WO2019019206A1 - 一种轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵 - Google Patents

一种轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019019206A1
WO2019019206A1 PCT/CN2017/095713 CN2017095713W WO2019019206A1 WO 2019019206 A1 WO2019019206 A1 WO 2019019206A1 CN 2017095713 W CN2017095713 W CN 2017095713W WO 2019019206 A1 WO2019019206 A1 WO 2019019206A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axial
suspension
magnet
magnetic
impeller
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PCT/CN2017/095713
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李国荣
朱晓东
Original Assignee
中国医学科学院阜外医院
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Publication of WO2019019206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019206A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/408—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable
    • A61M60/411—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/165—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart
    • A61M60/178—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/237—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/422—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/50—Details relating to control
    • A61M60/508—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation
    • A61M60/538—Regulation using real-time blood pump operational parameter data, e.g. motor current
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/82—Magnetic bearings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/12—Blood circulatory system
    • A61M2210/125—Heart

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial feedback control magnetic suspension axial blood flow pump in the field of biomedical engineering.
  • Cardiac assistive devices are an effective means of treating advanced heart failure, and axial flow pumps have many advantages as a cardiac assist device that can be implanted into the human body for a long time, and have developed rapidly in recent years.
  • the only moving part of the axial blood pump is the "impeller” that rotates at high speed, and the bearing that supports the "impeller” is one of the key technologies.
  • the ideal axial blood pump bearing can work continuously in the blood for a long time without being blocked by the precipitated protein, without a large amount of friction and heat generation, resulting in local temperature rise, no mechanical wear and good blood compatibility.
  • Ball bearings cannot be used for axial blood pumps because the bearings are immersed in the blood, rolling of the rolling bodies can destroy blood cells, and protein deposition in the blood can eventually lead to ball clogging.
  • the plain bearing utilizes the relative motion between two mutually contacting smooth surfaces to effect support of the impeller.
  • the physical properties of the two mechanical contact surfaces including hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, finish, lubrication conditions, etc., will affect the working condition of the bearing.
  • the "ball-and-socket" structural sliding bearing made of high hardness material is Although the axial blood pump has obtained a good application effect, there is currently no perfect sliding bearing for the blood environment, and the mechanical friction and wear cannot be completely prevented. It can be seen that the exploration and improvement of the bearing system of the axial blood pump is of great significance.
  • Magnetic-liquid combined suspension support impeller technology
  • the use of magnetic suspension or “magnetic-liquid” combined suspension support impeller technology can completely remove the mechanical support points of the impeller, and has developed rapidly in recent years.
  • Magnetic-Liquid does not require a special control system, no energy loss, and does not increase the volume of the heart assist device when implemented. These unique advantages make it a more successful application, such as the "HeartWare” in the United States. HVAD” cardiac assist device.
  • the "magnetic-liquid” combined suspension technology has the disadvantage of requiring a "fluid suspension gap" between the impeller and the inner wall of the pump casing, which is indispensable for generating hydrodynamic suspension, due to excessive The liquid suspension gap often leads to unstable suspension of the impeller, so the suspension gap should not be too large.
  • the narrow suspension gap can increase the local shear force, aggravate the destruction of blood cells, and can also cause a large number of platelet activation, which limits the blood. Optimized improvement of pump blood compatibility. In addition, due to the extremely high precision of the suspension gap, it is difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • the use of a complete magnetic suspension structure can form a large suspension gap and reduce the damage of blood components.
  • the five-degree-of-freedom full-magnetic suspension of the rotating impeller needs to adopt the feedback electromagnetic control mechanism in at least one direction of motion freedom, and requires the sensor, signal processing and feedback control circuit system; in the axial blood flow pump, the magnetic suspension comparison of the rotor Difficulty, achieving high-efficiency axial feedback control requires electromagnetic hubs with feedback adjustment performance at both ends of the rotor. Therefore, the hub end faces of the impeller hub and the front and rear guide vanes are larger, and a "fracture-like" suspension gap can be formed between the opposite faces.
  • the front impeller hub is embedded with an electromagnetic bearing winding and an iron core for realizing axial feedback control of magnetic levitation, the diameter thereof is not easily reduced.
  • the end face is large, so that the blood flow in the suspension gap is poorly washed.
  • the front suspension gap and the rear suspension gap must be as small as possible, further causing the blood in the fracture-like structure to be insufficiently flushed, becoming a "dead zone" with extremely slow blood flow and increasing thrombus formation. The chance.
  • the present invention provides a novel axial feedback control magnetic suspension axial blood flow pump, which adopts a stator magnetic ring suspension technology outside the pump casing, which is different from the existing magnetic suspension axial blood flow pump.
  • the front and rear stator radial suspension magnetic rings and the front and rear axial control windings for the magnetic levitation support are arranged in an annular structure outside the pump casing of the axial flow pump, so that the hubs of the front and rear guide vanes and the impeller hub are opposite
  • the end is in the shape of a vertebral body, the suspension gap is reduced, and the blood flow is improved.
  • the axial suspension position of the rotor is constantly changed under the program control, so that the blood in the suspension gap is continuously updated and the pump is continuously pumped.
  • the internal structure is more fully eroded to prevent thrombosis.
  • the present invention provides an axial feedback control magnetic suspension axial blood flow pump.
  • the invention provides an axial feedback control magnetic suspension shaft blood flow pump, which adopts a permanent magnet suspension force to limit the radial displacement of the impeller, and a feedback regulated electromagnetic force limits the axial position of the impeller;
  • the axial flow pump cylinder drives the motor stator and the drive Motor rotor, impeller, leading vane, rear vane, front radial magnetic suspension bearing, rear radial magnetic suspension bearing, axial electromagnetic bearing, position sensor and axial feedback control circuit.
  • stator core of the driving motor and the stator winding of the driving motor are wrapped around the wall of the axial pump cylinder, the impeller is disposed in the cavity of the axial pump cylinder, and the rotor of the driving motor is embedded in the impeller hub; the rotor of the driving motor is driven Radial magnetization can obtain the torque to drive the impeller under the action of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator core of the driving motor and the stator winding of the driving motor; the rotor of the driving motor adopts two pairs of magnetic poles to avoid the front and rear radial magnetic suspension bearings. Magnetic interference.
  • the front radial magnetic suspension bearing is composed of a front stator radial suspension magnetic ring and a front rotor radial suspension magnet.
  • the front rotor radial suspension magnet is cylindrical, made of permanent magnet material, axially magnetized, and embedded.
  • the front stator radial suspension magnetic ring is annular, made of permanent magnet material, and the length is equal to that of the front rotor radial suspension magnet.
  • the axial magnetization is wrapped around the axial pump barrel, and is located at the front end of the motor stator concentrically coaxial with the central axis of the pump cylinder; the position of the front stator radial suspension magnetic ring corresponds to the front rotor radial suspension magnet, and the magnetic pole and the front rotor diameter
  • the floating magnets are arranged in the same direction; the magnetic repulsive force between the front stator radial suspension magnetic ring and the front rotor radial suspension magnet causes the front end of the impeller to be in a radial suspension state, forming a front radial magnetic suspension bearing.
  • the rear radial magnetic suspension bearing is composed of a rear stator radial suspension magnetic ring and a rear rotor radial suspension magnet.
  • the rear rotor radial suspension magnet is cylindrical, made of permanent magnet material, axially magnetized, and embedded.
  • the axis thereof is concentric with the central axis of the pump cylinder;
  • the radial magnetic suspension ring of the rear stator is annular, made of permanent magnet material, and the length is equal to the radial suspension magnet of the rear rotor.
  • the axial magnetization is wrapped around the axial pump barrel, and is located at the rear end of the stator of the motor and is concentric with the central axis of the pump cylinder; the position of the radial suspension magnetic ring of the rear stator corresponds to the radial suspension magnet of the rear rotor, and the magnetic pole and the rear rotor
  • the radial suspension magnets are arranged in the same direction; the magnetic repulsive force between the rear stator radial suspension magnetic ring and the rear rotor radial suspension magnet causes the rear end of the impeller to be in a radial suspension state, forming a rear radial magnetic suspension bearing.
  • the axial electromagnetic bearing is composed of a front axial control magnet, a rear axial control magnet, a front axial control winding, a rear axial control winding, a Hall sensor and an axial feedback control circuit;
  • the rear axial control magnet is cylindrical, made of permanent magnet material, axially magnetized, embedded in the impeller hub, at both ends of the impeller hub, the axis of which is concentric with the central axis of the pump cylinder;
  • the rear axial control winding is a solenoid concentric with the axial pump barrel, wrapped around the axial pump barrel, and its axial position overlaps with the front and rear axial control magnets, and the front shaft can be passed when the current passes.
  • An axial magnetic force is generated to the control magnet and the rear axial control magnet.
  • the axial lengths of the front axial control magnet, the rear axial control magnet, the front axial control winding, and the rear axial control winding can be adjusted as needed, and the length of the front axial control magnet and the rear axial control magnet can be increased.
  • Increase the axial magnetic adjustment gradient; the front axial control magnet and the rear axial control magnet are cylindrical, conical or a combination of a cylinder and a cone.
  • the top of the current axial control magnet and the rear axial control magnet are In the case of a cone, the cone is partially embedded in the vertebral body at both ends of the impeller hub.
  • a Hall sensor is embedded in the front end of the rear diversion tunnel, and the axial position signal of the impeller hub is converted into an electrical signal by sensing the magnetic field strength of the axial control magnet, and is output to the axial feedback control circuit.
  • the Hall sensor can also be embedded in the leading impeller hub, or the Hall sensor can be simultaneously embedded in the anterior and posterior diverting vertebral to enhance the positioning accuracy of the axial position of the impeller.
  • the axial feedback control circuit can determine the axial position of the impeller according to the electrical signal transmitted by the Hall sensor, and adjust the strength and direction of the feed of the forward axial control winding and the rear axial control winding according to the axial position of the impeller.
  • the axial position of the impeller is maintained constant by a negative feedback control mechanism.
  • the front end surface and the rear end surface of the impeller hub are all vertebral bodies, and the front end surface and the rear end surface of the front diverting tunnel and the front end surface and the rear end surface of the rear diverting tunnel are also vertebral bodies, and the front of the impeller hub
  • the vertebral body and the posterior vertebral body are respectively opposite to the vertebral body tip of the anterior and posterior diverting vertebrae, and the gap between the two apical portions forms a anterior suspension gap and a posterior suspension gap, and the suspension gap is reduced and the blood flow is improved;
  • the anterior diverting vertebral body, the posterior guiding vertebral embedded vertebral magnet, the posterior guiding vertebral magnet, and the front axial control magnet in the impeller hub and the top end of the rear axial control magnet can generate magnetic Gravity, further constraining the impeller to prevent radial displacement at both ends;
  • the axial suspension control point of the different impellers can be set by the axial feedback control circuit to suspend the impeller in different axial positions; the width of the front suspension gap and the rear suspension gap are constantly changed, so that the blood in the gap continuously Renewal and flow can avoid the formation of slow flow zone.
  • the axial suspension position of the rotor is constantly changing under program control, so that the blood in the suspension gap is continuously updated and flowing;
  • the top surface of the leading flow guide, the rear guide vane and the impeller hub is coated with a film with high wear resistance and high mechanical strength.
  • the acceleration force of the impeller exceeds the axial magnetic levitation strength
  • the leading flow guide and the rear guide Mechanical contact of the flow cone with the tip end of the impeller hub prevents axial displacement of the impeller.
  • the invention supports the impeller by the magnetic suspension bearing instead of the mechanical bearing, can reduce the local friction of the bearing, prevent the local heat generation and temperature rise, and prolong the working life of the axial blood pump; the permanent magnet suspension force is used to limit the radial displacement of the impeller, and the feedback regulation is adopted.
  • the electromagnetic force limits the axial position of the impeller; the axial pump pump cylinder drives the motor stator, the drive motor rotor, the impeller, the leading vane, the rear vane, the front radial magnetic suspension bearing, the rear radial magnetic suspension bearing, the axial electromagnetic bearing,
  • the position sensor and the axial feedback control circuit are composed.
  • the front stator radial suspension magnetic ring, the rear stator radial suspension magnetic ring and the front axial control winding and the rear axial control winding which constitute the radial permanent magnet bearing are all arranged in an annular structure in the axial flow pump Outside the pump casing, the structure inside the pump is simplified, the blood flow flushing effect is improved, the thrombus formation is better prevented, and the working stability is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of an embodiment of an axial feedback controlled magnetic suspension axial blood pump according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an axial feedback control magnetic suspension shaft blood pump suspension impeller and a suspension gap according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing changes in axial suspension position and suspension gap volume of the axial suspension feedback control magnetic suspension shaft of the magnetic suspension shaft.
  • 4 is a schematic structural view of a prior art magnetic suspension artificial heart pump.
  • FIG. 1 Figure 2, Figure 3: 1. Pump inlet, 2. Leading flow vertebral, 3. Leading vertebral magnet, 4. Pump, 5. Lead vane, 6. Front axial control winding, 7 The front stator radial suspension magnetic ring, 8. drive motor stator core, 9. Drive motor stator winding, 10. Rear stator radial suspension magnetic ring, 11. Rear axial control winding, 12. Rear guide vane, 13. Rear diverting vertebra, 14. Rear diverting magnet, 15. Pump outlet, 16. Hall sensor, 17. Rear suspension gap, 18. Rear axial control magnet, 19. Rear rotor radial suspension magnet, 20. Drive motor rotor, 21. Impeller blade, 22. Front rotor radial suspension magnet, 23. Front axial control magnet, 24. Front suspension clearance, 25. Impeller hub.
  • the permanent magnet suspension force is used to limit the radial displacement of the impeller.
  • the electromagnetic position of the impeller is used to limit the axial position of the impeller.
  • the axial pump pump cylinder drives the stator of the motor, the rotor of the driving motor, the impeller, the leading vane, the trailing vane, and the front radial direction. Magnetic suspension bearing, rear radial magnetic suspension bearing, axial electromagnetic bearing, position sensor and axial feedback control circuit.
  • the axial flow control axial flow pump of the magnetic suspension shaft blood pump is composed of a tubular pump cylinder 4 and a front guide vane, an impeller, a rear guide vane and a stator of the drive motor surrounded by the pump cylinder 4 And the front radial magnetic suspension bearing, the rear radial magnetic suspension bearing, the axial electromagnetic bearing.
  • the impeller consists of an impeller blade 21 and an impeller hub 25. The impeller achieves full five-degree-of-freedom suspension under the common control of the front radial magnetic suspension bearing, the rear radial magnetic suspension bearing and the axial electromagnetic bearing.
  • the leading vane is composed of the leading vane blade 5 and the leading diverting flow 2, and is connected and fixed to the inner wall of the pump cylinder 4 through the leading vane blade 5.
  • the posterior guide vane is composed of the posterior guide vane 12 and the posterior guide vane 13 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pump cylinder 4 by the posterior guide vane 12.
  • the anterior diverting vertebra 2 and the posterior diverting vertebral 13 are embedded with an axially magnetized front-guided vertebral magnet 3, a posterior vertebral magnet 14, a anterior vertebral magnet 3, and a posterior vertebral magnet 14
  • the axially magnetized front axial control magnet 23 and the rear axial control magnet 18 in the impeller hub 25 are opposed to each other, and are arranged correspondingly with the opposite magnetic poles, and the radial displacement of the front end and the rear end of the impeller hub 25 can be restricted by magnetic attraction. .
  • the impeller hub 25 is embedded with a front axial control magnet 23 and a rear axial control magnet 18, and is also embedded with a front rotor radial suspension magnet 22, a rear rotor radial suspension magnet 19, and a drive motor rotor 20;
  • the position of the rotor 20 of the motor corresponds to the position of the stator of the drive motor outside the wall of the pump cylinder 4.
  • the stator of the driving motor surrounded by the wall of the pump cylinder 4 is composed of a stator core 8 for driving the motor and a stator winding 9 for driving the motor; the front end and the rear end of the stator of the driving motor 4 are also surrounded by a front axial control winding 6
  • the rotor radial suspension magnet 19 and the rear axial control magnet 18 correspond in position.
  • the front stator radial suspension magnetic ring 7 and the front rotor radial suspension magnet 10 are composed of high-performance permanent magnet materials and are axially magnetized, equal in length and arranged in opposite poles, and the diameter of the front end of the impeller hub 25 is limited by magnetic repulsive force.
  • the displacement is to form a front radial magnetic suspension bearing of the impeller.
  • the rear stator radial suspension magnetic ring 10 and the rear rotor radial suspension magnet 19 are also composed of a high-performance permanent magnet material, axially magnetized, equal in length and arranged in opposite poles, and the diameter of the rear end of the impeller hub 25 is limited by magnetic repulsive force.
  • the displacement is formed to form a rear radial magnetic suspension bearing of the impeller.
  • the front and rear radial magnetic suspension bearings that limit the radial displacement of the impeller are passed between the front stator radial suspension magnetic ring 7, the rear stator radial suspension magnetic ring 10, the front rotor radial suspension magnet 22, and the rear rotor radial suspension magnet 19.
  • the radial magnetic repulsion also uses the front axial control magnet 23 at both ends of the impeller hub, the magnetic attraction between the top end of the rear axial control magnet 18 and the leading end of the vertebral magnet 3, and the tip of the rear guiding vertebral magnet 14 to further limit the impeller radial direction. Displacement can improve the radial magnetic suspension stability of the impeller.
  • the front axial control magnet 23 and the rear axial control magnet 18 are both composed of high-performance permanent magnet material and axially magnetized. When the axial magnetic field is present, the impeller can be moved forward and backward along the axial direction of the pump cylinder 4 by magnetic force. .
  • the front axial control winding 6 corresponds to the position of the front axial control magnet 23, and an axial magnetic field can be generated in the pump cylinder 4 when current flows through the axial control winding 6, and is controlled by the magnetic force acting on the front axial control magnet 23.
  • the axial position of the impeller hub 25 forms a front axial electromagnetic bearing.
  • the rear axial control winding 11 corresponds to the position of the rear axial control magnet 18, and when the current in the rear axial control winding 11 passes, the axial position of the impeller hub 25 can be further controlled by the magnetic force acting on the rear axial control magnet 18.
  • the rear axial electromagnetic bearing is formed to improve the strength of the axial electromagnetic control.
  • a Hall sensor 16 is embedded in the front end of the rear flow guiding shaft 13, and the axial position signal of the impeller hub 25 is converted into an electric signal by sensing the magnetic field strength of the axial control magnet 18, and is output to the axial feedback control circuit ( Not shown in the figure).
  • the axial feedback control circuit adjusts the current intensity and direction in the front axial control winding 6 and the rear axial control winding 11 according to this signal to ensure that the impeller is in an axial suspension state.
  • the axial suspension control points of the different impellers can also be set by the axial feedback control circuit to enable the impeller to suspend in different axial positions. As shown in FIG.
  • the axial feedback control circuit can periodically change the axial suspension position of the impeller under the control of the input program, so that the widths of the front suspension gap 24 and the rear suspension gap 17 are constantly changing.
  • the axial suspension position of the impeller hub 25 is shifted forward in the A position, and the axial suspension position of the impeller hub 25 is shifted backward in the B position, and the suspension gap is caused by the continuous change of the width of the front suspension gap 24 and the rear suspension gap 17
  • the volume changes, when the width of the suspension gap increases, the blood is sucked into the gap, and the gap width becomes smaller.
  • the blood is squeezed out of the gap, whereby the blood in the gap continuously updates and flows, thereby avoiding the formation of a slow flow region and preventing thrombus formation.
  • the power drive system of the magnetic suspension axial flow pump is composed of a drive motor stator and a drive motor rotor 20.
  • the drive motor stator includes a drive motor stator core 8 and a drive motor stator winding 9; the drive motor stator winding 9 is a three-phase winding, when the sequence feeds When the electricity is generated, a rotating magnetic field can be generated to drive the rotor 20 of the driving motor to rotate, and the impeller is powered.
  • the working principle is the same as that of the DC permanent magnet brushless motor.
  • the drive motor rotor 20 is composed of a high-performance permanent magnet material and employs two pairs of magnetic poles to make a magnetic force between the drive motor rotor 20 and the front stator radial suspension magnetic ring 7 and the rear stator radial suspension magnetic ring 10 with an axis. Symmetry, eliminating the radial deflection force of the impeller due to the magnetic force, preventing the magnetic interference of the rotor 20 of the driving motor to the radial permanent magnet suspension system, and improving the stability of the radial suspension of the impeller.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，叶轮轮毂（25）中包埋有前转子径向悬浮磁体（22）、后转子径向悬浮磁体（19）以及驱动电机转子（20）；泵筒（4）壁外包绕有前轴向控制绕组（6）、前定子径向悬浮磁环（7）、后定子径向悬浮磁环（10）和后轴向控制绕组（11），分别与前轴向控制磁体（23）、前转子径向悬浮磁体（22）、后转子径向悬浮磁体（19）和后轴向控制磁体（18）位置对应，形成叶轮的前径向磁悬浮轴承、后径向磁悬浮轴承。前轴向控制磁体（23）、后轴向控制磁体（18）在前轴向控制绕组（6）、后轴向控制绕组（11）控制下限制叶轮轮毂（25）的轴向位置。后导流椎（13）内的前端包埋霍尔传感器（16），输出位置信号到轴向反馈控制电路。

Description

一种轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵 技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物医学工程领域的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵。
 背景技术
心脏辅助装置是治疗晚期心衰的有效手段，而轴流血泵作为可长期植入人体的心脏辅助装置具有诸多优势，近年来发展迅速。轴流血泵的唯一运动部件是高速旋转的“叶轮”，而支撑“叶轮”的轴承是关键技术之一。理想的轴流血泵轴承是能在血液中长期连续工作，不被沉淀蛋白所阻塞，没有大量摩擦产热而致局部温度升高，无机械磨损并有良好的血液相容性。滚珠轴承不能用于轴流血泵，因为轴承浸泡在血液中，滚动体的滚动可破坏血细胞，且血液中蛋白沉积可最终导致滚珠堵塞。滑动轴承利用两个互相接触的光滑表面之间的相对运动来实现对叶轮的支撑。两个机械接触面的物理性质，包括硬度，耐磨性，耐腐蚀性，光洁度，润滑条件等均会影响到轴承的工作状况，采用高硬度材料制成的“球-窝”结构式滑动轴承在轴流血泵中虽然获得较好的应用效果，但目前还没有完美的用于血液环境的滑动轴承，仍然不能完全防止机械摩擦和磨损。由此可见，轴流血泵的轴承系统的探索改进具有重要的意义。
采用磁悬浮或“磁-液”联合悬浮支撑叶轮的技术，可完全去除叶轮的机械支撑点，近年来迅速发展。“磁-液”悬浮不需要专门的控制系统，无能量耗损，实施时可不增加心脏辅助装置的体积，这些独特的优点使其得到了较成功的应用，如美国的“HeartWare HVAD”心脏辅助装置。但是，“磁-液”联合悬浮技术的缺点是需要在叶轮和泵壳内壁之间设置“流体悬浮间隙”，此间隙是产生流体动力悬浮所不可缺少的，由于过大的液悬浮间隙往往导致叶轮悬浮不稳定，所以悬浮间隙不宜太大。狭小的悬浮间隙可使局部剪切力增加，加重血细胞的破坏，还可导致血小板的大量激活，这一缺点限制了提高血泵血液相容性的优化改进。另外，由于悬浮间隙的精度要求极高，所以加工制造成本也难以降低。
采用完全的磁悬浮结构可形成较大的悬浮间隙，降低血液成份的破坏。根据物理学原理，实现旋转叶轮的五自由度全磁悬浮需要至少在一个运动自由度方向上采用反馈电磁控制机构，需要传感器、信号处理和反馈控制电路系统；在轴流血泵，转子的磁悬浮比较困难，实现高效率轴向反馈控制需要在转子的两端设置具有反馈调节性能的电磁轮毂，因此叶轮轮毂和前、后导叶的轮毂端面较大，相对面间可形成“裂隙样”悬浮间隙,此间隙往往成为很难被液流冲刷的“死区”，易于血栓形成。德国的“Berlin Heart INCOR”轴流泵是目前已经应用于临床的磁悬浮轴流血泵，其采用的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮结构就有可能降低泵内的血流冲刷。图4为另一个类似于“Berlin Heart INCOR”轴流泵结构的发明专利（专利申请公布号CN 102151341 A）示意图。由图可见，前导叶轮毂及后导叶轮毂与叶轮轮毂之间存在裂隙样悬浮间隙，由于前导叶轮毂中包埋有实现轴向反馈控制磁悬浮的电磁轴承绕组及铁芯，其直径不易缩小，端面较大，使悬浮间隙血流冲刷不良。为保证较强的轴向悬浮刚度，前悬浮间隙和后悬浮间隙必须尽可能小，进一步导致裂隙样结构内的血液无法得到充分冲刷，成为血流极其缓慢的“死区”，增加了血栓形成的几率。
为了避免血泵内血流“死区”的形成，本发明提供一种新型轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，采用泵壳外定子磁环悬浮技术，不同于现有的磁悬浮轴流血泵，用于磁悬浮支撑的前、后定子径向悬浮磁环和前、后轴向控制绕组均以环状结构设置在轴流泵的泵壳外，使前、后导叶的轮毂及叶轮轮毂相对端呈椎体状，悬浮间隙减小、血流冲刷改善；同时在实现稳定的转子径向悬浮的同时，转子轴向悬浮位置在程序控制下不断变化，使悬浮间隙内血液不断更新流动，泵内结构得到更充分的血流冲刷，防止血栓形成。
 技术问题
为了改善植入式心脏辅助装置的性能,本发明提供一种轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵。
 技术解决方案
本发明具体技术方案如下：
本发明提供一种轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，采用永磁悬浮力限制叶轮的径向位移，反馈调控的电磁力限制叶轮的轴向位置；由轴流泵泵筒，驱动电机定子、驱动电机转子、叶轮、前导叶、后导叶、前径向磁悬浮轴承、后径向磁悬浮轴承、轴向电磁轴承、位置传感器和轴向反馈控制电路组成。
进一步的改进，驱动电机定子铁芯、驱动电机定子绕组包绕在轴流泵泵筒的壁外，叶轮设置在轴流泵泵筒的腔内，叶轮轮毂中包埋驱动电机转子；驱动电机转子径向充磁，可在驱动电机定子铁芯、驱动电机定子绕组产生的旋转磁场作用下获得转矩带动叶轮旋转；驱动电机转子采用两对磁极的结构，可避免对前、后径向磁悬浮轴承的磁力干扰。
进一步的改进，前径向磁悬浮轴承由前定子径向悬浮磁环和前转子径向悬浮磁体组成，前转子径向悬浮磁体为圆柱状，由永磁材料制成，轴向充磁，包埋在叶轮轮毂中，位于驱动电机转子之前，其轴线与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；前定子径向悬浮磁环为圆环状，由永磁材料制成，长度与前转子径向悬浮磁体相等，轴向充磁，包绕在轴流泵泵筒外，位于电机定子前端与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；前定子径向悬浮磁环位置与前转子径向悬浮磁体对应，且磁极与前转子径向悬浮磁体同向排列；前定子径向悬浮磁环与前转子径向悬浮磁体之间的磁排斥力使叶轮的前端处于径向悬浮状态，形成前径向磁悬浮轴承。
进一步的改进，后径向磁悬浮轴承由后定子径向悬浮磁环和后转子径向悬浮磁体组成，后转子径向悬浮磁体为圆柱状，由永磁材料制成，轴向充磁，包埋在叶轮轮毂中，位于驱动电机转子之后，其轴线与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；后定子径向悬浮磁环为圆环状，由永磁材料制成，长度与后转子径向悬浮磁体相等，轴向充磁，包绕在轴流泵泵筒外，位于电机定子后端与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；后定子径向悬浮磁环位置与后转子径向悬浮磁体对应，且磁极与后转子径向悬浮磁体同向排列；后定子径向悬浮磁环与后转子径向悬浮磁体之间的磁排斥力使叶轮的后端处于径向悬浮状态，形成后径向磁悬浮轴承。
进一步的改进，轴向电磁轴承由前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体、前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组、霍尔传感器和轴向反馈控制电路组成；前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体为圆柱状，由永磁材料制成，轴向充磁，包埋在叶轮轮毂中，位于叶轮轮毂两端，其轴线与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组为与轴流泵泵筒同心的螺线管，包绕在轴流泵泵筒外，其轴向位置与前、后轴向控制磁体相重叠，电流通过时可对前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体产生轴向磁作用力。
进一步的改进，前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体和前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组的轴向长度可根据需要调整，增加前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体长度可增大轴向磁力调节梯度；前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体为圆柱状、圆锥状或圆柱和圆锥组合成的锥台状，当前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体的顶端是圆锥状时，圆锥体部分包埋在叶轮轮毂两顶端的椎体内。
进一步的改进，在后导流椎内的前端包埋有霍尔传感器，通过感知后轴向控制磁体的磁场强度将叶轮轮毂的轴向位置信号转变为电信号，输出到轴向反馈控制电路。
进一步的改进，霍尔传感器也可以包埋在前导叶轮毂内，也可以在前导流椎、后导流椎内同时包埋霍尔传感器以增强对叶轮轴向位置的定位精度。
进一步的改进，轴向反馈控制电路可根据霍尔传感器传递的电信号确定叶轮的轴向位置，并根据叶轮轴向位置调节向前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组馈电的强度和方向，通过负反馈控制机制维持叶轮轴向位置的恒定。
进一步的改进，叶轮轮毂的前端面、后端面均为椎体状，前导流椎的前端面和后端面以及后导流椎的前端面和后端面也均为椎体状，叶轮轮毂的前椎体、后椎体顶端分别与前导流椎、后导流椎的椎体顶端相对，两顶端间的间隙形成前悬浮间隙、后悬浮间隙，悬浮间隙减小、血流冲刷改善；
优选的，前导流椎、后导流椎内包埋前导流椎磁体、后导流椎磁体，与叶轮轮毂内的前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体的顶端之间可产生磁引力，进一步约束叶轮，防止其两端的径向位移；
优选的，通过轴向反馈控制电路可以设定不同的叶轮的轴向悬浮位置点，使叶轮在不同的轴向位置实现悬浮；前悬浮间隙、后悬浮间隙的宽度不断变化使间隙中的血液不断更新、流动，可避免液流缓慢区的形成，在实现稳定的转子径向悬浮的同时，转子轴向悬浮位置在程序控制下不断变化，使悬浮间隙内血液不断更新流动；
优选的，前导流椎、后导流椎及叶轮轮毂的顶端表面涂镀高耐磨高机械强度的薄膜，当叶轮所承受的加速度力超过轴向磁悬浮强度时，前导流椎、后导流椎与叶轮轮毂的顶端的机械接触可防止叶轮的轴向位移。
 有益效果
本发明所提供的具有高性能的高级热作轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其具有以下优点：
1. 本发明由磁悬浮轴承代替机械轴承支撑叶轮，可减小轴承局部摩擦，防止局部产热和温度升高，延长轴流血泵工作寿命；采用永磁悬浮力限制叶轮的径向位移，采用反馈调控的电磁力限制叶轮的轴向位置；由轴流泵泵筒，驱动电机定子、驱动电机转子、叶轮、前导叶、后导叶、前径向磁悬浮轴承、后径向磁悬浮轴承、轴向电磁轴承、位置传感器和轴向反馈控制电路组成。组成径向永磁轴承的前定子径向悬浮磁环、后定子径向悬浮磁环和组成轴向电磁轴承的前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组均以环状结构设置在轴流泵的泵壳外，简化了泵内结构，改善了血流冲刷效应，可更好地防止血栓形成，提高工作稳定性。
 附图说明
图1为本发明轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵一个实施例的纵剖面构造图；
图2为本发明轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵悬浮叶轮及悬浮间隙立体示意图；
[根据细则20.5改正25.08.2017]　
图3为本发明轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵悬浮叶轮不同轴向悬浮位置及悬浮间隙容积变化示意图。
图4为现有技术磁悬浮人工心脏泵的结构示意图。
图1，图2，图3中：1.泵入口，2.前导流椎，3.前导流椎磁体，4.泵筒，5.前导叶叶片，6.前轴向控制绕组，7.前定子径向悬浮磁环，8.驱动电机定子铁芯，9. 驱动电机定子绕组，10.后定子径向悬浮磁环，11.后轴向控制绕组，12.后导叶叶片，13.后导流椎，14.后导流椎磁体，15.泵出口,16.霍尔传感器，17.后悬浮间隙，18.后轴向控制磁体，19. 后转子径向悬浮磁体，20. 驱动电机转子,21.叶轮叶片,22.前转子径向悬浮磁体,23.前轴向控制磁体,24.前悬浮间隙,25. 叶轮轮毂。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵做进一步说明。
采用永磁悬浮力限制叶轮的径向位移采用反馈调控的电磁力限制叶轮的轴向位置；由轴流泵泵筒，驱动电机定子、驱动电机转子、叶轮、前导叶、后导叶、前径向磁悬浮轴承、后径向磁悬浮轴承、轴向电磁轴承、位置传感器和轴向反馈控制电路组成。由图1和图2可见轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵的轴流泵由管状的泵筒4和位于其中的前导叶，叶轮，后导叶和包绕在泵筒4外的驱动电机定子及前径向磁悬浮轴承、后径向磁悬浮轴承、轴向电磁轴承组成。叶轮由叶轮叶片21和叶轮轮毂25组成。叶轮在前径向磁悬浮轴承、后径向磁悬浮轴承、轴向电磁轴承的共同控制下实现五自由度全悬浮。前导叶由前导叶叶片5及前导流椎2组成，通过前导叶叶片5与泵筒4内壁连接固定。后导叶由后导叶叶片12和后导流椎13组成并通过后导叶叶片12与泵筒4内壁连接固定。前导流椎2、后导流椎13中包埋有轴向充磁的前导流椎磁体3、后导流椎磁体14，前导流椎磁体3、后导流椎磁体14的顶端与叶轮轮毂25中的轴向充磁的前轴向控制磁体23、后轴向控制磁体18的顶端相对，且以异性磁极对应排列，可通过磁引力限制叶轮轮毂25的前端、后端的径向位移。叶轮轮毂25中除包埋有前轴向控制磁体23、后轴向控制磁体18外，还包埋有前转子径向悬浮磁体22、后转子径向悬浮磁体19，以及驱动电机转子20；驱动电机转子20位置与泵筒4壁外的驱动电机定子位置对应。
泵筒4壁外包绕的驱动电机定子由驱动电机定子铁芯8、驱动电机定子绕组9组成；泵筒4壁外在驱动电机定子的前端、后端还包绕有前轴向控制绕组6，前定子径向悬浮磁环7，后定子径向悬浮磁环10和后轴向控制绕组11，分别与叶轮轮毂25中包埋的前轴向控制磁体23、前转子径向悬浮磁体22、后转子径向悬浮磁体19和后轴向控制磁体18位置对应。前定子径向悬浮磁环7和前转子径向悬浮磁体10均为高性能永磁材料组成且轴向充磁，长度相等并以同极相对排列，通过磁排斥力限制叶轮轮毂25前端的径向位移，形成叶轮的前径向磁悬浮轴承。后定子径向悬浮磁环10和后转子径向悬浮磁体19亦为高性能永磁材料组成，轴向充磁，长度相等且以同极相对排列，通过磁排斥力限制叶轮轮毂25后端的径向位移，形成叶轮的后径向磁悬浮轴承。限制叶轮径向位移的前、后径向磁悬浮轴承除了通过前定子径向悬浮磁环7、后定子径向悬浮磁环10与前转子径向悬浮磁体22、后转子径向悬浮磁体19间的径向磁力排斥外还采用了叶轮轮毂两端的前轴向控制磁体23、后轴向控制磁体18顶端与前导流椎磁体3、后导流椎磁体14顶端间的磁引力进一步限制叶轮径向位移，可提高叶轮径向磁悬浮稳定性。前轴向控制磁体23、后轴向控制磁体18均由高性能永磁材料组成且轴向充磁，当轴向磁场存在时可通过磁力作用使叶轮沿泵筒4的轴线方向前、后移动。前轴向控制绕组6与前轴向控制磁体23位置对应，当前轴向控制绕组6中有电流通过时可在泵筒4内产生轴向磁场，通过与前轴向控制磁体23的磁力作用控制叶轮轮毂25的轴向位置，形成前轴向电磁轴承。后轴向控制绕组11与后轴向控制磁体18位置对应，当后轴向控制绕组11中有电流通过时可通过与后轴向控制磁体18的磁力作用进一步控制叶轮轮毂25的轴向位置，形成后轴向电磁轴承，提高轴向电磁控制的强度。
在后导流椎13内的前端包埋有霍尔传感器16，通过感知后轴向控制磁体18的磁场强度将叶轮轮毂25的轴向位置信号转变为电信号，输出到轴向反馈控制电路（图中未画出）。轴向反馈控制电路根据此信号调节前轴向控制绕组6、后轴向控制绕组11中的电流强度和方向，以保证叶轮处于轴向悬浮状态。通过轴向反馈控制电路还可以设定不同的叶轮的轴向悬浮位置点，以便使叶轮在不同的轴向位置实现悬浮。如图3所示：轴向反馈控制电路在输入程序控制下可定时改变叶轮的轴向悬浮位置点，使前悬浮间隙24、后悬浮间隙17的宽度不断变化。A位置时叶轮轮毂25的轴向悬浮位置向前偏移，B位置时叶轮轮毂25的轴向悬浮位置向后偏移，由于前悬浮间隙24、后悬浮间隙17的宽度不断变化导致悬浮间隙中的容积变化，悬浮间隙宽度增大时血液被吸入间隙，间隙宽度变小时血液被挤出间隙，由此间隙中的血液不断地更新、流动，可避免液流缓慢区的形成，防止血栓形成。
该磁悬浮轴流泵的动力驱动系统由驱动电机定子和驱动电机转子20组成，驱动电机定子包括驱动电机定子铁芯8和驱动电机定子绕组9；驱动电机定子绕组9为三相绕组，当顺序馈电时可产生旋转磁场推动驱动电机转子20旋转，为叶轮提供动力，工作原理与直流永磁无刷电机相同。驱动电机转子20由高性能永磁材料组成，且采用两对磁极，以便使驱动电机转子20与前定子径向悬浮磁环7、后定子径向悬浮磁环10之间的磁作用力以轴线对称，消除由于磁力作用导致的叶轮的径向偏斜力，防止驱动电机转子20对径向永磁悬浮系统的磁力干扰，提高叶轮径向悬浮的稳定性。
以上所述实施例仅仅是本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，采用永磁悬浮力限制叶轮的径向位移，反馈调控的电磁力限制叶轮的轴向位置；由轴流泵泵筒，驱动电机定子、驱动电机转子、叶轮、前导叶、后导叶、前径向磁悬浮轴承、后径向磁悬浮轴承、轴向电磁轴承、位置传感器和轴向反馈控制电路组成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，驱动电机定子铁芯、驱动电机定子绕组包绕在轴流泵泵筒的壁外，叶轮设置在轴流泵泵筒的腔内，叶轮轮毂中包埋驱动电机转子；驱动电机转子径向充磁，可在驱动电机定子铁芯、驱动电机定子绕组产生的旋转磁场作用下获得转矩带动叶轮旋转；驱动电机转子采用两对磁极的结构，可避免对前、后径向磁悬浮轴承的磁力干扰。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，前径向磁悬浮轴承由前定子径向悬浮磁环和前转子径向悬浮磁体组成，前转子径向悬浮磁体为圆柱状，由永磁材料制成，轴向充磁，包埋在叶轮轮毂中，位于驱动电机转子之前，其轴线与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；前定子径向悬浮磁环为圆环状，由永磁材料制成，长度与前转子径向悬浮磁体相等，轴向充磁，包绕在轴流泵泵筒外，位于电机定子前端与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；前定子径向悬浮磁环位置与前转子径向悬浮磁体对应，且磁极与前转子径向悬浮磁体同向排列；前定子径向悬浮磁环与前转子径向悬浮磁体之间的磁排斥力使叶轮的前端处于径向悬浮状态，形成前径向磁悬浮轴承。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，后径向磁悬浮轴承由后定子径向悬浮磁环和后转子径向悬浮磁体组成，后转子径向悬浮磁体为圆柱状，由永磁材料制成，轴向充磁，包埋在叶轮轮毂中，位于驱动电机转子之后，其轴线与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；后定子径向悬浮磁环为圆环状，由永磁材料制成，长度与后转子径向悬浮磁体相等，轴向充磁，包绕在轴流泵泵筒外，位于电机定子后端与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；后定子径向悬浮磁环位置与后转子径向悬浮磁体对应，且磁极与后转子径向悬浮磁体同向排列；后定子径向悬浮磁环与后转子径向悬浮磁体之间的磁排斥力使叶轮的后端处于径向悬浮状态，形成后径向磁悬浮轴承。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，轴向电磁轴承由前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体、前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组、霍尔传感器和轴向反馈控制电路组成；前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体为圆柱状，由永磁材料制成，轴向充磁，包埋在叶轮轮毂中，位于叶轮轮毂两端，其轴线与泵筒中轴线同心同轴；前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组为与轴流泵泵筒同心的螺线管，包绕在轴流泵泵筒外，其轴向位置与前、后轴向控制磁体相重叠，电流通过时可对前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体产生轴向磁作用力。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体和前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组的轴向长度可根据需要调整，增加前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体长度可增大轴向磁力调节梯度；前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体为圆柱状、圆锥状或圆柱和圆锥组合成的锥台状，当前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体的顶端是圆锥状时，圆锥体部分包埋在叶轮轮毂两顶端的椎体内。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，在后导流椎内的前端包埋有霍尔传感器，通过感知后轴向控制磁体的磁场强度将叶轮轮毂的轴向位置信号转变为电信号，输出到轴向反馈控制电路。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，霍尔传感器也可以包埋在前导叶轮毂内，也可以在前导流椎、后导流椎内同时包埋霍尔传感器以增强对叶轮轴向位置的定位精度。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，轴向反馈控制电路可根据霍尔传感器传递的电信号确定叶轮的轴向位置，并根据叶轮轴向位置调节向前轴向控制绕组、后轴向控制绕组馈电的强度和方向，通过负反馈控制机制维持叶轮轴向位置的恒定。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的轴向反馈控制磁悬浮轴流血泵，其特征在于，叶轮轮毂的前端面、后端面均为椎体状，前导流椎的前端面和后端面以及后导流椎的前端面和后端面也均为椎体状，叶轮轮毂的前椎体、后椎体顶端分别与前导流椎、后导流椎的椎体顶端相对，两顶端间的间隙形成前悬浮间隙、后悬浮间隙，悬浮间隙减小、血流冲刷改善；
    优选的，前导流椎、后导流椎内包埋前导流椎磁体、后导流椎磁体，与叶轮轮毂内的前轴向控制磁体、后轴向控制磁体的顶端之间可产生磁引力，进一步约束叶轮，防止其两端的径向位移；
    优选的，通过轴向反馈控制电路可以设定不同的叶轮的轴向悬浮位置点，使叶轮在不同的轴向位置实现悬浮；前悬浮间隙、后悬浮间隙的宽度不断变化使间隙中的血液不断更新、流动，可避免液流缓慢区的形成，在实现稳定的转子径向悬浮的同时，转子轴向悬浮位置在程序控制下不断变化，使悬浮间隙内血液不断更新流动；
    优选的，前导流椎、后导流椎及叶轮轮毂的顶端表面涂镀高耐磨高机械强度的薄膜，当叶轮所承受的加速度力超过轴向磁悬浮强度时，前导流椎、后导流椎与叶轮轮毂的顶端的机械接触可防止叶轮的轴向位移。
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CN110224540B (zh) * 2019-06-13 2024-02-02 扬州大学 一种永磁领圈电机
CN110224540A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-09-10 扬州大学 一种永磁领圈电机
CN110500298A (zh) * 2019-09-26 2019-11-26 华北重型装备制造有限公司 外转子永磁电机多级叶轮轴流通风装置
CN110714984A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-01-21 黑龙江省科学院智能制造研究所 一种磁悬浮轴承轴向位移自动稳定装置及稳定方法
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CN115573997A (zh) * 2021-06-21 2023-01-06 迈格钠磁动力股份有限公司 一种可控永磁悬浮轴承
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CN114498971A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-05-13 武汉理工大学 一种全悬浮旋转门装置
CN115445075A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-09 重庆凯磁智能科技研究院有限公司 一种磁悬浮轴向端部双电机血泵的磁悬浮增压驱动总成
CN115337534A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-11-15 重庆凯磁智能科技研究院有限公司 一种用于血泵的磁悬浮增压装置
US12017059B2 (en) 2022-11-15 2024-06-25 CorWave SA Implantable heart pump systems including an improved apical connector and/or graft connector
CN115845246A (zh) * 2022-12-06 2023-03-28 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 离心式磁悬浮人工心脏泵
CN117748818A (zh) * 2024-02-21 2024-03-22 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 一种两悬浮支点三保护支点多级叶轮式磁浮泵组拓扑结构
CN117748818B (zh) * 2024-02-21 2024-05-14 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 一种两悬浮支点三保护支点多级叶轮式磁浮泵组拓扑结构

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