhanced indexing using EDMG BRP-TX packets with N greater than one, and using EDMG BRP-RX/TX packets.
  • a group of TRN sub-fields may be transmitted with a same AWV, and more than one TRN sub-fields may be processed together to obtain a single measurement. If a group of the best-determined TRN sub-fields uses the same AWV, and each TRN sub-field is associated with a different TRN index value, the selection and indication of one TRN index value for feedback to the transmitting device may cause confusion.
  • Enhanced indexing may facilitate better communication for beamforming training.
  • the indexing used when measurements are obtained using EDMG BRP-TX and EDMG BRP-RX/TX packets may use a TRN-T group.
  • a TRN-T group may be defined as one or more TRN sub-fields transmitted with a same AWV.
  • the index of the best TRN-T group may be provided to the transmitting device as feedback instead of the best TRN-T sub-field, for example.
  • unambiguous mapping between a TRN sub-field index and a TRN-T group may be provided for a given packet configuration (e.g., involving M, N, and C values).
  • Sub-fields associated with each AWV may be used to measure a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), for example.
  • a device which receives an enhanced BRP packet may determine the best AWV based at least in part on such measurements. For example, a selected AWV in beamforming training may be based on the AWV which provided the best SNR. To indicate the best AWVs, feedback may be provided from a receiving device to a transmitting device to notify the transmitting device which AWV to use in subsequent transmissions between the devices.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • enhanced indexing for training sub-fields may be used to define the feedback provided for transmit beamforming procedures which use EDMG PPDUs.
  • TRN-T groups instead of TRN-T fields may facilitate enhanced indexing.
  • enhanced indexing may be used for beamforming feedback.
  • a BS-FBCK field may indicate an index of the TRN-T field received with the best quality in a last received BRP-TX PPDU, but if a measurement is obtained based on an EDMG BRP-TX or EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet, the BS-FBCK field may indicate an index of a TRN-T group received with the best quality in the last received packet.
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • consecutive TRN sub- fields may be transmitted using a same AWV if the value of an EDMG TRN-Unit N field in an EDMG-Header-A field is greater than zero.
  • consecutive TRN units may be transmitted with a same AWV.
  • TRN sub-fields transmitted with a same AWV in an EDMG BRP-TX and/or EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet may be considered as a TRN- T group.
  • all TRN sub-fields within a TRN unit may be transmitted with a same AWV.
  • EDMG BRP packets may allow for different AWVs in a transmission of a TRN unit in an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packetln one or more embodiments, enhanced indexing may be used in beamforming and/or beam tracking processes.
  • 802.11 ay access to a communication medium may be organized in beacon intervals (e.g., intervals between beacons sent from one device to another).
  • a beacon interval may include two portions: a beacon header interval (BHI) and a data transmission interval (DTI).
  • BHI beacon header interval
  • DTI data transmission interval
  • beam training may be performed for unassociated DMG and/or EDMG devices using a sweep of multiple directionally transmitted frames.
  • BHI may be divided into the following sub- intervals: beacon transmission interval (BTI), association beamforming training (ABFT), and announcement transmission interval (ATI).
  • a device e.g., an AP
  • BTI beacon transmission interval
  • ABFT association beamforming training
  • ATI announcement transmission interval
  • a device may transmit beacons during the BTI.
  • ABFT may be used by devices (e.g., STAs) to perform beamforming training with a device that sent a beacon during the BTI.
  • ATI may used for an exchange of one or more management frames between devices.
  • Enhanced indexing with training sub-fields may occur during the BTI, ABFT, and/or DTI.
  • FIG. 1 A is a network diagram 100 illustrating an example network environment, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless network 135 may include one or more user device(s) 120 and one or more access point(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards, such as the IEEE 802.11ad and/or IEEE 802.11ay specifications.
  • the user device(s) 120 may be referred to as stations (STAs).
  • STAs stations
  • the user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non- stationary and do not have fixed locations.
  • the AP 102 is shown to be communicating on multiple antennas with user devices 120, it should be understood that this is only for illustrative purposes and that any user device 120 may also communicate using multiple antennas with other user devices 120 and/or AP 102.
  • the user devices 120 and AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 6 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 7.
  • One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 110.
  • the user device(s) 120 e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.
  • user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may include, a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabook tm computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device,
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
  • Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks.
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs).
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • coaxial cable twisted-pair wire
  • optical fiber a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium
  • microwave terrestrial transceivers microwave terrestrial transceivers
  • radio frequency communication mediums white space communication mediums
  • ultra-high frequency communication mediums satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may include one or more communications antennas.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP 102.
  • suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi- omnidirectional antennas, or the like.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP 102.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.
  • MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming.
  • user devices 120 and/or AP 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.
  • Any of the user devices 120 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP 102 to communicate with each other.
  • the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
  • the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.
  • the radio component in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11b, 802. llg, 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lax), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lac, 802.1 lax), or 60 GHZ channels (e.g. 802.1 lad).
  • non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g. IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications.
  • the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
  • the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • A/D analog-to-digital
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 2.16 GHz.
  • other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an extremely high frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • WLAN the millimeter wave
  • WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more specifications, including one or more IEEE 802.11 specifications, (e.g., an IEEE 802.1 lay specification, IEEE 802. Had specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol).
  • IEEE 802.11 specifications e.g., an IEEE 802.1 lay specification, IEEE 802. Had specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • AP 102 and/or user device(s) 120 may send and receive one or more EDMG BRP packets 140.
  • EDMG BRP packets 140 may include indications of TRN units, TRN sub-fields, TRN length, TRN groups, and more, and may be used for enhanced beamforming training using enhanced indexing of TRN sub-fields. Beamforming training using TRN sub-fields may allow AP 102 and/or user device(s) 120 to determine best AWVs for transmission and/or receiving. When a device receives one or more EDMG BRP packets 140, the device may determine the best AWVs used to send and/or receive the EDMG BRP packets 140.
  • a TRN-T group index may be used to communicate to a device which AWV to use for transmission and/or reception.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a portion 150 of an EDMG BRP packet format, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • portion 150 of an EDMG BRP packet format may include a legacy short training field (L-STF) 152, a legacy channel estimation field (L-CEF) 154, a legacy header field (L-Header) 156, an EDMG-Header-A field 158, and EDMG short training field (EDMG-STF) 160, an EDMG channel estimation field (EDMG-CEF) 162, an EDMG- Header-B field 164, a data field 166, and a training field (TRN) 168.
  • L-STF legacy short training field
  • L-CEF legacy channel estimation field
  • EDMG-Header-A field 158 EDMG short training field
  • EDMG-STF EDMG short training field
  • EDMG-CEF EDMG channel estimation field
  • TRN training field
  • EDMG-Header-A field 158 may include one or more sub-fields with indicators/indices associated with the TRN field 168.
  • the one or more sub- fields may include P sub-field, an M sub-field, an N sub-field, a C sub-field, and an L sub- field.
  • the sub-fields may include one or more indicators (e.g., integers) corresponding to information regarding the TRN field 168.
  • the TRN indicators of the sub-fields of the EDMG- Header-A field 158 are explained further below with respect to FIGs. 2A, 2B, and 2C.
  • the P, M, N, C, and L sub-fields may be defined as follows:
  • P A number of TRN sub-fields in a TRN unit, used for channel estimation, which are transmitted with a same AWV as a preamble and/or data field.
  • P may be a 0, 1, 2, or 4 as indicated by an EDMG TRN-Unit P field/value of EDMG-Header-A in an EDMG BRP.
  • M A number of TRN sub-fields in a given TRN unit used for beamforming training. The value of M may be indicated by an EDMG TRN-Unit M field/value in an EDMG-Header- A of an EDMG BRP, plus one.
  • N A number of consecutive TRN sub-fields within a given TRN unit, which may be transmitted with a same AWV.
  • N may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 as indicated by an EDMG TRN- Unit N field/value in an EDMG-Header-A of an EDMG BRP.
  • consecutive TRN sub- fields for one AWV better calculations may be performed. For example, noise may be averaged over multiple TRN sub-fields for a common AWV to allow for better channel estimations.
  • C A number of consecutive TRN units which may be transmitted with a same AWV. C may be equal to the value of the RX TRN units per each TX TRN unit field in an EDMG-Header-A of an EDMG BRP, plus one.
  • L A number of TRN units in a given TRN field of an EDMG BRP.
  • M, N, C, and L may be sufficient for defining feedback for transmit beamforming flows.
  • EDMG BRP with C greater than one may be referred to as an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet.
  • FIG. 2A depicts an EDMG BRP packet training field sequence 200, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • STA 202 may send or receive a TRN field in a packet (e.g., according to portion 150 of EDMG BRP packet in FIG. IB).
  • the TRN field 204 may includes one or more training units (e.g., TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit 1,...,TRN Unit L). Each training unit may include one or more training sub-fields (e.g., TRN 0, TRN 1,...,TRN P).
  • P TRN sub-fields having the same AWV may be considered a group of P TRNs 206.
  • a length of a training field (e.g., TRN field 204) may be L, corresponding to L training fields (e.g., TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit 1,...,TRN Unit L).
  • L training unit fields may be associated with an AWV.
  • each training unit may include multiple training sub-fields (e.g., TRN 0, TRN 1,...,TRN P).
  • the training sub-fields of a training unit may be associated with an AWV.
  • a unit of a TRN field may be a training unit (e.g., TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit 1,...,TRN Unit L).
  • TRN Unit e.g., TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit 1,...,TRN Unit L.
  • TRN Field e.g., TRN Field 204.
  • TRN Field 204 may be part of an EDMG BRP-RX packet.
  • all TRN sub-fields e.g., TRN 0, TRN 1,...,TRN P
  • AWV e.g., common to data field 166 of FIG. IB.
  • FIG. 2B depicts an EDMG BRP packet training field sequence 230, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • STA 232 may send or receive a sequence of TRN sub-fields in a packet (e.g., according to portion 150 of EDMG BRP packet in FIG. IB).
  • the sequence of TRN sub-fields may be part of a training field (e.g., TRN field 234) of an EDMG BRP packet.
  • the training field may include training units (e.g., TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit 1,...,TRN Unit L).
  • Each training unit may include one or more training sub-fields (e.g., TRN PI, TRN P2,...,TRN P, TRN 0, TRN 1,...,TRN 2, TRN 3,...,TRN M-l, TRN M).
  • the first P consecutive training sub-fields may make up a group of P TRNs 236, and may be transmitted with a common AWV.
  • Remaining training sub-fields e.g., TRN 0,...,TRN M
  • TRN Unit 0 may refer to a group of training sub-fields of length M (e.g., M TRNs 238).
  • a number of N consecutive training sub-fields of M TRNs 238 transmitted with a same AWV may refer to a group of N TRNs (e.g., Group NO 240, Group Nl 242,...Group Nn 246).
  • a P value may refer to a group of P consecutive training sub-fields (e.g., TRN PI, TRN P2,...,TRN P).
  • the Group of P TRNs 236 may refer to the first P consecutive training sub-fields transmitted with a common AWV (e.g., common to data field 166 of FIG. IB).
  • training sub-fields of TRN Unit 0 subsequent to the Group of P TRNs 236 may refer to a length of M training sub-fields (e.g., M TRNs 238).
  • Training sub-fields of M TRNs 238 may use one or more AWVs.
  • the first N training sub- fields of M TRNs 238 may refer to Group NO 240 and may have a common AWV.
  • Subsequent groups of N training sub-fields within M TRNs 238 may also be included, and each group of N training sub-fields may be associated with a different AWV (e.g., Group NO 240 may be associated with an AWV different from Group Nl 242 and than Group Nn 246).
  • TRN field 234 may be a field in an EDMG BRP-TX packet.
  • the P value for the Group of P TRNs 236 may be used for channel estimation of sub-fields transmitted with the same AWV as a preamble and/or data field of an EDMG BRP-TX packet.
  • P can be equal to 0, 1, 2, or 4, as indicated by the P sub- field of the EDMG Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB.
  • the M value for M TRNs 238 may be used for beamforming training.
  • M's value may equal to the M sub-field in the EDMG-Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB, plus one.
  • the N value for a respective group of N training sub- fields may be transmitted with the same AWV.
  • N may be equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8, as indicated by the M sub-field and N sub-field in the EDMG Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB.
  • FIG. 2C depicts an EDMG BRP packet training field sequence 260, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • STA 262 may send or receive a sequence of TRN sub-fields in a packet (e.g., according to portion 150 of EDMG BRP packet in FIG. IB).
  • the sequence of TRN sub-fields may be part of a training field (e.g., TRN field 264) of an EDMG BRP packet.
  • the training field may include training unit fields (e.g., TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit 1,...,TRN Unit L-l, TRN Unit L).
  • a number of C consecutive training units (e.g., Group CO 266,...Group Ck 268) may be referred to as a group of training units associated with a common AWV.
  • Each training unit may include one or more training sub-fields (e.g., TRN PI, TRN P2,...,TRN P, TRN 0, TRN 1,...,TRN M).
  • the first P consecutive training sub-fields (e.g., TRN PI, TRN P2,...,TRN P) may refer to a Group of P TRNs 270, which may be transmitted with a common AWV.
  • Remaining training sub-fields (e.g., TRN 0, TRN 1,...,TRN M) associated with a training unit field (e.g., TRN Unit 0) may refer to a group of M training sub-fields (e.g., M TRNs 272), and may be associated with a same AWV.
  • a P value (e.g., Group of P TRNs 270) may refer to a group of P consecutive training sub-fields (e.g., TRN P, TRN P2,...,TRN P).
  • the Group of P TRN sub-fields 270 may refer to the first P consecutive training sub-fields transmitted with a common AWV (e.g., common to data field 166 of FIG. IB).
  • the training sub-fields of the Group of P TRNs 270 may be consecutive sub-fields transmitted with a common AWV.
  • training sub-fields of TRN Unit 0 subsequent to the Group of P TRNs 270 may refer to a length of M training sub-fields (e.g., M TRNs 272). Training sub-fields of M TRNs 272 may be transmitted with one common AWV.
  • TRN field 264 may be a field in an EDMG BRP- RX/TX packet.
  • the P value for the Group of P TRNs 270 may be used for channel estimation of sub-fields transmitted with the same AWV as a preamble and/or data field of an EDMG BRP-TX packet.
  • P can be equal to 0, 1, 2, or 4, as indicated by the P sub- field of the EDMG Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB.
  • the M value for M TRNs 272 may be used for beamforming training.
  • M's value may equal to the M sub-field in the EDMG-Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB, plus one.
  • the C value for Group CO 266 may refer to a number of consecutive training unit fields (TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit 1) which may be transmitted with a common AWV.
  • C may be equal to a value of RX TRN Units per each TX TRN Unit field in an EDMG-Header-A field (e.g., EDMG-Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB), plus one.
  • L may refer to a number of TRN-Units in a TRN field, and may be indicated by an L sub-field (e.g., L sub-field of FIG. IB) in the EDMG-Header-A (e.g., EDMG-Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB).
  • L sub-field e.g., L sub-field of FIG. IB
  • EDMG BRP packets with C > 1 may be referred to as EDMG BRP-RX/TX packets.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a training field format 300 for an EDMG BRP-TX packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an EDMG BRP-TX packet may include the Group of P
  • M TRNs 236 and M TRNs 238 may include training sub-fields (e.g., TRN 0, TRN 1, TRN 2, TRN 3, TRN 4, TRN 5, TRN 6, TRN 7).
  • the training sub-fields may be grouped into multiple groupings based on the value of N (e.g.,
  • the N value may be 2 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3A).
  • each AWV may be used to transmit two consecutive TRN sub-fields.
  • Group NO 302 may include training sub-fields TRN 0 and TRN 1;
  • Group Nl 304 may include training sub-fields TRN 2 and TRN 3;
  • Group N2 306 may include training sub- fields TRN 4 and TRN 5;
  • Group N3 308 may include training sub-fields TRN 6 and TRN 7.
  • a group index identifying each grouping of training sub-fields may allow devices to communicate which AWV was best for transmissions.
  • AWV 0 e.g., an AWV associated with Group NO 302
  • an index associated with Group NO 302 may be communicated between devices.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates a training field format 350 for an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet may include a TRN field 264 made up of one or more training units (e.g., TRN Unit 0, TRN Unit l,...,Unit L-l, Unit L), and may be preceded in the EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet by a data field 166 (e.g., data field 166 of FIG. IB).
  • Each TRN Unit may include one or more training sub-fields (e.g., Group of P TRNs 270 of FIG. 2C, TRN 0-TRN 15).
  • the C value may be 2.
  • training sub-fields of two consecutive training units e.g., TRN Unit 0 and TRN Unit 1 may be associated with Group CO 266; TRN Unit L-l and TRN Unit L may be associated with Group Ck 268) may be transmitted using a common AWV.
  • Each training unit may include the Group of P TRNs 270 and M TRNs 272 (e.g., of FIG. 2C).
  • M TRNs 272 may include M training sub-fields.
  • TRN Unit 0 may include TRN 0 - TRN 3; TRN Unit 1 may include TRN 4 - TRN 7; TRN Unit L-l may include TRN 8 - TRN 11; and TRN Unit L may include TRN 12 - TRN 15.
  • a group index identifying the M TRN Units 272 as a TRN Group may allow devices to communicate which AWV was best for transmissions.
  • a device determines that AWV 0 (e.g., an AWV associated with TRN Unit 0) is best based on calculations performed using an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet, then a group index associated with TRN Unit 0 may be communicated between devices.
  • AWV 0 e.g., an AWV associated with TRN Unit 0
  • a group index associated with TRN Unit 0 may be communicated between devices.
  • TRN Groups e.g., Group NO 302, Group Nl 304, Group N2 306, and Group N3 308 of FIG. 3A; Group CO 266 - Group Ck 268 of FIG. 3B
  • TRN-T group index may refer to Group NO 302 of FIG. 3A, Group CO 266 of FIG. 3B, and so on.
  • Feedback for transmit beamforming procedures may be defined by an index of a TRN-T field.
  • a BS-FBCK feedback field may indicate an index of the TRN-T field received with the best quality in a last received EDMG BRP packet.
  • the first TRN-T field may be defined as having an index value of 0 or 1.
  • TRN-T fields may be desirable to not index TRN-T fields by the order in which they are transmitted (e.g., when using an EDMG BRP-TX packet with N greater than 1 and/or an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet).
  • a group of TRN sub-fields may be transmitted with a common AWV, and more than one TRN sub-field may be processed to obtain a single measurement. Referring to FIG.
  • the device may want to communicate the best AWV to the device which sent the EDMG BPR-TX packet, but may have to determine whether to send an index value corresponding to TRN 6 or TRN 7 when both sub-fields correspond to the AWV.
  • Enhanced indexing may be used to improve the indexing and feedback processes.
  • enhanced indexing for training sub-fields may use the following approach.
  • a TRN-T group may be defined as training sub-fields which are transmitted using a common AWV (e.g., Group NO 302 of FIG. 3A).
  • the device may refer to an index of the best TRN- T group (e.g., Group NO 302 of FIG. 3A) rather than an index referring to an individual training sub-field.
  • Such enhanced indexing and feedback may be possible because of an unambiguous mapping between a training sub-field index and a corresponding TRN-T group index for a given EDMG BRP packet configuration.
  • the BS-FBCK field may be used to indicate an index of a TRNT-T group received with the best quality in a last received EDMG BRP packet.
  • consecutive training sub- fields may be transmitted using a same AWV if a value of N (e.g., N sub-field of FIG. IB) in an EDMG-Header-A field (e.g., EDMG- Header- A field 158 of FIG. IB) is greater than zero.
  • N e.g., N sub-field of FIG. IB
  • EDMG-Header-A field e.g., EDMG- Header- A field 158 of FIG. IB
  • consecutive TRN Units may be transmitted with a same AWV. Training Units transmitted with a same AWV may be referred to as a TRN-T group.
  • a TRN-T group with index g may be defined as a (g+l)-th TRN- T group transmitted in a TRN field of an EDMG BRP packet.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a training field format 400 for an enhanced BRP packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an enhanced BRP packet may include one or more training groups (e.g., TRN Group 0-TRN Group 7).
  • Each TRN Group may include one or more training sub-fields (e.g., TRN 0-TRN 15).
  • training field format 400 may allow for the use of different AWVs in a transmission of a TRN Unit in an enhanced BRP packet.
  • the N value may not be reserved, and may be 1 while C may be 2.
  • C may be 2.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a training field format 450 for an enhanced BRP packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an enhanced BRP packet may include one or more training groups (e.g., TRN Group 0-TRN Group 3). Each TRN Group may include one or more training sub-fields (e.g., TRN 0-TRN 15).
  • training field format 450 may allow for the use of different AWVs in a transmission of a TRN Unit in an enhanced BRP packet.
  • the N value may not be reserved, and may be 2 while C may be 2.
  • each TRN Group may include two TRN sub-fields (e.g., TRN Group 0 may include TRN 0 and TRN 1).
  • M A number of TRN sub-fields in a given TRN unit used for beamforming training.
  • the value of M may be indicated by an EDMG TRN-Unit M field/value in an EDMG-Header- A of an EDMG BRP, plus one.
  • N A number of consecutive TRN sub-fields within a given TRN unit, which may be transmitted with a same AWV.
  • N may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 as indicated by an EDMG TRN- Unit M field/value and/or an EDMG TRN-Unit N field/value in an EDMG-Header-A of an EDMG BRP.
  • consecutive TRN sub-fields for one AWV better calculations may be performed. For example, noise may be averaged over multiple TRN sub-fields for a common AWV to allow for better channel estimations.
  • C A number of consecutive TRN units which may be transmitted with a same AWV. C may be equal to the value of the RX TRN units per each TX TRN unit field in an EDMG-Header-A of an EDMG BRP, plus one.
  • TRN field of an EDMG PPDU e.g., a TRN sub-field sequence length field
  • M, N, C, and L may be sufficient for defining feedback for transmit beamforming flows.
  • EDMG BRP with C greater than one may be referred to as an EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 500 for indexing for enhanced indexing of training sub-fields, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more processors of a device may determine a first grouping of first training sub-fields of a training field of an EDMG BRP packet comprising the training field and a header, the first training sub-fields associated with a first group index.
  • the first group index may be associated with a first AWV.
  • the first group index may be included or indicated by the EDMG-Header-A of the EDMG BRP packet (e.g., EDMG- Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB).
  • the first group index may be associated with a data field (e.g., data field 166 of FIG. IB).
  • one or more processors of the device may determine a second grouping of second training sub-fields of the training field, the second training sub-fields associated with a second group index.
  • the second group index is associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV.
  • the second group index may be included or indicated by the EDMG-Header-A of the EDMG BRP packet (e.g., EDMG-Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB).
  • one or more processors of the device may encode the EDMG BRP packet with the first grouping, the second grouping, the first group index, and the second group index.
  • one or more processors of the device may cause the device to send the EDMG BRP packet.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 550 for indexing for enhanced indexing of training sub-fields, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more processors of a device may identify a first EDMG BRP packet received from a second device, and the EDMG BRP packet may include a header and a training field.
  • one or more processors of the device may determine a first grouping of first training sub-fields of the training field, and the first training sub-fields may be associated with a first group index.
  • the first group index may be associated with a first AWV.
  • the first group index may be included or indicated by the EDMG-Header-A of the EDMG BRP packet (e.g., EDMG-Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB).
  • the first group index may be associated with a data field (e.g., data field 166 of FIG. IB).
  • one or more processors of the device may determine a second grouping of second training sub-fields of the training field, and the second training sub-fields may be associated with a second group index
  • the second group index may be associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV.
  • the second group index may be associated with a first AWV.
  • the first group index may be included or indicated by the EDMG-Header-A of the EDMG BRP packet (e.g., EDMG-Header-A field 158 of FIG. IB).
  • one or more processors of the device may determine a best AWV from among the first AWV and the second AWV.
  • the best AWV may be any AWV used to transmit any group of training sub-fields in the EDMG BRP packet.
  • one or more processors of the device may cause the device to send a second EDMG BRP packet with a third indication of a group index from among the first group index and the second group index.
  • the group index may be associated with the best AWV.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a functional diagram of an example communication station 600 that may be suitable for use as a user device.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1 A) or user device 120 (FIG. 1A) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication station 600 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • HDR high data rate
  • PCS personal communication system
  • the communication station 600 may include communications circuitry 602 and a transceiver 610 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 601.
  • the transceiver 610 may be a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver that are combined and share common circuitry (e.g., communication circuitry 602).
  • the communication circuitry 602 may include amplifiers, filters, mixers, analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters.
  • the transceiver 610 may transmit and receive analog or digital signals.
  • the transceiver 610 may allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full-duplex, and may require the transmitter and receiver to operate on different frequencies to minimize interference between the transmitted signal and the received signal.
  • the transceiver 610 may operate in a half-duplex mode, where the transceiver 610 may transmit or receive signals in one direction at a time.
  • the communications circuitry 602 and the processing circuitry 606 may be configured to perform operations detailed in FIGs. 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 4 A, 4B, 5 A, and 5B.
  • the communications circuitry 602 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium.
  • the communications circuitry 602 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals.
  • the communications circuitry 602 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 606 of the communication station 600 may include one or more processors.
  • two or more antennas 601 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 602 arranged for sending and receiving signals.
  • the memory 608 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 606 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein.
  • the memory 608 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • the memory 608 may include a computer-readable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random- access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 600 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • the communication station 600 may include one or more antennas 601.
  • the antennas 601 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
  • each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
  • the communication station 600 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements.
  • the display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
  • the communication station 600 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field- programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio- frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements of the communication station 600 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
  • a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 600 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 700 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed.
  • the machine 700 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 700 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 700 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 700 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • STB set-top box
  • mobile telephone a wearable computer device
  • web appliance e.g., a web appliance
  • network router e.g., a network router, a switch or bridge
  • any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine such as a base station.
  • the term "machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (Saa
  • Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
  • a module includes hardware.
  • the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
  • the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operating.
  • the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
  • the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.
  • the machine 700 may include a hardware processor 702 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 704 and a static memory 706, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 708.
  • the machine 700 may further include a power management device 732, a graphics display device 710, an alphanumeric input device 712 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 714 (e.g., a mouse).
  • the graphics display device 710, alphanumeric input device 712, and UI navigation device 714 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 700 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 716, a signal generation device 718 (e.g., a speaker), an enhanced training field device 719, a network interface device/transceiver 720 coupled to antenna(s) 730, and one or more sensors 728, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 700 may include an output controller 734, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • IR infrared
  • NFC near field communication
  • the storage device 716 may include a machine readable medium 722 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 724 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 724 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 704, within the static memory 706, or within the hardware processor 702 during execution thereof by the machine 700.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 702, the main memory 704, the static memory 706, or the storage device 716 may constitute machine-readable media.
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., process 500 of FIG. 5A and process 550 of FIG. 5B) described and shown above.
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may determine a first grouping of first training sub-fields of a training field of an enhanced directional multi- gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet comprising the training field and a header, the first training sub-fields associated with a first group index, wherein the first group index is associated with a first antenna weight vector (AWV); determine a second grouping of second training sub-fields of the training field, the second training sub-fields associated with a second group index, wherein the second group index is associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV; encode the EDMG BRP packet with the first grouping, the second grouping, the first group index, and the second group index; and cause to send the EDMG BRP packet.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi- gigabit
  • BRP beam refinement protocol
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may determine a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may determine a first grouping of first training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second grouping of second training sub-fields, wherein the header comprises an indication of a first number of the training units associated the second AWV, and wherein to cause to send the EDMG BRP packet comprises the memory and processing circuitry being further configured to send the EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet with the first grouping of training units and the indication.
  • the enhanced training field device may determine a second grouping of second training units of the training field, a first training unit of the second training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and a third grouping of training sub-fields associated with a third AWV different from the first AWV and the second AWV, and wherein to cause to send the EDMG BRP packet comprises the memory and processing circuitry being further configured to send the EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet with the second grouping of training units.
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may determine a number of training units associated with a length of the training field, wherein to encode the EDMG BRP comprises the memory and processing circuitry being further configured to encode an indication of the number of training units associated with the length of the training field.
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may identify a second EDMG BRP packet received from a second device, the second EDMG BRP packet comprising an indication of a best AWV from among the first AWV and the second AWV.
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may identify, at a first device, a first enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet received from a second device, the EDMG BRP packet comprising a header and a training field; determine a first grouping of first training sub-fields of the training field, the first training sub-fields associated with a first group index, wherein the first group index is associated with a first antenna weight vector (AWV); determine a second grouping of second training sub- fields of the training field, the second training sub-fields associated with a second group index, wherein the second group index is associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV; determine a best AWV from among the first AWV and the second AWV; and cause to send to the second device a second EDMG BRP packet with a third indication of a group index from among the first group index and the second group index, wherein the group index is associated with the best AW
  • AWV antenna weight vector
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may determine a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • the enhanced training field device 719 may determine a first grouping of training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second grouping of second training sub-fields, wherein the header comprises an indication of a first number of the training units associated the second AWV.
  • machine -readable medium 722 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 724.
  • machine-readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 724.
  • Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.
  • machine-readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 800 and that cause the machine 700 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non- limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media.
  • a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine -readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass.
  • massed machine -readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.
  • semiconductor memory devices e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
  • EPROM electrically programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the instructions 724 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 726 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 820 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 720 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 726.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 720 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple- output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 700 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
  • the operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.
  • the word "exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
  • the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • the device may be either mobile or stationary.
  • the term "communicate” is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
  • the term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • the term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station.
  • An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio- video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (W
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP wireless application protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDM A), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi- tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra- wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3 GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced
  • Example 1 may include a device, the device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to: determine a first grouping of first training sub-fields of a training field of an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet comprising the training field and a header, the first training sub-fields associated with a first group index, wherein the first group index is associated with a first antenna weight vector (AWV); determine a second grouping of second training sub-fields of the training field, the second training sub-fields associated with a second group index, wherein the second group index is associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV; encode the EDMG BRP packet with the first grouping, the second grouping, the first group index, and the second group index; and cause to send the EDMG BRP packet.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam refinement protocol
  • Example 2 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index and the second group index are based at least on the header.
  • Example 3 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index is associated with a data field of the EDMG BRP packet.
  • Example 4 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet, and wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to determine a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet
  • the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to determine a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • Example 5 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP receive/transmit (EDMG BRP-RX/TX) packet, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to determine a first grouping of first training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second grouping of second training sub-fields, wherein the header comprises an indication of a first number of the training units associated the second AWV, and wherein to cause to send the EDMG BRP packet comprises the memory and processing circuitry being further configured to send the EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet with the first grouping of training units and the indication.
  • the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP receive/transmit (EDMG BRP-RX/TX) packet
  • the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to determine a first grouping of first training units of the training field, a first training unit
  • Example 6 may include the device of example 5 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to determine a second grouping of second training units of the training field, a first training unit of the second training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and a third grouping of training sub-fields associated with a third AWV different from the first AWV and the second AWV, and wherein to cause to send the EDMG BRP packet comprises the memory and processing circuitry being further configured to send the EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet with the second grouping of training units.
  • Example 7 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to determine a number of training units associated with a length of the training field, wherein to encode the EDMG BRP comprises the memory and processing circuitry being further configured to encode an indication of the number of training units associated with the length of the training field.
  • Example 8 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to identify a second EDMG BRP packet received from a second device, the second EDMG BRP packet comprising an indication of a best AWV from among the first AWV and the second AWV.
  • Example 9 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to send and receive wireless signals.
  • Example 10 may include the device of example 9 and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.
  • Example 11 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising: identifying, at a first device, a first enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet received from a second device, the EDMG BRP packet comprising a header and a training field; determining a first grouping of first training sub-fields of the training field, the first training sub-fields associated with a first group index, wherein the first group index is associated with a first antenna weight vector (AWV); determining a second grouping of second training sub-fields of the training field, the second training sub-fields associated with a second group index, wherein the second group index is associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV; determining a best AWV from among the first AWV and the second AWV; and causing to send to the second device a second EDMG BRP packet with a third
  • Example 12 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index and the second group index are based at least on the header.
  • Example 13 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index is associated with a data field of the EDMG BRP packet.
  • Example 14 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet, the operations further comprising determining a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet, the operations further comprising determining a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP receive/transmit (EDMG BRP-RX/TX) packet, the operations further comprising determining a first grouping of training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second grouping of second training sub-fields, wherein the header comprises an indication of a first number of the training units associated the second AWV.
  • the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP receive/transmit (EDMG BRP-RX/TX) packet
  • the operations further comprising determining a first grouping of training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second grouping of second training sub-fields
  • the header comprises an indication of a first number of the training units associated the second AWV.
  • Example 16 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 15 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second grouping of second training sub- fields comprises a number of the second training sub-fields indicated by the header.
  • Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first grouping of the first training sub-fields comprises a number of the first training sub-fields indicated by the header.
  • Example 18 may include a method comprising: determining, by one or more processors of a device, a first grouping of first training sub-fields of a training field of an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet comprising the training field and a header, the first training sub-fields associated with a first group index, wherein the first group index is associated with a first antenna weight vector (AWV); determining a second grouping of second training sub-fields of the training field, the second training sub-fields associated with a second group index, wherein the second group index is associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV; encoding the EDMG BRP packet with the first grouping, the second grouping, the first group index, and the second group index; and causing to send the EDMG BRP packet.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam refinement protocol
  • Example 19 may include the method of example 18 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index and the second group index are based at least on the header.
  • Example 20 may include the method of example 18 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index is associated with a data field of the EDMG BRP packet.
  • Example 21 may include the method of example 18 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet, further comprising determining a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet, further comprising determining a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • Example 22 may include the method of example 18 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP receive/transmit (EDMG BRP- RX/TX) packet, further comprising determining a first grouping of first training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second grouping of second training sub-fields, wherein the header comprises an indication of a first number of the training units associated the second AWV, and wherein causing to send the EDMG BRP packet comprises causing to send the EDMG BRP- RX/TX packet with the first grouping of training units and the indication.
  • the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP receive/transmit (EDMG BRP- RX/TX) packet, further comprising determining a first grouping of first training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second group
  • Example 23 may include the method of example 22 and/or some other example herein, further comprising determining a second grouping of second training units of the training field, a first training unit of the second training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and a third grouping of training sub-fields associated with a third AWV different from the first AWV and the second AWV, and wherein causing to send the EDMG BRP packet comprises causing to send the EDMG BRP-RX/TX packet with the second grouping of training units.
  • Example 24 may include the method of example 18 and/or some other example herein, further comprising determining a number of training units associated with a length of the training field, wherein encoding the EDMG BRP comprises encoding an indication of the number of training units associated with the length of the training field.
  • Example 25 may include the method of example 18 and/or some other example herein, further comprising identifying a second EDMG BRP packet received from a second device, the second EDMG BRP packet comprising an indication of a best AWV from among the first AWV and the second AWV.
  • Example 26 may include an apparatus comprising: means for identifying, at a first device, a first enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet received from a second device, the EDMG BRP packet comprising a header and a training field; means for determining a first grouping of first training sub-fields of the training field, the first training sub-fields associated with a first group index, wherein the first group index is associated with a first antenna weight vector (AWV); means for determining a second grouping of second training sub-fields of the training field, the second training sub-fields associated with a second group index, wherein the second group index is associated with a second AWV different from the first AWV; means for determining a best AWV from among the first AWV and the second AWV; and means for causing to send to the second device a second EDMG BRP packet with a third indication of a group index from among the first group index and the second group index, wherein
  • Example 27 may include the apparatus of example 26 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index and the second group index are based at least on the header.
  • Example 28 may include the apparatus of example 26 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first group index is associated with a data field of the EDMG BRP packet.
  • Example 29 may include the apparatus of example 26 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet, the operations further comprising determining a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP transmit (EDMG BRP-TX) packet, the operations further comprising determining a third grouping of third training sub-fields.
  • Example 30 may include the apparatus of example 26 and/or some other example herein, wherein the EDMG BRP packet is an EDMG BRP receive/transmit (EDMG BRP- RX/TX) packet, the operations further comprising determining a first grouping of training units of the training field, a first training unit of the first training units comprising the first grouping of first training sub-fields and the second grouping of second training sub-fields, wherein the header comprises an indication of a first number of the training units associated the second AWV.
  • Example 31 may include the apparatus of example 26 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second grouping of second training sub-fields comprises a number of the second training sub-fields indicated by the header.
  • Example 32 may include the apparatus of example 26 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first grouping of the first training sub-fields comprises a number of the first training sub-fields indicated by the header.
  • Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well.
  • the dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.
  • These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés, des appareils et des systèmes relatifs à l'indexation pour l'apprentissage de formation de faisceau amélioré. Un dispositif peut déterminer un premier regroupement de premiers sous-champs d'apprentissage d'un champ d'apprentissage d'un paquet de protocole d'affinement de faisceau (BRP) multi-gigabit directionnel amélioré (EDMG). Le dispositif peut déterminer un deuxième regroupement de deuxièmes sous-champs d'apprentissage du champ d'apprentissage. Le dispositif peut coder le paquet BRP EDMG. Le dispositif peut envoyer le paquet BRP EDMG.
PCT/US2018/025318 2017-04-13 2018-03-30 Indexation de sous-champs d'apprentissage améliorée pour communications sans fil WO2018191033A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762485193P 2017-04-13 2017-04-13
US62/485,193 2017-04-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018191033A1 true WO2018191033A1 (fr) 2018-10-18

Family

ID=63793711

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2018/025318 WO2018191033A1 (fr) 2017-04-13 2018-03-30 Indexation de sous-champs d'apprentissage améliorée pour communications sans fil

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018191033A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10659974B2 (en) * 2017-07-12 2020-05-19 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for transmitting and receiving signal in wireless LAN system, and apparatus therefor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160249332A1 (en) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-25 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and Method for Auto-Detection of WLAN Packets Using Header
US20170078008A1 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-16 Assaf Kasher Enhanced beamforming training in a wireless local area networks

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160249332A1 (en) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-25 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and Method for Auto-Detection of WLAN Packets Using Header
US20170078008A1 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-16 Assaf Kasher Enhanced beamforming training in a wireless local area networks

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ASSAF KASHER: "Beamforming Training proposals", IEEE 802.11-16/0103R0, 18 January 2016 (2016-01-18), XP055553134 *
CARLOS CORDEIRO ET AL.: "MU MIMO beamforming protocol proposal", IEEE 802.11-16/1365R0, 2 November 2016 (2016-11-02), XP055553143 *
CLAUDIO DA SILVA ET AL.: "Training Field Structure Definition", IEEE 802.11-17/0007RL, 16 January 2017 (2017-01-16), XP055553128 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10659974B2 (en) * 2017-07-12 2020-05-19 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for transmitting and receiving signal in wireless LAN system, and apparatus therefor
US10993125B2 (en) 2017-07-12 2021-04-27 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for transmitting and receiving signal in wireless LAN system, and apparatus therefor

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10461817B2 (en) Enhanced multiple-input multiple-output beam refinement protocol transmit sector sweep
US11158132B2 (en) Media access control range extension
US11374797B2 (en) Enhanced channel sounding
US10587442B2 (en) Enhanced multiple input multiple output preamble frame
US10342047B2 (en) Reverse direction for multi-user multiple input multiple output communications
US11082985B2 (en) Bandwidth and primary channel indication
US20210211326A1 (en) Enhanced trigger-based null data packet for channel sounding
US20170295595A1 (en) Directional enhanced distributed channel access with interference avoidance
US10972157B2 (en) Multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output setup frame
WO2019014264A1 (fr) Format de trame amélioré pour communications sans fil par canal de 2,16 ghz mono-utilisateur
US20190045453A1 (en) Transmit power control
US10284275B2 (en) Single user and multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output beamforming
WO2018063736A1 (fr) Phases synchronisées et non synchronisées pour antennes sectorisées
US20180324600A1 (en) Analog beamforming for wi-fi devices
WO2018194723A1 (fr) Trames de déclenchement améliorées pour communications sans fil
WO2019010355A1 (fr) Définition d'unité de formation multi-gigabit directionnelle améliorée
WO2018191033A1 (fr) Indexation de sous-champs d'apprentissage améliorée pour communications sans fil
WO2018084901A1 (fr) Formation de faisceau de balayage de niveau de secteur amélioré
WO2018144156A2 (fr) Capacités multi-gigabits directionnelles améliorées et éléments d'exploitation
WO2018231719A1 (fr) Type de trame de déclenchement améliorée pour une communication sans fil
WO2018208328A1 (fr) Apprentissage amélioré de formation de faisceau pour communications sans fil
WO2018231727A1 (fr) Mesures de localisation améliorées pour communication sans fil
WO2018190916A1 (fr) Résolution de collision efficace dans une formation de faisceau par balayage de niveau sectoriel améliorée
WO2024005796A1 (fr) Paquet de données nulles amélioré pour un entraînement à une formation de faisceau de base dans des blocs de 60 ghz
WO2019010372A1 (fr) Signalisation améliorée de fréquences de canal multi-gigabit directionnel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18784879

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18784879

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1