WO2019028119A1 - Garnissage bidirectionnel destiné à être utilisé dans des tours de refroidissement - Google Patents

Garnissage bidirectionnel destiné à être utilisé dans des tours de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019028119A1
WO2019028119A1 PCT/US2018/044770 US2018044770W WO2019028119A1 WO 2019028119 A1 WO2019028119 A1 WO 2019028119A1 US 2018044770 W US2018044770 W US 2018044770W WO 2019028119 A1 WO2019028119 A1 WO 2019028119A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fill
channels
cooling tower
sheet
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/044770
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Davey J. Vadder
Sarah L. Ferrari
John W. Lane
Jean-Pierre LIBERT
Thomas W. Bugler
Original Assignee
Evapco, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/666,383 external-priority patent/US20180023905A1/en
Application filed by Evapco, Inc. filed Critical Evapco, Inc.
Publication of WO2019028119A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019028119A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/16—Arrangements for preventing condensation, precipitation or mist formation, outside the cooler
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
    • E04H5/12—Cooling towers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/065—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/06—Spray nozzles or spray pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/08—Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
    • F28F25/087—Vertical or inclined sheets; Supports or spacers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • a first set of spray heads is configured to direct said process water only to said first set of channels
  • a second set of spray heads is configured to direct said process water only to said second set of channels or to both sets of channels.
  • each of said stacked corrugated and intermediate sheets of said fill packs extend across a plurality of indirect heat exchange zones of said cooling tower.
  • said plastic sheets comprise crenellated portions where at top and bottom sections where said
  • Figure 8B is a partially exploded view of the fill-pack shown in Figure 8A.
  • Figure 9A is a elevational view of a fill section of a cooling tower in which the fill is comprised of three connected layers of fill pack, each layer having the same construction of adjacent layers, but in which each successive layer is rotated horizontally 180° relative to the prior layer.
  • Figure 1 l is a representation of the three parts that may be used to assemble the sheets which in turn may be used to construct the fill pack shown in Figure 10 without using a full intermediate sheet.
  • Figure 14A is a cross sectional view along line A-A of Figure 1 1.
  • Figure 24 is a representation of a second sheet for the construction of a cooling tower fill pack having overlapping indirect heat exchange channels, in which the columns are indexed one-half a column width to the right. Shaded portions of the figure represent areas where there is no indirect heat exchange.
  • the tower will act as a standard counterflow direct-cooling cooling tower. Water will flow down through both A and B channels, and air will flow up through both A and B channels, drawn by the fan. The airflow and water flow in each of the channels will be equal.
  • the open cooling tower will now be mostly an indirect heat exchanger, as the warm water flowing down the 'A' channels will be cooled by the cool air flowing up the 'B'channels. While there will still be some evaporation occurring in the 'A' channels, as not all of the air will be directed to the 'B' channels, there will be significantly less evaporation than with a standard tower.
  • the 'B' channel could be the water channel. In the dry mode water would only pass into 'B' channels.
  • the crosshatched areas are indirect heat exchangers. A person having ordinary skill in the art would be able to easily apply the variations of the invention previously illustrated for counterflow cooling towers to crossflow cooling towers.
  • Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of the invention.
  • the indirect heat exchanger covers more than 50% of the fill-pack area.
  • the embodiment represented by Figure 10 may be constructed with alternating sheets (stacked into the page, from the view of Figure 10), but in this embodiment, all the channels run vertically at the center of the fill column. Since the columns are vertical, the intermediate sheets of Figures 2-9 are not necessary (although they may still be used). Instead, the intermediate sheets of Figures 2-9 may be formed with ribs to separate each sheet from adjacent sheets thereby creating the channels.
  • each internal sheet has one set of channels on a first side, and a second set of channels on an opposite side. One half of the channels are vertical from top to bottom.
  • part 'C will direct each column straight down. At the bottom of the assembly Part 'C is flipped 180° vertically. The center of the sheet identifies if a column is a water or air column. As illustrated, the columns in assembly B alternate between water and air with the left-most column being an air column.
  • Figure 14B illustrates a cross section taken in the middle of the fill-pack illustrated in Figure 10.
  • the ribs/ridges of the sheets have been exaggerated to show sealing points.
  • An individual sheet is shown in heavy line in the middle of the pack.
  • Each sheet is a mirror image of the adjacent sheets on each side.
  • Each set of adjacent sheets defines a set of channels. All heat transfer occurs across these sheets.
  • Water paths are denoted by cross-hatches. The cross-sectional areas of the water and air paths are equal and should result in an airflow split of 55%/45% with typical water loading.
  • a checkerboard pattern of air-channels and water-channels are shown.
  • Figure 15 shows an embodiment in which the profile of the sheets are modified such that the designated water channels (with cross-hatches) are smaller than the designated air path. This will result in an airflow split such that the amount of air passing through the air path is >55%.
  • the airflow split can be modified by changing the ratio of the water-path area to air-path area.
  • an individual sheet is shown in heavy line in the middle of the pack.
  • Each set of adjacent sheets, with each sheet a mirror image of adjacent sheets, defines a set of channels.
  • the crenellation at the top is evenly spaced - with the water channels always notched down and the air channels protruding upwards.
  • the crenellation at the bottom is not evenly spaced.
  • the water channel is narrower and the air channel is wider.
  • the water channel tapers to a funnel shape.
  • the bottom air-channel profile is slightly deeper and wider than the water-channel profile.
  • Typical thermoforming machines used to make fill have a maximum forming area of approximately 4' x 4' . Fill can be formed larger than this in one direction if there is a repeating pattern.
  • Figures 21 and 22 illustrated an embodiment that allows wider fill-packs to be assembled. The heavy lines indicate seal points. The shaded areas show potential cut lines. Both Figures 21 and 22 indicate a cut lines after each of 2 repeating motifs. If, for example, each motif was 3' long on a 4' wide sheet, then fill packs that were 6' or 9' wide by 4' high could be assembled. By stacking two layers of crenellated-fill -packs, a cooling tower could be equipped with 8' high of fill.
  • Figure 23 illustrates a modification of Figure 10 such that the columns are indexed only 1 ⁇ 2 column width to the left.
  • Figure 24 illustrates the second sheet in this design where all the columns are indexed 1 ⁇ 2 a column width to the right.
  • Figure 23 shows an embodiment of the invention where, like Figure 10, the indirect heat exchanger (shaded) covers more than 50% of the fill-pack area.
  • the unshaded triangles are areas where there is no indirect contact of an air column with a water column and therefore no indirect heat transfer. Good practice has the hypotenuse of these triangles to be at least 45° from the horizontal.
  • each triangle would be 0.5 ft 2 for a total area of 1 ft 2 of no indirect heat exchanger per column. This area is the same regardless of the height of a column. For a 4' high column, 25% of the area of the column is not part of the indirect heat exchanger; for a two-foot high column this would increase to 50%.
  • Figures 25 and 26 illustrate how this embodiment can be thermoformed on standard equipment to make tall fill packs and eliminating the requirement for stacking.
  • the designs in Figures 25 and 26 consist of a two-foot long repeating motif on a four-foot wide sheet. The repeating motif is shown with dashed-lines. This repeating motif allows a four-foot wide fill pack to be constructed in heights of 2', 4', 6', 8', etc.
  • Cut lines are shown that would produce a 6' high fill pack.
  • areas where there will be no indirect heat exchanger are illustrated as 4 diamond-shaped areas and 4
  • This invention will require a different water distribution method than a standard cooling tower. Each water column will require a separate spray-branch. By aligning the fill packs a single spray branch can extend the entire length or width of a cell. With a wide column, there would need to be a spray branch every 1-foot. The number of spray branches can be reduced by having 2 separate spray systems. One would be a standard spray system and would be used when the tower was operating in a fully wet mode. A second spray system would be located over every other column and would be used when the system was operating in a "dry" mode. In a typical 36' x 36' cell this will result in 18 additional spray branches to be used when operating in the dry mode.
  • the number of spray branches can be reduced by aligning the fill packs as shown in Figure 27.
  • the fill packs used in Figure 27 are 4'long by 1 ' wide by 6' high, though the height is not important. Each fill pack has 17 sheets spaced approximately 0.75" apart.
  • the fill packs shown have four channels as shown in Figures 25 and 26 though any of the embodiments of the invention could as easily be used. By alternating the orientation of the blocks when assembling the fill in some places two water-columns will be next to each other allowing a single spray branch to feed two columns. On the 36' wide cell shown in Figure 27 only 14 secondary spray branches are required.
  • Figures 28A and 28B shows an improvement to the embodiment of Figures 23 and 24.
  • the 1 ⁇ 2 column index design illustrated in Figures 23 and 24 requires one more input-region than vertical columns.
  • Figures 23 and 24 show 6 input-zones and 5 vertical columns.
  • Figures 28A and 28B illustrate a 5-input-zone embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 28A illustrates the "A-sheet” for a modification of the half-column-index illustrated in Figure 23
  • Figure 28B illustrates the "B-sheet” for a modification of the half-column-index illustrated in Figure 24.
  • An operational concern of the bi-zonal design is the ability to move water from its input-zone laterally to the part of the fill where indirect cooling occurs.
  • the fill assemblies are preferably stacked side-by-side in a cooling tower such that the outer water columns of two adjacent fill blocks will be fed by a single spray nozzle.
  • FIG 30 illustrates another embodiment of the invention which employs Coanda-effect spoons.
  • Water entering a wet input-zone must be moved 1 ⁇ 2 column width laterally.
  • water falling on the front of the sheet must move to the left while water falling on the back of the sheet must move to the right.
  • water falling on the front of the sheet In the hybrid mode water will only fall on both sides of the center water-input-zone, but in the fully evaporative mode water will fall on both sides of all the air-input-zones, as well.
  • the sheets are typically thermoformed, any structure on the front of the sheet will result in the inverse structure on the back.
  • ridges to direct water to the left on the front of the sheet will result in valleys that direct water in the wrong direction on the back.
  • the spoons are preferably curved structures, preferably about 1 ⁇ 4" tall and tapered wider bases and narrower tops. According to preferred embodiment, the bases are about 3/8" wide and the tops are about 1/8" wide, with a draft angle of approximately 109 degrees (see, e.g., Figure 31). This geometry aids in water distribution and formability of the thermoformed sheet.
  • the shaded spoons in Figure 30 come out of the page (toward the reader) while the unshaded spoons go into the page (away from the reader) forming raised spoons on the backside of the sheet.
  • Sheet B is a mirror-image of Sheet A in this region which results in the spoon shapes lining up to completely cross the channel.
  • Figures 31 and 32 show another embodiment of the invention using

Abstract

L'invention concerne des tours de refroidissement et un garnissage de tour de refroidissement conçus pour le refroidissement d'eau de procédé avec de l'air par échange indirect de chaleur, le garnissage étant conçu pour former un premier ensemble de canaux et un second ensemble de canaux, lesdits premier et second ensembles de canaux étant entrelacés les uns avec les autres de sorte qu'un échange de chaleur se produit au niveau du matériau séparant lesdits canaux de séparation les uns des autres.
PCT/US2018/044770 2017-08-01 2018-08-01 Garnissage bidirectionnel destiné à être utilisé dans des tours de refroidissement WO2019028119A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/666,383 2017-08-01
US15/666,383 US20180023905A1 (en) 2014-12-23 2017-08-01 Bi-directional fill for use in cooling towers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019028119A1 true WO2019028119A1 (fr) 2019-02-07

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PCT/US2018/044770 WO2019028119A1 (fr) 2017-08-01 2018-08-01 Garnissage bidirectionnel destiné à être utilisé dans des tours de refroidissement

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WO (1) WO2019028119A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115779661A (zh) * 2022-11-14 2023-03-14 华南农业大学 一种可调孔隙率的畜禽养殖末端空气净化填料装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3575387A (en) * 1968-12-05 1971-04-20 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Air control damper for evaporative heat exchangers
US4374071A (en) * 1980-08-12 1983-02-15 Ulrich Regehr Counterflow cooling tower
US5413872A (en) * 1991-08-23 1995-05-09 Heinz Faigle Kg Filling member
US20130075066A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Mikhail Pavlovich Reytblat Advanced Multi-Purpose, Multi-stage Evaporative Cold Water/Cold Air Generating and Supply System
US20170003078A1 (en) * 2014-12-23 2017-01-05 Evapco, Inc. Bi-directional fill for use in cooling towers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3575387A (en) * 1968-12-05 1971-04-20 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Air control damper for evaporative heat exchangers
US4374071A (en) * 1980-08-12 1983-02-15 Ulrich Regehr Counterflow cooling tower
US5413872A (en) * 1991-08-23 1995-05-09 Heinz Faigle Kg Filling member
US20130075066A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Mikhail Pavlovich Reytblat Advanced Multi-Purpose, Multi-stage Evaporative Cold Water/Cold Air Generating and Supply System
US20170003078A1 (en) * 2014-12-23 2017-01-05 Evapco, Inc. Bi-directional fill for use in cooling towers

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115779661A (zh) * 2022-11-14 2023-03-14 华南农业大学 一种可调孔隙率的畜禽养殖末端空气净化填料装置

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