WO2019023054A1 - Traitement de compositions aqueuses de déchets de charbon - Google Patents

Traitement de compositions aqueuses de déchets de charbon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019023054A1
WO2019023054A1 PCT/US2018/043067 US2018043067W WO2019023054A1 WO 2019023054 A1 WO2019023054 A1 WO 2019023054A1 US 2018043067 W US2018043067 W US 2018043067W WO 2019023054 A1 WO2019023054 A1 WO 2019023054A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
water
consolidated material
stream
soluble salt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/043067
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul C. PAINTER
Bruce G. Miller
Aron Lupinsky
Original Assignee
Extrakt Process Solutions, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Extrakt Process Solutions, Llc filed Critical Extrakt Process Solutions, Llc
Publication of WO2019023054A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019023054A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/148—Combined use of inorganic and organic substances, being added in the same treatment step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/18—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to dewatering and consolidation of aqueous coal waste compositions which can include fines and process water.
  • the process comprises treating an aqueous coal waste composition, which can include solids, some or all of which are sized as fines, and process water.
  • the process can include treating the composition with at least one highly water soluble salt or solution thereof to form a treated composition.
  • the process can further include treating the composition with either or both of (i) at least one polymer flocculant or solution thereof and/or (ii) optionally coarse particles, e.g. , sand, to form the treated composition.
  • the treated composition can include a consolidated material in the process water, which can then be advantageously separated from the process water.
  • the consolidated material can then be placed in lined landfills or used as a source of building materials or valuable minerals.
  • the process water can be separated from the consolidated material by any one or more of decanting, filtering, vacuuming, gravity draining, electrofiltering, etc. or combinations thereof.
  • separating the process water from the consolidated material can include mechanically dewatering the consolidated material, e.g., mechanically dewatering the consolidated material by a dewatering screw, industrial filter press, e.g., a plate and frame press, recessed plate and frame filter presses, automatic filter presses, etc Once separated, the consolidated material can be transferred for further dewatering or disposal.
  • Figure 3 shows pictures of vials containing waste coal slurry treated according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The pictures show coal slurry after adding an ionic solution (left), then centrifuging (middle) and after removal of supernatant solution (right).
  • the process includes treating the composition with the highly water soluble salt(s) or an aqueous solution thereof to form a treated composition including a consolidated material, e.g., consolidated solids and/or fines, in process water.
  • a consolidated material e.g., consolidated solids and/or fines
  • the process water can then be separated from the consolidated material.
  • the consolidated material has a solids content of at least 45% by weight, e.g. , a solids content of greater than about 50% and higher than about 60%, 65%, 70% and 75% by weight.
  • the highly water soluble salts used in the processes of the present disclosure are preferably non-hydrolyzing.
  • Hydrolyzing salts undergo hydrolysis when added to water to form metal hydroxides, which precipitate from the solution. Such hydrolyzing salts are believed to form open floes with inferior solids content and cannot be readily recycled for use with additional coal waste compositions in continuous or semi- continuous processes.
  • hydrolyzing salts typically have low solubility in water and are used at elevated temperatures to ensure sufficient solubility for aggregation, which is an energy intensive process. See US 4,225,433 which discloses the use of lime as a coagulating agent at a temperature of 75 °C.
  • ammonium based salts such as ammonium acetate (NH4C2H 3 O2), ammonium chloride (NH4CI), ammonium bromide (NH 4 Br), ammonium carbonate ((NKU ⁇ CCh), ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 S04), ammonium hydrogen sulfate (NH4HSO4), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), ammonium hydrogen phosphate (( ⁇ 4 ) 2 ⁇ 0 4 ), ammonium phosphate ((NH ) 3 P0 4 ), etc. Mixtures of such salts can also be used.
  • ammonium based salts such as ammonium acetate (NH4C2H 3 O2), ammonium chloride (NH4CI), ammonium bromide (NH 4 Br), ammonium carbonate ((NKU ⁇ CCh), ammonium bicarbonate (
  • Ammonium based salts are useful for practicing the present disclosure since residual ammonium based salts on the consolidated material after combining the salt with the aqueous coal waste compositions can be beneficial to plant life.
  • many of the ammonium based salts are useful as fertilizers, e.g., ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, etc.
  • Many of the monovalent sulfate and phosphate salts are also useful as fertilizers.
  • the highly water soluble salt or salts used in the processes of the present disclosui'e can preferably be non-toxic and beneficial to plant life to aid in environmental remediation and the restoration of mine sites.
  • Highly water soluble salts that ca be used in practicing the present process can also include salts having multivalent cations.
  • Such salts include, for example, divalent cation salts such as calcium and magnesium cation salts, such as calcium chloride (( ' ⁇ !( " ! >).
  • the highly water soluble salt(s) can be used to treat compositions of the present disclosure as a solid, e.g., combining the salt as a powder with the composition.
  • the salt can be used to treat as a solution, e.g., combining an aqueous salt solution with the compositions.
  • Seawater includes a mixture of salts, containing not only sodium cations and chlorine anions (together totaling about 85% of the dissolved salts present), but also sulfate anions and calcium, potassium and magnesium cations. There are other ions present (such as bicarbonate), but these are the main components.
  • Another natural source of highly soluble salts that can be used as a source of highly soluble sal ts includes a hypersaline body of water, e.g., a hypersaline lake, pond, or reservoir.
  • a hypersaline body of water is a body of water that has a high concentration of sodium chloride and other highly soluble salts with saline levels surpassing ocean water, e.g., greater than 3.8 wt% and typically greater than about 10 wt%.
  • Such hypersaline bodies of water are located on the surface of the earth and also subsurface, which can be brought to the surface as a result of ore mining operations.
  • implementations of the process of the present disclosure include, for example, (i) treating an aqueous coal waste composition with at least one highly water soluble salt to form a treated composition including a consolidated material in the process water, (ii) treating the composition with at least one highly water soluble salt and at least one polymer flocculant to form a treated composition including a consolidated material in the process water, (lii) treating the composition with at least one highly water soluble salt, and coarse particles to form a treated composition including a consolidated material in the process water, and (iv) treating the composition with at least one highly water soluble salt, at least one polymer flocculant and coarse particles to form a treated composition including a consolidated material in the process water.
  • Each of these implementations can include aqueous solutions of the salt and/or polymer flocculant to treat the composition.
  • Each of these implementations can include separating the process water from the consolidated material. The process water can then he readily separated from the consolidated material as, for example, by one or more of decanting, filtering, gravity draining, electrofiltering, cross- flow filtering, vacuuming and other evaporating techniques, etc. and/or by one or more of a device for dewatering consolidated material such as a centrifuge, decanting centrifuge, dewatering screw, hydrocyclone, vacuum belt filter, industrial filter press, e.g., a plate and frame press, recessed plate and frame filter presses, automatic filter presses, etc.
  • the separated consolidated material can be disposed or deposited in a containment structure which allows removal of released water from the consolidated material.
  • the process water separated from the consolidated material can be concentrated and cycled back to treat additional compositions.
  • the concentration of the one or more polymer flocculant(s) in the treated composition has a dosage (weight of the flocculantis) to weight of the solids in the composition, e.g., composition) of no less than zero and up to about 0,005 wt%, e.g., up to about 0,01 wt% and in some implementations up to about 0.015 wt%, 0.020 wt%, 0.025 wt%, 0.03 wt%, or 0.04 wt%.
  • the aqueous solution of the highly water soluble salt(s) and polymer flocculant(s) can be used to treat the composition and can be combined with such compositions at a ratio of between 5.0; 1 .0 and 1.0:5.0, e.g., at a ratio between 1.5: 1.0 to 1.0: 1.5 of composition to aqueous solution.
  • sand can be combined with the composition before, during, or after combining the composition with the aqueous solution of salt and/or polymer flocculant.
  • aqueous coal waste compositions which include fines and process water
  • Treating compositions in this manner can cause destabilization and consolidation of the solids, e.g., fines and coarse panicles, in the treated composition to form a consolidated material, which can aggregate relatively quickly, in the process water.
  • the process water can then be readily separated from the consolidated material.
  • a rare earth element as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements because they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties. Many of the REE are used in electronic devices, magnets, high performance coatings.
  • Another aspect of processes of the present disclosure includes consolidating an aqueous composition of coal waste, which include REE materials, by treating the composition with at least one highly water soluble salt, e.g., an ammonium based salt such as ammonium sulfate, to form a treated composition including a consolidated material in process water which includes the REE materials in the process water and/or among the consolidated materials.
  • the treated composition consolidates the fines and also separates REE materials from the solids and into the process water. The process water can then be separated from the consolidated material and the REE materials can be recovered from the separated process water.
  • the separated process water includes REE materials and the process further includes recovering at least a portion of the separated process water and recovering the REE materials.
  • FIG. 1A schematically illustrates such an exemplary continuous or semi- continuous process.
  • aqueous coal waste compositions including fines and process water are treated with one or more highly water soluble sait(s), and optionally one or more polymer flocculant(s) and optionally coarse panicles (sand) by combining a stream of the salt(s) ( 1 01 a), which can be an aqueous solution with a stream of the composition (103a).
  • the composition can also be treated with one or more polymer flocculant(s) by combining a stream of the flocculants(s) (102a), which can be as an aqueous solution, with the composition stream (103a).
  • the salts(s) and flocculant(s) can be combined together as a solution to treat the composition as a stream thereof.
  • Coarse particles (sand) can also be added to the composition or stream thereof and/or to any or all of the solution streams.
  • the solution streams of salt(s) and polymer(s) can be sourced from storage areas 101 and 102, respectively, and the streams of coal waste and sand can be sourced from storage areas such as tanks or ponds 103 and 105, respectively.
  • the coal waste can be sourced directly from a coal waste generating operation.
  • the stream of salt(s) (101a) and polymer(s) (102a) and coal waste stream (103a) are carried to mixing device 107 and the combination mixed.
  • a stream of sand optionally can be added to the streams of salt(s) and polymer(s) (105a) or to coal waste composition stream (105b), for example).
  • Mixing device 107 can be an inline mixer, a mixing tank, ribbon mixer or other mixing device that can mix streams 101a, 102a, 103a and optionally 105a.
  • the coal waste composition is combined with the sait(s) followed by polymer(s) and as solutions.
  • the coal waste composition can be treated with an aqueous solution including both the salt(s) and polymer(s).
  • the combination of the streams in a line can cause sufficient mixing, e.g., inline mixing, to eliminate the need for a separate mixing device and the combined streams can be carried directly to a mechanical dewatering device to separate consolidated material from process water.
  • a stream of separated process water (1 1 1 ) can be recovered and collected in a tank or pond and separated consolidated material (1 13) can be recovered.
  • the process water (111) includes the process water from the aqueous coal waste composition and from stream 10 la and thus includes residual salt(s) from the one or more highly water soluble salt(s) and can possibly include residual polymer(s) from the one or more polymer flocculant(s). If the aqueous coal waste composition includes REE materials, the stream of process water (111) can also include REE materials. There can also be highly water soluble salts that are constituents of the original aqueous coal waste composition and these become part of the recovered process water (111).
  • FIG. IB schematically illustrates another exemplary continuous or semi- continuous process in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a stream of an aqueous coal waste composition that has been thickened with polymer ilocculant e.g., a thickener underflow coal waste stream
  • Such a stream can include about 20 wt% to about 50 wt% solids and a polymer ilocculant.
  • Such thickener underflow streams can still benefit from treatment with a highly water soluble salt and optionally additional polymer ilocculant to further consolidate solids in accordance with processes of the present disclosure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés de consolidation de compositions aqueuses de déchets de charbon comprenant des solides et de l'eau de procédé. Les procédés consistent à mélanger la composition avec un sel hautement hydrosoluble ou une solution aqueuse de celui-ci afin de déstabiliser et de consolider des solides dans les compositions et à séparer les solides consolidés de l'eau de procédé. Un polymère hydrosoluble et des particules grossières, par exemple du sable, peuvent également être utilisés dans le traitement des compositions.
PCT/US2018/043067 2017-07-24 2018-07-20 Traitement de compositions aqueuses de déchets de charbon WO2019023054A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201762536179P 2017-07-24 2017-07-24
US62/536,179 2017-07-24

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10913670B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2021-02-09 Extrakt Process Solutions, Llc Oil sands tailings treatment
US11027993B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2021-06-08 Extrakt Process Solutions, Llc Oil sands tailings treatment

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4270609A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-06-02 Choules G Lew Tar sand extraction process
EP0787540A1 (fr) * 1994-09-29 1997-08-06 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Produit chemique de traitement de dechets et procede de mise au rebut desdits dechets
US20110131873A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2011-06-09 David Soane Systems and methods for removing finely dispersed particulate matter from a fluid stream
US20140116956A1 (en) * 2012-10-28 2014-05-01 SYNCRUDE CANADA LTD. in trust for the owners of the Syncrude Project Fort McMurray Co-processing of fluid fine tailings and fresh oil sands tailings
WO2016174582A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Basf Se Séparation de suspensions de matières solides à l'aide d'un polymère hydrosoluble et d'un agent chimique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4270609A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-06-02 Choules G Lew Tar sand extraction process
EP0787540A1 (fr) * 1994-09-29 1997-08-06 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Produit chemique de traitement de dechets et procede de mise au rebut desdits dechets
US20110131873A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2011-06-09 David Soane Systems and methods for removing finely dispersed particulate matter from a fluid stream
US20140116956A1 (en) * 2012-10-28 2014-05-01 SYNCRUDE CANADA LTD. in trust for the owners of the Syncrude Project Fort McMurray Co-processing of fluid fine tailings and fresh oil sands tailings
WO2016174582A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Basf Se Séparation de suspensions de matières solides à l'aide d'un polymère hydrosoluble et d'un agent chimique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10913670B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2021-02-09 Extrakt Process Solutions, Llc Oil sands tailings treatment
US11027993B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2021-06-08 Extrakt Process Solutions, Llc Oil sands tailings treatment

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