WO2017193786A1 - 铁路车辆用盘式发电机及铁路车辆模组 - Google Patents
铁路车辆用盘式发电机及铁路车辆模组 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017193786A1 WO2017193786A1 PCT/CN2017/081215 CN2017081215W WO2017193786A1 WO 2017193786 A1 WO2017193786 A1 WO 2017193786A1 CN 2017081215 W CN2017081215 W CN 2017081215W WO 2017193786 A1 WO2017193786 A1 WO 2017193786A1
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- rotor
- railway vehicle
- stator
- generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of railway vehicles, and more particularly to a disk generator for a railway vehicle and a railway vehicle module including the same.
- a shaft end generator is a type of generator that relies on the kinetic energy of the vehicle.
- the rotor of the shaft end generator is mounted to the axle and the stator is fixed to the firmware (e.g., the axle box frame).
- the current generator is constructed in a cylindrical shape.
- the rotor 200 is directly mounted to the axle 100, and the stator 300 is fixed to an axle box frame not shown.
- the rotor 200 includes a rotor body and a magnet 201 mounted to an outer surface of the barrel of the rotor body.
- the stator 300 includes a stator coil (not shown).
- the present invention proposes a disk generator for a railway vehicle.
- the invention may be employed, but is not limited to the following.
- a disk generator for a railway vehicle comprising a disk-shaped first rotor and a disk-shaped stator, the first rotor being provided with a magnet, and the stator is provided with a coil,
- the first rotor is used for connection with an axle of the railway vehicle
- the stator is used for fixing and fixing with the firmware of the railway vehicle.
- the disk generator further includes a disk-shaped second rotor, the first rotor and the second rotor being located on both axial sides of the stator.
- the magnetic poles at opposite positions on the circumference of the first rotor and the second rotor are opposite.
- the stator is annular in shape with a hole
- the second rotor is connected to the shaft end of the axle and/or the connection of the first rotor via a hole of the stator.
- the disk generator further includes a disk-shaped yoke, and the first rotor and the yoke are located on both axial sides of the stator.
- the yoke is fixedly connected to the stator or the firmware.
- the first rotor is provided with permanent magnets, the first rotor and the surface of the stator Opposite each other.
- the firmware is an axle box, an axle box frame or an end cover of the axle box.
- the disc generator for a railway vehicle further includes a first connection structure for connecting the stator to the firmware.
- the disc generator for a railway vehicle further includes a second connection structure for connecting the first rotor to the axle.
- the first rotor is mounted to a shaft end of the axle via a bolt, the stator and the yoke being mounted together to the firmware via a bolt.
- the present invention also provides a railway vehicle module comprising a disk generator for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.
- the railway vehicle module further includes an axlebox at least partially made of cast iron.
- the "disc shape” in the present invention means a shape in which the diameter of the main surface (disk surface) is much larger than the axial thickness.
- the diameter of the major surface is more than 5 times the axial thickness, and more preferably, the diameter of the major surface is more than 10 times the axial thickness.
- the coaxiality between the rotor and the stator is low, and it is easy to remove the disk generator from the bogie, and the disk type
- the generator can generate electricity at low rotational speeds, and the initial torque between the stator and the rotor is much lower than the initial torque between the rotor and stator of the cylindrically constructed generator.
- the disk generator for a railway vehicle of the present invention is more suitable for use in a railway vehicle.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a generator of a cylindrical configuration applied to a railway vehicle according to the prior art.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the rotor of the generator of the cylindrical configuration of Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a disk generator for a railway vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the first rotor of the disk generator for a railway vehicle of FIG. 3.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the mounting manner of the disk generator for a railway vehicle of Fig. 3.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a mounting manner of a disk generator for a railway vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- axle 2 first rotor 21 permanent magnet 3 stator 31 hole 4 second rotor 5 bolt
- a first embodiment of the present invention is directed to a disk generator for a railway vehicle including two rotors.
- the disk generator for a railway vehicle of the first embodiment includes a first rotor 2, a stator 3, and a second rotor 4.
- the first rotor 2, the stator 3, and the second rotor 4 have a disk shape or an annular shape (all referred to as "disk shape" in the present invention).
- the stator 3 is located between the first rotor 2 and the second rotor 4, and the distance between the first rotor 2 and the second rotor 4 is an air gap.
- the first rotor 2, the stator 3, and the second rotor 4 are disposed in parallel with each other such that the main surfaces (disk faces) of the three are opposed to each other.
- the first rotor 2 is directly fixed to the shaft end of the axle 1 of the railway vehicle, and the stator 3 is fixed to the firmware of a railway vehicle not shown.
- the firmware referred to in the present application refers to a railway car that does not rotate with the axle. a relatively fixed component of the main body, such as an axle box, an axle box frame or an end cover of the axle box, etc., so that the railway vehicle axle can be rotated based on the fixed positional relationship between the stator 3 and the rotor (the first rotor 2 and the second rotor 4)
- the kinetic energy of time is converted into electrical energy.
- a hole 31 is formed in the stator 3, and the second rotor 4 is fixed to the first rotor 2 and/or the axle 1 by bolts 5 passing through the hole 31. Thereby, the first rotor 2 and the second rotor 4 are synchronously rotated.
- the permanent magnet is mounted to the outer surface (disk surface) of the rotor, and in Fig. 4, only the first rotor 2 and the permanent magnet 21 thereon are shown.
- the second rotor 4 has a structure similar to that of the first rotor 2, the permanent magnets of the first rotor 2 and the second rotor 4 are respectively opposed to each other, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets on the circumferentially opposite positions are opposite. Thereby, the magnetic lines of force from one permanent magnet of the first rotor 2 pass through the stator 3 to reach the other permanent magnet of the second rotor 4, and vice versa.
- the disc generator of the present invention is based on the kinetic energy of the railway vehicle, and the permanent magnet is used in combination with the rotor, which makes the structure of the entire generator more It is simple and more suitable for railway vehicles.
- the disc generator of the present invention does not require major modifications to existing railway vehicles, and only needs to install the disc generator to the bogie or the traveling frame of the railway vehicle.
- through holes or blind holes of the same shape as the permanent magnet to be mounted may be formed in the material of the rotor, and then the permanent magnets may be embedded and/or bonded to the Formed in a through hole or blind hole.
- the stator 3 includes a stator coil (not shown).
- the stator 3 can be attached to an axle box frame or other firmware (not shown) at its center or outer periphery.
- the magnetic field strength is larger than that of the combined structure of the single rotor and the yoke/back plate described later, and a larger generator output can be produced.
- a second embodiment of the present invention relates to a disk generator for a railway vehicle including a rotor and a yoke.
- a disk generator for a railway vehicle of a second embodiment includes a first rotor 2, a stator 3, and a yoke 6.
- the first rotor 2, the stator 3, and the yoke 6 are all disk-shaped.
- the stator 3 is located between the first rotor 2 and the yoke 6, and an air gap is formed between the yoke 6 and the first rotor 2.
- the first rotor 2, the stator 3, and the yoke 6 are disposed in parallel with each other such that the main surfaces (disk faces) of the three are opposed to each other.
- the size of the air gap should be reasonably set according to the actual application requirements. Generally, the larger the air gap, the lower the power generation efficiency.
- the first rotor 2 is directly mounted to the shaft end of the axle 1, and preferably, the first rotor 2 is attached to the axial end of the axle 1 by means of an existing screw hole of the shaft end of the general axle 1. In this way, the change to the existing axle 1 is minimized.
- the stator 3 and the yoke 6 are fixed to the axle box frame 7.
- the stator 3 and the yoke 6 can be fixed to the axle box frame 7, respectively. However, preferably, the stator 3 and the yoke 6 are fixed to the axle box frame 7 together.
- stator 3 and the yoke 6 are fixed together to the end cover 71 of the axle box 7, for example by bolting, riveting, welding or any other fixed connection means. In this way, the installation is very simple and convenient.
- the yoke 6 provides a passage for the magnetic lines of the permanent magnet of the first rotor 2. That is, the magnetic lines of force of the permanent magnets on the first rotor 2 pass through the stator 3 to reach the yoke 6, and then return from the yoke 6 to the permanent magnets on the first rotor 2.
- the arrangement of the yoke 6 enhances the output of the generator compared to the provision of only one rotor.
- the second embodiment there is no strict requirement for the relative positional relationship between the first rotor 2 and the yoke 6, and the second embodiment does not require an image in the second embodiment as compared with the dual rotor disk generator of the first embodiment.
- the first rotor 2 and the second rotor 4 are precisely aligned as in the first embodiment.
- the second rotor 4 needs to be perforated; in the case where the stator 3 is fixed on the outer periphery of the stator 3, A corresponding fixed connection structure is required, thus requiring a large installation space.
- the mounting of the stator 3 (and the yoke 6) is simpler, the space occupied is smaller, and the effective use area of the stator and the rotor can be improved (ie, The area of the portion where the permanent magnet or coil is placed). Also, the disassembly of the generator of the second embodiment is also simpler and more convenient.
- the axle box frame 7 is partially or entirely made of cast iron. Compared with aluminum housings, cast iron is less expensive and has excellent explosion protection.
- the disk generator of the present invention has at least the following advantages compared to a cylindrically constructed generator.
- the disc generator can generate electric power at a low rotational speed, and the initial torque between the stator and the rotor is much lower than the initial torque between the rotor and the stator of the cylindrically constructed generator, and is more suitable for application to a railway vehicle.
- the rotor and the stator can be thinner, and thus the rotor and the stator are of lower quality, facilitating the dynamic balancing process of the axle to which the disk generator is mounted.
- the number of rotors and stators in the present application, and the manner in which the rotor to the axle and the stator are attached to the axle box frame are not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and the positions and the number of the bolts and the permanent magnets may be appropriately set.
- first rotor may also be fixed to the shaft end by other structures such as snaps.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
一种铁路车辆用盘式发电机及铁路车辆模组。该铁路车辆用盘式发电机包括盘状的第一转子(2)和盘状的定子(3),所述第一转子(2)设置有磁体(21),所述定子(3)设置有线圈,其中,所述第一转子(2)用于与所述铁路车辆的车轴(1)连接固定,所述定子(3)用于与所述铁路车辆的固件连接固定。该铁路车辆用盘式发电机及包括该盘式发电机的铁路车辆模组中,转子(2,4)和定子(3)之间的同轴性需求很低,容易从转向架拆卸盘式发电机,盘式发电机可以在低转速下产生电力,定子和转子之间的初始扭矩比筒状构造的发电机的转子和定子之间的初始扭矩低很多,更适于应用于铁路车辆。
Description
相关申请的引用
本申请要求申请日为2016年5月9日,申请号为201610302665.7,发明名称为“铁路车辆用盘式发电机及铁路车辆模组”的中国发明专利申请的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
本发明涉及铁路车辆领域,更具体地涉及铁路车辆用盘式发电机及包括该发电机的铁路车辆模组。
铁路货车过去没有电源,这是因为在过去在铁路货车中电应用的很少。
然而,随着铁路货车的发展,在铁路货车上应用了越来越多的传感器、电子部件,电源解决方案变成重要的需求。
已提议的电源解决方案有如下几种:例如,由机车头汽油发电机、甚至风力发电机和太阳能电池来提供电力。然而,极其恶劣的工作环境及高可靠性要求导致所有这些方案都不能与“轴端发电机”概念相比。轴端发电机是依赖车辆的动能的一种发电机。
为了尽量减少对现有铁路车辆的机械改动,一般地,轴端发电机的转子安装到车轴上,而定子固定到固件(例如轴箱框架)上。
如图1和图2所示,目前的发电机构造为筒状。转子200直接安装到车轴100,定子300固定到未示出的轴箱框架。转子200包括转子主体和安装于转子主体的筒外表面的磁体201。定子300包括定子线圈(未示出)。
这种筒状构造的发电机具有如下几个缺点:
(1)转子和定子需要高的同轴性,然而,在铁路上,轴箱制造公差和安装公差为发电机同轴组装带来了挑战。另外,转向架的磨损及破裂导致了轴和轴箱之间的同轴性变差。
(2)筒状构造的发电机会产生非常强的磁力,这导致从车辆拆卸发电机非常困难。
发明内容
为解决铁路车辆中的筒状构造的发电机的组装、拆卸方面的问题,本发明提议一种铁路车辆用盘式发电机。
本发明可以采用、但不限于下述方案。
一种铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其包括盘状的第一转子和盘状的定子,所述第一转子设置有磁体,所述定子设置有线圈,
其中,所述第一转子用于与所述铁路车辆的车轴连接固定,所述定子用于与所述铁路车辆的固件连接固定。
优选地,所述盘式发电机还包括盘状的第二转子,所述第一转子和所述第二转子位于所述定子的轴向两侧。
优选地,所述第一转子和所述第二转子的圆周上相对位置处的磁极相反。
优选地,所述定子为具有孔的圆环状,所述第二转子经由所述定子的孔实现到所述车轴的轴端和/或所述第一转子的连接固定。
优选地,所述盘式发电机还包括盘状的磁轭,所述第一转子和所述磁轭位于所述定子的轴向两侧。
优选地,所述磁轭与所述定子或所述固件连接固定。
优选地,所述第一转子设置有永磁体,所述第一转子和所述定子的盘面
彼此相对。
优选地,所述固件为轴箱、轴箱框架或轴箱的端盖。
优选地,所述铁路车辆用盘式发电机还包括第一连接结构,用于将所述定子连接到所述固件。
优选地,所述铁路车辆用盘式发电机还包括第二连接结构,用于将所述第一转子连接到所述车轴。
优选地,所述第一转子经由螺栓安装到所述车轴的轴端,所述定子和所述磁轭一起经由螺栓安装到所述固件。
本发明还提供一种铁路车辆模组,所述铁路车辆模组包括根据本发明的铁路车辆用盘式发电机。
优选地,所述铁路车辆模组还包括至少部分地由铸铁制成的轴箱。
应当理解,本发明中的“盘状”是指如下形状:主表面(盘面)的直径远大于轴向厚度。例如,主表面的直径为轴向厚度的5倍以上,更优选地,主表面的直径为轴向厚度的10倍以上。
在本发明的铁路车辆用盘式发电机及包括该盘式发电机的铁路车辆模组中,转子和定子之间的同轴性需求很低,容易从转向架拆卸盘式发电机,盘式发电机可以在低转速下产生电力,定子和转子之间的初始扭矩比筒状构造的发电机的转子和定子之间的初始扭矩低很多。本发明的铁路车辆用盘式发电机更适于应用于铁路车辆。
图1示出根据现有技术的应用于铁路车辆的筒状构造的发电机的示意图。
图2示出图1的筒状构造的发电机的转子的示意图。
图3示出根据本发明的第一实施方式的铁路车辆用盘式发电机的示意图。
图4示出图3的铁路车辆用盘式发电机的第一转子的示意图。
图5示出图3的铁路车辆用盘式发电机的安装方式的示意图。
图6示出根据本发明的第二实施方式的铁路车辆用盘式发电机的安装方式的示意图。
附图标记说明
100车轴 200转子 300定子 201磁体
1车轴 2第一转子 21永磁体 3定子 31孔 4第二转子 5螺栓
6磁轭 7轴箱框架 71端盖
下面参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式。
第一实施方式
参照图3-5,本发明的第一实施方式涉及一种包括两个转子的铁路车辆用盘式发电机。
第一实施方式的铁路车辆用盘式发电机包括第一转子2、定子3和第二转子4。第一转子2、定子3和第二转子4为圆盘状或圆环状(均为本发明所称的“盘状”)。定子3位于第一转子2和第二转子4之间,第一转子2与第二转子4之间的距离为气隙。第一转子2、定子3和第二转子4彼此平行配置,使得三者的主表面(盘面)彼此相对。
第一转子2直接与铁路车辆的车轴1的轴端连接固定,定子3固定到未示出的铁路车辆的固件上,本申请中所说的固件指不随车轴转动的、与铁路车
辆主体相对固定的部件,如轴箱、轴箱框架或轴箱的端盖等,从而可以基于定子3和转子(第一转子2和第二转子4)的固定位置关系,将铁路车辆车轴旋转时的动能转化为电能。定子3中形成有孔31,第二转子4通过穿过该孔31的螺栓5固定于第一转子2和/或车轴1。从而使第一转子2和第二转子4同步转动。
永磁体安装到转子的外表面(盘面),在图4中,仅示出了第一转子2及其上的永磁体21。应当理解,至少在永磁体方面,第二转子4具有与第一转子2类似的结构,第一转子2和第二转子4的永磁体分别彼此相对,圆周上相对位置的永磁体的磁极相反。从而从第一转子2的一个永磁体出来的磁力线穿过定子3而到达第二转子4的另一个永磁体,反之亦然。
与一般筒状构造的发电机的转子的励磁线圈(电磁体)相比,在本发明的盘式发电机基于铁路车辆的动能,结合转子中使用永磁体,这使得整个发电机的构造更为简单,更适用于铁路车辆,另外,本发明的盘式发电机不需要对现有铁路车辆进行较大改动,只需要将盘式发电机安装到铁路车辆的转向架或走行架。
为了进一步减轻转子的厚度(轴向厚度)和质量,可以在构造转子的材料中形成与将安装的永磁体形状相同的通孔或盲孔,然后将永磁体嵌到和/或粘接到所形成的通孔或盲孔中。
定子3包括定子线圈(未示出)。定子3可以在其中央或外周缘安装于未图示的轴箱框架或其他固件。
在本发明的该双转子盘式发电机中,与后述的单个转子和磁轭/背板的组合结构相比,磁场强度更大,可以产生更大的发电机输出。
第二实施方式
下面参照图6说明本发明的第二实施方式。对于与第一实施方式相同的
部件标注相同的附图标记,并省略对这些部件的具体说明。
本发明的第二实施方式涉及一种包括一个转子和一个磁轭的铁路车辆用盘式发电机。
参照图6,第二实施方式的铁路车辆用盘式发电机包括第一转子2、定子3和磁轭6。第一转子2、定子3和磁轭6均为圆盘状。定子3位于第一转子2和磁轭6之间,磁轭6和第一转子2之间为气隙。第一转子2、定子3和磁轭6彼此平行配置,使得三者的主表面(盘面)彼此相对。
该气隙的大小应根据实际应用需求合理设置,一般地,气隙越大,发电效率越低。
第一转子2直接安装到车轴1的轴端,优选地,第一转子2利用一般的车轴1的轴端的现有的螺孔安装到车轴1的轴端。这样,最大程度地减少了对现有的车轴1的改变。定子3和磁轭6固定到轴箱框架7。定子3和磁轭6可以分别固定到轴箱框架7。但是,优选地,定子3和磁轭6一起固定到轴箱框架7。
在图6所示的示例中,例如通过螺栓、铆接、焊接或任何其他固定连接手段将定子3和磁轭6一起固定到轴箱7的端盖71。这样,安装十分简单、方便。
磁轭6为第一转子2的永磁体的磁力线提供了通道。也就是,第一转子2上的永磁体的磁力线穿过定子3到达磁轭6,然后从磁轭6返回第一转子2上的永磁体。与仅设置一个转子相比,磁轭6的设置增强了发电机的输出。
第二实施方式中,对第一转子2和磁轭6之间的相对位置关系没有严格的要求,与第一实施方式的双转子盘式发电机相比,在第二实施方式中不需要像第一实施方式中那样精确地对准第一转子2和第二转子4。在第一实施方式中,在将定子3安装到如图6所示的端盖71的情况下,需要对第二转子4进行穿孔;在定子3的外周缘来实现定子3固定的情况下,需要对应的固定连接结构,因而需要较大的安装空间。在第二实施方式中,定子3(和磁轭6)的安装更为简单,占用的空间更小,同时可以提高定子和转子的有效使用面积(即
布置永磁体或线圈的部位的面积)。同样,第二实施方式的发电机的拆卸也更为简单方便。
在本发明中,优选地,轴箱框架7部分或全部由铸铁制成。与铝制壳体相比,铸铁的成本更低,并且具有优异的防爆性。
与筒状构造的发电机相比,本发明的盘式发电机具有至少如下优点。
(1)由于转子和定子彼此平行地盘面相对,因而转子和定子之间的同轴性需求很低。从而可以减小发电机尺寸。
(2)容易从转向架拆卸盘式发电机,这是因为在盘式发电机的定子和转子之间是面吸引,因此转子和定子之间的磁力小。
(3)盘式发电机可以在低转速下产生电力,定子和转子之间的初始扭矩比筒状构造的发电机的转子和定子之间的初始扭矩低很多,更适于应用到铁路车辆。
(4)转子和定子可以较薄,因而转子和定子质量较低,便于进行盘式发电机所安装到的车轴的动态平衡工序。
当然,本发明不限于上述实施方式,本领域技术人员在本发明的教导下可以对本发明的上述实施方式作出各种改变和变型,而不脱离本发明的范围。
例如,本申请中的转子、定子的个数,转子到车轴和定子到轴箱框架的安装方式不限于上述具体实施方式,螺栓、永磁体的设置位置、个数也可以适当地设定。
例如,第一转子还可以通过卡扣等的其它结构固定到轴端。
Claims (13)
- 一种铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其包括盘状的第一转子和盘状的定子,所述第一转子设置有磁体,所述定子设置有线圈,其中,所述第一转子用于与所述铁路车辆的车轴连接固定,所述定子用于与所述铁路车辆的固件连接固定。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述盘式发电机还包括盘状的第二转子,所述第一转子和所述第二转子位于所述定子的轴向两侧。
- 根据权利要求2所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述第一转子和所述第二转子的圆周上相对位置处的磁极相反。
- 根据权利要求2所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述定子为具有孔的圆环状,所述第二转子经由所述定子的孔实现到所述车轴的轴端和/或所述第一转子的连接固定。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述盘式发电机还包括盘状的磁轭,所述第一转子和所述磁轭位于所述定子的轴向两侧。
- 根据权利要求5所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述磁轭与所述定子或所述固件连接固定。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述第一转子设置有永磁体,所述第一转子和所述定子的盘面彼此相对。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述固件为轴箱、轴箱框架或轴箱的端盖。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述铁路车辆用盘式发电机还包括第一连接结构,用于将所述定子连接到所述固件。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述铁路车辆用盘式发电机还包括第二连接结构,用于将所述第一转子连接到所述车轴。
- 根据权利要求5所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机,其特征在于,所述第一转子经由螺栓安装到所述车轴的轴端,所述定子和所述磁轭一起经由螺栓安装到所述固件。
- 一种铁路车辆模组,其特征在于,所述铁路车辆模组包括权利要求1至11中任一项所述的铁路车辆用盘式发电机。
- 根据权利要求12所述的铁路车辆模组,其特征在于,所述铁路车辆模组还包括至少部分地由铸铁制成的轴箱。
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