WO2019019244A1 - 采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池 - Google Patents

采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019019244A1
WO2019019244A1 PCT/CN2017/099223 CN2017099223W WO2019019244A1 WO 2019019244 A1 WO2019019244 A1 WO 2019019244A1 CN 2017099223 W CN2017099223 W CN 2017099223W WO 2019019244 A1 WO2019019244 A1 WO 2019019244A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic bearing
axial
stator
radial
degree
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/099223
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张维煜
杨恒坤
朱熀秋
陈涛
程玲
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Application filed by Jiangsu University filed Critical Jiangsu University
Priority to CH00667/18A priority Critical patent/CH713990B1/de
Publication of WO2019019244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019244A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of a vehicle flywheel battery (also called a flywheel energy storage device) for an electric vehicle, in particular to a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing as a magnetic flywheel supported vehicle flywheel battery.
  • a vehicle flywheel battery also called a flywheel energy storage device
  • the vehicle flywheel battery uses the magnetic inertia support and the flywheel's rotational inertia to achieve energy storage. It has high charging efficiency, specific energy, specific power, small mass, no pollution and long service life. Due to the limited space of electric vehicles, the requirements for the volume of the flywheel battery are relatively high, and the magnetic suspension bearing is a key component for supporting the flywheel battery, and its size directly affects the volume of the flywheel battery.
  • the bottleneck of the car flywheel battery is mainly difficult to overcome in the gyroscopic effect of the flywheel shaft.
  • the gyro effect is inevitably caused by the inherent "axis" structure of the flywheel battery.
  • the car flywheel battery when it encounters the action of starting, emergency stop, turning, etc., it will cause the flywheel shaft to receive a large gyro moment in the restraining direction, so that the flywheel bearing is subjected to a large additional pressure, and the gyro effect is more difficult to control. .
  • the gyroscopic effect of the flywheel rotor can be effectively reduced.
  • the magnetic suspension support systems used in existing flywheel batteries mostly use a combination of two degrees of freedom and three degrees of freedom to achieve a five degree of freedom balance of the rotor.
  • the structural design is not highly integrated, resulting in an excessively long axial length of the rotor and a more pronounced gyro effect.
  • the purpose of the invention is to minimize the gyroscopic effect of the flywheel battery, and propose a vehicle flywheel integrating the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing, reducing the axial length of the flywheel rotor, compact structure, and structurally reducing the flywheel rotor gyro effect. battery.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: comprising a closed vacuum chamber formed by a casing, an upper end cover and a lower end cover, and a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is disposed in the middle of the inner portion of the sealed vacuum chamber, the magnetic In the middle of the bearing is a magnetic bearing shaft, and the magnetic bearing shaft is coaxially tightly sleeved with a magnetic bearing rotor.
  • the axial direction of the magnetic bearing rotor is tightly sleeved with a tension disc, the outer sleeve of the tension disc is provided with a flywheel, and the magnetic bearing rotor is also provided.
  • the radial stator, the axial stator and the annular permanent magnet are arranged in a gap, the radial stator has a radial control coil around the stator pole, the axial stator is provided with an axial control coil, and the annular permanent magnet is axially magnetized; the top surface of the outer casing In the middle of the outer part is the motor/generator, and the motor/generator is in the middle of the motor shaft.
  • the motor shaft extends from top to bottom into the outer casing and is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper end of the magnetic bearing shaft.
  • the magnetic bearing rotor, the tension disk and the flywheel are rotated together, the ring
  • the permanent magnet provides a bias magnetic field, and the flywheel is passively suspended.
  • the axial control coil is connected to the direct current, and the magnetic bearing rotor and the motor shaft are controlled to have one degree of freedom, the right diameter.
  • the AC is connected to the control coil to control the four degrees of freedom in the radial direction of the magnetic bearing rotor and the motor shaft.
  • the invention integrates the tension disc and the flywheel into a whole through the interference fit, does not occupy the axial position, further shortens the axial length of the flywheel battery, the gyro effect of the flywheel battery is effectively suppressed, and the material is saved and reduced. The quality of the flywheel battery.
  • the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing used in the present invention integrates two single-piece three-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearings, and is distributed on both sides of the tension plate in a mirror-symmetric manner to realize five-degree-of-freedom control and integration. High, high control accuracy.
  • the motor of the flywheel battery of the present invention is disposed outside the casing instead of integrating the motor/generator into the interior of the flywheel battery casing. Such a design reduces the processing difficulty of the flywheel battery and facilitates the maintenance and maintenance of the flywheel battery.
  • the present invention seals the magnetic bearing and the flywheel in a vacuum housing, eliminating the loss of air friction to the flywheel.
  • the joint of the tension disk and the magnetic bearing rotor of the present invention is processed into a tooth shape, and is installed by an interference fit. Since the stress of the tension disk is mainly concentrated at the joint of the tension disk and the magnetic bearing rotor when the flywheel battery rotates at a high speed. This structure makes the stress on the joint of the tension disk and the magnetic bearing rotor small, and the flywheel is prevented from being deformed or even damaged at a high speed.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the partial structure of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view showing the assembled structure between the lower radial stator and the magnetic bearing rotor of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged plan view showing the assembly structure between the magnetic bearing rotor, the axial stator and the tension disk of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged plan view showing the assembly structure between the magnetic bearing rotor, the flywheel and the tension disk of Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is an exploded structural view of the magnetic bearing rotor and the tension disk of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the static passive suspension of the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing in the charging and energy holding phase of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the radial two-degree-of-freedom balance control of the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing when the present invention operates in the discharge phase;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the two-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing achieving radial rotation two-degree-of-freedom balance control when the present invention operates in the discharge phase;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the axial single-degree-of-freedom balance control of the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic shaft when the present invention operates in the discharge phase.
  • the outermost portion of the present invention is a casing 16, which is a hollow cylinder, the top of the casing 16 is sealingly connected to the upper end cap 15, the bottom is sealed to the lower end cap 17, the upper end cap 15 and the lower end cap 17
  • the same shape is a round-shaped end cap, and a through hole is formed in the center so as to be mounted with an auxiliary bearing, wherein the center through hole of the upper end cover 15 is mounted with the auxiliary bearing 12 through an interference fit, and the center of the lower end cover 17 is passed.
  • the auxiliary bearing 13 is mounted at the hole by an interference fit.
  • the upper auxiliary bearing 12 and the lower auxiliary bearing 13 have the same shape and the outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the center through hole.
  • a closed vacuum chamber is formed between the outer casing 16, the upper end cap 15 and the lower end cap 17.
  • a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is arranged in the middle of the inner portion of the closed vacuum chamber.
  • the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is vertically symmetric in the axial direction, including a magnetic bearing shaft 32 and a magnetic bearing.
  • In the middle is a magnetic bearing shaft 32.
  • the center of the magnetic bearing shaft 32 coincides with the center of the outer casing 16.
  • the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is coaxially sleeved outside the magnetic bearing shaft 32.
  • the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is covered with a tension disk 10 and a radial stator.
  • the axial direction of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is fixed by the interference fit of the tension disk 10 by an interference fit.
  • the upper and lower sides of the tension plate 10 are arranged with upper and lower symmetrical axial stators, annular permanent magnets and radial stators.
  • the axial stator is composed of an upper axial stator 71 and a lower axial stator 72
  • the radial stator is composed of an upper radial stator 4 and a lower radial stator 5
  • the annular permanent magnet is composed of an upper permanent magnet 61 and a lower permanent magnet 62.
  • the upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are vertically symmetrical with respect to the tension disk 10, and the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5 are opposed to the tension disk 10 Up and down symmetrical, the upper permanent magnet 61 and the lower permanent magnet 62 are vertically symmetrical with respect to the tension disk 10.
  • the upper permanent magnet 61 is fixedly coupled between the upper radial stator 4 and the upper axial stator 71, and the lower permanent magnet 62 is fixedly laminated between the lower radial stator 5 and the lower axial stator 72.
  • the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5 are coaxially arranged, the upper end surface of the upper radial stator 4 and the upper end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 are flush, the lower end surface of the lower radial stator 5 and the lower end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 Flush.
  • the outer diameters of the tension disk 10, the axial stator, the radial stator, and the annular permanent magnet are all equal.
  • the yoke portion of the upper radial stator 4 and the yoke portion of the lower radial stator 5 are each uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction with three radial stator poles, respectively three upper radial stator poles 41, 42, 43 and three lower radial stator poles 51, 52, 53.
  • the three upper radial stator poles 41, 42, 43 and the three lower radial stator poles 51, 52, 53 are identical in shape, with the upper and lower projections overlapping.
  • the upper end faces of the three upper radial stator poles 41, 42, 43 are flush with the upper end faces of the yoke portions of the upper radial stator 4, the lower end faces of the three lower radial stator poles 51, 52, 53 and the lower radial stator 5
  • the lower end surface of the yoke is flush.
  • Radial control coils are wound around each of the radial stator poles, namely upper radial control coils 21, 22, 23 and lower radial control coils 24, 25, 26, and six identical radial control coils. Correspondingly wound on the three upper radial stator poles 11, 12, 13 and the three lower radial stator poles 81, 82, 83.
  • the inner ends of the three upper radial stator poles 11, 12, 13 and the three lower radial stator poles 81, 82, 83 are provided with pole pieces, and the inner surface of the pole piece is a circular cylindrical surface.
  • a 0.5 mm diameter is left between the inner surface of the upper radial stator poles 11, 12, 13 and the lower radial stator poles 81, 82, 83 and the outer wall of the magnetic bearing rotor 14. To the air gap.
  • the upper radial control coils 21, 22, 23 and the upper end cover 15 are not in contact with each other, and likewise, the lower radial control coils 24, 25, 26 and the lower end cover 17 are not in contact with each other.
  • the upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 of the axial stator are identical in construction and are all disk-shaped.
  • the upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are coaxially disposed, respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the tension disk 10, and an axial gap is left between the tension disk 10.
  • the upper axial stator 71 is not in contact with the upper radial control coils 21, 22, 23, and the lower axial stator 72 and the lower radial control coils 24, 25, 26 are not in contact.
  • the upper axial stator 71 fixes the upper axial control coil 81 through a bobbin, the upper axial control coil 81 abuts against the inner wall of the upper axial stator 71, and the lower axial stator 72 is fixed to the lower axial direction by another bobbin
  • the coil 82, the lower axial control coil 82 abuts against the inner wall of the lower axial stator 72.
  • Both the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are coaxially sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotor 14, leaving a radial gap with the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and leaving an axial gap with the tension disk 10.
  • the upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 of the axial stator are each composed of a disc 73 and a toroidal body 74. Stacked in the axial direction and fixedly connected.
  • the outer diameter of the disk 73 is equal to the outer diameter of the annular body 74, and the inner diameter of the annular body 74 is much larger than the inner diameter of the disk 73.
  • the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are respectively abutted against the inner wall of the corresponding annular body 74. When the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are energized, the annular body 74 can be internally energized. An axial control magnetic field is generated.
  • a ring-shaped permanent magnet of the same shape is fixedly stacked between the upper radial stator 4 and the upper axial stator 71 and between the lower radial stator 5 and the lower axial stator 72, respectively. It is an upper annular permanent magnet 61 and a lower annular permanent magnet 62.
  • the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 have the same structure, and are all made of high-performance rare earth material NdFeB, which are axially magnetized, and the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 have opposite magnetization directions.
  • the S poles of the annular permanent magnet face each other.
  • the inner diameters of the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 are equal to the inner diameters of the yoke portions of the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5, and the outer diameters are opposite to the yoke portions of the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5.
  • the outer diameter is equal.
  • the outer wall of the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5 are tightly sleeved with an annular magnetic isolation aluminum ring, wherein the upper magnetic isolation aluminum ring 27 is tightly sleeved in the upper radial direction by an interference fit.
  • the lower magnetically-magnetic aluminum ring 28 is tightly fitted over the lower radial stator 5 by an interference fit.
  • the upper magnetic isolation aluminum ring 27 and the lower magnetic isolation aluminum ring 28 are also tightly fixedly connected to the corresponding upper end cover 15 and lower cover 17 by cold pressure welding, respectively, so that the fixedly connected radial stator, axial stator and annular permanent magnet are together It is fixed by a ring-shaped magnetic isolation aluminum ring.
  • the upper magnetic isolation aluminum ring 27 and the lower magnetic isolation aluminum ring 28 not only isolate the magnetic field between the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5 and the outer casing 16, but also function as a fixed magnetic bearing.
  • the inner diameters of the upper magnetic isolation aluminum ring 27 and the lower magnetic isolation aluminum ring 28 are equal to the outer diameters of the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5, and the outer diameter is much smaller than the inner diameter of the outer casing 16.
  • a tension disk 10 is fixedly fitted by an interference fit at a position in the axial center of the magnetic bearing rotor 14.
  • the flywheel 9 is fixedly disposed outside the tension plate 10 by an interference fit.
  • the flywheel 9 is composed of a hollow cylindrical body 91 and a hollow disk 92.
  • the outer diameter of the hollow disk 92 is equal to the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical body 91.
  • the axial length of the hollow cylindrical body 91 is much larger than that of the hollow disk 92. Axial length.
  • the hollow disk 92 is coaxially tightly sleeved in the center of the hollow cylindrical body 91, and the upper and lower end faces of the hollow disk 92 are equidistant from the corresponding upper and lower end faces of the hollow cylindrical body 91, and the outer wall of the hollow disk 92 and the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical body 91 are provided. tight connection.
  • the hollow disc 92 is coaxially tightly fitted outside the tension disc 10, and the inner wall of the hollow disc 92 is in close contact with the outer wall of the tension disc 10.
  • Axis of hollow disk 92 The thickness is equal to the axial thickness of the tension disk 10, and the upper and lower end faces of the hollow disk 92 are flush with the upper and lower end faces of the tension disk 10. Both the hollow cylindrical body 91 and the hollow disk 92 are processed from a high-strength carbon fiber composite material.
  • the outer diameters of the upper axial direction 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are much smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical body 91 of the flywheel 9, and the upper axial direction 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are located in the hollow cylindrical body of the flywheel 9.
  • the outer diameter of the flywheel 9 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer casing 16.
  • the upper and lower end faces of the flywheel 9 are spaced from the lower surface of the upper end cover 15 and the upper surface of the lower end cover 17, so that the flywheel has a certain space margin and operates normally.
  • the axial center of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is machined into a toothed structure, and the axial thickness of the toothed structure is the axial thickness of the tension disk 10.
  • the outer shape of the tension disk 10 is a hollow disk, and the inner wall of the tension disk 10 is processed into a tooth shape matching the tooth shape on the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and the tension disk 10 are tightly coupled by an interference fit of the tooth structure.
  • the motor/generator 18 is located in the middle of the top surface of the outer casing 16, and the center shaft 31 is disposed in the middle of the motor/generator 18, and the center shaft auxiliary bearing 11 is mounted on the center shaft 31.
  • the central rotating shaft 31 extends from the top to the bottom into the outer casing 16, passes through the upper auxiliary bearing 12 on the upper end cover 15, and is coaxially fixedly coupled to the upper end of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 through the coupling 19, and the lower end of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 passes through the lower auxiliary bearing 13 Connect the lower end cap 17.
  • the center shaft 31 and the magnetic bearing shaft 32 together constitute the flywheel battery shaft 3, and the flywheel battery shaft 3 is at the center of the casing 16.
  • the outer portion of the magnetic bearing shaft 32 is tightly coupled to the magnetic bearing rotor 14 by an interference fit, and the two are fixedly coupled together.
  • the axial length of the magnetic bearing shaft 32 is larger than the length of the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and the upper and lower ends of the magnetic bearing shaft 32 respectively extend beyond the upper and lower ends of the magnetic bearing rotor 14.
  • the upper end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 has a certain distance from the upper end surface of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 and the lower end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 to the lower end surface of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32, so as to facilitate the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 and the coupling 19,
  • the lower auxiliary bearings 13 are connected.
  • flywheel battery of the invention When the flywheel battery of the invention is in operation, it is divided into three stages of charging, energy holding and discharging, as follows:
  • the motor/generator 18 is in the operating state of the motor.
  • the charging line of the electric vehicle is connected to the external power grid, and the electric energy from the power grid is driven by the power electronic conversion to drive the motor shaft 31 of the motor/generator 18 to rotate, thereby driving the magnetic shaft through the coupling 12.
  • the bearing shaft 32 rotates together, and the magnetic bearing rotor shaft 32 drives the magnetic bearing rotor 14, the tension disk 10, and the flywheel 9 to rotate together.
  • the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 of the magnetic bearing provide a bias magnetic field to achieve static passive suspension rotation of the flywheel 9. As shown in FIG.
  • the bias magnetic flux generated by the upper annular permanent magnet 61 passes through the upper radial stator 4 from its N pole, and then enters the magnetic bearing rotor 14 through the radial air gap and is divided into two paths.
  • An air gap between the inner wall magnetic bearing of the disc 73 passing through the upper axial stator 71 and the rotor 14 enters the disc 73, and all the way enters the tension disc 10 through the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and then Through the axial air gap, it enters the toroidal body 74 of the upper axial stator 71, enters the disc 73, and finally merges in the disc 73, returning to the S pole.
  • the bias magnetic flux generated by the lower annular permanent magnet 62 passes through the lower radial stator 5 from its N pole, and then enters the magnetic bearing rotor 14 through the radial air gap and is divided into two paths, one passing through the lower axial stator 72.
  • the central axis of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is located at the center of the magnetic bearing, and in the radial direction, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and the upper radial stator poles 41, 42, 43 and the lower radial stator pole 51
  • the gas fluxes between the 52 and 53 pole shoes are completely equal, so the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is radially balanced by the electromagnetic force, so that the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is stably suspended in the radial direction.
  • the air gap flux between the upper surface of the tension disk 10 and the lower bottom surface of the annular body 74 of the upper axial stator 71 is between the upper surface of the tension disk 10 and the upper surface of the annular body 74 of the lower axial stator 72.
  • the air gap fluxes are exactly equal.
  • the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is balanced by the electromagnetic force received in the axial direction, thereby achieving axially stable suspension of the magnetic bearing rotor 14.
  • the flywheel 9 stores energy in the form of electrical energy, thereby completing the energy storage process of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, at which time the motor/generator 18 is in the operating state of the electric motor.
  • the energy retention phase is the state in which the normal battery is "sufficient".
  • the flywheel 9 is maintained at almost a constant speed.
  • the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 which are still magnetic bearings, provide a bias magnetic field to achieve static passive suspension rotation of the flywheel 9. This phase continues until the flywheel battery receives a control signal for energy release.
  • the motor/generator 18 is in the generator state.
  • the flywheel battery of the present invention needs to supply electric energy to the electric vehicle.
  • the high-speed rotating flywheel 9 drives the tension disk 10, the magnetic bearing rotor 14, the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32, and further drives the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 through the coupling. 12
  • the connected motor shaft 31 rotates at the same time.
  • the flywheel 9 acts as a prime mover to drive the motor/generator 18 to generate electricity, and the motor/generator 18 outputs current and voltage suitable for the operation of the electric vehicle through a device such as a power converter.
  • the motor/generator 18 is in the generator state, thereby completing the release process of the mechanical energy conversion electric energy.
  • the flywheel battery of the present invention is disturbed by the outside world, such as an electric vehicle performing an upslope, a turn, a brake, etc.
  • the entire flywheel battery shaft 3 will be in an unstable state, and at this time, it is necessary to pass the magnetic bearing. Control to achieve radial two-degree-of-freedom balance, radial torsion two-degree-of-freedom balance, and axial single-degree-of-freedom balance of the entire flywheel battery shaft 3.
  • the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are combined with a direct current and an axial stator to form an electromagnet, and the magnitude and direction of the axial upper rotor force are changed by changing the magnitude and direction of the controlled direct current. , thereby achieving control of one degree of freedom in the axial direction.
  • the upper radial control coils 21, 22, 23 and the lower radial control coils 24, 25, 26, which are placed on the upper and lower sets of three magnetic pole radial stators, are connected to each other by alternating current three-phase power.
  • To the control coil current magnitude, achieved in the radial direction Precise control of four degrees of freedom. details as follows:
  • Radial two-degree-of-freedom realization when the magnetic bearing rotor 14 receives interference and deviates from the equilibrium position in the radial two degrees of freedom (X, Y), the upper radial control coils 21, 22, 23 and the lower radial control coil 24, 25, 26 is energized, and the resulting single magnetic flux is directed in a direction opposite to the positional offset, resulting in a corresponding radial control of the magnetic levitation force, causing the magnetic bearing rotor 14 to return to the radially equilibrium position.
  • the upper radial control coils 21, 22, 23 and the lower radial control coils 24, 25, 26 are energized, and the resulting control magnet is generated.
  • the bias magnetic flux generated by the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 is as shown by the broken line in FIG. 9 and its arrow, passing through the upper radial stator pole.
  • the bias magnetic fluxes 41, 43 and the lower radial stator poles 51, 53 are opposite in direction, and the total magnetic flux is weakened.
  • the bias magnetic flux in the upper radial stator pole 42 and the lower radial stator pole 52 are in the same direction as the control magnetic flux, so that the total magnetic flux is enhanced, so that the single magnetic flux in the negative direction of the X-axis is strengthened, and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is subjected to The magnetic pull forces F1 and F2 in the negative X direction return to the equilibrium position.
  • the torsion angle is ⁇ x
  • the upper radial control coils 21, 22, 23 and the lower radial control coils 24, 25, 26 are energized, and the resulting control magnetic flux is as As shown by the thick solid line in FIG. 10 and its arrows, the bias magnetic flux generated by the upper annular permanent magnet 31 and the lower annular permanent magnet 32 is as shown by the broken line in FIG.
  • the upper radial stator pole The bias magnetic fluxes in 41, 43 are opposite in direction to the control flux, the total magnetic flux in the upper radial stator poles 41, 43 is weakened, and the rotor biasing magnetic flux and control flux direction in the upper radial stator pole 42 Similarly, the total magnetic flux is increased, and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is subjected to the magnetic pulling force F1 in the negative X direction. After the lower radial control coils 51, 52, 53 are energized, the bias magnetic flux and the control magnetic flux in the lower radial stator poles 51, 53 are in the same direction, and the total magnetic flux in the lower radial stator poles 51, 53 is enhanced.
  • the biasing magnetic flux and the control magnetic flux are opposite to each other through the lower radial stator pole 52, and the total magnetic flux is weakened.
  • the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is subjected to the magnetic pulling forces F3 and F4 of the lower radial stator poles 51 and 53, and the resultant magnetic pulling force F2 Pointing to the positive X direction, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is subjected to a returning torsional moment to return it to the equilibrium position.
  • the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are connected to direct current.
  • the magnitude and direction of the direct current control current are changed to change the tension disk.
  • the air gap flux between the lower surface of the lower surface of the upper surface of the upper axial stator 71 and the upper surface of the annular body 74 of the lower axial stator 72 and the air gap between the lower surface of the annular body 74 of the upper axial stator 71 The magnitude of the magnetic flux creates a magnetic attraction at the axial air gap that causes the tension disk 10 to return to the axial reference equilibrium position.
  • the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and the motor shaft 32 are coaxially tightly coupled, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 returns to the equilibrium position, that is, the entire flywheel battery shaft 3 returns to the equilibrium position, so that the flywheel battery returns to the equilibrium state in an unstable state. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种采用五自由度混合磁轴承作为磁悬浮支承的车载飞轮电池，在密闭真空腔室的内部正中间设有五自由度混合磁轴承，该磁轴承正中间的磁轴承转轴外同轴紧密套有磁轴承转子，磁轴承转子的轴向正中间外紧密套有拉力盘，拉力盘外固定套有飞轮，定子极上绕有径向控制线圈，轴向定子内设轴向控制线圈；外壳顶面外正中间是电动机/发电机，电机转轴从上至下伸入外壳内同轴固定连接所述磁轴承转轴上端；将拉力盘与飞轮整合为一个整体，进一步缩短了飞轮电池的轴向长度，陀螺效应得到有效抑制，五自由度混合磁轴承是将两个单片三自由度混合磁轴承整合到一起，以镜面对称的方式分布在拉力盘的两侧，控制精度高。

Description

采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池 技术领域
本发明涉及用于电动汽车的车载飞轮电池(也称飞轮储能装置)领域，具体是采用五自由度混合磁轴承作为磁悬浮支承的车载飞轮电池。
背景技术
目前制约电动汽车发展的主要难题是车载动力电池的性能。车载飞轮电池是利用磁悬浮支承和飞轮的旋转惯量来实现能量存储的，其充电效率高、比能量、比功率大、质量小、无污染且寿命长。由于电动汽车空间有限，因此对飞轮电池的体积的要求就相对比较高，而磁悬浮轴承是对飞轮电池提供支撑的关键部件，其体积大小直接影响飞轮电池的体积。
目前车载飞轮电池的瓶颈主要在飞轮转轴的陀螺效应难以克服。当飞轮电池受到外界干扰时，由于飞轮电池固有的“有轴”结构，不可避免会引起陀螺效应。尤其对于车载飞轮电池，在遇到启动、急停、转弯等动作时，都会引起飞轮轴在约束方向上受到很大的陀螺力矩，从而使飞轮轴承受到很大的附加压力，陀螺效应更加难以控制。而通过缩短飞轮转子轴向长度可有效减小飞轮转子的陀螺效应。现有的飞轮电池所采用的磁悬浮支撑系统大多采用二自由度和三自由度组合以实现转子五自由度平衡。这种结构设计集成度不高，导致转子轴向长度过长，陀螺效应更加明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的为了最大限度减小飞轮电池的陀螺效应，提出一种集成五自由度混合磁轴承、减小飞轮转子的轴向长度、结构紧凑、从结构上减小飞轮转子陀螺效应的车载飞轮电池。
本发明的目的是采用以下技术方案来实现的：包括一个由外壳、上端盖和下端盖形成的密闭真空腔室，在密闭真空腔室的内部正中间设有五自由度混合磁轴承，该磁轴承正中间是磁轴承转轴，磁轴承转轴外同轴紧密套有磁轴承转子，磁轴承转子的轴向正中间外紧密套有拉力盘，拉力盘外固定套有飞轮，磁轴承转子外还有间隙地套径向定子、轴向定子和环形永磁体，径向定子的定子极上绕有径向控制线圈，轴向定子内设轴向控制线圈，环形永磁体轴向充磁；外壳顶面外正中间是电动机/发电机，电动机/发电机正中间是电机转轴，电机转轴从上至下伸入外壳内同轴固定连接所述磁轴承转轴上端。
进一步地，当电机转轴转动，带动磁轴承转子、拉力盘和飞轮共同转动，所述环形 永磁体提供偏置磁场，飞轮被动悬浮转动；当飞轮驱动拉力盘、磁轴承转子和电机转轴共同转动，对轴向控制线圈通直流电，控制磁轴承转子和电机转轴轴向一个自由度，对径向控制线圈通交流电，控制磁轴承转子和电机转轴径向上四个自由度。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果在于：
1、本发明将拉力盘与飞轮通过过盈配合整合为一个整体，不多占用轴向位置，进一步缩短了飞轮电池的轴向长度，飞轮电池的陀螺效应得到有效抑制，并且节约了材料，降低了飞轮电池的质量。
2、本发明所采用的五自由度混合磁轴承是将两个单片三自由度混合磁轴承整合到一起，以镜面对称的方式分布在拉力盘的两侧，实现五自由度控制，集成度高，控制精度高。
3、本发明飞轮电池的电机是设置在外壳的外部而非将电动机/发电机整合到飞轮电池外壳的内部，这样的设计降低了飞轮电池的加工难度，便于飞轮电池的检修与维护。
4、本发明将磁轴承和飞轮密封在一个真空外壳中，消除了空气摩擦对飞轮所带来的损耗。
5、本发明拉力盘与磁轴承转子的结合处加工为齿状，经过过盈配合进行安装。由于在飞轮电池高速旋转时，拉力盘所受应力主要了集中在拉力盘与磁轴承转子的结合处。这种结构使得拉力盘与磁轴承转子的结合处所受应力变得很小，避免了飞轮在高速状态下变形甚至损坏。
附图说明
图1是本发明的内部结构剖视图；
图2是图1的局部结构立体图；
图3是图1中的五自由度混合磁轴承的剖视图；
图4是图1中下部径向定子和磁轴承转子之间的装配结构俯视图；
图5是图3中磁轴承转子、轴向定子和拉力盘之间的装配结构放大图；
图6是图1中磁轴承转子、飞轮和拉力盘之间的装配结构放大图；
图7是图6中磁轴承转子和拉力盘的分解结构图；
图8是本发明工作在充电和能量保持阶段时，五自由度混合磁轴承实现静态被动悬浮的原理图；
图9是本发明工作在放电阶段时，五自由度混合磁轴承实现径向二自由度平衡控制的原理图；
图10是本发明工作在放电阶段时，五自由度混合磁轴承实现径向旋转二自由度平衡控制的原理图；
图11是本发明工作在放电阶段时，五自由度混合磁轴实现轴向单自由度平衡控制的原理图。
图中：3.飞轮电池转轴；4.上部径向定子；5.下部径向定子；9.飞轮；10.拉力盘；11.中心转轴辅助轴承；12.上辅助轴承；13.下辅助轴承；14.磁轴承转子；15.上端盖；16.外壳；17.下端盖；18.电动机/发电机；19.联轴器；21,22,23.上部径向控制线圈；24,25,26.下部径向控制线圈；31.电机转轴；32.磁轴承转轴；41,42,43.上部径向定子极；51,52,53.下部径向定子极；61.上部环形永磁体；62.下部环形永磁体；71.上部轴向定子；72.下部轴向定子；73.圆盘；74.圆环体；81.上部轴向控制线圈；82.下部轴向控制线圈；91.飞轮中空圆柱体；92.飞轮中空圆盘。
具体实施方式
参见图1和图2所示，本发明的最外部是一个外壳16，外壳16为中空圆柱体，外壳16的顶部密封连接上端盖15，底部密封连接下端盖17，上端盖15和下端盖17的形状相同，均为圆台状端盖，并且中心开有通孔，以便各安装一个辅助轴承，其中上端盖15的中心通孔处通过过盈配合安装上辅助轴承12，下端盖17的中心通孔处通过过盈配合安装下辅助轴承13，上辅助轴承12和下辅助轴承13形状大小相同，其外径与中心通孔的内径相等。由外壳16、上端盖15和下端盖17三者之间形成一个密闭的真空腔室。
在密闭的真空腔室的内部正中间设有五自由度混合磁轴承，再结合图3所示，五自由度混合磁轴承是在轴向上上下对称的结构，包括磁轴承转轴32、磁轴承转子14、拉力盘10、径向定子、轴向定子和环形永磁体。正中间是磁轴承转轴32，磁轴承转轴32的中心与外壳16的中心重合，在磁轴承转轴32外同轴心地套有磁轴承转子14，磁轴承转子14外套有拉力盘10、径向定子、轴向定子和环形永磁体，其中拉力盘10与磁轴承转子14紧密固定相接，径向定子、轴向定子、环形永磁体内壁与磁轴承转子14外壁之间有间隙。
参见图1、2、3所示，磁轴承转子14的轴向正中间通过过盈配合固定套拉力盘10。拉力盘10上下两侧布置上下对称的轴向定子、环形永磁体和径向定子。其中，轴向定子由上部轴向定子71和下部轴向定子72组成，径向定子由上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5组成，环形永磁体由上部永磁体61和下部永磁体62。上部轴向定子71和下部轴向定子72相对于拉力盘10上下对称，上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5相对于拉力盘10 上下对称，上部永磁体61和下部永磁体62相对于拉力盘10上下对称。上部永磁体61固定叠压连接在上部径向定子4和上部轴向定子71之间，下部永磁体62固定叠压连接在下部径向定子5和下部轴向定子72之间。
上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5同轴布置，上部径向定子4的上端面和磁轴承转子14的上端面平齐，下部径向定子5的下端面和磁轴承转子14的下端面平齐。
拉力盘10、轴向定子、径向定子、环形永磁体四者的外径均相等。
参见图3并结合4所示，上部径向定子4的轭部和下部径向定子5的轭部各自沿圆周方向均匀布置三个径向定子极，分别是三个上部径向定子极41、42、43和三个下部径向定子极51、52、53。三个上部径向定子极41、42、43和三个下部径向定子极51、52、53的形状完全相同，上下投影重叠。三个上部径向定子极41、42、43的上端面和上部径向定子4的轭部上端面平齐，三个下部径向定子极51、52、53的下端面和下部径向定子5的轭部下端面平齐。在每个径向定子极上绕有径向控制线圈，分别是上部径向控制线圈21、22、23和下部径向控制线圈24、25、26，6个完全相同的径向控制线圈一一对应地绕制于三个上部径向定子极11、12、13和三个下部径向定子极81、82、83上。三个上部径向定子极11、12、13和三个下部径向定子极81、82、83的内端都带有极靴，极靴内表面为圆弧柱面。当磁轴承转子14处于平衡位置时，上部径向定子极11、12、13以及下部径向定子极81、82、83的极靴内表面与磁轴承转子14外壁之间留有0.5mm的径向气隙。
上部径向控制线圈21、22、23与上端盖15相互不接触，同样，下部径向控制线圈24、25、26与下端盖17相互不接触。
参见图5并结合图3，轴向定子的上部轴向定子71和下部轴向定子72结构相同，都是原盘状。上部轴向定子71和下部轴向定子72同轴布置，分别位于拉力盘10的上下两侧，并且与拉力盘10之间留有轴向间隙。上部轴向定子71与上部径向控制线圈21、22、23不接触，下部轴向定子72和下部径向控制线圈24、25、26不接触。上部轴向定子71通过一个线圈架固定上部轴向控制线圈81，上部轴向控制线圈81紧贴在上部轴向定子71的内壁上，下部轴向定子72通过另一个线圈架固定下部轴向控制线圈82，下部轴向控制线圈82紧贴在下部轴向定子72的内壁上。上部轴向控制线圈81和下部轴向控制线圈82都同轴套在磁轴承转子14外，与磁轴承转子14之间留有径向间隙，并且与拉力盘10之间留有轴向间隙。
轴向定子的上部轴向定71和下部轴向定子72均各由一个圆盘73和一个圆环体74 在轴向上叠放且固定连接而成。圆盘73的外径等于圆环体74的外径，圆环体74的内径远大于圆盘73的内径。上部轴向控制线圈81和下部轴向控制线圈82分别紧贴在对应的圆环体74的内壁上，当上部轴向控制线圈81和下部轴向控制线圈82通电时，圆环体74内能产生轴向控制磁场。当飞轮9处于平衡位置时，在径向上，拉力盘10上下两侧的圆盘73的内壁与磁轴承转子14之间留有0.5mm的径向气隙。在轴向上，上部轴向定子71的圆环体74的下端面与拉力盘10的上端面保持0.5mm的轴向气隙；下部轴向定子72的圆环体74的上端面与拉力盘10的下端面保持0.5mm的轴向气隙。
如图1、2、3所示，上部径向定子4与上部轴向定子71之间以及下部径向定子5与下部轴向定子72之间分别固定叠压一块形状相同的环形永磁体，分别是上部环形永磁体61和下部环形永磁体62。上部环形永磁体61和下部环形永磁体62的结构相同，均采用高性能稀土材料钕铁硼制成，均轴向充磁，上部环形永磁体61和下部环形永磁体62的充磁方向相反，环形永磁体的S极相面对面。上部环形永磁体61和下部环形永磁体62的内径与上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5的轭部的内径相等、外径与上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5的轭部的外径相等。
如图1图2所示，上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5的外壁上各紧密套一个环状隔磁铝环，其中上隔磁铝环27通过过盈配合紧密套在上部径向定子4外，下隔磁铝环28通过过盈配合紧密套在下部径向定子5外。上隔磁铝环27和下隔磁铝环28还通过冷压焊的方式分别紧密固定连接对应的上端盖15和下部盖17，使固定连接的径向定子、轴向定子和环形永磁体一起通过环状隔磁铝环固定不动。这样，上隔磁铝环27和下隔磁铝环28不仅隔绝了上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5与外壳16之间的磁场，而且起到固定磁轴承的作用。上隔磁铝环27和下隔磁铝环28的内径等于上部径向定子4和下部径向定子5的外径，外径远小于外壳16的内径。
如图6所示，在磁轴承转子14的轴向正中间位置通过过盈配合固定套有拉力盘10。轴向上，拉力盘10的上端面到磁轴承转子14上端面的距离与轴向上拉力盘10的下端面到磁轴承转子14下端面的距离相等。拉力盘10外通过过盈配合固定套有飞轮9。飞轮9由一个中空圆筒体91和一个中空圆盘92连接组成，中空圆盘92的外径等于中空圆筒体91的内径，中空圆筒体91的轴向长度远大于中空圆盘92的轴向长度。中空圆盘92同轴紧密套在中空圆筒体91内部中央，中空圆盘92上下两端面到中空圆筒体91对应的上下两端面距离相等，中空圆盘92外壁与中空圆筒体91内壁紧密连接。中空圆盘92同轴紧密套在拉力盘10外，中空圆盘92内壁与拉力盘10外壁紧密接触。中空圆盘92的轴 向厚度与拉力盘10的轴向厚度相等，中空圆盘92的上下两端面与拉力盘10的上下两端面对应地平齐。中空圆筒体91与中空圆盘92都采用高强度碳纤维复合材料加工而成。
参见图1，上部轴向定71和下部轴向定子72的外径远小于飞轮9的中空圆筒体91的内径，上部轴向定71和下部轴向定子72位于飞轮9的中空圆筒体91的筒体内部。飞轮9的外径小于外壳16的内径。飞轮9的上下两个端面与上端盖15的下表面和下端盖17的上表面之间保持一定的间距，这样就使得飞轮拥有一定的空间裕量，正常运行。
如图7所示，磁轴承转子14的轴向中心处加工为齿状结构，齿状结构的轴向厚度为拉力盘10的轴向厚度。拉力盘10外形为中空圆盘，拉力盘10的内壁加工为与磁轴承转子14上的齿状相配合的齿状，磁轴承转子14与拉力盘10通过齿状结构过盈配合紧密连接。
再参见图1，外壳16的顶面之上正中间是电动机/发电机18，电动机/发电机18的正中间是中心转轴31，中心转轴31上安装中心转轴辅助轴承11。中心转轴31从上至下伸入外壳16内部，穿过上端盖15上的上辅助轴承12后通过联轴器19同轴固定连接磁轴承转轴32上端，磁轴承转轴32下端通过下辅助轴承13连接下端盖17。由此，由中心转轴31和磁轴承转轴32共同组成了飞轮电池转轴3，飞轮电池转轴3在外壳16的中心位置。
磁轴承转轴32外通过过盈配合紧密套磁轴承转子14，两者固定连接在一起。磁轴承转轴32的轴向长度大于磁轴承转子14的长度，磁轴承转轴32的上下两端分别伸出磁轴承转子14上下两端之外。磁轴承转子14的上端面到磁轴承转轴32的上端面以及磁轴承转子14的下端面到磁轴承转轴32的下端面间留有一定的距离，以便于磁轴承转轴32与联轴器19、下辅助轴承13相连接。
本发明飞轮电池工作时，分为充电、能量保持、放电这三个阶段，具体如下：
(1)充电阶段，电动机/发电机18处于电动机的工作状态。当本发明飞轮电池需要充电时，将电动汽车的充电线与外部电网连接，从电网来的电能通过功率电子变换后驱动电动机/发电机18的电机转轴31转动，进而通过联轴器12驱动磁轴承转轴32一起转动，由磁轴承转轴32带动磁轴承转子14、拉力盘10、飞轮9共同转动。此时，磁轴承的上部环形永磁体61和下部环形永磁体62提供偏置磁场，实现飞轮9的静态被动悬浮转动。如图8所示，静态被动悬浮时，上部环形永磁体61产生的偏置磁通从其N极经过上部径向定子4，再经过径向气隙进入磁轴承转子14后分为两路，一路通过上部轴向定子71的圆盘73的内壁磁轴承与转子14间的气隙进入圆盘73中，一路通过磁轴承转子14进入拉力盘10中，再 经过轴向气隙进入上部轴向定子71的圆环体74中，并进入圆盘73中，最终在圆盘73中汇合，回到S极。同样地，下部环形永磁体62产生的偏置磁通从其N极经过下部径向定子5，再经过径向气隙进入磁轴承转子14后分为两路，一路通过下部轴向定子72的圆盘73的内壁与磁轴承转子14间的气隙进入圆盘73中，一路通过转子14进入拉力盘10中，再经过轴向气隙进入下部轴向定子72的圆环体74中，并进入圆盘73中，最终两路磁路在圆盘73中汇合，回到S极。当磁轴承转子14处于中心平衡位置时，磁轴承转子14的中心轴位于磁轴承中心处，在径向上，磁轴承转子14与上部径向定子极41、42、43以及下部径向定子极51、52、53极靴间的气息磁通完全相等，因此磁轴承转子14在径向上受电磁力平衡，实现磁轴承转子14径向稳定悬浮。轴向上，拉力盘10上表面与上部轴向定子71的圆环体74的下底面间的气隙磁通与拉力盘10上表面与下部轴向定子72的圆环体74的上表面间的气隙磁通完全相等。磁轴承转子14在轴向上受到的电磁力平衡，因此，实现磁轴承转子14轴向稳定悬浮。这样，飞轮9就以电能的形式把能量储存下来，从而完成电能转为机械能的能量储存过程，此时电动机/发电机18处于电动机的工作状态。
(2)能量保持阶段，就是通常的电池“充足”的状态。飞轮9几乎维持在一个恒定的转速。此时，依然是磁轴承的上部环形永磁体61和下部环形永磁体62提供偏置磁场，实现飞轮9的静态被动悬浮转动。这个阶段一直持续到飞轮电池接收到一个能量释放的控制信号为止。
(3)放电阶段，电动机/发电机18处于发电机状态。当电动汽车发动时，本发明飞轮电池需要给电动汽车供应电能，此时高速旋转的飞轮9驱动拉力盘10、磁轴承转子14、磁轴承转轴32，进而驱动与磁轴承转轴32通过联轴器12连接的电机转轴31同时转动，此时飞轮9作为原动机带动电动机/发电机18发电，电动机/发电机18经过功率变换器等设备输出适合电动汽车运行的电流和电压。此时电动机/发电机18处于发电机状态，从而完成机械能转换电能的释放过程。在这一阶段中，当本发明飞轮电池受到外界扰动，如电动汽车进行上下坡、转弯、刹车等动作时，整个飞轮电池转轴3就会出现失稳状态，此时就需要通过对磁轴承的控制来实现整个飞轮电池转轴3的径向二自由度平衡、径向扭转二自由度平衡以及轴向单自由度平衡。在轴向控制方面，对上部轴向控制线圈81和下部轴向控制线圈82通以直流电与轴向定子组成电磁铁，通过改变控制直流电的大小和方向来改变轴向上转子受力大小与方向，从而实现对轴向一个自由度的控制。在径向控制方面，对置于上下各一组三磁极径向定子的上部径向控制线圈21、22、23和下部径向控制线圈24、25、26通以交流三相电，通过改变径向控制线圈电流大小，实现了径向上 四个自由度的精准控制。具体如下：
径向二自由度的实现：当磁轴承转子14在径向二自由度(X,Y)收到干扰而偏离平衡位置时，对上部径向控制线圈21、22、23与下部径向控制线圈24，25，26通电，其产生的单磁通指向与位置偏移相反的方向，产生相应的径向控制磁悬浮力，使磁轴承转子14回到径向平衡位置。假设磁轴承转子14在径向X轴负方向上受到扰动而偏移平衡位置，上部径向控制线圈21、22、23与下部径向控制线圈24、25、26均会通电，产生的控制磁通如图9中的粗实线及其箭头所示，上部环形永磁体61和下部环形永磁体62产生的偏置磁通如图9中的虚线及其箭头所示，经过上部径向定子极41、43以及下部径向定子极51、53中的偏置磁通和控制磁通方向相反，而总磁通减弱。上部径向定子极42和下部径向定子极52中的偏置磁通和控制磁通方向相同，进而总磁通增强，使得在X轴负方向上的单磁通加强，磁轴承转子14受到X负方向的磁拉力F1及F2而回到平衡位置。
径向扭转二自由度的实现：参见图10，当磁轴承转子14在径向扭转二自由度(θx，θy)受到干扰而偏离平衡位置时，依然对上部径向控制线圈21、22、23与下部径向控制线圈24、25、26通电，其产生的单磁通指向与位置偏移相反的方向，产生扭矩，使磁轴承转子14回到径向平衡位置。假设磁轴承转子1414受到扰动在X正方向上发生扭转，扭转角度为θx，对上部径向控制线圈21、22、23与下部径向控制线圈24、25、26通电，产生的控制磁通如图10中粗实线及其箭头所示，上部环形永磁体31和下部环形永磁体32产生的偏置磁通如图10中的虚线及其箭头所示，可以看出，上部径向定子极41、43中的偏置磁通和控制磁通方向相反，上部径向定子极41、43中的总磁通减弱，而上部径向定子极42中的转子偏置磁通和控制磁通方向相同，总磁通增强，磁轴承转子14会受到X负方向的磁拉力F1。下部径向控制线圈51、52、53通电后，经过下部径向定子极51、53中的偏置磁通和控制磁通方向相同，经过下部径向定子极51、53中总磁通增强，而经过下部径向定子极52偏置磁通和控制磁通方向相反，进而总磁通减弱，磁轴承转子14受到下部径向定子极51、53的磁拉力F3、F4，其合成磁拉力F2指向X正方向，因此磁轴承转子14受到恢复扭转力矩使其回到平衡位置。
参见图11，上部轴向控制线圈81和下部轴向控制线圈82通以直流电，当磁轴承转子14在轴向上出现位置偏移时，通过改变直流控制电流的大小与方向，进而改变拉力盘10下表面与上部轴向定子71的圆环体74的下底面间的气隙磁通与轴向上拉力盘10下 表面与下部轴向定子72的圆环体74的上表面间的气隙磁通的大小，在轴向气隙处产生磁吸力使拉力盘10回到轴向参考平衡位置。例如当拉力盘10向上偏移时，只需增强下部轴向控制线圈82内部电流的大小，就会使得拉力盘10下表面与下部轴向定子72的圆环体74的上表面间的气隙磁通变大，由此，磁轴承转子14受到的合成电磁力FZ向下，将磁轴承转子14拉回轴向平衡位置，因此，轴向上的一个自由度得到控制。
由于磁轴承转子14与电机转轴32同轴紧密相套，磁轴承转子14回到平衡位置，也即整个飞轮电池转轴3回到平衡位置，这样飞轮电池在失稳的状态下重新回到平衡状态。
根据以上所述，便可以实现本发明。对本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下做出的其它的变化和修改，仍包括在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，包括一个由外壳(16)、上端盖(15)和下端盖(17)形成的密闭真空腔室，其特征是：在密闭真空腔室的内部正中间设有五自由度混合磁轴承，该磁轴承正中间是磁轴承转轴(32)，磁轴承转轴(32)外同轴紧密套有磁轴承转子(14)，磁轴承转子(14)的轴向正中间外紧密套有拉力盘(10)，拉力盘(10)外固定套有飞轮(9)，磁轴承转子(14)外还有间隙地套径向定子、轴向定子和环形永磁体，径向定子的定子极上绕有径向控制线圈，轴向定子内设轴向控制线圈，环形永磁体轴向充磁；外壳(16)顶面外正中间是电动机/发电机(18)，电动机/发电机(18)正中间是电机转轴(31)，电机转轴(31)从上至下伸入外壳(16)内同轴固定连接所述磁轴承转轴(32)上端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：当电机转轴(31)转动，带动磁轴承转子(14)、拉力盘(10)和飞轮(9)共同转动，所述环形永磁体提供偏置磁场，飞轮(9)被动悬浮转动；当飞轮(9)驱动拉力盘(10)、磁轴承转子(14)和电机转轴(31)共同转动，对轴向控制线圈通直流电，控制磁轴承转子(14)和电机转轴(31)轴向一个自由度，对径向控制线圈通交流电，控制磁轴承转子(14)和电机转轴(31)径向上四个自由度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：拉力盘(10)上下两侧布置上下对称的轴向定子、环形永磁体和径向定子，轴向定子由上部轴向定子(71)和下部轴向定子(72)组成，径向定子由上部径向定子(4)和下部径向定子(5)组成，环形永磁体由上部永磁体(61)和下部永磁体(62)；上部永磁体(61)固定连接在上部径向定子(4)和上部轴向定子(71)之间，下部永磁体(62)固定连接在下部径向定子(5)和下部轴向定子(72)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：上部径向定子(4)和下部径向定子(5)的外壁上各紧密套一个环状隔磁铝环，上、下环状隔磁铝环各对应地固定连接上端盖(15)和下部盖(17)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：上部径向定子(4)的轭部和下部径向定子(5)的轭部各自沿圆周方向均匀布置三个径向定子极，每个径向定子极上绕有径向控制线圈，每个径向定子极的内端都带有极靴，极靴内表面与磁轴承转子(14)外壁之间留有径向气隙；上部轴向定子(71)和下部轴向定子(72)与拉力盘(10)之间留有轴向间隙。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：上部轴向定(71)和下部轴向定子(72)均各由一个圆盘(73)和一个圆环体(74)在轴向上叠放且固定连接而成，圆盘(73)的外径等于圆环体(74)的外径，圆环体(74)的内径大于圆盘(73)的内径。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：飞轮(9)由一个中空圆筒体(91)和一个中空圆盘(92)连接组成，中空圆盘(92)同轴紧密套在中空圆筒体(91)内部中央，中空圆筒体(91)的轴向长度大于中空圆盘(92)的轴向长度，中空圆盘(92)同轴紧密套在拉力盘(10)外，中空圆盘(92)的轴向厚度与拉力盘(10)的轴向厚度相等。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：拉力盘(10)、轴向定子、径向定子、环形永磁体四者的外径均相等；磁轴承转轴(32)的轴向长度大于磁轴承转子(14)的长度；上部径向定子(4)的上端面和磁轴承转子(14)的上端面平齐，下部径向定子(5)的下端面和磁轴承转子(14)的下端面平齐；
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：磁轴承转子(14)的轴向中心处通过齿状结构与拉力盘(10)固定连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的采用五自由度混合磁轴承的车载飞轮电池，其特征是：环形永磁体的径向定子的轭部的内径相等。
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