WO2019019684A1 - 视角可切换显示装置 - Google Patents

视角可切换显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019019684A1
WO2019019684A1 PCT/CN2018/081393 CN2018081393W WO2019019684A1 WO 2019019684 A1 WO2019019684 A1 WO 2019019684A1 CN 2018081393 W CN2018081393 W CN 2018081393W WO 2019019684 A1 WO2019019684 A1 WO 2019019684A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film
light
disposed
display device
viewing angle
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PCT/CN2018/081393
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李敏敏
吕志平
王祖超
Original Assignee
张家港康得新光电材料有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201710625190.XA external-priority patent/CN107229145A/zh
Application filed by 张家港康得新光电材料有限公司 filed Critical 张家港康得新光电材料有限公司
Publication of WO2019019684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019684A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of anti-spy display, and in particular to a view switchable display device.
  • the first one is 3M's anti-spy film technology, and the blind film structure of the blind film has only a certain small angle. The range of light can be emitted, the observer can only see it in front, and the large angle position is not observed; the second is HP's view switching technology used in the EliteBook 1040 and EliteBook 840 notebooks, both sides
  • the LEDs are individually turned off and combined with the different curvature structures of the inverse prism to realize the change of the viewing angle, thereby realizing the anti-seepage state of the narrow viewing angle and the non-anti-seeping state of the wide viewing angle.
  • the above two anti-peep viewing angles can be switched in the display device, the first one can achieve better results, but can only be used for a small angle range, can not be switched; the second optical system is more complicated, and the viewing angle is wide angle state Asymmetric left and right.
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a view switchable display device to solve the problem that the anti-spy display cannot be realized in a simple and low-energy manner in the prior art.
  • a viewing angle switchable display device includes: a light collimation module; a light viewing angle switching module disposed in the light collimation module
  • the light-viewing switching module includes: a first conductive film disposed on a side close to the light collimation module; a second conductive film disposed opposite to the first conductive film, and the first conductive film a gap is formed between the second conductive film and the second conductive film; the switching structure film is disposed in the gap, and the surface of the switching structure film away from the first conductive film or away from the second conductive film is a first surface, and the first surface
  • the surface is a concave-convex surface, and the first surface comprises a plurality of sequentially arranged microstructures; an electro-optic material is disposed in the gap and disposed on the first surface.
  • the viewing angle switchable display device further includes an alignment layer disposed between the first surface and the electro-optic material.
  • the above-mentioned switching structure film is a UV resin film.
  • the cross section of the above microstructure along the thickness direction of the diffusion structure film includes a curve and/or a straight line.
  • microstructure is a prism or a cylindrical mirror.
  • the light collimation module includes: a light source; a light guide plate, one side of the light guide plate is disposed opposite to the light source, and the first light guide surface of the light guide plate includes a non-printed dot, the first light guide surface a prism film disposed on the second light guiding surface of the light guiding plate, wherein the second light guiding surface is disposed parallel to and opposite to the first light guiding surface, and the first conductive film is disposed on the prism film Keep away from the side of the above light guide.
  • the prism film is a reverse prism film, and the reverse prism film includes a plurality of reverse prisms arranged in series, and a vertex angle of the reverse prism faces the second light guiding surface.
  • a cross section perpendicular to the first light guiding surface (70) of each of the reverse prisms is a triangle, and the three corners of the triangle are 90°- ⁇ , 45°+0.5 ⁇ , and 45°+0.5, respectively.
  • ⁇ , and the angle of 90°- ⁇ is a base angle, and ⁇ is an angle between the light emitted from the light guide plate and the second light guiding surface, and 10° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 20°.
  • the light collimation module further includes: a reflective film disposed on the first light guiding surface.
  • the light collimation module further includes a diffusion film disposed between the light guide plate and the prism film, the prism film comprising: a first positive prism film disposed on a side of the diffusion film away from the light guide plate
  • the first positive prism film includes a plurality of first positive prisms arranged in a first direction, and a second positive prism film disposed on a side of the first positive prism film away from the diffusion film, and the second positive
  • the prism film includes a plurality of second positive prisms arranged in the second direction, each of the positive prisms is disposed on a side of the first positive prism film away from the prism film, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and The first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the first light guiding surface.
  • the light collimation module further includes: a louver film disposed on a surface of the prism film remote from the light guide plate, wherein the louver film includes a light shielding portion and a light transmitting portion which are alternately disposed.
  • the viewing angle switchable display device includes a light collimation module and a light viewing angle switching module, and the light collimation module emits most of the light in a collimated state, and the light viewing angle switching module is mainly used.
  • the view switchable display device is switched between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, thereby implementing an anti-peep mode and a non-anti-peep mode.
  • the ray viewing angle switching module includes two conductive films, and a switching structure film and an electro-optic material are disposed in a gap between the two conductive films, the refractive index of the switching structure film is n1, and the refractive index of the electro-optic material is n2 or n3, and One of n2 or n3 is equal to n1.
  • the refractive index of the electro-optic material changes from n2 to n3 or from n3 to n2.
  • the above-mentioned viewing angle switchable display device has a simple optical structure and consumes less energy, and can realize anti-spy display without increasing the number of light sources.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a ray viewing angle switching module of the present application.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of another ray viewing angle switching module of the present application.
  • FIG. 1c is a schematic structural diagram of still another ray viewing angle switching module of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a light collimating module of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of another light collimation module of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a top plan view showing the second positive prism film of Fig. 3.
  • the view switchable display device in the prior art cannot implement the anti-peep switch display in a low energy consumption manner by using a simple optical structure.
  • the present application proposes a view switchable. Display device.
  • a view switchable display device includes a light collimation module and a line view switching module.
  • the line view switch module is disposed in the above manner.
  • the light viewing angle switching module includes a first conductive film 6, a second conductive film 9, a switching structure film 7, and an electro-optic material 8, and the first conductive film 6 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-collimating module.
  • a second conductive film 9 is disposed opposite to the first conductive film 6, and a gap is formed between the first conductive film 6 and the second conductive film 9; and the switching structure film 7 is disposed.
  • the surface of the switching structure film 7 away from the first conductive film 6 or away from the second conductive film 9 is the first surface 70, and the first surface 70 is a concave-convex surface, and the first surface 70 includes a plurality of sequentially arranged microstructures;
  • the electro-optic material 8 is disposed in the gap and disposed on the first surface 70, and the cross section of the microstructure along the thickness direction of the switching structure film 7 includes only a straight line; as shown in FIG. 1b,
  • the ray viewing angle switching module is substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 1a, except that the cross section of the microstructure along the thickness direction of the switching structure film 7 only includes a curve, as shown in FIG. 1c.
  • the ray viewing angle switching module is substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 1b, except that the first surface 70 is a concave surface; in yet another embodiment, the microstructure is cross-section along the thickness direction of the switching structure film 7. For the combination of curves and lines, the description of the drawings is not repeated here.
  • the viewing angle switchable display device includes a light collimation module and a light viewing angle switching module. As shown in FIG. 2, the light collimation module emits most of the collimated light, and the optical viewing angle switching module is mainly used for The view switchable display device is switched between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, thereby implementing an anti-peep mode and a non-anti-peep mode.
  • the switching structure film may be disposed in a gap between the first conductive film and the second conductive film, and may be disposed in contact with the first conductive film or may be disposed in contact with the second conductive film.
  • the electro-optic material is disposed in a gap between the second conductive film and the first surface; when it is disposed in contact with the second conductive film, the electro-optic material is disposed between the first conductive film and the first surface In the gap.
  • the ray viewing angle switching module includes two conductive films, and a switching structure film and an electro-optic material are disposed in a gap between the two conductive films, the refractive index of the switching structure film is n1, and the refractive index of the electro-optic material is n2 or n3, and One of n2 or n3 is equal to n1.
  • the refractive index of the electro-optic material changes from n2 to n3 or from n3 to n2.
  • the above-mentioned viewing angle switchable display device has a simple optical structure and consumes less energy, and can realize anti-spy display and can be switched to a non-anti-peep state without increasing the number of light sources.
  • the electro-optic material of the present application may be any material having two refractive indices in the prior art, that is, the refractive index is different under different states, and a person skilled in the art may select a suitable electro-optic material according to actual conditions.
  • the viewing angle switchable display device further includes an alignment layer disposed on the first surface, in order to make the optical axis directions of the plurality of electro-optic materials in the same direction at the same time. 70 is between the above electro-optic material 8.
  • the alignment layer is formed of polyimide, and the alignment layer is formed by a rubbing process or a photo-alignment process.
  • the alignment layer of the present application and the specific forming process thereof are not limited to the materials and processes described above, and those skilled in the art may select a suitable material to form an alignment layer according to actual conditions, or may select an appropriate process according to actual conditions to form the above alignment.
  • Floor may select a suitable material to form an alignment layer according to actual conditions, or may select an appropriate process according to actual conditions to form the above alignment.
  • the above-described switching structure film 7 is a UV resin film which is formed by curing.
  • the UV resin material is first placed in a corresponding mold, and then the UV resin is cured by curing, including ultraviolet curing or heat curing, and finally, demolding to obtain a UV resin film.
  • the cross section of the microstructure described along the thickness direction of the switching structure film 7 includes a curve and/or a straight line. That is, the cross section of the microstructure along the thickness direction of the switching structure film may include only a curve, or may include only a straight line, and may also include a connecting line and a curve at the same time.
  • a person skilled in the art can select a microstructure of a suitable shape according to the actual situation.
  • the cross section of the microstructure shown in FIG. 1 in the thickness direction of the switching structure film includes only a curve.
  • the microstructure is a prism or a cylindrical mirror.
  • each microstructure is a prism.
  • each microstructure is a cylindrical mirror.
  • the plurality of microstructures of the first surface are not necessarily the same microstructure, and the same includes the same shape and size, and may also be different microstructures.
  • the first surface includes two types at the same time.
  • the shape of the microstructure one is a prism, and the other is a cylindrical lens;
  • the first surface includes a shape of the microstructure, the microstructure is a cylindrical mirror, but the size of the cylindrical mirror at different positions is different.
  • a person skilled in the art can set a suitable shape and a suitable size of the microstructure according to the actual situation, which will not be exemplified here.
  • the electro-optic material in the present application may be any material having a birefringence.
  • the electro-optic material is a liquid crystal, and may be a positive liquid crystal or a negative liquid crystal. Select the appropriate type of liquid crystal for the actual situation.
  • the light collimation module in the present application can adopt any structure capable of emitting most of the collimated light in the prior art, and those skilled in the art can select a suitable structure as the light collimation module according to actual conditions.
  • the light collimation module includes a light source 1, a light guide plate 3, and a prism film 5, wherein a side surface 31 of the light guide plate 3 is disposed opposite to the light source 1
  • the first light guiding surface 32 of the light guiding plate 3 includes a non-printing dot, that is, the dot on the first light guiding surface 32 is formed by a non-printing method, and specifically may be a laser etching method or a chemical etching method.
  • the angle between 33 is shown in Figure 2.
  • the first light guiding surface 32 is perpendicular to the side surface 31; the prism film 5 is disposed on the second light guiding surface 33 of the light guiding plate 3, and the second light guiding surface 33 is parallel and opposite to the first light guiding surface 32.
  • the first conductive film 6 is disposed on a side of the prism film 5 remote from the light guide plate 3.
  • the prism film 5 is used to converge the light emitted from the light guide plate 3 so that most of the emitted light is in a collimated state.
  • the prism film is a reverse prism film
  • the reverse prism film includes a plurality of reverse prisms 50 arranged in sequence.
  • the reverse prism 50 converges the light emitted by the light guide plate so that most of the emitted light is in a collimated state.
  • the reverse prism in the present application refers to a prism whose apex angle faces the second light guiding surface of the light guide plate 3, that is, an inverted prism.
  • a cross section perpendicular to the first light guiding surface of the reverse prism 50 is a triangle, and the triangle of the triangle is used to achieve a better convergence effect on the light emitted from the light guide plate.
  • the bottom angle of the 90°- ⁇ is closer to the light source than the other bottom corner of the same reverse prism, that is, in order to better ensure the convergence of the light by the reverse prism.
  • the base angle of 90°- ⁇ is set on the left side (the left side here refers to the left-hand side of the person facing the screen or the paper).
  • the reverse prism film includes a substrate and a reverse prism layer, and the reverse prism layer includes a plurality of inverse prisms, and the plurality of reverse prisms are disposed on the substrate.
  • the light collimation module further includes a reflective film 2 disposed on the first light guiding surface.
  • the reflective film can reflect more light into the light guide plate, thereby further improving the brightness of the light guide plate, thereby improving the brightness of the view switchable display device.
  • the light collimation module further includes a diffusion film 4 disposed between the light guide plate 3 and the prism film 5, and the prism film 5 includes the first positive a prism film 51 and a second positive prism film 52, the first positive prism film 51 is disposed on a side of the diffusion film 4 away from the light guide plate 3, and the first positive prism film 51 includes a plurality of sequentially arranged in the first direction.
  • a first positive prism a second positive prism film 52 disposed on a side of the first positive prism film 51 away from the diffusion film 4, and the second positive prism film 52 includes a plurality of second layers sequentially arranged in a second direction
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction
  • the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the first light guiding surface. Convergence of light is achieved by arranging two positive prism layers perpendicular to the direction.
  • This embodiment has a high degree of view symmetry and better applicability.
  • the arrangement direction of the first positive prism in the first positive prism film is in the horizontal direction. It is also inward along the vertical paper or display screen, which is not limited herein, that is, it is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. It may also be reversed, that is, the arrangement direction of the second positive prism is the same as the arrangement direction of the first positive prism in FIG. 3, and the arrangement direction of the first positive prism is along the vertical paper surface or the display screen.
  • the prism film includes the first positive prism film and the second positive prism film
  • the first positive prism film includes a first substrate and a first positive prism layer
  • the first positive prism layer includes a plurality of positive prisms
  • the plurality of positive prisms Provided on the first substrate
  • the second positive prism film includes a second substrate 521 and a second positive prism layer 522
  • the second positive prism layer 522 includes a plurality of positive prisms, and the plurality of positive prisms are disposed at
  • the second substrate 521 is disposed on the second substrate 521 on a side of the second substrate 521 away from the first positive prism film 51.
  • the light collimation module further includes a louver film disposed on the prism film 5 away from the above.
  • the louver film On the surface of the light guide plate 3, the louver film includes a light shielding portion and a light transmitting portion which are alternately disposed.
  • the louver film further includes a louver substrate, and the light shielding portion and the light transmitting portion are both disposed on the louver substrate.
  • the viewing angle switchable display device comprises a light collimation module and a light viewing angle switching module disposed on a light exiting side of the light collimation module.
  • the structure diagram of the light collimation module is shown in FIG. 2 , and the module includes a light source 1 , a reflective film 2 , a light guide plate 3 , and a reverse prism film .
  • the light source is an LED light source, and one side of the light guide plate is opposite to the light source 1 .
  • the cross section of the direction is a triangle, and the three corners of the above triangle are 80°, 50°, and 50°, respectively, and the angle of 80° is a bottom angle close to the light source.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ray viewing angle switching module.
  • the ray viewing angle switching module includes a first conductive film 6, a second conductive film 9, a switching structure film 7, and an electro-optic material 8.
  • the first conductive film 6 is disposed adjacent to the light.
  • the second conductive film 9 is disposed opposite to the first conductive film 6, and the first conductive film 6 and the second conductive film 9 have a gap therebetween, and the first light guiding film and the second film
  • the light guiding film is an ITO film
  • the concave surface comprises a plurality of microstructures, the sections of the microstructures along the thickness direction of the switching structure film are curved, and the electro-optic material 8 is a positive liquid crystal material and is disposed in the gap and disposed on the first surface 70.
  • the angle between the emitted light and the second surface of the light guide plate is between 10° and 20° by adjusting the non-printing dot of the first surface of the light guide plate.
  • the shape of the reverse prism is adaptively adjusted; in the light viewing angle switching module, depending on the liquid crystal material selected, the short-axis refractive index is between 1.49 and 1.51, and the long-axis refractive index is between 1.61 and 1.81, and switching
  • the refractive index of the resin material used for the structural film can be adjusted between 1.35 and 1.65.
  • the viewing angle switchable display device has a simple optical structure, low energy consumption, and good anti-spying effect.
  • the viewing angle switchable display device of the present application comprises a light collimation module and a light viewing angle switching module, wherein the light collimation module emits most of the light in a collimated state, and the light viewing angle switching module is mainly used to switch the viewing angle.
  • the display device switches between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, thereby implementing an anti-peep mode and a non-anti-peep mode.
  • the ray viewing angle switching module includes two conductive films, and a switching structure film and an electro-optic material are disposed in a gap between the two conductive films, the refractive index of the switching structure film is n1, and the refractive index of the electro-optic material is n2 or n3, and One of n2 or n3 is equal to n1.
  • the refractive index of the electro-optic material changes from n2 to n3 or from n3 to n2.
  • the above-mentioned viewing angle switchable display device has a simple optical structure and consumes less energy, and can realize anti-spy display without increasing the number of light sources.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供了一种视角可切换显示装置。该视角可切换显示装置包括光线准直模组与光线视角切换模组，光线视角切换模组设置在光线准直模组的出光侧，光线视角切换模组包括第一导电膜、第二导电膜、切换结构膜与电光材料，第一导电膜设置在靠近光线准直模组的一侧；第二导电膜与第一导电膜相对设置，且第一导电膜与第二导电膜之间具有间隙；切换结构膜设置在间隙中，切换结构膜的远离第一导电膜或远离第二导电膜的表面为第一表面，且第一表面为凹凸表面，第一表面包括多个依次排列的微结构；电光材料设置在间隙中，且设置在第一表面上。该视角可切换显示装置中光学结构简单，且耗能较少，且无需增加光源的数量，就能实现防窥显示。

Description

视角可切换显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及防窥显示领域，具体而言，涉及一种视角可切换显示装置。
背景技术
目前，市场上有多种防窥视角可切换显示装置，实现防窥显示的主要技术有两种，第一种是3M公司的防窥膜技术，其百叶窗结构的防窥膜，只有特定小角度范围的光可射出，观察者只能在正前方可以看清，大角度位置则观察不到；第二种是惠普在EliteBook 1040和EliteBook 840两款笔记本中采用的视角可切换技术，通过两侧LED单独关闭再结合逆棱镜不同曲率结构实现视角的变化，进而实现窄视角的防窥态与宽视角的非防窥态。
上述的两种防窥视角可切换显示装置中，第一种可以实现较佳效果，但仅供小角度范围使用，不能切换；第二种的光学系统比较复杂，并且，在广视角状态下视角左右不对称。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种视角可切换显示装置，以解决现有技术中无法以简单且低能耗的方式实现防窥显示的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种视角可切换显示装置，该视角可切换显示装置包括：光线准直模组；光线视角切换模组，设置在上述光线准直模组的出光侧，上述光线视角切换模组包括：第一导电膜，设置在靠近上述光线准直模组的一侧；第二导电膜，与上述第一导电膜相对设置，且上述第一导电膜与上述第二导电膜之间具有间隙；切换结构膜，设置在上述间隙中，上述切换结构膜的远离上述第一导电膜或远离上述第二导电膜的表面为第一表面，且上述第一表面为凹凸表面，上述第一表面包括多个依次排列的微结构；电光材料，设置在上述间隙中，且设置在上述第一表面上。
进一步地，上述视角可切换显示装置还包括：配向层，设置在上述第一表面与上述电光材料之间。
进一步地，上述切换结构膜为UV树脂膜。
进一步地，上述微结构沿上述扩散结构膜的厚度方向的截面包括曲线和/或直线。
进一步地，上述微结构为棱镜或柱镜。
进一步地，上述光线准直模组包括：光源；导光板，上述导光板的一个侧面与上述光源相对设置，且上述导光板的第一导光表面包括非印刷式网点，上述第一导光表面与上述侧面 垂直；棱镜膜，设置在上述导光板的第二导光表面上，上述第二导光表面与上述第一导光表面平行且相对设置，上述第一导电膜设置在上述棱镜膜的远离上述导光板的一侧。
进一步地，上述棱镜膜为逆棱镜膜，上述逆棱镜膜包括多个依次排列的逆棱镜，上述逆棱镜的顶角朝向上述第二导光表面。
进一步地，各上述逆棱镜的垂直于上述第一导光表面(70)方向的截面为三角形，且上述三角形的三个角分别是90°-α、45°+0.5×α与45°+0.5×α，且90°-α的角为一个底角，α为上述导光板的出射光线与上述第二导光表面之间的夹角，且10°≤α≤20°。
进一步地，上述光线准直模组还包括：反射膜，设置在上述第一导光表面上。
进一步地，上述光线准直模组还包括设置在上述导光板与上述棱镜膜之间的扩散膜，上述棱镜膜包括：第一正棱镜膜，设置在上述扩散膜的远离上述导光板的一侧，上述第一正棱镜膜包括沿第一方向依次排列的多个第一正棱镜；第二正棱镜膜，设置在上述第一正棱镜膜的远离上述扩散膜的一侧，且上述第二正棱镜膜包括沿第二方向依次排列的多个第二正棱镜，各上述正棱镜设置在上述第一正棱镜膜的远离上述棱镜膜的一侧，上述第一方向与上述第二方向垂直，且上述第一方向以及上述第二方向均与上述第一导光表面平行。
进一步地，上述光线准直模组还包括：百叶窗膜，设置在上述棱镜膜的远离上述导光板的表面上，所百叶窗膜包括交替设置的遮光部与透光部。
应用本申请的技术方案，该视角可切换显示装置中包括光线准直模组与光线视角切换模组，光线准直模组发出大部分为准直状态的光，光线视角切换模组则主要用于将视角可切换显示装置在宽视角以及窄视角之间切换，进而实现防窥模式与非防窥模式。
光线视角切换模组包括两个导电膜，且两个导电膜之间的间隙中设置有切换结构膜以及电光材料，切换结构膜的折射率为n1，电光材料的折射率为n2或n3，且n2或n3中的一个与n1相等。在两个导电膜上施加电压，电光材料的折射率会发生变化，由n2变为n3，或者由n3变为n2。当折射率n1＝n2时，该切换模组等于高透明薄膜，遵循光线准直系统的出光分布；当折射率n1≠n3时，光线准直模组的出射光会经过切换结构膜进行散射与扩散，光线视角变大。其中Δn(n1-n3绝对值)越大，光线视角扩散的越大，效果越明显。
上述的视角可切换显示装置中光学结构简单，且耗能较少，且无需增加光源的数量，就能实现防窥显示。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1a示出了本申请的一种光线视角切换模组的结构示意图；
图1b示出了本申请的另一种光线视角切换模组的结构示意图；
图1c示出了本申请的再一种光线视角切换模组的结构示意图；
图2示出了本申请的一种光线准直模组的结构示意图；
图3示出了本申请的另一种光线准直模组的结构示意图；以及
图4示出了图3中的第二正棱镜膜的俯视结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
1、光源；2、反射膜；3、导光板；4、扩散膜；5、棱镜膜；6、第一导电膜；7、切换结构膜；8、电光材料；9、第二导电膜；31、侧面；32、第一导光表面；33、第二导光表面；50、逆棱镜；51、第一正棱镜膜；52、第二正棱镜膜；70、第一表面；521、第二基底；522、第二正棱镜层。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中的视角可切换显示装置无法采用简单的光学结构以低能耗的方式实现防窥切换显示，为了解决如上的技术问题，本申请提出了一种视角可切换显示装置。
本申请的一种典型的实施方式中，提供了一种视角可切换显示装置，该视角可切换显示装置包括光线准直模组与线视角切换模组；其中，线视角切换模组设置在上述光线准直模组的出光侧，如图1a所示，上述光线视角切换模组包括第一导电膜6、第二导电膜9、切换结构膜7以及电光材料8，第一导电膜6设置在靠近上述光线准直模组的一侧；第二导电膜9与上述第一导电膜6相对设置，且上述第一导电膜6与上述第二导电膜9之间具有间隙；切换结构膜7设置在上述间隙中，上述切换结构膜7的远离上述第一导电膜6或远离上述第二导电膜9的表面为第一表面70，且上述第一表面70为凹凸表面，上述第一表面70包括多个依次排列的微结构；电光材料8设置在上述间隙中，且设置在上述第一表面70上，上述微结构沿切换结构膜7的厚度方向的截面只包括直线；如图1b所示，在另一实施例中，光线视角切换模组和图1a所示基本相同，不同之处在于，上述微结构沿切换结构膜7的厚度方向的截面只包括曲线，如图1c所示，在再一实施例中，光线视角切换模组和图1b所示基本相同，不同之处在于，第一表面70为凹表面；在又一实施例中，上述微结构沿切换结构膜7的厚度方向的截面为曲线与直线的组合，此处不再附图说明。
该视角可切换显示装置中包括光线准直模组与光线视角切换模组，如图2所示，光线准直模组发出大部分为准直状态的光，光线视角切换模组则主要用于将视角可切换显示装置在宽视角以及窄视角之间切换，进而实现防窥模式与非防窥模式。
上述的切换结构膜只要设置在第一导电膜与第二导电膜之间的间隙中即可，具体其可以与第一导电膜接触设置，也可以与第二导电膜接触设置，当其与第一导电膜接触设置时，电光材料设置在第二导电膜与第一表面之间的间隙中；当其与第二导电膜接触设置时，电光材料设置在第一导电膜与第一表面之间的间隙中。
光线视角切换模组包括两个导电膜，且两个导电膜之间的间隙中设置有切换结构膜以及电光材料，切换结构膜的折射率为n1，电光材料的折射率为n2或n3，且n2或n3中的一个与n1相等。在两个导电膜上施加电压，电光材料的折射率会发生变化，由n2变为n3，或者由n3变为n2。当折射率n1＝n2时，该切换模组等于高透明薄膜，遵循光线准直系统的出光分布；当折射率n1≠n3时，光线准直模组的出射光会经过切换结构膜进行散射与扩散，光线视角变大。其中Δn(n1-n3绝对值)越大，光线视角扩散的越大，效果越明显。
上述的视角可切换显示装置中光学结构简单，且耗能较少，且无需增加光源的数量，就能实现防窥显示并可切换为非防窥状态。
本申请的电光材料可以是现有技术中的任何具有两个折射率的材料，即在不同的状态下，其折射率不同，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选择合适的电光材料。
为了使得在同一个时刻时，多个电光材料的光轴方向尽量为同一方向，本申请的一种实施例中，上述视角可切换显示装置还包括配向层，该配向层设置在上述第一表面70与上述电光材料8之间。
本申请的一种实施例中，上述配向层为聚酰亚胺形成，且该配向层通过自摩擦制程(Rubbing Process)或者光配向制程(Photo-Alignment Process)形成。
当然，本申请的配向层以及其具体的形成制程并不限于上述的材料以及制程，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选择合适的材料形成配向层，也可以根据实际情况选择合适的制程形成上述配向层。
本申请的另一种实施例中，上述切换结构膜7为UV树脂膜，该UV树脂膜是通过固化形成的。
具体地，先将UV树脂材料设置在对应的模具中，然后通过固化，包括紫外固化或者是热固化的方式固化UV树脂，最后，脱模，得到UV树脂膜。
本申请的再一种实施例中，上述微结构沿上述切换结构膜7的厚度方向的截面包括曲线和/或直线。即该微结构沿切换结构膜的厚度方向的截面可以只包括曲线，也可以只包括直线，还可以同时包括相互连接直线与曲线。本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选择合适形状的微结构，例如，图1所示的微结构在切换结构膜的厚度方向上的截面只包括曲线。
为了简化制作工艺，本申请的一种实施例中，上述微结构为棱镜或柱镜，图1a中，各微结构为棱镜，图1b中，各微结构为柱镜。
需要说明的是，第一表面的多个微结构并不一定均是相同的微结构，这里的相同包括形状与尺寸的相同，还可以是不同的微结构，比如，第一表面同时包括两种形状的微结构，一种是棱镜，另一种是柱镜；又比如，第一表面包括一种形状的微结构，微结构均为柱镜，但是不同位置处的柱镜的尺寸不同。本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况设置合适形状以及合适尺寸的微结构，此处就不再举例说明了。
本申请中的电光材料可以是任何具有双折射率的材料，本申请的一种实施例中，上述电光材料为液晶，具体可以是正性液晶，也可以是负性液晶，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选择合适种类的液晶。
本申请中的光线准直模组可以采用现有技术中任何能够发出大部分准直光的结构，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选择合适结构作为光线准直模组。
本申请的一种实施例中，如图2所示，上述光线准直模组包括光源1、导光板3以及棱镜膜5，其中；上述导光板3的一个侧面31与上述光源1相对设置，且上述导光板3的第一导光表面32包括非印刷式网点，即第一导光表面32上的网点是采用非印刷方法形成的，具体可以是激光蚀刻法还可以是化学刻蚀法等，第一导光表面32具有非印刷式的网点的导光板3使得出射光线集中在夹角α＝10°～20°之间，该夹角是指导光板3的出射光线与第二导光表面33之间的夹角，如图2所示。
上述第一导光表面32与上述侧面31垂直；棱镜膜5设置在上述导光板3的第二导光表面33上，上述第二导光表面33与上述第一导光表面32平行且相对设置，上述第一导电膜6设置在上述棱镜膜5的远离上述导光板3的一侧，棱镜膜5用于对导光板3发出的光进行收敛，以使大部分的出射光为准直状态。
一种具体的实施例中，如图2所示，上述棱镜膜为逆棱镜膜，该逆棱镜膜包括多个依次排列的逆棱镜50。逆棱镜50对导光板发出的光线进行收敛，使得大部分的出射光线为准直状态。
本申请中的逆棱镜就是指顶角朝向导光板3的第二导光表面的棱镜，即倒置的棱镜。
为了对导光板的出射光线实现更好的收敛效果，本申请的另一种实施例中，各上述逆棱镜50的垂直于上述第一导光表面)方向的截面为三角形，且上述三角形的三个角可以根据导光板出光分布情况进行设置，如上上述，导光板使得出射光线集中在夹角α＝10°～20°之间，则上述三角形的三个角分别设置为90°-α、45°+0.5×α与45°+0.5×α，且90°-α的角为一个底角。
为了更好地保证上述逆棱镜对光线的收敛作用，本申请的一种实施例中，上述90°-α的底角相对同一个逆棱镜中的另一个底角来说更靠近光源设置，即如图2所示，90°-α的底角设置在左侧(这里的左侧是指面对屏幕或者纸面的人的左手侧)。
本申请的一种实施例中，上述逆棱镜膜包括基底和逆棱镜层，上述逆棱镜层包括多个逆棱镜，多个逆棱镜设置在基底上。
本申请的一种实施例中，如图2所示，上述光线准直模组还包括反射膜2，该反射膜2设置在上述第一导光表面上。该反射膜可以将更多的光反射到导光板中，进而进一步提高导光板的发光亮度，进而提高视角可切换显示装置的光亮度。
本申请的另一种实施例中，如图3所示，上述光线准直模组还包括设置在上述导光板3与上述棱镜膜5之间的扩散膜4，上述棱镜膜5包括第一正棱镜膜51与第二正棱镜膜52，第一正棱镜膜51设置在上述扩散膜4的远离上述导光板3的一侧，上述第一正棱镜膜51包括沿第一方向依次排列的多个第一正棱镜；第二正棱镜膜52设置在上述第一正棱镜膜51的远离上述扩散膜4的一侧，且上述第二正棱镜膜52包括沿第二方向依次排列的多个第二正棱镜，上述第一方向与上述第二方向垂直，且上述第一方向以及上述第二方向均与上述第一导光表面平行。通过排列方向垂直的两个正棱镜层实现对光线的收敛。该种实施方式，具有视角高度对称性和更好的适用性。
上述的光线准直模组中，只要保证第一正棱镜的排列方向与第二正棱镜的排列方向垂直即可，具体是第一正棱镜膜中的第一正棱镜的排列方向是沿水平方向的，还是沿垂直纸面或显示屏向里的，这里不做限定，即并不限于图3所示的这种排列情况。还可以是相反的，即第二正棱镜的排列方向与图3中的第一正棱镜的排列方向相同，第一正棱镜的排列方向沿垂直纸面或显示屏向里。
当棱镜膜包括第一正棱镜膜和上述第二正棱镜膜时，第一正棱镜膜包括第一基底与第一正棱镜层，且第一正棱镜层包括多个正棱镜，多个正棱镜设置在第一基底上；如图4所示，第二正棱镜膜包括第二基底521与第二正棱镜层522，且第二正棱镜层522包括多个正棱镜，多个正棱镜设置在第二基底521上，且第二正棱镜层522设置在第二基底521的远离第一正棱镜膜51的一侧。
为了使得光线准直模组的更多的出射光为准直状态，本申请的一种实施例中，上述光线准直模组还包括百叶窗膜，该百叶窗膜设置在上述棱镜膜5的远离上述导光板3的表面上，所百叶窗膜包括交替设置的遮光部与透光部。
本申请中的一种实施例中，上述百叶窗膜还包括百叶基底，遮光部与透光部均设置在百叶基底上。
为了使得本领域技术人员可以更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案，以下将结合具体的实施例来说明本申请的技术方案。
实施例
该视角可切换显示装置包括光线准直模组与设置在光线准直模组的出光侧的光线视角切换模组。
其中，上述光线准直模组的结构示意图为图2，该模组包括光源1、反射膜2、导光板3以及逆棱镜膜，光源为LED光源，导光板的一个侧面与上述光源1相对设置，且上述导光板3的第一导光表面包括非印刷式网点，导光板使得出射光线集中在夹角α＝10°，逆棱镜膜中的逆棱镜50的垂直于上述第一导光表面)方向的截面为三角形，且上述三角形的三个角分别是80°、50°以及50°，且80°的角为靠近光源的一个底角。
光线视角切换模组的结构示意图为图1，上述光线视角切换模组包括第一导电膜6、第二导电膜9、切换结构膜7以及电光材料8，第一导电膜6设置在靠近上述光线准直模组的一侧；第二导电膜9与上述第一导电膜6相对设置，且上述第一导电膜6与上述第二导电膜9之间具有间隙，第一导光膜与第二导光膜均为ITO膜；切换结构膜7设置在上述间隙中且与第一导电膜接触设置，切换结构膜为UV树脂膜，且折射率n1＝1.51，上述第一表面70为凹表面，且凹表面包括多个微结构，这些微结构的沿切换结构膜的厚度方向的截面为曲线，电光材料8为正性液晶材料且设置在上述间隙中，且设置在上述第一表面70上。液晶的两个折射率短轴折射率n2＝1.51，长轴折射率n3＝1.75。
在第一导电膜与第二导电膜之间施加预定电压，液晶体现为短轴折射率n2＝1.51，进而使得n1＝n2，该线视角切换模组为防窥状态；当撤销第一导电膜与第二导电膜之间的电压时，液晶体现为长轴折射率n3＝1.75，n1≠n3，该线视角切换模组为非防窥状态。
在其他实施例中，在光线准直模组中，通过对导光板的第一表面的非印刷式网点的调节，可使出射光线与导光板第二表面夹角α在10°～20°间，并同时适应性调整逆棱镜的形状；在光线视角切换模组中，根据选用的液晶材料不同，短轴折射率在1.49～1.51之间，长轴折射率在1.61～1.81之间，而切换结构膜所用树脂材料的折射率可在1.35～1.65之间进行调节。该视角可切换显示装置的光学结构简单，且能耗较低，且具有较好的防窥效果。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本申请上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
本申请的视角可切换显示装置中包括光线准直模组与光线视角切换模组，光线准直模组发出大部分为准直状态的光，光线视角切换模组则主要用于将视角可切换显示装置在宽视角以及窄视角之间切换，进而实现防窥模式与非防窥模式。
光线视角切换模组包括两个导电膜，且两个导电膜之间的间隙中设置有切换结构膜以及电光材料，切换结构膜的折射率为n1，电光材料的折射率为n2或n3，且n2或n3中的一个与n1相等。在两个导电膜上施加电压，电光材料的折射率会发生变化，由n2变为n3，或者由n3变为n2。当折射率n1＝n2时，该切换模组等于高透明薄膜，遵循光线准直系统的出光分布；当折射率n1≠n3时，光线准直模组的出射光会经过切换结构膜进行散射与扩散，光线视角变大。其中Δn(n1-n3绝对值)越大，光线视角扩散的越大，效果越明显。
上述的视角可切换显示装置中光学结构简单，且耗能较少，且无需增加光源的数量，就能实现防窥显示。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述视角可切换显示装置包括：
    光线准直模组；
    光线视角切换模组，设置在所述光线准直模组的出光侧，所述光线视角切换模组包括：
    第一导电膜(6)，设置在靠近所述光线准直模组的一侧；
    第二导电膜(9)，与所述第一导电膜(6)相对设置，且所述第一导电膜(6)与所述第二导电膜(9)之间具有间隙；
    切换结构膜(7)，设置在所述间隙中，所述切换结构膜(7)的远离所述第一导电膜(6)或远离所述第二导电膜(9)的表面为第一表面(70)，且所述第一表面(70)为凹凸表面，所述第一表面(70)包括多个依次排列的微结构；以及
    电光材料(8)，设置在所述间隙中，且设置在所述第一表面(70)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述视角可切换显示装置还包括：
    配向层，设置在所述第一表面(70)与所述电光材料(8)之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述切换结构膜(7)为UV树脂膜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述微结构沿所述切换结构膜(7)的厚度方向的截面包括曲线和/或直线。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述微结构为棱镜或柱镜。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述电光材料(8)为液晶。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述光线准直模组包括：
    光源(1)；
    导光板(3)，所述导光板(3)的一个侧面(31)与所述光源(1)相对设置，且所述导光板(3)的第一导光表面(32)包括非印刷式网点，所述第一导光表面(32)与所述侧面(31)垂直；以及
    棱镜膜(5)，设置在所述导光板(3)的第二导光表面(33)上，所述第二导光表面(33)与所述第一导光表面(32)平行且相对设置，所述第一导电膜(6)设置在所述棱镜膜(5)的远离所述导光板(3)的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述棱镜膜(5)为逆棱镜膜，所述逆棱镜膜包括多个依次排列的逆棱镜(50)，所述逆棱镜(50)的顶角朝向所述第二 导光表面(33)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，各所述逆棱镜(50)的垂直于所述第一导光表面(32)方向的截面为三角形，且所述三角形的三个角分别是90°-α、45°+0.5×α与45°+0.5×α，且90°-α的角为一个底角，α为所述导光板(3)的出射光线与所述第二导光表面(33)之间的夹角，且10°≤α≤20°。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述光线准直模组还包括：
    反射膜(2)，设置在所述第一导光表面(32)上。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述光线准直模组还包括设置在所述导光板(3)与所述棱镜膜(5)之间的扩散膜(4)，所述棱镜膜(5)包括：
    第一正棱镜膜(51)，设置在所述扩散膜(4)的远离所述导光板(3)的一侧，所述第一正棱镜膜(51)包括沿第一方向依次排列的多个第一正棱镜；以及
    第二正棱镜膜(52)，设置在所述第一正棱镜膜(51)的远离所述扩散膜(4)的一侧，且所述第二正棱镜膜(52)包括沿第二方向依次排列的多个第二正棱镜，各所述正棱镜设置在所述第一正棱镜膜(51)的远离所述棱镜膜(5)的一侧，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直，且所述第一方向以及所述第二方向均与所述第一导光表面(32)平行。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的视角可切换显示装置，其特征在于，所述光线准直模组还包括：
    百叶窗膜，设置在所述棱镜膜(5)的远离所述导光板(3)的表面上，所百叶窗膜包括交替设置的遮光部与透光部。
PCT/CN2018/081393 2017-07-27 2018-03-30 视角可切换显示装置 WO2019019684A1 (zh)

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