WO2018190916A1 - Résolution de collision efficace dans une formation de faisceau par balayage de niveau sectoriel améliorée - Google Patents

Résolution de collision efficace dans une formation de faisceau par balayage de niveau sectoriel améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018190916A1
WO2018190916A1 PCT/US2017/068321 US2017068321W WO2018190916A1 WO 2018190916 A1 WO2018190916 A1 WO 2018190916A1 US 2017068321 W US2017068321 W US 2017068321W WO 2018190916 A1 WO2018190916 A1 WO 2018190916A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sector
beamforming
interval
space time
during
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PCT/US2017/068321
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Maltsev
Andrey Pudeyev
Ilya BOLOTIN
Solomon Trainin
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Intel Corporation
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Publication of WO2018190916A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018190916A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, to effective collision resolution in enhanced sector level sweep (SLS) beamforming.
  • SLS sector level sweep
  • a wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may provide high-speed data access for users of wireless communication devices.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a network diagram illustrating an example network environment of an illustrative effective collision resolution in enhanced sector level sweep (SLS) beamforming, according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • SLS sector level sweep
  • FIG. 2 A depicts an illustrative schematic diagram of an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative schematic diagram of an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4A depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for an illustrative effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for an illustrative effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a functional diagram of an example communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices for single user (SU) and multiuser (MU) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming protocol for Wi-Fi devices in various Wi-Fi networks, including, but not limited to, IEEE 802.11 ay.
  • SU single user
  • MU multiuser
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • one or more frames may be sent and received. These frames may include one or more fields (or symbols) that may be based on IEEE 802.11 specifications, including, but not limited to, an IEEE 802. Had specification or an IEEE 802.1 lay specification.
  • Devices may operate in multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology. It is understood that MIMO facilitates multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit multipath propagation. MIMO provides a practical technique for sending and receiving more than one data signal on the same radio channel at the same time via multipath propagation.
  • MU-MIMO multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output
  • MU-MIMO provides a means for wireless devices to communicate with each other using multiple antennas such that the wireless devices may transmit at the same time and frequency and still be separated by their spatial signatures.
  • an access point AP
  • An AP operating in MU-MIMO and in a 60 GHz frequency band may utilize an MU-MIMO frame to communicate with devices serviced by that AP.
  • Task Group ay (TGay) is currently developing an amendment that will define modifications to the IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC to enable stations (STAs) operating in the license-exempt bands above 45 GHz to have a maximum throughput of at least 20 Gbps.
  • SLS Sector level sweep
  • PBSS personal basic service set
  • PCP/AP control point/access point
  • IEEE 802.1 lay proposes a variety of new use cases and corresponding channel scenarios to be supported in the future standard. Some new scenarios, such as street canyon and open area, require communications between the access point (AP) and used station (STA) at distances up to 100-200m.
  • the PCP/AP and the STA perform antenna training alternatively with the receiver's antenna pattern configured to quasi-omni mode. Since the PCP/AP may have large array(s) and transmission power, a distant STA might be able to detect the A directional multi-gigabit (DMG) beacon frame sent in a directional mode from the PCP/AP. However, if the STA is equipped with a much smaller array, it may not be able to send a response that will be detected by the AP/PCP in a quasi-omni mode. This limits the range of the AP-STA communication to the values far below the new IEEE 802.11 ay requirements.
  • DMG multi-gigabit
  • the STAs can be located closely to each other, covered by the same AP's sector beam, or simply be on the same direction from the AP at different distances.
  • the collision is possible within a timeslot designated to the specific sector in directional association beamforming training (A-BFT) or beamforming service period (SP) in data transmission interval (DTI).
  • A-BFT directional association beamforming training
  • SP beamforming service period
  • DTI data transmission interval
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming.
  • one or more devices may be configured to communicate an SU or an MU-MIMO frame, for example, over a 60 GHz frequency band.
  • the one or more devices may be configured to communicate in a mixed environment such that one or more legacy devices are able to communicate with one or more non-legacy devices. That is, devices following one or more IEEE 802.11 specifications may communicate with each other regardless of which IEEE 802.11 specification is followed.
  • a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 Gigabit per second, e.g., 7 Gigabits per second, or any other rate.
  • An amendment to a DMG operation in a 60 GHz band, e.g., according to an IEEE 802. Had standard, may be defined, for example, by an IEEE 802. Hay project.
  • one or more devices may be configured to communicate over a next generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an extended DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network.
  • NG60 next generation 60 GHz
  • EDMG extended DMG
  • the one or more devices may be configured to communicate over the NG60 or EDMG networks.
  • one or more devices may be configured to support the one or more mechanisms and/or features in a backwards compatible manner, for example, in a manner which may be compatible with one or more devices (“legacy devices"), which may not support these mechanisms and/or features, for example, one or more non- EDMG devices (e.g., devices configured according to an IEEE 802. Had standard), and the like.
  • legacy devices e.g., devices configured according to an IEEE 802. Had standard
  • a legacy device for example, a DMG device
  • a DMG device may include, may comply with, and/ or may be configured according to, a first specification, for example, an IEEE 802.1 lad specification
  • a non- legacy device for example, an EDMG device
  • a second specification for example, an IEEE 802.11 ay specification
  • BTI beacon transmission interval
  • A-BFT association beamforming training
  • DTI data transmission interval
  • an effective collision resolution in an enhanced SLS beamforming system may facilitate that in an enhanced sector- level sweep (SLS) beamforming system there are two important parts.
  • the first part is the BTI, where there are one or more transmit sector sweeps (SSW-TXs), where multiple DMG beacon frames are transmitted in different sectors associated with different directions from the AP to an STA.
  • SSW-TXs transmit sector sweeps
  • These multiple DMG beacon frames are the same DMG beacon frames that are transmitted on different sectors.
  • Training fields may be appended to each of these DMG beacon frames at the end of each DMG beacon frame. These training fields are used by the receiving STA. In that sense, after the BTI, the STAs will know the best sector to be used for the station from the point of view of the AP.
  • each STA would know the best AP transmit (TX) sector and would know the best STA receive (RX) sector.
  • the second part is the portion of the DTI referred to as a beamforming service period (SP) or any other name indicating a period where the AP is listening during one or more space time slots in a particular sector or one or more sectors of an antenna on the AP.
  • SP beamforming service period
  • the AP will be listening in a directional mode.
  • the STA would know when the AP will be listening in a particular direction.
  • Antenna pattern reciprocity is also assumed, where if the STA knows the AP's best TX sector, it will also know the AP's listening opportunity in best RX sector.
  • the STA should transmit its response at the time when the AP will be listening on sector ID 1.
  • other STAs may also transmit during that sector ID, which may result in collisions. For example, if there are an increased number of STAs in one sector, the probability of collisions may increase. For example, if there are four time slots in one sector, but there are 10 STAs sending their packets during that sector, then the probability of collision may be high.
  • an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may facilitate that the AP may also allocate additional time slots for directional listening purposes. After transmitting its packets in a certain direction, the STA may then enter into a listening mode in order to receive a sector acknowledgment from the AP in that same direction. The AP would then transmit a sector acknowledgment corresponding to each of the time slots and directions during which the AP received the packets from each of the STAs.
  • the sector acknowledgment contains IDs of all discovered STAs. Therefore, all STAs that were detected by the AP, meaning that they did not have collisions, are included in the sector acknowledgment. All other STAs that were part of the collisions would not find their IDs included in the sector acknowledgment. The AP would not know about the STA process that had collisions, because it only has information about the STAs that did not have collisions.
  • an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may facilitate that STAs that did not identify their IDs in the sector acknowledgment sent by the AP may determine that collisions have occurred. Therefore, they have not completely completed the beamforming training, and should attempt to perform directional the CBAP/SP in order to contact the AP. Similarly, during that time, the STAs may be listening in the same direction they transmitted their packets to the AP. During the the CBAP/SP of the DTI, the AP may determine one or more allocations for one or more sectors. However, the allocated CBAP/SP may not be in the same sector as the STAs that were involved in collisions.
  • the information of which sector will be allocated in the CBAP/SB may be included in the one or more beacon frames during the BTI interval. If the STA fails to negotiate because the AP allocated a different sector during the CBAP/SP then the sector of the STA would try to negotiate with the AP in the next beamforming SP.
  • an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may facilitate that an extended schedule element (e.g., EDMG or DMG extended schedule element) may contain one or more allocations if the AP determines that it needs to add additional allocations during the directional allocations.
  • the extended schedule element may contain information about one or more sector allocations in the directional allocation period of DTI.
  • the AP may determine whether to have directional allocations or not based on implementation.
  • the AP may determine to increase the amount of resources in the beamforming SP period of the DTI. For example, the AP may increase the number of space time slots in the next beamforming SP period of a next DTI based on information from the current beamforming SP period of a current DTI. For example, in the case of collisions during a current beamforming SP part of the DTI, the AP may learn from that and tries to prevent additional collisions in the next DTI. For example, if there are many collisions during a current beamforming SP period, the AP may increase the number of space time slots in the next beamforming SP period.
  • the AP may allocate a larger number than four space time slots in sector 0 in the next beamforming SP.
  • this is not limited to collisions.
  • the AP may decide and determine to increase the number of space time slots in a next beamforming SP of a next DTI. In that sense, the number of space time slots may be variable for different directions for different sectors based on usage and collisions.
  • This information may be sent in the BTI period in each of the multiple beacon frames.
  • Each of the beacons will have information about the start time for listening on a corresponding sector. There will sector specific fields in each of the beacon frames.
  • an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may provide an enhanced beamforming flow based on the directional transmission and directional reception both for an access point (AP) and a station device (STA).
  • AP access point
  • STA station device
  • two options may be possible, one for introducing a directional A-BFT or a beamforming SP in the DTI.
  • This directional transmission solves two important issues, namely, the STA's range extension and synchronization collision avoidance by using spatial (angular) STA separation.
  • an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may facilitate a new method for EDMG STA collision resolution and avoidance for the enhanced SLS beamforming flow described above.
  • the collision resolution and avoidance may introduce an information element (IE), which is included in the sector acknowledgment frame (broadcasted by the AP to each sector where the STAs were discovered or even energy detection took place), and specifies the IDs of the STAs that were already identified by the AP.
  • IE information element
  • the present invention specifies the behavior of the EDMG STA after the reception of a sector acknowledgment frame. All non-associated STAs in a given sector may continue the negotiation process in the next available period with directional AP RX: the directional CBAP/SP or the next directional A-BFT/beamforming SP.
  • an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may also introduce the solution for the AP to adaptively increase the amount of resources (space time slots) in the crowded sector at the expense of the time slots in the desolate sectors.
  • the legacy 802.1 lad approach to beamforming is based on the omni-directional reception of the STA response (when the STA performs R-TXSS) and the introduction of the multiple time SS (Sector Sweep) slots with random access of all STAs for collision avoidance.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may be based on the STA to AP directional transmission and reception in special directional A-BFT or beamforming SP periods, where the STAs are separated at the AP by the angles of arrival (sectors) and, additionally, by the introduction of a few time slots to resolve collisions within each sector.
  • This may allow more efficient STA to AP communication with a range extension of up to hundreds of meters, but the process of collision resolution inside of each sector in crowded hotspots may not be optimized.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may introduce additional adaptive capabilities for the EDMG AP and STAs for efficient collision resolution in the case of crowded hotspot scenarios.
  • the process of beamforming and AP-STA negotiation may become faster and less chaotic, allowing the resolution of collisions between many closely spaced STAs even if they are located in a faraway zone and can be reached only through the STA-AP directional transmission and reception.
  • FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless network 100 may include one or more user device(s) 120 and one or more access point(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards, such as the IEEE 802.1 lad and/or IEEE 802.1 lay specifications.
  • the user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non- stationary and do not have fixed locations.
  • the user device(s) 120 and the AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 5 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 6.
  • One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 110. It should be noted that any addressable unit may be a station (STA). An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of- service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be STAs.
  • STA station
  • An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of- service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA.
  • QoS quality-of- service
  • the one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be
  • the one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may operate as a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP).
  • PBSS personal basic service set
  • PCP/AP control point/access point
  • the user device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.
  • user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may include, for example, a DMG device, an EDMG device, a UE, an MD, a station (STA), an access point (AP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device,
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
  • Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks.
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs).
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • coaxial cable twisted-pair wire
  • optical fiber a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium
  • microwave terrestrial transceivers microwave terrestrial transceivers
  • radio frequency communication mediums white space communication mediums
  • ultra-high frequency communication mediums satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may include one or more communications antennae.
  • Communications antenna may be any suitable type of antenna corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 124 and 128), and AP 102.
  • suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non- directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, or the like.
  • the communications antenna may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user device(s) 120.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 to communicate with each other.
  • the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
  • the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.
  • the radio component in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11b, 802. l lg, 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lax), 5 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11 ⁇ , 802.11ac, 802.11ax), or 60 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11ad).
  • non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications.
  • the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
  • the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • A/D analog-to-digital converter
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60 GHz.
  • other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an extremely high frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20 GHz and 30 0GHz, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • mmWave millimeter wave
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • DBand directional band
  • DMG communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 gigabit per second, e.g., 7 gigabits per second, or any other rate.
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more specifications, for example, including, one or more IEEE 802.11 specifications, e.g., an IEEE 802.11 ad specification, an IEEE 802.1 lay specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • IEEE 802.11 specifications e.g., an IEEE 802.11 ad specification, an IEEE 802.1 lay specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • an amendment to a DMG operation in the 60 GHz band e.g., according to an IEEE 802.1 lad standard, may be defined, for example, by an IEEE 802.11 ay project.
  • Some communications over a wireless communication band may be performed over a single channel bandwidth (BW).
  • BW channel bandwidth
  • the IEEE 802.1 lad specification defines a 60 GHz system with a single channel bandwidth (BW) of 2.16 GHz, which is to be used by all stations (STAs) for both transmission and reception.
  • devices 102 and/or 120 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may, for example, be able to extend a single- channel BW scheme, e.g., according to the IEEE 802. Had specification, for higher data rates and/or increased capabilities.
  • Some specifications may be configured to support a single user (SU) system, in which an STA cannot transmit frames to more than a single STA at a time. Such specifications may not be able, for example, to support an STA transmitting to multiple STAs simultaneously, for example, using a multi-user (MU) multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) (MU-MIMO) scheme, e.g., a downlink (DL) MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.
  • MU multi-user
  • MIMO multiple- input multiple-output
  • DL downlink
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to implement one or more MU mechanisms.
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to implement one or more MU mechanisms, which may be configured to enable MU communication of DL frames using an MIMO)scheme, for example, between a device, e.g., the AP 102, and a plurality of user devices, e.g., including user device(s) 120 and/or one or more other devices.
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an Extended DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network.
  • NG60 Next Generation 60 GHz
  • EDMG Extended DMG
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to communicate MIMO, e.g., DL MU-MIMO, transmissions and/or use channel bonding for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks.
  • MIMO e.g., DL MU-MIMO
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 may be configured to support one or more mechanisms and/or features, for example, channel bonding, single user (SU) MIMO, and/or MU-MIMO, in accordance with an EDMG standard, an IEEE 802.1 lay standard and/or any other standard and/or protocol.
  • SU single user
  • MU-MIMO MU-MIMO
  • an initiator e.g., the AP 102
  • responders e.g., non-AP STAs, such as the user devices 120.
  • the AP 102 may need to perform beamforming training with the user device 124 and the user device 128 in order to determine beams 104 and 106 that the AP 102 and the user device 124 and the user device 128 may use during communication, respectively. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 2A depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 200 of an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the beamforming training intervals include a beacon transmission interval (BTI) 231, a legacy association beamforming training (A-BFT), which is included in the A-BFT 232, and a data transmission interval (DTI) 233. Since these are intervals, the next BTI may be BTI 234, the next A-BFT is A-BFT 235 and the next DTI is DTI 236.
  • BTI beacon transmission interval
  • A-BFT legacy association beamforming training
  • DTI data transmission interval
  • the user device may attempt to successfully negotiate with the AP during the BTI 234, the A-BFT 235, and the DTI 236.
  • the AP 202 may an initiator device that may perform a transmit and initiator sector sweep (I-TXSS) during the BTI interval by sending one or more directional beacon frames (e.g., DMG beacon frames 212) to one or more responder STAs (e.g., user device 222).
  • DMG beacon frames 212 may be associated with one or more directions.
  • N is a positive integer
  • the user devices may receive in at least one of a non-directional mode (e.g., quasi- omni mode) or a directional mode in the BTI interval.
  • the reception may be depicted as frames 214, 215 and 216 at the user devices 222, 224 and 226, respectively.
  • the user devices may need to listen directionally for signals coming from the initiator device (e.g., the AP/PCP 202).
  • the initiator device e.g., the AP/PCP 202
  • the STAs and the user devices may be non-AP devices and will be used interchangeably.
  • the user devices may be close to each other, covered by the same antenna sector of the AP, or may just be on the same direction from the AP 202 at different distances.
  • collisions may occur within a space time slot designated to the specific sector in the directional A-BFT 240 (in A-BFT 232) or the beamforming SP 241 (in the DTI 233).
  • a collision e.g., simultaneous transmissions from different user devices
  • the SSW frame transmissions e.g., SSW frames 221, 223, and
  • the AP may successfully process only one transmission (or maybe none), probably from the closely spaced user device with the strongest signal.
  • the SSW frames 221 and 225 may be received on sector 203 during space time slots 207.
  • space time slots 206 of sector 203 may be empty, meaning that nothing was received from the user devices during those times.
  • the AP may inform the user devices in the desired sector, which user devices were discovered and associated, and which should try to perform beamforming in the next possible access period with the directional AP RX.
  • the AP 202 may send a sector feedback 205, which may include sector acknowledgment frames that are acknowledgments to the received SSWs that were received during one of the sectors during the directional AP RX. Since the user device 222 sent the SSW frame 221 that was successfully received by the AP 202 in sector 203, the AP 202 may send a sector acknowledgment frame to the user device 222.
  • a new information element may be included in the sector feedback 205 that contains IDs of all discovered user devices (e.g., user devices 222, 224 and
  • the user device behavior after reception of this sector feedback 205 with the new IE may be that if the user device finds its own user device ID in the IE, it assumes that beamforming training is finished, and it may start data transmission in a usual way. If the user device ID is absent in the IE, the user device would continue the negotiation process in the next possible opportunity. The next possible opportunity may be in the directional CBAP/SP 242 of the DTI 233.
  • the user device may check the extended schedule element that would have been included in a beacon frame received by the user device during the BTI 231. The user device may determine whether the extended schedule element includes allocations information during a portion of the DTI 233.
  • That portion of the DTI 233 may be a directional service period (e.g., beamforming SP 241) or a contention-based access period (e.g., directional CBAP/SP 242). If the user device determines that the extended schedule element did not include allocations information for a certain sector, which indicates that a directional CBAP/SP was not allocated, then the user device must perform additional negotiation with the AP.
  • a directional service period e.g., beamforming SP 241
  • a contention-based access period e.g., directional CBAP/SP 242
  • the AP 202 may adaptively increase the amount of resources (space time slots) in the crowded sector at the expense of the time slots of the desolate sectors (sectors that were not used, e.g., sector 201).
  • special information should be sent in a DMG beacon frame (e.g., DMG beacon frame 208).
  • DMG beacon frame 208 transmitted in AP sector i may include the start time of the first space time slot allocated for AP sector i and the end time of the last space time slot allocated for AP sector i. Based on this information, the user device can calculate the exact number of space time slots available in AP sector i. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative schematic diagram of an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the AP/PCP 202 of FIG. 2 may perform a transmit and initiator sector sweep (I-TXSS) during the BTI interval by sending one or more directional beacon frames (e.g., DMG beacon frames 212 of FIG. 2A) to one or more responder STAs (e.g., user device 222).
  • I-TXSS transmit and initiator sector sweep
  • DMG beacon frames 212 may be associated with one or more directions.
  • the STAs and user devices may be non-AP devices and will be used interchangeably.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may define a directional beacon frame (e.g., DMG beacon 208) to append a training (TRN-R) field 254 to one or more fields of the directional beacon frame.
  • the DMG beacon frame 208 may include, at least in part, a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy channel estimation (L-CE), a legacy header (L-Header), a data field, an automatic gain control (AGC), and an appended TRN-R field 254.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system may facilitate that a responder device (e.g., user device 222) may receive in at least one of a non-directional mode (e.g., quasi-omni mode) or a directional mode in the BTI interval.
  • a responder device e.g., user device 222
  • the user device 222 may be able to receive in non-directional receive mode 258 and/or a directional mode 256.
  • the responder device e.g., user device 222
  • the responder device may need to listen directionally for signals coming from the initiator device (e.g., the AP/PCP 202).
  • the TRN-R field 254 may facilitate the training of a responder's receive (RX) sectors. As shown in FIG. 2B, a TRN-R field 254 is appended to the DMG beacon frame 208 to allow the training of the user device 222 's RX sectors. This may allow the user device 222 to discover its best RX sector.
  • the TRN-R field 254 may include one or more training sequences that may help the user device 222 to identify an operating sector (e.g., best RX sector) to be used when transmitting in later intervals to the AP/PCP 202 in a particular direction.
  • the AP/PCP 202 may transmit DMG beacon frames over different antenna sectors.
  • the STAs may listen for the SSW frames in the non-directional mode. In this way, the best TX sector of the AP/PCP 202 may be determined. Due to antenna reciprocity, the best RX sector for the AP/PCP 202 may also be determined.
  • the AP/PCP 202 may append training fields (TRN-Rs) at the end of each beacon frame, and for each training field, an STA may sweep its receiving antenna sectors to determine its best RX sector, then due to antenna reciprocity, the STAs also may determine their best TX sectors.
  • TRN-Rs training fields
  • the user device 222 may determine its own best RX sector, which may be aligned with the best TX sector of the AP/PCP 202. The same is true for the best TX sector of the user device 222 being aligned with the best RX sector of the AP/PCP 202 because of the antenna reciprocity presumption. Antenna reciprocity means that a best transmit sector is also the best receiving sector. If a transceiver has TX-RX sector alignment, discovering the best RX sector for the transceiver may mean finding the best TX sector (applicable for both APs and STAs) and selecting the corresponding RX sector. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 300 for effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a flowchart 300 that illustrates the behavior of an STA during beamforming training with an AP in a sector i associated with one or more AP antennas, where i is a positive integer.
  • the STA may be an EDMG STA.
  • During beamforming training of the devices there are one or more periods. These one or more periods may include a beacon transmission interval (BTI), an association beamforming training (A-BFT), and a data transmission interval (DTI).
  • BTI beacon transmission interval
  • A-BFT association beamforming training
  • DTI data transmission interval
  • the AP may have received one or more SSWs from one or more STAs in different space time slots of a sector i. This may occur during a beamforming SP of a DTI or during a directional A-BFT of the A-BFT interval.
  • the AP may broadcast sector acknowledgment frames to the one or more STAs.
  • the sector acknowledgment frame may contain the IDs of all the STAs which were detected in sector i where the STAs had sent their SSWs to the AP.
  • the STAs would receive those frames and decode them. For example, an STA may receive a sector acknowledgment frame and determine whether its STA ID is included in the STA ID list included in the sector acknowledgment frame. This is mainly to determine whether the AP has acknowledged a received SSW from that STA. If the STA finds itself in the STA ID list included in the sector acknowledgment frame, then the STA will continue to access the network because beamforming training is established.
  • the STA may then perform additional steps.
  • the STA may then check the extended schedule element that would have been included in a beacon frame received by the STA during the beacon transmission interval (BTI). The STA may determine whether the extended schedule element includes allocations information during a portion of the DTI. That portion of the DTI may be a directional service period or a contention-based access period (CBAP). At block 307, if the STA determines that the extended schedule element did not include allocations information for sector i, which indicates that a directional SP/CBAP was not allocated, then the STA must perform additional negotiation with the AP.
  • BTI beacon transmission interval
  • the STA may try to negotiate with the AP in the next beamforming SP/directional A-BFT, which is part of the next DTI.
  • a block 309 if the negotiation failed, the STA's beamforming training is considered incomplete, and therefore the STA restarts the process at block 301.
  • a block 312 after the STA checks the extended schedule element and determines that a directional SP/CBAP allocation was allocated for sector i, the STA may proceed with the beamforming training.
  • the STA may try to negotiate with the AP in the scheduled directional SP/CBAP allocation. [0080] At block 314, if the negotiation was successful, the STA made then access the network because beamforming training is established.
  • the STA may continue to block 308, where the STA may try to negotiate with the AP in the next beamforming SP/directional A-BFT, which is part of the next DTI. If the negotiation is successful, the STA may then access the network because beamforming training is established.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 400 for an illustrative effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a device may determine a beacon frame of one or more beacon frames to be sent to one or more station devices during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals, wherein the beacon frame is associated with a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna.
  • a beacon frame For example, during beamforming training for devices, there are one or more periods. These one or more periods may include BTI, A-BFT, and DTI.
  • SLS enhanced sector-level sweep
  • the first part is the BTI, where there are one or more transmit sector sweeps (SSW-TXs), where multiple DMG beacon frames are transmitted in different sectors associated with different directions from the AP to an STA.
  • SSW-TXs transmit sector sweeps
  • These multiple DMG beacon frames are a same DMG beacon frame that is transmitted on different sectors.
  • Training fields may be appended to each of these DMG beacon frames at the end of each DMG beacon frame. These training fields are used by the receiving STA. In that sense, after the BTI, the STAs will know the best sector to be used for the station from the point of view of the AP. That is, each STA would know the best AP TX sector and would know the best STA RX sector.
  • the second part is the portion of the DTI referred to as the beamforming service period (SP) or any other name indicating a period where the AP is listening during one or more space time slots in a particular sector or one or more sectors of an antenna on the AP.
  • SP beamforming service period
  • the AP will be listening in a directional mode. Further, the STA would know when the AP will be listening in a particular direction.
  • the device may identify a sector frame received from a first station device of the one or more station devices at a first space time slot of one or more space time slots associated with the first sector.
  • the AP may receive one or more SSWs from one or more user devices in different space time slots of a sector i, where i is a positive integer. This may occur during a beamforming SP of the DTI or during a directional A-BFT of the A-BFT interval.
  • the AP may receive an SSW frame from a user device during a time slot associated with a specific sector.
  • the sector may be the same sector identified in the BTI as the best sector for TX and RX.
  • the user device may then enter into a listening mode in order to receive a sector acknowledgment from the AP in that same direction.
  • the AP would then transmit a sector acknowledgment corresponding to each of the time slots and directions during which the AP received the packets from each of the user devices.
  • the sector acknowledgment contains the IDs of all discovered user devices. Therefore, all user devices that were detected by the AP, meaning that they did not have collisions, are included in the sector acknowledgment. For all other user devices that were part of the collisions, their IDs would not be included in the sector acknowledgment.
  • the AP would not know about the user device process that had collisions; it only has information about the user devices that did not have collisions.
  • the device may determine to adjust a number of space time slots during a second beamforming interval for beamforming training based on the sector frame.
  • a new IE may be included in the sector feedback 205 that contains the IDs of all discovered user devices (e.g., user devices 222, 224 and 226).
  • the user device's behavior after reception of this sector feedback 205 with the new IE may be that if the user device finds its own user device ID in the IE, it assumes that beamforming training is finished, and it may start data transmission in a usual way. If the user device's ID is absent in the IE, the user device would continue the negotiation process at the next possible opportunity. The next possible opportunity may be in the directional CBAP/SP 242 of the DTI 233.
  • the user device may check the extended schedule element that would have been included in a beacon frame received by the user device during the BTI 231.
  • the user device may determine whether the extended schedule element includes allocations information during a portion of the DTI 233. That portion of the DTI 233 may be a directional service period (e.g., beamforming SP 241) or a contention-based access period (e.g., directional CBAP/SP 242). If the user device determines that the extended schedule element did not include allocations information for a certain sector, which indicates that a directional CBAP/SP was not allocated, then the user device must perform additional negotiation with the AP.
  • a directional service period e.g., beamforming SP 241
  • a contention-based access period e.g., directional CBAP/SP 242
  • the AP may adaptively increase the amount of resources (space time slots) in the crowded sector at the expense of the time slots of the desolate sectors (sectors that were not used, e.g., sector 201).
  • special information should be sent in the DMG beacon frame (e.g., DMG beacon frame 208).
  • the DMG beacon frame transmitted in AP sector i may include the start time of the first space time slot allocated for AP sector i and the end time of the last space time slot allocated for AP sector i. Based on this information, the user device can calculate the exact number of space time slots available in AP sector i. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 450 for an illustrative effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a device may identify a beacon frame of one or more beacon frames received from an access point during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals. For example, during beamforming training for devices, there are one or more periods. These one or more periods may include BTI, A-BFT, and DTI.
  • An initiator device e.g., an AP or PCP
  • the directional beacon frame appends a training (TRN-R) field to one or more fields of the directional beacon frame.
  • TRN-R training
  • the device may determine a first extended schedule element included in the beacon frame, wherein the first extended schedule element comprises one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a second beamforming training interval.
  • the directional beacon frame may include an extended schedule element. This element may be used by the user device to determine if additional allocations were allocated by the AP during the DTI in case collisions occurred.
  • the device may determine an operational direction to be used when transmitting a sector frame during a first space time slot of the one or more space time slots in a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna. Training fields may be appended to each of these directional beacon frames at the end of each directional beacon frame. These training fields are used by the user device. In that sense, after BTI, the user devices will know the best sector to be used for the station from the point of view of the AP. That is, each user device would know the best AP TX sector and would know the best user device RX sector.
  • the second part is the portion of the DTI referred to as beamforming SP or any other name indicating a period where the AP is listening during one or more space time slots in a particular sector or one or more sectors of an antenna on the AP.
  • the AP will be listening in a directional mode. Further, the user device would know when the AP will be listening in a particular direction.
  • the device may cause to send the sector frame during the first space time slot to the access point.
  • the user devices may be close to each other, covered by the same antenna sector of the AP, or just be on the same direction from the AP at different distances. In this case, collisions may occur within a space time slot designated to the specific sector in the directional A-BFT (in A-BFT) or the beamforming SP (in DTI).
  • the AP may successfully process only one transmission (or maybe none), probably from the closely spaced user device with the strongest signal.
  • the user device may check an extended schedule element that may be included in a directional beacon frame received from an AP during the BTI. The user device may determine whether the extended schedule element includes allocations information during a portion of the DTI. That portion of the DTI may be a directional service period (e.g., beamforming SP) or a contention-based access period (e.g., directional CBAP/SP).
  • the user device determines that the extended schedule element did not include allocations information for a certain sector, which indicates that a directional CBAP/SP was not allocated, then the user device must perform additional negotiation with the AP. After the user device checks the extended schedule element and determines that a directional SP/CB AP allocation was allocated for sector i, the user device may proceed with the beamforming training. To avoid further collisions, the AP may inform the user devices in the desired sector, which user devices were discovered and associated, and which should try to perform beamforming in the next possible access period with the directional AP RX. For example, the AP may send a sector feedback, which may include sector acknowledgment frames that are acknowledgments to the received SSWs that were received from one of the sectors during the directional AP RX.
  • a sector feedback which may include sector acknowledgment frames that are acknowledgments to the received SSWs that were received from one of the sectors during the directional AP RX.
  • the AP may send a sector acknowledgment frame to that user device.
  • a new IE may be included in the sector feedback that contains the IDs of all discovered user devices.
  • the user device behavior after reception of this sector feedback with the new IE may be that if the user device finds its own user device ID in the IE, it assumes that beamforming training is finished, and it may start data transmission in a usual way. If the user device's ID is absent in the IE, the user device would continue the negotiation process at the next possible opportunity. The next possible opportunity may be in the directional CBAP/SP of the DTI.
  • the user device may check the extended schedule element that would have been included in a beacon frame received by the user device during the BTI.
  • the user device may determine whether the extended schedule element includes allocations information during a portion of the DTI. That portion of the DTI may be a directional service period (e.g., beamforming SP) or a contention-based access period (e.g., directional CBAP/SP). If the user device determines that the extended schedule element did not include allocations information for a certain sector, which indicates that a directional CBAP/SP was not allocated, then the user device must perform additional negotiation with the AP. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 5 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication station 500 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • HDR high data rate
  • PCS personal communication system
  • the communication station 500 may include communications circuitry 502 and a transceiver 510 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 501.
  • the transceiver 510 may be a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver that are combined and share common circuitry (e.g., communications circuitry 502).
  • the communications circuitry 502 may include amplifiers, filters, mixers, analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters.
  • the transceiver 510 may transmit and receive analog or digital signals.
  • the transceiver 510 may allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full-duplex, and may require the transmitter and receiver to operate on different frequencies to minimize interference between the transmitted signal and the received signal.
  • the transceiver 510 may operate in a half-duplex mode, where the transceiver 510 may transmit or receive signals in one direction at a time.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer (PHY) communications and/or media access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals.
  • the communication station 500 may also include processing circuitry 506 and memory 508 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communications circuitry 502 and the processing circuitry 506 may be configured to perform operations detailed in detailed in FIGs. 1, 2 A, 2B, 3, 4 A and 4B.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 506 of the communication station 500 may include one or more processors.
  • two or more antennas 501 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 502 arranged for sending and receiving signals.
  • the memory 508 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 506 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein.
  • the memory 508 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • the memory 508 may include a computer-readable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random- access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 500 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • the communication station 500 may include one or more antennas 501.
  • the antennas 501 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
  • each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
  • the communication station 500 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements.
  • the display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
  • the communication station 500 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements of the communication station 500 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
  • a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 500 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 600 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed.
  • the machine 600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 600 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 600 may act as a peer machine in peer-to- peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.
  • P2P peer-to- peer
  • the machine 600 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • STB set-top box
  • mobile telephone a wearable computer device
  • web appliance e.g., a web appliance
  • network router e.g., a router, or bridge
  • switch or bridge any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer
  • Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
  • a module includes hardware.
  • the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
  • the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operating.
  • the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
  • the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.
  • the machine 600 may include a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608.
  • the machine 600 may further include a power management device 632, a graphics display device 610, an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 614 (e.g., a mouse).
  • a hardware processor 602 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
  • main memory 604 e.g., main memory
  • static memory 606 e.g., static memory
  • the machine 600 may further include a power management device 632, a graphics display device 610, an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.
  • the graphics display device 610, alphanumeric input device 612, and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 600 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), an effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619, a network interface device/transceiver 620 coupled to antenna(s) 630, and one or more sensors 628, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 600 may include an output controller 634, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • IR infrared
  • NFC near field communication
  • the storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium 622 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 624 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604, within the static memory 606, or within the hardware processor 602 during execution thereof by the machine 600.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 602, the main memory 604, the static memory 606, or the storage device 616 may constitute machine- readable media.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., processes 400 and 450) described and shown above.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may facilitate that in an enhanced sector- level sweep (SLS) beamforming system there are two important parts.
  • the first part is the BTI, where there are one or more transmit sector sweeps (SSW-TXs), where multiple DMG beacon frames are transmitted in different sectors associated with different directions from the AP to an STA.
  • SSW-TXs transmit sector sweeps
  • These multiple DMG beacon frames are a same DMG beacon frame that is transmitted on different sectors. Training fields may be appended to each of these DMG beacon frames at the end of each DMG beacon frame. These training fields are used by the receiving STA.
  • each STA would know the best AP transmit (TX) sector and would know the best STA receive (RX) sector.
  • the second part is the portion of the DTI referred to as the beamforming service period (SP) or any other name indicating a period where the AP is listening during one or more space time slots in a particular sector or one or more sectors of an antenna on the AP.
  • the AP will be listening in a directional mode. Further, the STA would know when the AP will be listening in a particular direction.
  • Antenna pattern reciprocity is also assumed, where if the STA knows the AP's best TX sector, it will also know the AP's listening opportunity in the best RX sector. For example, during BTI, if the best AP TX sector for an STA was for sector ID 1, the STA should transmit its response at the time when the AP will be listening on sector ID 1. However, other STAs may also transmit during that sector ID, which may result in collisions. For example, if there are an increased number of STAs in one sector, the probability of collisions may increase. For example, if there are four time slots in one sector, but there are 10 STAs sending their packets during that sector, then the probability of collision may be high.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may facilitate that the AP may also allocate additional time slots for directional listening purposes. After transmitting its packets in a certain direction, the STA may then enter into a listening mode in order to receive a sector acknowledgment from the AP in that same direction. The AP would then transmit a sector acknowledgment corresponding to each of the time slots and directions during which the AP received the packets from each of the STAs.
  • the sector acknowledgment contains the IDs of all discovered STAs. Therefore, all STAs that were detected by the AP, meaning that they did not have collisions, are included in the sector acknowledgment. For all other STAs that were part of the collisions, their IDs would not be included in the sector acknowledgment. The AP would not know about the STA process that had collisions; it only has information about the STAs that did not have collisions.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may facilitate that the STAs that did not identify their IDs in the sector acknowledgment sent by the AP may determine that collisions have occurred. Therefore, they have not completely completed the beamforming training, and should attempt to perform directional CBAP/SP in order to contact the AP. Similarly, during that time, the STAs may be listening in the same direction that they transmitted their packets to the AP. During the CBAP/SP of the DTI, the AP may determine one or more allocations for one or more sectors. However, the allocated CBAP/SP may not be in the same sector as the STAs that were involved in collisions.
  • the information of which sector will be allocated in the CBAP/SB may be included in the one or more beacon frames during the BTI interval. If the STA fails to negotiate because the AP allocated a different sector during the CBAP/SP than the sector of the STA, the STA would try to negotiate with the AP in the next beamforming SP.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may facilitate that an extended schedule element (e.g., EDMG or DMG extended schedule element) may contain one or more allocations if the AP determines that it needs to add additional allocations during the directional allocations.
  • the extended schedule element may contain information about one or more sector allocations in the directional allocation period of the DTI.
  • the AP may determine whether to have directional allocations or not based on implementation.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may facilitate that the AP may determine to increase the amount of resources in the beamforming SP period of the DTI. For example, the AP may increase the number of space time slots in the next beamforming SP period of a next DTI based on information from the current beamforming SP period of a current DTI. For example, in the case of collisions during a current beamforming SP part of the DTI, the AP may learn from that and may try to prevent additional collisions in the next DTI. For example, if there are many collisions during a current beamforming SP period, the AP may increase the number of space time slots in the next beamforming SP period.
  • the AP may allocate a larger number than four space time slots in sector 0 in the next beamforming SP.
  • this is not limited to collisions.
  • the AP may decide and determine to increase the number of space time slots in a next beamforming SP of a next DTI. In that sense, the number of space time slots may be variable and non-constant for different directions for different sectors based on usage and collisions.
  • This information may be sent in the BTI period in each of the multiple beacon frames.
  • Each of the beacons will have information about the start time for listening on a corresponding sector. There will be sector specific fields in each of the beacon frames.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may provide an enhanced beamforming flow based on the directional transmission and the directional reception for both the access point (AP) and the station device (STA).
  • AP access point
  • STA station device
  • two options may be possible: one for introducing a directional A-BFT or a beamforming SP in the DTI.
  • This directional transmission solves two important issues, namely, the STA's range extension and synchronization collision avoidance by using spatial (angular) STA separation.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may facilitate a new method for EDMG STA collision resolution and avoidance for the enhanced SLS beamforming flow described above.
  • the collision resolution and avoidance may introduce an information element (IE), which is included in the sector acknowledgment frame (broadcasted by the AP to each sector where the STAs were discovered or even energy detection took place), and specifies the IDs of the STAs that were already identified by the AP.
  • IE information element
  • the present disclosure specifies the behavior of the EDMG STA after the reception of a sector acknowledgment frame. All non-associated STAs in a given sector may continue the negotiation process in the next available period with directional AP RX: the directional CBAP/SP or the next directional A-BFT/beamforming SP.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may also introduce the solution for the AP to adaptively increase the amount of resources (space timeslots) in the crowded sector at the expense of the time slots of the desolate sectors.
  • the effective collision resolution in enhanced SLS beamforming device 619 may be based on the STA to AP directional transmission and reception in special directional A-BFT or beamforming SP periods, where the STAs are separated at the AP by the angles of arrival (sectors) and, additionally, by the introduction of a few time slots to resolve collisions within each sector. This may allow more efficient STA to AP communication with a range extension of up to hundreds of meters, but the process of collision resolution inside of each sector in crowded hotspots may not be optimized.
  • machine-readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • machine-readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.
  • machine-readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non-limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media.
  • a massed machine -readable medium includes a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass.
  • Non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.
  • EPROM electrically programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory devices e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
  • flash memory devices e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
  • flash memory devices e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
  • flash memory devices e.
  • Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 626.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 620 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple- output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
  • the operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.
  • the word "exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
  • the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • the device may be either mobile or stationary.
  • the term "communicate” is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
  • the term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • the term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station.
  • An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non- mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio- video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (W
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP wireless application protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDM A), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi- tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra- wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3 GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced
  • Example 1 may include a device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to: determine a beacon frame to be sent to one or more station devices during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals, wherein the beacon frame may be associated with a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; identify a sector frame received from a first station device of the one or more station devices at a first space time slot of one or more space time slots associated with the first sector; and determine to adjust a number of space time slots during a second beamforming interval for beamforming training based on the sector frame.
  • Example 2 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the beacon frame may include a first extended schedule element.
  • Example 3 may include the device of example 2 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first extended schedule element may include one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a first data transmission interval.
  • Example 4 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval.
  • Example 5 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein to determine to adjust the number of space time slots comprises the memory and the processing circuitry being further configured to: determine one or more collisions during the first sector; and determine to increase the number of the space time slots during the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 6 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein to determine to adjust the number of space time slots comprises the memory and the processing circuitry being further configured to: identify two or more sector frames received during the first sector; and determine to increase the number of the space time slots in the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 7 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second interval may be a second beamforming service period interval.
  • Example 8 may include the device of example 7 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming service period interval may be in a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 9 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry are further configured to determine a sector acknowledgment frame acknowledging the sector frame received from the first device during the first beamforming interval.
  • Example 10 may include the device of example 9 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry are further configured to determine an information element included in the sector acknowledgment frame, wherein the sector acknowledgment frame identifies a first station device received the sector frame
  • Example 11 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • Example 12 may include the device of example 11 and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.
  • Example 13 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising: identifying a beacon frame of one or more beacon frames received from an access point during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals; determining a first extended schedule element included in the beacon frame, wherein the first extended schedule element comprises one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a second beamforming training interval; determining an operational direction to be used when transmitting a sector frame during a first space time slot of the one or more space time slots in a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; and causing to send the sector frame during the first space time slot to the access point.
  • Example 14 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval (BTI).
  • BTI first beacon transmission interval
  • Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming interval may be a first beamforming service period (SP) in a first data transmission interval (DTI).
  • SP beamforming service period
  • DTI first data transmission interval
  • Example 16 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example
  • the operations further comprise: identifying a sector acknowledgment frame received from the access point; determining an absence of a device identification; and determining an allocation of the first sector in an extended schedule element included in the beacon frame; and causing to send a second sector frame during a directional allocation portion of the first data transmission interval or during a second beamforming service period of a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example
  • the directional allocation portion may be a service period or a contention-based access period (CBAP).
  • CBAP contention-based access period
  • Example 18 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 16 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations for causing to send the second sector frame further comprise: determining that no allocations exists in the extended schedule element associated with the first sector; and causing to send the second sector frame during the second beamforming service period (SP).
  • SP beamforming service period
  • Example 19 may include a method comprising: determining, by one or more processors, a beacon frame to be sent to one or more station devices during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals, wherein the beacon frame may be associated with a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; identifying a sector frame received from a first station device of the one or more station devices at a first space time slot of one or more space time slots associated with the first sector; and determining to adjust a number of space time slots during a second beamforming interval for beamforming training based on the sector frame.
  • Example 20 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the beacon frame may include a first extended schedule element.
  • Example 21 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first extended schedule element may include one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a first data transmission interval.
  • Example 22 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval.
  • Example 23 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: determining one or more collisions during the first sector; and determining to increase the number of the space time slots during the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 24 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein determining to adjust the number of space time slots further comprises: identifying two or more sector frames received during the first sector; and determining to increase the number of the space time slots in the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 25 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second interval may be a second beamforming service period interval.
  • Example 26 may include the method of example 25 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming service period interval may be in a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 27 may include the method of example 19 and/or some other example herein, further comprising determining a sector acknowledgment frame acknowledging the sector frame received from the first device during the first beamforming interval.
  • Example 28 may include the method of example 27 and/or some other example herein, further comprising determining an information element included in the sector acknowledgment frame, wherein the sector acknowledgment frame identifies a first station device received the sector frame.
  • Example 29 may include an apparatus comprising means for performing a method as claimed in any one of examples 19-28.
  • Example 30 may include a system comprising at least one memory device having programmed instruction that, in response to execution cause at least one processor to perform the method of any one of examples 19-28.
  • Example 31 may include a machine readable medium including code, when executed, to cause a machine to perform the method of any one of examples 19-28.
  • Example 32 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising: determining, by one or more processors, a beacon frame to be sent to one or more station devices during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals, wherein the beacon frame may be associated with a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; identifying a sector frame received from a first station device of the one or more station devices at a first space time slot of one or more space time slots associated with the first sector; and determining to adjust a number of space time slots during a second beamforming interval for beamforming training based on the sector frame.
  • Example 33 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example
  • beacon frame may include a first extended schedule element.
  • Example 34 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example
  • the first extended schedule element may include one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a first data transmission interval.
  • Example 35 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 32 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval.
  • Example 36 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 32 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: determining one or more collisions during the first sector; and determining to increase the number of the space time slots during the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 37 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 32 and/or some other example herein, wherein determining to adjust the number of space time slots further comprises: identifying two or more sector frames received during the first sector; and determining to increase the number of the space time slots in the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 38 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 32 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second interval may be a second beamforming service period interval.
  • Example 39 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 38 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming service period interval may be in a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 40 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 32 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise determining a sector acknowledgment frame acknowledging the sector frame received from the first device during the first beamforming interval.
  • Example 41 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 40 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise determining an information element included in the sector acknowledgment frame, wherein the sector acknowledgment frame identifies a first station device received the sector frame.
  • Example 42 may include an apparatus comprising means for determining, by one or more processors, a beacon frame to be sent to one or more station devices during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals, wherein the beacon frame may be associated with a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; means for identifying a sector frame received from a first station device of the one or more station devices at a first space time slot of one or more space time slots associated with the first sector; and means for determining to adjust a number of space time slots during a second beamforming interval for beamforming training based on the sector frame.
  • Example 43 may include the apparatus of example 42 and/or some other example herein, wherein the beacon frame may include a first extended schedule element.
  • Example 44 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first extended schedule element may include one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a first data transmission interval.
  • Example 45 may include the apparatus of example 42 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval.
  • Example 46 may include the apparatus of example 42 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: means for determining one or more collisions during the first sector; and means for determining to increase the number of the space time slots during the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 47 may include the apparatus of example 42 and/or some other example herein, wherein determining to adjust the number of space time slots further comprises: means for identifying two or more sector frames received during the first sector; and means for determining to increase the number of the space time slots in the second beamforming interval.
  • Example 48 may include the apparatus of example 42 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second interval may be a second beamforming service period interval.
  • Example 49 may include the apparatus of example 48 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming service period interval may be in a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 50 may include the apparatus of example 42 and/or some other example herein, further comprising means for determining a sector acknowledgment frame acknowledging the sector frame received from the first device during the first beamforming interval.
  • Example 51 may include the apparatus of example 50 and/or some other example herein, further comprising means for determining an information element included in the sector acknowledgment frame, wherein the sector acknowledgment frame identifies a first station device received the sector frame.
  • Example 52 may include a device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to: identify a beacon frame of one or more beacon frames received from an access point during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals; determine a first extended schedule element included in the beacon frame, wherein the first extended schedule element comprises one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a second beamforming training interval; determine an operational direction to be used when transmitting a sector frame during a first space time slot of the one or more space time slots in a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; and cause to send the sector frame during the first space time slot to the access point.
  • Example 53 may include the device of example 52 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval (BTI).
  • BTI first beacon transmission interval
  • Example 54 may include the device of example 52 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming interval may be a first beamforming service period (SP) in a first data transmission interval (DTI).
  • SP beamforming service period
  • DTI first data transmission interval
  • Example 55 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry are further configured to: identify a sector acknowledgment frame received from the access point; determine an absence of a device identification; and determine an allocation of the first sector in an extended schedule element included in the beacon frame; and cause to send a second sector frame during a directional allocation portion of the first data transmission interval or during a second beamforming service period of a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 56 may include the device of example 55 and/or some other example herein, wherein the directional allocation portion may be a service period or a contention-based access period (CBAP).
  • CBAP contention-based access period
  • Example 57 may include the device of example 55 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry for causing to send the second sector frame may be further configured to: determine that no allocations exists in the extended schedule element associated with the first sector; and cause to send the second sector frame during the second beamforming service period (SP).
  • SP beamforming service period
  • Example 58 may include the device of example 52 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • Example 59 may include the device of example 58 and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.
  • Example 60 may include a method comprising: identifying a beacon frame of one or more beacon frames received from an access point during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals; determining a first extended schedule element included in the beacon frame, wherein the first extended schedule element comprises one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a second beamforming training interval; determining an operational direction to be used when transmitting a sector frame during a first space time slot of the one or more space time slots in a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; and causing to send the sector frame during the first space time slot to the access point.
  • Example 61 may include the method of example 60 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval (BTI).
  • BTI first beacon transmission interval
  • Example 62 may include the method of example 60 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming interval may be a first beamforming service period (SP) in a first data transmission interval (DTI).
  • SP beamforming service period
  • DTI first data transmission interval
  • Example 63 may include the method of example 62 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: identifying a sector acknowledgment frame received from the access point; determining an absence of a device identification; and determining an allocation of the first sector in an extended schedule element included in the beacon frame; and causing to send a second sector frame during a directional allocation portion of the first data transmission interval or during a second beamforming service period of a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 64 may include the method of example 63 and/or some other example herein, wherein the directional allocation portion may be a service period or a contention-based access period (CBAP).
  • CBAP contention-based access period
  • Example 65 may include the method of example 63 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: determining that no allocations exists in the extended schedule element associated with the first sector; and causing to send the second sector frame during the second beamforming service period (SP).
  • SP beamforming service period
  • Example 66 may include an apparatus comprising means for performing a method as claimed in any one of examples 60-65.
  • Example 67 may include a system comprising at least one memory device having programmed instruction that, in response to execution cause at least one processor to perform the method of any one of examples 60-65.
  • Example 68 may include a machine readable medium including code, when executed, to cause a machine to perform the method of any one of examples 60-65.
  • Example 69 may include an apparatus comprising means for identifying a beacon frame of one or more beacon frames received from an access point during a first beamforming interval of one or more beamforming training intervals; means for determining a first extended schedule element included in the beacon frame, wherein the first extended schedule element comprises one or more allocations for one or more space time slots in a second beamforming training interval; means for determining an operational direction to be used when transmitting a sector frame during a first space time slot of the one or more space time slots in a first sector of one or more sectors of an antenna; and means for causing to send the sector frame during the first space time slot to the access point.
  • Example 70 may include the apparatus of example 69 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first beamforming interval may be a first beacon transmission interval (BTI).
  • BTI first beacon transmission interval
  • Example 71 may include the apparatus of example 69 and/or some other example herein, wherein the second beamforming interval may be a first beamforming service period (SP) in a first data transmission interval (DTI).
  • Example 72 may include the apparatus of example 71 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: means for identifying a sector acknowledgment frame received from the access point; means for determining an absence of a device identification; and means for determining an allocation of the first sector in an extended schedule element included in the beacon frame; and means for causing to send a second sector frame during a directional allocation portion of the first data transmission interval or during a second beamforming service period of a second data transmission interval.
  • Example 73 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, wherein the directional allocation portion may be a service period or a contention-based access period (CBAP).
  • CBAP contention-based access period
  • Example 74 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: means for determining that no allocations exists in the extended schedule element associated with the first sector; and means for causing to send the second sector frame during the second beamforming service period (SP).
  • SP beamforming service period
  • Example 75 may include an apparatus comprising means for performing a method as claimed in any of the preceding examples.
  • Example 76 may include a machine-readable storage including machine -readable instructions, when executed, to implement a method as claimed in any preceding example.
  • Example 77 may include a machine-readable storage including machine -readable instructions, when executed, to implement a method or realize an apparatus as claimed in any preceding example.
  • Example 78 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-77, or any other method or process described herein
  • Example 79 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-77, or any other method or process described herein.
  • Example 80 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-77, or portions or parts thereof.
  • Example 81 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-77, or portions thereof.
  • Example 82 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.
  • Example 83 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
  • Example 84 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
  • Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well.
  • the dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.
  • These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • Conditional language such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes, des procédés et des dispositifs liés à une résolution de collision efficace dans une formation de faisceau par balayage de niveau sectoriel (SLS) améliorée. Un dispositif selon l'invention peut déterminer une trame de balise parmi une ou plusieurs trames de balise devant être envoyées à un ou plusieurs dispositifs de station pendant un premier intervalle de formation de faisceau parmi un ou plusieurs intervalles d'apprentissage de formation de faisceau, la trame de balise étant associée à un premier secteur parmi un ou plusieurs secteurs d'une antenne. Le dispositif peut identifier une trame de secteur reçue à partir d'un premier dispositif de station parmi lesdits dispositifs de station au niveau d'un premier créneau spatio-temporel parmi un ou plusieurs créneaux spatio-temporels associés au premier secteur. Le dispositif peut déterminer le réglage d'un certain nombre de créneaux spatio-temporels pendant un second intervalle de formation de faisceau à des fins d'apprentissage de formation de faisceau sur la base de la trame sectorielle.
PCT/US2017/068321 2017-04-11 2017-12-22 Résolution de collision efficace dans une formation de faisceau par balayage de niveau sectoriel améliorée WO2018190916A1 (fr)

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