WO2019024913A1 - 一种径向颗粒洗涤装置 - Google Patents

一种径向颗粒洗涤装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019024913A1
WO2019024913A1 PCT/CN2018/098501 CN2018098501W WO2019024913A1 WO 2019024913 A1 WO2019024913 A1 WO 2019024913A1 CN 2018098501 W CN2018098501 W CN 2018098501W WO 2019024913 A1 WO2019024913 A1 WO 2019024913A1
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mandrel
washing
positive
cone
rotating
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French (fr)
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杨强
耿坤宇
孙荣江
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East China University of Science and Technology
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East China University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation

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  • the present invention relates to a particle washing apparatus, and more particularly to an apparatus for performing radial particle washing using swirling, cavitation and enhanced mixing coupling.
  • soil remediation methods at home and abroad mainly include physical repair methods, chemical repair methods and bioremediation methods, but there are disadvantages such as high cost, incompleteness, long cycle, and large environmental conditions.
  • the mechanical cleaning method is a commonly used method for removing petroleum substances in soil particles, and has many advantages such as low consumption, high efficiency, and low secondary pollution.
  • the common mechanical cleaning methods in China are mainly impact jet reactors, stirred vessels and ultrasonic washing methods, but all three methods have certain drawbacks.
  • the patent authorization publication number is CN205032119U, and the name is a stirred tank.
  • the device has a simple structure, the required space is large, and there is a large noise, and the temperature difference between the center of the tank and the material near the tank wall is easy to occur, which affects the washing effect.
  • Another example is the patent CN102716869A, which is called a floating ultrasonic cleaning device.
  • the energy consumption of the device is relatively high, and the large amount of particles cannot be washed at the same time, and once the silencing filler material is damaged, the noise pollution is serious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and low-cost washing device suitable for soil particles contaminated by petroleum substances in China.
  • the present invention provides a radial particle washing apparatus.
  • the device has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption of no moving parts, compact structure, space saving and the like.
  • a radial tubular particle washing device is divided into three different forms depending on the washing requirements and the nature of the imported materials.
  • the apparatus includes a straight tube and/or a venturi tube, the two tubes serving as conduits, respectively.
  • the tube is provided with a mandrel with a guide cone at the end, a positive-rotating fin and a counter-rotating fin.
  • the positive rotation and the reverse rotation fin are arranged on the mandrel with the guide cone before and after.
  • the positively-rotating fin and the mandrel with the guiding cone constitute a spinning unit
  • the counter-rotating fin and the mandrel with the guiding cone constitute an intensive mixing unit.
  • the straight pipe has a diameter D and a length of 0.3-0.6D.
  • the mandrel with a guide cone has a diameter of 0.3-0.6D, a length of D, and a cone angle of the guide cone ranges from 15 to 75 degrees.
  • venturi has a diameter D, a length of 0.3-0.6D, a contraction angle range of 23-35°, and a diffusion angle of 3-6°.
  • the arrangement order of the positively-rotating fins and the counter-rotating fins may be four kinds, that is, positive, negative, positive, positive, negative, positive, negative, and reverse.
  • the front end of the mandrel with the guiding cone at the inlet is 0.3-0.6D from the inlet of the device, and the distance from the end of the mandrel with the guiding cone at the outlet is 2D, and the outlet is provided with a guiding cone.
  • the distance from the end of the mandrel to the exit is 0.3-0.6D.
  • the positive-rotating fin has a helix angle of 5-50°
  • the counter-rotating fin has a helix angle of 5-50°
  • the radial particle washing device inlet flow rate ranges from 8.46D 2 -28.26D 2 m 3 /h.
  • the particle washing device is fed in a radial feed mode.
  • mandrel arrangement with the guide cone is coaxial.
  • the radial particle washing device may be arranged in three ways, that is, a full straight tube arrangement; the full-texturial tube is arranged; the straight tube and the venturi tube are alternately arranged.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the liquid is quickly entered into the fin by the flow guiding cone, and then the venturi tube is used to cavitation and acceleration of the fluid, the spin-forming effect of the positive-rotating fin and the intensive mixing of the counter-rotating fin
  • the organic combination of swirling and cavitation is achieved to achieve a better washing effect. It has high efficiency, low energy consumption of moving parts, compact structure and space saving.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the particle washing application of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a spinning unit
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of an intensive mixing unit
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a straight tube structure
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a venturi.
  • the inventors of the present application have found through extensive and intensive research that, for particle washing, the conventional mechanical washing methods are mainly impact jet reactors, stirred vessels and ultrasonic washing methods.
  • the three methods such as agitating the container, which requires a large space, a large noise, and a temperature difference between the center of the tank and the material near the tank wall, which affects the washing effect.
  • the ultrasonic washing device which has relatively high energy consumption and cannot satisfy a large number of particles washing at the same time, and once the sound-absorbing filling material is damaged, the noise pollution is serious.
  • the combination of swirling and cavitation organic combination can achieve good washing effect, compact structure, small space requirement, low energy consumption and high washing efficiency, so it is most suitable. Based on the above findings, the present invention has been completed.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the radial washing device mainly comprises: 2-1 first-stage pipeline positive-rotating fin; 2-2 secondary pipeline positive-rotating fin; 3 end Main shaft with guide cone; 4 straight tube; 5-1 primary line reverse rotor fin; 5-2 secondary line reverse rotor fin; 6 venturi tube.
  • a petrochemical plant uses a material inlet flow of 30 m 3 /h and an inlet pipe diameter of 0.1 m (D). According to the requirements of the washing effect and the nature of the material, the straight tube and the venturi tube are alternately arranged, as shown in Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a straight tube structure, and Fig.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a venturi tube.
  • the number of pipeline stages is two.
  • the material passes through the inlet 1, and the particles to be washed flow into the primary washing line with the washing liquid.
  • the solid-liquid mixture quickly enters the positive-rotating fin 2-1, and the swirling action of the positive-rotating fin 2-1, as shown in Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spinning unit, and its flow form is horizontal
  • the flow becomes a rotating flow.
  • the washing liquid is in full contact with the particles to be washed and collides.
  • the petroleum contaminants in the solid particles and the washing liquid initially form an emulsified state.
  • the solid-liquid mixture enters the counter-rotating fin 5-1 under the diversion of the flow guiding cone after passing through the tube length of 2D.
  • the anti-rotation fin 5-1 achieves the mixing effect of the enhanced washing liquid and the oil-containing solid particles by diffusion, convection and shearing. And increase the degree of liquid turbulence, and further improve the mixing effect.
  • the solid-liquid mixture then exits the primary wash line after passing through a 0.5D tube. After a first-stage washing line, the elution rate reaches 95% or more for oil-containing solid particles having a diameter of >2 mm.
  • the solid-liquid mixture treated by the first-stage washing pipeline enters the secondary washing pipeline, and the primary washing pipeline and the secondary washing pipeline are connected in a flange form.
  • the solid-liquid mixture After passing through the tube length of 0.5D, the solid-liquid mixture quickly enters the positive-rotating fin 2-2 under the diversion of the flow-conducting cone, and the solid-state liquid is rotated by the rotation of the positive-rotating fin 2-2.
  • the degree of flow is intensified, and the washing liquid is in contact with the particles to be washed, the collision is more severe, and the washing effect is remarkably improved.
  • the solid-liquid mixture then enters the constricted section of the venturi 6 after passing through a length of 0.5D. Through the cavitation of the venturi 6, the cavitation rapidly generates, expands and collapses, forming shock waves and high-speed microjets in the liquid, reducing the adhesion of petroleum substances to the solid particles.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reinforced mixing unit. Then, the washing device is left in the tube length of 0.5D to complete the washing. After washing by the secondary washing line, the oil removal rate is over 98% for oily solid particles having a diameter > 2 mm. For oil-containing solid particles having a diameter of 0.05 to 2 mm, the elution rate is 80% or more.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic diagram of the particle washing application of the present invention, wherein 1 is a liquid storage tank, 2 is a vibrating screen, 3 is a radial particle washing device, 4 is a heater, and 5 is a flash tank.
  • the washing liquid enters the vibrating screen 2 from the liquid storage tank 1 through a pipe, and the liquid distributor passing through the top of the vibrating screen is uniformly distributed on the solid particles to be washed.
  • the solid-liquid ratio is adjusted to prevent blockage of the pipe by adjusting the valve opening of the line between the washing liquid and the radial particle washing device.
  • the heater 4 is introduced to dry the solid particles, and the dried solid particles are backfilled.
  • the mixed steam of the washing liquid heated by the heater 4 and the petroleum substance enters the flash tank 5, and the flashing action of the flash tank 5 separates the washing liquid from the petroleum substance, the petroleum substance is recovered, and the washing liquid enters.
  • the liquid storage tank 1 achieves circulation.
  • the conventional particle washing device 3 has a compact structure, a small space requirement, a low energy consumption, a high washing efficiency, and good applicability, and the like.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Abstract

一种径向管式颗粒洗涤装置，该洗涤装置根据洗涤要求及进口物料的性质的不同分为三种不同形式。该装置包括设有直管（4）和/或文丘里管（6），作为该洗涤装置的管路。管内设有端部带有导流锥的心轴（3）、正旋翅片（2-1、2-2）和反旋翅片（5-1、5-2），正旋翅片（2-1、2-2）和反旋翅片（5-1、5-2）前后排布在端部带有导流锥的心轴（3）上。正旋翅片（2-1、2-2）与端部带有导流锥的心轴（3）构成造旋单元，反旋翅片（5-1、5-2）与端部带有导流锥的心轴（3）构成强化混合单元。

Description

一种径向颗粒洗涤装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种颗粒洗涤装置，尤其涉及一种利用旋流，空化与强化混合耦合进行径向颗粒洗涤的装置。
背景技术
在石油生产、储运、炼制、加工及使用过程中，由于事故、不正常操作及检修等原因，都会有石油烃类的溢出和排放，例如，油田开发过程中的井喷事故、油井清蜡和油田地面设备检修、炼油和石油化工生产装置检修等。目前，我国石油企业每年生产落地原油约70万吨，其中约7万吨进入土壤环境。我国的大庆、辽河等油田的重污染区的土壤表层(0-20cm)的含油量达30％-50％。
由于过去数10年间各大油田区域采用工艺相对落后、密闭性不佳，加之环境保护措施和影响评价体系相对落后、污染控制和修复技术缺乏，我国土壤石油类污染程度远高于发达国家，石油污染呈逐年累积加重态势，部分区域土壤和地下水生态环境恶化至不可修复的边缘。贾建丽等(2009)调查了国内不同油田土壤的石油烃污染状况。通过对中国内陆东北(大庆油田)、华北(华北油田)、西北(长庆油田，玉门油田)、华南(江汉油田)和华东(胜利油田)等具有不同地理、气候等区域环境的6个油田10-25cm土壤采样分析，结果表明，国内油田土壤受到了不同程度的石油烃污染。土壤中石油烃含量最高可达23％，超过所在区域环境背景值的6000-10000倍。
目前，国内外土壤修复方法主要有物理修复法、化学修复法和生物修复法等，但存在着成本高、不彻底、周期长、环境条件影响大等不足。机械清洗法是一种较为常用的去除土壤颗粒中石油类物质的方法，具有低耗，高效，二次污染小等诸多优点。
目前，国内常见的机械清洗法主要是冲击喷射反应器、搅拌容器及超声波洗涤法，但三种方法都存在一定的弊端。如专利授权公开号为CN205032119U，名称为搅拌罐。该装置虽然结构简单，但所需空间大，有较大噪声且罐中心与罐壁附近物料易产生温差，影响洗涤效果。又如专利CN102716869A，名称为悬浮式 超声波清洗装置。该装置能耗相对较高，不能满足大量颗粒同时洗涤，且消音填充材料一旦损坏，噪声污染严重。因此，需开发一种适合于我国石油类物质污染土壤颗粒的高效，低耗洗涤装置。
发明内容
鉴于以上问题，本发明提供了一种径向颗粒洗涤装置。该装置具有效率高，无运动部件能耗少，结构紧凑，节约空间等诸多优点。
具体的技术方案如下：
一种径向管式颗粒洗涤装置，该洗涤装置根据洗涤要求及进口物料的性质的不同分为三种不同形式。该装置包括设有直管和/或文丘里管，两管分别作为管路。管内设有端部带有导流锥的心轴、正旋翅片和反旋翅片。该正旋，反旋翅片前后排布在带有导流锥的心轴上。正旋翅片与带有导流锥的心轴构成造旋单元，反旋翅片与带有导流锥的心轴构成强化混合单元。
进一步，所述的直管直径为D，长度为0.3-0.6D。
进一步，所述的带有导流锥的心轴直径为0.3-0.6D，长度为D，导流锥的锥角范围为15-75°。
进一步，所述的文丘里管直径为D，长度为0.3-0.6D，收缩角范围为23-35°，扩散角为3-6°
进一步，所述的正旋翅片与反旋翅片的排布顺序可以为4种即正，反；正，正；反，正：反，反。
进一步，所述的进口处带有导流锥的心轴前端距设备进口距离为0.3-0.6D，末端距出口处带有导流锥的心轴距离为2D，出口处带有导流锥的心轴末端距出口距离为0.3-0.6D。
进一步，所述的正旋翅片的螺旋角为5-50°，反旋翅片螺旋角为5-50°
进一步，所述该径向颗粒洗涤装置进口流量范围为8.46D 2-28.26D 2m 3/h。
进一步,所述的该颗粒洗涤装置进料方式为径向进料。
进一步,所述的带有导流锥的心轴排布方式为同轴排布。
进一步,所述的该径向颗粒洗涤装置的管路排布方式可以为三种即全直管排布；全文丘里管排布；直管与文丘里管交替排布。
本发明的有益效果在于：通过导流锥使液体快速进入翅片，而后充分利用文丘里管对流体的空化及加速作用、正旋翅片的造旋作用以及反旋翅片的强化混合作用，将旋流和空化作用有机结合在一起，达到较好的洗涤效果。且具有效率高，无运动部件能耗少，结构紧凑，节约空间等特点。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的装置结构示意图；
图2是本发明的颗粒洗涤应用示意图；
图3是造旋单元的结构示意图；
图4是强化混合单元的结构示意图；
图5是直管结构示意图；
图6是文丘里管示意图。
符号说明：
1为物料进口；2-1为一级管路正旋翅片；2-2为二级管路正旋翅片；3为端部带有导流锥的心轴；4为直管；5-1为一级管路反旋翅片；5-2为二级管路反旋翅片；6为文丘里管；7为物料出口。
具体实施方式
下面，通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述。有必要在此指出的是，以下实施例只用于对本发明作进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，该领域的专业技术人员根据本发明的内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本申请的发明人经过广泛而深入的研究后发现，对于颗粒洗涤，传统的机械洗涤方法主要为冲击喷射反应器、搅拌容器及超声波洗涤法。但三种方法都存在诸多弊端，例如搅拌容器，其所需空间大，有较大噪声且罐中心与罐壁附近物料易产生温差，影响洗涤效果。又如超声洗涤装置，其能耗相对较高，不能满足大量颗粒同时洗涤，且消音填充材料一旦损坏，噪声污染严重。而采用旋流和空化有机结合的方法，可以达到良好的洗涤效果，且结构紧凑，所需空间小，能耗低，洗涤效率高，因而最具有适用性。基于以上发现，本发明得以完成。
如图1所示，为本发明的实施例1结构示意图，该径向洗涤装置主要包括：2-1一级管路正旋翅片；2-2二级管路正旋翅片；3端部带有导流锥的心轴；4直管；5-1一级管路反旋翅片；5-2二级管路反旋翅片；6文丘里管。某石化厂采用物料进口流量为30m 3/h，进口管直径为0.1m(D)。根据洗涤效果要求及物料性质，采用直管与文丘里管交替排布的形式，如图5是采用直管结构示意图，图6是采用文丘里管示意图。管路级数为两级。物料通过进口1，待洗涤颗粒随洗涤液流入一级洗涤管路。通过导流锥的导流作用，固液混合物快速进入正旋翅片2-1，通过正旋翅片2-1的造旋作用，如图3为造旋单元结构示意图，其流动形式由水平流动变为旋转流动。在旋流作用下，洗涤液与待洗颗粒充分接触，碰撞。固体颗粒中的石油类污染物与洗涤液初步形成乳化态。而后，固液混合物在经过长为2D的管程后，在导流锥的导流作用下进入反旋翅片5-1。反旋翅片5-1通过扩散，对流，剪切的作用，达到强化洗涤液与含油固体颗粒的混合效果。并提高液体紊流程度，进一步提高混合效果。而后，固液混合物在经过0.5D的管程后离开一级洗涤管路。经过一级洗涤管路，对于直径>2mm的含油固体颗粒，洗脱率达到95％以上。经一级洗涤管路处理后的固液混合物进入二级洗涤管路，一级洗涤管路与二级洗涤管路以法兰形式连接。固液混合物在经过长为0.5D的管程后，在导流锥的导流作用下快速进入正旋翅片2-2，通过正旋翅片2-2的造旋作用，含固液体旋流程度加剧，洗涤液与待洗颗粒接触，碰撞更为剧烈，洗涤效果得到显著提高。而后固液混合物在经过长为0.5D的管程后，进入文丘里管6的收缩段。通过文丘里管6的空化作用，空泡急速产生、扩张和溃灭，在液体中形成激波和高速微射流，降低石油类物质对固体颗粒的附着力。且文丘里管6独特的缩扩结构使得压力降低，根据伯努利方程，流速增加，从而达到加速流动的效果。速度的增大亦会使雷诺数增加，进一步增加紊流的程度，强化固体颗粒洗涤效果。经过文丘里管6的缩扩段的洗涤液及固体颗粒，再经长为0.5D的管程后，在导流锥的导流作用下，进入反旋翅片，强化混合。如图4为强化混合单元结构示意图。而后经长为0.5D的管程留出洗涤装置，完成洗涤。经过二级洗涤管路的洗涤，对于直径>2mm的含油固体颗粒，去油率达到98％以上。对于直径为0.05-2mm的含油固体颗粒，洗脱率达到80％以上。
如图2所示，为本发明的颗粒洗涤应用示意图，其中1为储液罐，2为振动 筛，3为径向颗粒洗涤装置，4为加热器，5为闪蒸罐。洗涤液自储液罐1经过管道进入振动筛2，通过振动筛顶部的布液器均布在待洗涤的的固体颗粒上。通过振动筛的筛选，粒径较大的颗粒直接回填，粒径较小的颗粒与洗涤液一起进入径向颗粒洗涤装置。通过调节洗涤液与径向颗粒洗涤装置之间管路的阀门开度，调整固液比，防止管道堵塞。固体颗粒与洗涤液经径向颗粒洗涤装置充分洗涤后，进入加热器4，使固体颗粒烘干，烘干后的固体颗粒进行回填。经加热器4加热后的洗涤液与石油类物质的混合蒸汽进入闪蒸罐5，经过闪蒸罐5的闪蒸作用，使得洗涤液与石油类物质分离，石油类物质去回收，洗涤液进入储液罐1实现循环。其中，径向颗粒洗涤装置3相对于搅拌罐，超声洗涤等传统的洗涤装置具有结构紧凑，所需空间小，能耗低，洗涤效率高，适用性好等诸多优点。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种径向颗粒洗涤装置，其特征在于，所述装置包含直管和/或文丘里管，设置在管内端部带有导流锥的心轴、正旋翅片和反旋翅片；所述正旋翅片与带有导流锥的心轴构成造旋单元，所述反旋翅片与带有导流锥的心轴构成强化混合单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的直管直径为D，长度为3-6D。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的文丘里管直径为D，长度为3-6D，收缩角范围为20-40°，扩散角为3-6°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的带有导流锥的心轴排布方式为同轴排布；所述的带有导流锥的心轴直径为0.3-0.6D，长度为1.1-1.3D，导流锥的锥角范围为15-75°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的正旋翅片的螺旋角为5-50°，反旋翅片螺旋角为5-50°。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的该颗粒洗涤装置的管路排布方式是如下三种：全直管排布、全文丘里管排布或直管与文丘里管交替排布。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的正旋翅片与反旋翅片的排布顺序可以为4种即正，反；正，正；反，正：反，反。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的进口处带有导流锥的心轴前端距设备进口距离为0.3-0.6D，末端距出口处带有导流锥的心轴距离为1.8-2.5D，出口处带有导流锥的心轴末端距出口距离为0.3-0.6D。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于,所述该径向颗粒洗涤装置进口流量范围为2826D 2-8478D 2m 3/h
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于,所述的该颗粒洗涤装置进料方式为径向进料。
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