WO2019018994A1 - 一种高效耙吸式挖泥船 - Google Patents

一种高效耙吸式挖泥船 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019018994A1
WO2019018994A1 PCT/CN2017/094200 CN2017094200W WO2019018994A1 WO 2019018994 A1 WO2019018994 A1 WO 2019018994A1 CN 2017094200 W CN2017094200 W CN 2017094200W WO 2019018994 A1 WO2019018994 A1 WO 2019018994A1
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Prior art keywords
baffle
disposed
movable cover
driving
block
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PCT/CN2017/094200
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁晓霞
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袁晓霞
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Application filed by 袁晓霞 filed Critical 袁晓霞
Priority to PCT/CN2017/094200 priority Critical patent/WO2019018994A1/zh
Publication of WO2019018994A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019018994A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E02F3/94—Apparatus for separating stones from the dredged material, i.e. separating or treating dredged material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an efficient suction dredger, in particular to an efficient suction dredger with a long maintenance and care cycle.
  • the self-propelled high-efficiency suction dredger is a large-scale self-propelled and loaded dredger equipped with a Shantou excavator and a hydraulic suction device, which is connected to the suction pipe by a hoe placed on the side of the hull.
  • the cabin mud pump with the hoe under the water, sucks the mud into the cabin with a hoe, and works by sucking and sailing.
  • the specific work of the self-propelled high-efficiency suction dredger is: when dredging, the suction pipe is lowered to the bottom of the river, and the mud pump is used to absorb the mud from the bottom of the river through the vacuum action of the mud pump and into the mud bin of the dredger.
  • the self-propelled high-efficiency suction dredger has good navigation performance, can be self-propelled, self-loading, self-unloading, is in a sailing state during work, does not require a positioning device, and uses a hoe to handle special obstacles and garbage.
  • an efficient suction dredger including a hull, a suction mechanism disposed on the hull, a hoe arranged on the suction mechanism, and a mud disposed in the hull
  • the warehouse, the propulsion mechanism on the hull and the displacement mechanism on the hull have a movable cover on the hoe.
  • the innovation is that the movement cover of the movable cover is provided with a decontamination device, and the decontamination device includes a lateral direction.
  • first baffle disposed on the movable cover and a plurality of second baffles uniformly disposed on the first baffle; the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively provided with a plurality of blocking holes arranged in an array; The baffle and the first baffle are disposed at an angle of 45° to 60°;
  • a cleaning device is also disposed on one side of the impurity removing device, and the cleaning device is a high pressure air gun facing the first baffle and the second baffle of the decontamination device, the high pressure air gun has a plurality of nozzles, and the pair of nozzles is first
  • Each of the barrier holes on the baffle and the second baffle is provided with a backflow prevention rubber ring at the air outlet of the high pressure air gun.
  • the technical solution of the present invention firstly blocks the relatively large impurities in the mud removing device to avoid clogging, and the through holes on the first baffle and the second baffle can pass the impurities allowed by the specification, and the large The debris refused. After the working time is long, the through hole will be gradually closed by the debris. At this time, the high pressure air gun will carry out the high pressure jet to clear the through hole, and then continue to work.
  • the anti-backflow rubber ring on the high pressure air gun can prevent the liquid from being pressed against the high pressure air gun. Countercurrent, the angle between the second baffle and the first baffle is more conducive to the flow of sediment, further ensuring the smoothness of the sediment to prevent sedimentation, and after many tests, the best effect is 45° to 60°.
  • the suction mechanism is provided with a tilting sensor
  • the movable head is provided with a movable cover
  • the movable cover is provided with a first driving device
  • the first driving device drives the movable cover in combination with the data of the inclination sensor
  • the movable cover A driving pressure block is arranged on the top of the driving pressure block
  • a second driving device is arranged on the top of the driving pressure block.
  • the movable cover is internally provided with a translation mechanism, and the driving pressure block drives the translation mechanism longitudinally.
  • the translation mechanism is provided with a moving through hole, and the movable cover is provided.
  • the inner part is provided with a molar outer casing, the molar outer casing is disposed under the translation mechanism, the translation mechanism moves laterally on the molar outer casing, and the connecting piece is arranged in the molar outer casing, and the inclined surface of the connecting block is provided with the molar tooth
  • a fixing plate is disposed on a top surface of the connecting block, and a positioning shaft is disposed on both sides of the fixing plate, the positioning shaft is movably connected to the moving through hole; and a first high-pressure water spraying device is vertically disposed on an inner side of the movable cover, first a high-pressure water spray device is disposed on one side of the molar; a second high-pressure water spray device is obliquely disposed at an outer end of the movable cover, and a second high-pressure water spray device performs high-pressure water spray toward the molar, and the second high-pressure water spray Device and level
  • the inclination angle is 30 ° ⁇ 50 °.
  • the suction mechanism includes a hanger, a sliding device, and a suction pipe.
  • the hanger is disposed on the hull, and the suction pipe is in communication with the hoe.
  • the first drive device includes a first pull rod and a base, the first pull rod is rotatably coupled to the base, and the base is fixedly coupled to the movable cover.
  • the second driving device includes a second pull rod and a driving block, the second pull rod controls the driving block to move up and down, and an elastic reset device is disposed between the driving block and the driving pressing block.
  • the translation mechanism is provided with a card slot
  • the driving pressure block is drivingly connected to the card slot to realize driving the pressure block longitudinally driving the translation mechanism.
  • the molars include a connecting portion and a tooth portion, the outer end of the tooth portion having a triangular cross-sectional area.
  • the first high pressure water spray device includes a water collecting device, a first flushing device, and a first nozzle, and the first nozzle performs high pressure water jetting on the bottom of the water.
  • a partition is provided between the first flushing devices, the length of the partition being greater than the length of the first flushing device.
  • the second high pressure water spray device includes a second flushing device and a second nozzle, The two nozzles spray water at a high pressure toward the molars.
  • the invention has the advantages that the invention measures the horizontal and vertical angles of the suction pipes on both sides and the depth of the underwater water, the lateral inclination and the longitudinal inclination of the ship, the horizontal displacement of the suction pipe and the relative water absorption depth by the inclination sensor, according to the inclination sensor
  • the data can calculate the draft of the hull and the position of the hoe in the river.
  • the first lever on the first drive unit is combined with the data of the inclination sensor to drive the movable cover, adjust the mud angle of the molar, and adopt the first high pressure.
  • the water spray device vertically flushes the water at the bottom of the water, and a partition is arranged between the first flushing device on the first high-pressure water spray device, the length of the partition plate is greater than the length of the first flushing device, and the partition plate can prevent the first nozzle
  • the partition is arranged to vertically flush the water onto the sludge, loose the bottom soil block
  • the second high-pressure water spray device tilts the water to the bottom of the water, and the second high-pressure spray
  • the inclination angle of the water device and the horizontal plane is 30° to 50°, so that the first high-pressure water spray device and the second high-pressure water spray device cooperate with each other to increase the looseness of the water bottom clods.
  • the second pull rod controls the movement of the driving block
  • an elastic reset device is arranged between the driving block and the driving pressure block, and the elastic reset device plays the role of elastically resetting the driving block, so that the driving pressure block moves up and down, and the driving pressure block drives the translation.
  • the mechanism moves left and right. Since the translation mechanism is provided with a moving through hole, the positioning plate is provided on both sides of the fixing plate, and the positioning shaft is movably connected to the moving through hole, so that the translation mechanism drives the caries to move up and down.
  • the utility model comprises a connecting portion and a tooth portion, wherein the outer end of the tooth portion has a triangular cross-sectional area, the tooth portion cross section of the molar tooth directly relates to the depth of the mud, and the triangular shape of the cross-sectional area can increase the force of the molar tooth on the sludge.
  • Improve the digging ability of the steamed bread so that the molars can excavate a section of the notch at the bottom of the water, which is convenient for lifting the hard sludge when the mud is muddy, reducing the excavation resistance of the steamed bread, improving the digging ability of the steamed bread and Dredging efficiency, high dredging efficiency and low production cost;
  • the technical solution of the invention firstly blocks the relatively large impurities in the mud removing device to avoid clogging, and the barrier holes on the first baffle and the second baffle can pass the impurities allowed by the specification, and the large The debris refused. After the working time is long, the barrier hole will be gradually closed by the debris. At this time, the high-pressure air gun will carry out the high-pressure jet to clear the barrier hole, and then continue to work.
  • the anti-backflow rubber ring on the high-pressure air gun can prevent the liquid from being pressed against the high-pressure air gun. countercurrent.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an efficient suction dredger according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a hoe according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the inside of the movable cover of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the present invention when driving the caries.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the molars in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first high-pressure water spray device in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second high pressure water spray device of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of the impurity removing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the impurity removing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of the impurity removing device of the present invention.
  • the movable head cover 3 is provided with a movable cover, and the dirt inlet of the movable cover 8 is provided with a cleaning device 38.
  • the removing device 38 includes a first baffle 39 laterally disposed on the movable cover 8 and a plurality of second baffles 40 longitudinally disposed on the first baffle 39; the first baffle 39 and the second baffle 40 Each of the plurality of barrier holes 41 arranged in an array is disposed; the second baffle 40 and the first baffle 39 are disposed at an angle of 45° to 60°;
  • the cleaning device 38 is further provided with a cleaning device which is a high pressure air gun facing the first baffle 39 and the second baffle 40 of the decontamination device 38.
  • the high pressure air gun has a plurality of nozzles, and the nozzles are used in pairs.
  • a baffle 39 and each of the barrier holes 41 on the second baffle 40 are provided with a backflow prevention rubber ring at the air outlet of the high pressure air gun.
  • the propulsion mechanism 5 provides the hull 1 with good sailing performance, so that the hull 1 has self-propelled capability.
  • the suction mechanism 2 includes a hanger 21, a sliding device 22, and a suction pipe 23.
  • the hanger 21 is disposed on the hull 1, the suction pipe 23 communicates with the hammer 3, and the hanger 21 suspends the suction pipe 23 through the sliding device 22.
  • the hoe 3 performs the muddy action, and by the vacuum action of the mud pump, the hoe 3 and the suction pipe 23 absorb the mud from the bottom of the river and enter the mud hopper 4 in the hull 1 to suck and sail. Work to make the hull 1 self-loading.
  • the hull 1 sails to the mud dump to open the mud discharge on the dumping mechanism 6, and the excavated soil is discharged out of the ship, so that the hull 1 has the self-unloading capability.
  • the invention provides a tilting sensor 7 on the suction mechanism 2, the measuring range of the inclination sensor 7 is ⁇ 30°, the measuring precision is 0.01°, and the obtained signal output mode is a digital output or an analog output, and the working temperature is - 40 ° C ⁇ 85 ° C, impact resistance of 1000g.
  • the inclination sensor 7 measures the horizontal and vertical angles of the suction pipes 23 on both sides and the depth of the underwater water, the lateral inclination and longitudinal inclination of the ship, the horizontal displacement of the suction pipe 23, and the relative water absorption depth. Based on these data, the hull can be calculated. The draught depth of 1 and the position of the hoe 3 in the river.
  • the movable cover 8 is provided with a first driving device 9 .
  • the first driving device 9 includes a first pull rod 24 and a base 25 .
  • the first pull rod 24 is rotatably connected to the base 25 , and the base 25 is fixedly connected to the movable cover 8 .
  • the first pull rod 24 pulls the base 25, and the first pull rod 24 drives the movable cover 8 in conjunction with the data of the reclining sensor 7, adjusting the mud angle of the molars.
  • the movable cover 8 is provided with a driving pressure block 10, and the top of the driving pressure block 10 is provided with a second driving device 11, the second driving device 11 includes a second pulling rod 26 and a driving block 27, and the second pulling rod 26 controls the driving block 27 to move up and down.
  • An elastic returning device 28 is provided between the driving block 27 and the driving pressure block 10, and the elastic returning device 28 functions to elastically reset the driving block 27.
  • the second drive unit 11 drives the drive block 10 up and down.
  • the inside of the movable cover 8 is provided with a translation mechanism 12, and the driving pressure block 10 is longitudinally driven to drive the translation mechanism 12: the translation mechanism 12 is provided with a card slot 29, and the driving pressure block 10 is drivingly connected to the card slot 29 to realize the longitudinal driving of the driving pressure block 10.
  • the translation mechanism 12 is provided with a moving through hole 13 which is disposed obliquely upward.
  • the inside of the movable cover 8 is provided with a molar housing 14 which is disposed below the translation mechanism 12 and the translation mechanism 12 moves laterally on the molar housing 14.
  • the toothed casing 14 is provided with a connecting block 15 , and the inclined surface of the connecting block 15 is provided with a molar tooth 16 .
  • the design and selection of the molar tooth 16 are determined according to the soil quality of the water bottom, and the form and size of the molar tooth 16 are directly selected to directly relate to the dredging. Efficiency and production costs.
  • the molar tooth 16 includes a connecting portion 30 and a tooth portion 31.
  • the outer end of the tooth portion 31 has a triangular cross-sectional area, and the cross-section of the tooth portion 31 of the molar tooth 16 is directly related to the depth of the mud, and the triangular cross-sectional area can be increased.
  • the strength of the molars 16 on the sludge improves the digging ability of the hoe 3.
  • a fixing plate 17 is disposed on a top surface of the connecting block 15, and two sides of the fixing plate 17 are provided with a positioning shaft 18, and the positioning shaft 18 is movably connected to the moving through hole 13: when the positioning shaft 18 is at the bottom of the moving through hole 13, The effective length of the molars 16 is the longest; when the positioning shaft 18 is at the top of the moving through hole 13, the effective length of the molars 16 is minimized, and the continuous movement of the positioning shaft 18 causes the molars 16 to continuously move, so that the molars 16 can excavate a section of the notch at the bottom of the water to facilitate the picking up of the hard sludge when the tooth is 16.
  • a first high-pressure water spray device 19 is vertically disposed on the inner side of the movable cover 8.
  • the first high-pressure water spray device 19 is disposed on one side of the molars 16, and the first high-pressure water spray device 19 includes a water collecting device 32 and a first flushing device. 33 and the first nozzle 34, the water collecting device 32 supplies water to the first flushing device 33, the first flushing device 33 supplies power to the first nozzle 34, and the first nozzle 34 performs high-pressure water spraying on the bottom of the water, the first flushing water
  • a partition 35 is disposed between the devices 33. The length of the partition 35 is greater than the length of the first flushing device 33.
  • the partition 35 prevents the first nozzle 34 from interfering with each other when the water bottom is subjected to high-pressure water spray, and the partition 35 The setting can flush the water vertically onto the sludge and loosen the bottom clods.
  • the outer end of the movable cover 8 is inclined with a second high pressure water spray device 20, the second high pressure water spray device 20 includes a second flushing device 36 and a second nozzle 37, and the second flushing device 36 increases the power of the second nozzle 37.
  • the second nozzle 37 performs high-pressure water spray toward the molars 16, and the inclination angle a of the second high-pressure water spray device 20 from the horizontal plane is 30° to 50°, preferably 40°.
  • the first high-pressure water spray device and the second high-pressure water spray device cooperate with each other to increase the degree of looseness of the water-soil clods, and the most obvious effect is that the excavation depth is increased.
  • the invention measures the horizontal and vertical angles of the suction pipes 23 on both sides and the depth of the underwater water, the lateral inclination and the longitudinal inclination of the ship, the horizontal displacement of the suction pipe 23 and the relative water absorption depth by the inclination sensor 7, according to these data, Calculating the draught depth of the hull 1 and the position of the hoe 3 in the river channel, the first pull rod 24 on the first driving device 9 drives the movable hood 8 in combination with the data of the reclining sensor 7, adjusting the mud angle of the dent 16
  • the water is vertically flushed by the first high-pressure water spray device 19, and the partition plate 35 is disposed between the first flushing device 33 on the first high-pressure water spray device 19.
  • the length of the partition plate 35 is greater than that of the first flushing device 33.
  • the length of the partition plate 35 prevents the first nozzles 34 from interfering with each other when the water bottom is subjected to high-pressure water spray, and the partition plate 35 is arranged to vertically flush the water onto the sludge, loose the bottom water clods, and the second high-pressure spray.
  • the water device 20 is inclined to the bottom of the water, and the inclination angle a of the second high-pressure water spray device 20 and the horizontal plane is 30° to 50°, so that the first high-pressure water spray device 19 and the second high-pressure water spray device 20 cooperate with each other.
  • the second pull rod 26 controls the movement of the driving block 27, and between the driving block 27 and the driving pressure block 10, an elastic returning device 28 is provided, and the elastic returning device 28 functions to elastically reset the driving block 27, so that the driving The pressing block 10 moves up and down, and the driving pressure block 10 drives the translation mechanism 12 to move left and right. Since the translation mechanism 12 is provided with the moving through hole 13, the positioning plate 18 is disposed on both sides of the fixing plate 17, and the positioning shaft 18 is movably connected to the moving through hole. 13 , the translation mechanism 12 is driven to move the caries 16 up and down. For the design structure of the caries 16 , the connection portion 30 and the tooth portion 31 are included.
  • the outer end of the tooth portion 31 has a triangular cross-sectional area, and the teeth of the caries 16
  • the section of section 31 is directly related to the depth of the mud, and the triangular shape of the cross-sectional area can increase the strength of the molars to the sludge, increase the digging depth and the excavation width of the hoe 3, which is beneficial to the liquefaction and suspension of the sediment.
  • the tooth 16 can excavate a section of the notch at the bottom of the water to facilitate the lifting of the hard sludge when the dent 16 is muddy, reducing the excavation resistance of the hoe 3, improving the digging ability and dredging efficiency of the hoe 3, and having the digging High mud efficiency and production cost Effect.
  • the technical solution of the present invention firstly blocks the relatively large impurities in the mud removing device 38 to avoid clogging, and the barrier holes 41 on the first baffle 39 and the second baffle 40 can carry out impurities of a specification. Through the treatment, the large debris is rejected. After the working time is long, the barrier hole 41 will be gradually closed by the debris. At this time, the high-pressure air gun performs a high-pressure jet to clear the barrier hole 41, and then continues to work, and the anti-backflow rubber ring on the high-pressure air gun.
  • the liquid can be prevented from flowing back to the high pressure air gun, and the angle between the second baffle 40 and the first baffle 39 is more favorable for the flow of the sediment, further ensuring the smoothness of the sediment to prevent sedimentation, and after repeated tests, 45 ° to 60° works best.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，活动罩（8）的进泥口设有除杂装置（38），除杂装置（38）包括一横向设于活动罩（8）上的第一挡板（39）以及若干纵向均匀设于第一挡板（39）上的第二挡板（40）；第一挡板（39）和第二挡板（40）上均设有若干成阵列排列的阻隔孔（41）；第二挡板（40）与第一挡板（39）之间呈45°至60°夹角设置；该耙吸式挖泥船在吸泥时，除杂装置先将比较大的杂物阻挡，避免堵塞，第一挡板和第二挡板上的阻隔孔可以将规格允许的杂质进行通过处理，大的杂物拒绝，工作时间长了以后阻隔孔会逐渐被杂物封闭，这时候高压气枪对其进行高压喷气疏通阻隔孔，然后继续工作，高压气枪上的防逆流橡胶圈能够阻止液体对高压气枪逆流。

Description

一种高效耙吸式挖泥船 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，尤其是一种维修护理周期长的高效耙吸式挖泥船。
背景技术
自航高效耙吸式挖泥船是一种装备有耙头挖掘机具和水力吸泥装置的大型自航、装仓式挖泥船，其通过置于船体边舷的耙头联接着吸管与安装船舱泥浆泵，随着耙头往水下放，用耙头将泥浆吸进船舱，以边吸、边航行的方式工作。自航高效耙吸式挖泥船具体工作为：挖泥时，将耙吸管放下河底，利用泥浆泵的真空作用，通过耙头和吸泥管自河底吸收泥浆进入挖泥船的泥仓中，泥仓满后，起耙航行至抛泥区开启泥门卸泥，或直接将挖起的泥土排出船外。自航高效耙吸式挖泥船具有良好的航行性能，可以自航、自载、自卸，在工作中处于航行状态，不需要定位装置，而且利用耙头处理特殊的障碍物和垃圾。
对于一些河道来说，其杂物比较多，容易对耙头形成堵塞，从而需要短时间进行维护，直接影响到高效耙吸式挖泥船的生产效率和施工进度。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种维修护理周期长的高效耙吸式挖泥船，解决上述现有技术问题中的一个或者多个。
为解决上述问题，本发明的技术方案为：一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，包括船体、设于船体上的吸泥机构、设于吸泥机构上的耙头、设于船体中的泥仓、设于船体上的推进机构和设于船体上的卸泥机构，耙头上设有活动罩，其创新点在于：活动罩的进泥口设有除杂装置，除杂装置包括一横向设于活动罩上的第一挡板以及若干纵向均匀设于第一挡板上的第二挡板；第一挡板和第二挡板上均设有若干成阵列排列的阻隔孔；第二挡板与第一挡板之间呈45°至60°夹角设置；
除杂装置一侧还设有一清理装置，该清理装置为正对除杂装置的第一挡板和第二挡板的高压气枪，高压气枪具有若干喷嘴，所述喷嘴一一对用第一 挡板和第二挡板上的每一个阻隔孔，高压气枪出气口设有防逆流橡胶圈。
本发明的技术方案首先在吸泥时，除杂装置先将比较大的杂物阻挡，避免堵塞，第一挡板和第二挡板上的通孔可以将规格允许的杂质进行通过处理，大的杂物拒绝，工作时间长了以后通孔会逐渐被杂物封闭，这时候高压气枪对其进行高压喷气疏通通孔，然后继续工作，高压气枪上的防逆流橡胶圈能够阻止液体对高压气枪逆流，第二挡板与第一挡板之间的角度更有利于泥沙的流动，进一步的保证了泥沙的流畅防止泥沙阻塞，经过多次试验，45°至60°效果最佳。
在一些实施例中，吸泥机构上设有倾角传感器，耙头上设有活动罩，活动罩上设有第一驱动装置，第一驱动装置结合所述倾角传感器的数据驱动活动罩；活动罩上设有驱动压块，驱动压块的顶部设有第二驱动装置，活动罩的内部设有平移机构，驱动压块纵向驱动所述平移机构，平移机构上设有移动通孔，活动罩的内部设有耙齿外壳，耙齿外壳设于所述平移机构的下方，平移机构在所述耙齿外壳上横向移动，耙齿外壳中设有衔接块，衔接块的倾斜面上设有耙齿，衔接块的顶面上设有固定板，固定板的两侧设有定位轴，定位轴活动连接于所述移动通孔中；活动罩的内侧垂直设有第一高压喷水装置，第一高压喷水装置设于所述耙齿的一侧；活动罩的外端倾斜设有第二高压喷水装置，第二高压喷水装置朝向所述耙齿进行高压喷水，第二高压喷水装置与水平面的倾斜角为30°～50°。
在一些实施例中，吸泥机构包括吊架、滑动装置和吸泥管，吊架设于船体上，吸泥管与耙头连通。
在一些实施例中，第一驱动装置包括第一拉杆和基座，第一拉杆转动连接于所述基座上，基座固定连接于活动罩上。
在一些实施例中，第二驱动装置包括第二拉杆和驱动块，第二拉杆控制驱动块上下运动，驱动块与驱动压块之间设有弹性复位装置。
在一些实施例中，平移机构上设有卡槽，驱动压块驱动连接于卡槽中，实现驱动压块纵向驱动平移机构。
在一些实施例中，耙齿包括连接部和齿部，齿部的外端的横截面积呈三角形状。
在一些实施例中，第一高压喷水装置包括集水装置、第一冲水装置和第一喷嘴，第一喷嘴对水底进行高压喷水。
在一些实施例中，第一冲水装置之间设有隔板，隔板的长度大于第一冲水装置的长度。
在一些实施例中，第二高压喷水装置包括第二冲水装置和第二喷嘴，第 二喷嘴朝向耙齿进行高压喷水。
本发明的优点在于：本发明通过倾角传感器测量出两侧吸泥管的水平和垂直角度以及所在水下的深度、船舶横向倾斜和纵向倾斜、吸泥管的水平位移以及相对吸水深度，根据这些数据，可以计算出船体的吃水深度和耙头在河道中所处的位置，第一驱动装置上的第一拉杆结合倾角传感器的数据驱动活动罩，调整耙齿的耙泥角度，采用第一高压喷水装置对水底垂直高压冲水，第一高压喷水装置上的第一冲水装置之间设有隔板，隔板的长度大于第一冲水装置的长度，隔板可以防止第一喷嘴对水底进行高压喷水时相互之间干扰，而且隔板的设置可将水垂直冲落到污泥上，疏松水底土块，第二高压喷水装置对水底倾斜高压冲水，第二高压喷水装置与水平面的倾斜角为30°～50°，这样第一高压喷水装置和第二高压喷水装置相互配合对喷，加大对水底土块的疏松程度；同时第二拉杆控制驱动块运动，驱动块与驱动压块之间设有弹性复位装置，弹性复位装置起到对驱动块弹性复位的作用，使得驱动压块上下运动，驱动压块带动平移机构左右移动，由于平移机构上设有移动通孔，固定板的两侧设有定位轴，定位轴活动连接于移动通孔中，使得平移机构驱动耙齿上下运动，对于耙齿的设计结构，其包括连接部和齿部，齿部的外端的横截面积呈三角形状，耙齿的齿部截面直接关系到耙泥的深度，横截面积呈三角形状可以增加耙齿对污泥的力度，提高耙头的挖掘能力，这样耙齿可在水底开挖出一段槽口，方便耙齿耙泥时将质硬的污泥耙起，降低了耙头的挖掘阻力，提高耙头的挖掘能力和疏浚效率，具有挖泥效率高和生产成本低的效果；
本发明的技术方案首先在吸泥时，除杂装置先将比较大的杂物阻挡，避免堵塞，第一挡板和第二挡板上的阻隔孔可以将规格允许的杂质进行通过处理，大的杂物拒绝，工作时间长了以后阻隔孔会逐渐被杂物封闭，这时候高压气枪对其进行高压喷气疏通阻隔孔，然后继续工作，高压气枪上的防逆流橡胶圈能够阻止液体对高压气枪逆流。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种高效耙吸式挖泥船的结构示意图。
图2为本发明中耙头的结构示意图。
图3为本发明中活动罩内部的结构示意图。
图4为本发明驱动耙齿时的结构示意图。
图5为本发明中耙齿的结构示意图。
图6为本发明中第一高压喷水装置的结构示意图。
图7为本发明中第二高压喷水装置的结构示意图。
图8为本发明中除杂装置的主视图。
图9为本发明中除杂装置的侧视图。
图10为本发明中除杂装置的俯视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图，对本发明进行进一步详细的说明。
如图1至10所示的一种自航高效耙吸式挖泥船，包括船体1、设于船体1上的吸泥机构2、设于吸泥机构2上的耙头3、设于船体1中的泥仓4、设于船体1上的推进机构5和设于船体1上的卸泥机构6；耙头3上设有活动罩，活动罩8的进泥口设有除杂装置38，除杂装置38包括一横向设于活动罩8上的第一挡板39以及若干纵向均匀设于第一挡板39上的第二挡板40；第一挡板39和第二挡板40上均设有若干成阵列排列的阻隔孔41；第二挡板40与第一挡板39之间呈45°至60°夹角设置；
除杂装置38一侧还设有一清理装置，该清理装置为正对除杂装置38的第一挡板39和第二挡板40的高压气枪，高压气枪具有若干喷嘴，喷嘴一一对用第一挡板39和第二挡板40上的每一个阻隔孔41，高压气枪出气口设有防逆流橡胶圈。
推进机构5使船体1具有良好的航行性能，使得船体1具有自航能力。吸泥机构2包括吊架21、滑动装置22和吸泥管23，吊架21设于船体1上，吸泥管23与耙头3连通，吊架21通过滑动装置22将吸泥管23吊放到水底，耙头3进行耙泥作用，利用泥浆泵的真空作用，耙头3和吸泥管23自河底吸收泥浆进入船体1中的泥仓4中，以边吸、边航行的方式工作，使得船体1具有自载能力。泥仓4中污泥满后，船体1起耙航行至抛泥区开启卸泥机构6上的泥门卸泥，将挖起的泥土排出船外，使得船体1具有自卸能力。
对于一些河道来说，由于河水的浑浊，自航高效耙吸式挖泥船在操作时很难对河水下的耙头进行实物观察，无法了解耙头3在河道中所处的位置和挖泥的深度，针对这个情况。
本发明在吸泥机构2上设置倾角传感器7，倾角传感器7的测量范围为±30°，测量精度为0.01°，其所获得的信号输出方式为数字量输出或模拟量输出，工作温度为-40℃～85℃，抗冲击性为1000g。倾角传感器7测量出两侧吸泥管23的水平和垂直角度以及所在水下的深度、船舶横向倾斜和纵向倾斜、吸泥管23的水平位移以及相对吸水深度，根据这些数据，可以计算出船体1的吃水深度和耙头3在河道中所处的位置。
耙头3上设有活动罩8，活动罩8的长度一般在1000mm～1700mm之间，宽度一般在1300mm～2900mm之间，活动罩8的具体长度和宽度主要 根据吸泥管23的直径进行确定。活动罩8上设有第一驱动装置9，第一驱动装置9包括第一拉杆24和基座25，第一拉杆24转动连接于基座25上，基座25固定连接于活动罩8上，第一拉杆24拉动基座25，第一拉杆24结合倾角传感器7的数据驱动活动罩8，调整耙齿的耙泥角度。活动罩8上设有驱动压块10，驱动压块10的顶部设有第二驱动装置11，第二驱动装置11包括第二拉杆26和驱动块27，第二拉杆26控制驱动块27上下运动，驱动块27与驱动压块10之间设有弹性复位装置28，弹性复位装置28起到对驱动块27弹性复位的作用。第二驱动装置11对驱动压块10上下驱动作用。活动罩8的内部设有平移机构12，驱动压块10纵向驱动平移机构12：平移机构12上设有卡槽29，驱动压块10驱动连接于卡槽29中，实现驱动压块10纵向驱动平移机构12。平移机构12上设有移动通孔13，移动通孔13斜向上设置。活动罩8的内部设有耙齿外壳14，耙齿外壳14设于平移机构12的下方，平移机构12在耙齿外壳14上横向移动。耙齿外壳14中设有衔接块15，衔接块15的倾斜面上设有耙齿16，耙齿16的设计和选用根据水底土质决定，合理选用耙齿16的形式和尺寸直接关系挖泥的效率和生产成本的高低。耙齿16包括连接部30和齿部31，齿部31的外端的横截面积呈三角形状，耙齿16的齿部31的截面直接关系到耙泥的深度，横截面积呈三角形状可以增加耙齿16对污泥的力度，提高耙头3的挖掘能力。衔接块15的顶面上设有固定板17，固定板17的两侧设有定位轴18，定位轴18活动连接于移动通孔13中：当定位轴18处于移动通孔13的底部时，耙齿16伸出的有效长度最长；当定位轴18处于移动通孔13的顶部时，耙齿16缩进的有效长度最短，定位轴18的不断运动使得耙齿16不断运动，这样耙齿16可在水底开挖出一段槽口，方便耙齿16耙泥时将质硬的污泥耙起。活动罩8的内侧垂直设有第一高压喷水装置19，第一高压喷水装置19设于耙齿16的一侧，第一高压喷水装置19包括集水装置32、第一冲水装置33和第一喷嘴34，集水装置32为第一冲水装置33提供水，第一冲水装置33给第一喷嘴34提供动力，第一喷嘴34对水底进行高压喷水，第一冲水装置33之间设有隔板35，隔板35的长度大于第一冲水装置33的长度，隔板35可以防止第一喷嘴34对水底进行高压喷水时相互之间干扰，而且隔板35的设置可将水垂直冲落到污泥上，疏松水底土块。活动罩8的外端倾斜设有第二高压喷水装置20，第二高压喷水装置20包括第二冲水装置36和第二喷嘴37，第二冲水装置36给第二喷嘴37提高动力，第二喷嘴37朝向耙齿16进行高压喷水，第二高压喷水装置20与水平面的倾斜角a为30°～50°，优先选用40°。第一高压喷水装置和第二高压喷水装置相互配合对喷，加大对水底土块的疏松程度，最明显的效果就是挖掘深度增加。
本发明通过倾角传感器7测量出两侧吸泥管23的水平和垂直角度以及所在水下的深度、船舶横向倾斜和纵向倾斜、吸泥管23的水平位移以及相对吸水深度，根据这些数据，可以计算出船体1的吃水深度和耙头3在河道中所处的位置，第一驱动装置9上的第一拉杆24结合倾角传感器7的数据驱动活动罩8，调整耙齿16的耙泥角度，采用第一高压喷水装置19对水底垂直高压冲水，第一高压喷水装置19上的第一冲水装置33之间设有隔板35，隔板35的长度大于第一冲水装置33的长度，隔板35可以防止第一喷嘴34对水底进行高压喷水时相互之间干扰，而且隔板35的设置可将水垂直冲落到污泥上，疏松水底土块，第二高压喷水装置20对水底倾斜高压冲水，第二高压喷水装置20与水平面的倾斜角a为30°～50°，这样第一高压喷水装置19和第二高压喷水装置20相互配合对喷，加大对水底土块的疏松程度；同时第二拉杆26控制驱动块27运动，驱动块27与驱动压块10之间设有弹性复位装置28，弹性复位装置28起到对驱动块27弹性复位的作用，使得驱动压块10上下运动，驱动压块10带动平移机构12左右移动，由于平移机构12上设有移动通孔13，固定板17的两侧设有定位轴18，定位轴18活动连接于移动通孔13中，使得平移机构12驱动耙齿16上下运动，对于耙齿16的设计结构，其包括连接部30和齿部31，齿部31的外端的横截面积呈三角形状，耙齿16的齿部31截面直接关系到耙泥的深度，横截面积呈三角形状可以增加耙齿16对污泥的力度，增加耙头3的挖掘深度和挖掘宽度，有利于泥沙的液化和悬浮，这样耙齿16可在水底开挖出一段槽口，方便耙齿16耙泥时将质硬的污泥耙起，降低了耙头3的挖掘阻力，提高耙头3的挖掘能力和疏浚效率，具有挖泥效率高和生产成本低的效果。
本发明的技术方案首先在吸泥时，除杂装置38先将比较大的杂物阻挡，避免堵塞，第一挡板39和第二挡板40上的阻隔孔41可以将规格允许的杂质进行通过处理，大的杂物拒绝，工作时间长了以后阻隔孔41会逐渐被杂物封闭，这时候高压气枪对其进行高压喷气疏通阻隔孔41，然后继续工作，高压气枪上的防逆流橡胶圈能够阻止液体对高压气枪逆流，第二挡板40与第一挡板39之间的角度更有利于泥沙的流动，进一步的保证了泥沙的流畅防止泥沙阻塞，经过多次试验，45°至60°效果最佳。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选方式，应当指出，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干相似的变形和改进，这些也应视为本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，包括船体(1)、设于所述船体(1)上的吸泥机构(2)、设于所述吸泥机构(2)上的耙头(3)、设于所述船体(1)中的泥仓(4)、设于所述船体(1)上的推进机构(5)和设于所述船体(1)上的卸泥机构(6)，所述耙头(3)上设有活动罩(8)，其特征在于：所述活动罩(8)的进泥口设有除杂装置(38)，所述除杂装置(38)包括一横向设于活动罩(8)上的第一挡板(39)以及若干纵向均匀设于第一挡板(39)上的第二挡板(40)；所述第一挡板(39)和第二挡板(40)上均设有若干成阵列排列的阻隔孔(41)，所述第二挡板(40)与第一挡板(39)之间呈45°至60°夹角设置；
    所述除杂装置(38)一侧还设有一清理装置，该清理装置为正对除杂装置(38)的第一挡板(39)和第二挡板(40)的高压气枪，所述高压气枪具有若干喷嘴，所述喷嘴一一对用第一挡板(39)和第二挡板(40)上的每一个阻隔孔(41)，所述高压气枪出气口设有防逆流橡胶圈。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述吸泥机构(2)上设有倾角传感器(7)，所述耙头(3)上设有活动罩(8)，所述活动罩(8)上设有第一驱动装置(9)，所述第一驱动装置(9)结合所述倾角传感器(7)的数据驱动所述活动罩(8)；所述活动罩(8)上设有驱动压块(10)，所述驱动压块(10)的顶部设有第二驱动装置(11)，所述活动罩(8)的内部设有平移机构，所述驱动压块(10)纵向驱动所述平移机构(12)，所述平移机构上设有移动通孔(13)，所述活动罩(8)的内部设有耙齿(16)外壳(14)，所述耙齿(16)外壳(14)设于所述平移机构的下方，所述平移机构在所述耙齿(16)外壳(14)上横向移动，所述耙齿(16)外壳(14)中设有衔接块(15)，所述衔接块(15)的倾斜面上设有耙齿(16)，所述衔接块(15)的顶面上设有固定板(17)，所述固定板(17)的两侧设有定位轴(18)，所述定位轴(18)活动连接于所述移动通孔(13)中；所述活动罩(8)的内侧垂直设有第一高压喷水装置(19)，所述第一高压喷水装置(19)设于所述耙齿(16)的一侧；所述活动罩(8)的外端倾斜设有第二高压喷水装置(20)，所述第二高压喷水装置(20)朝向所述耙齿(16)进行高压喷水，所述第二高压喷水装置(20)与水平面的倾斜角为30°～50°。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述吸 泥机构(2)包括吊架(21)、滑动装置(22)和吸泥管(23)，所述吊架(21)设于所述船体(1)上，所述吸泥管(23)与所述耙头(3)连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述第一驱动装置(9)包括第一拉杆(24)和基座(25)，所述第一拉杆(24)转动连接于所述基座(25)上，所述基座(25)固定连接于所述活动罩(8)上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述第二驱动装置(11)包括第二拉杆(26)和驱动块(27)，所述第二拉杆(26)控制所述驱动块(27)上下运动，所述驱动块(27)与所述驱动压块(10)之间设有弹性复位装置(28)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述平移机构上设有卡槽(29)，所述驱动压块(10)驱动连接于所述卡槽(29)中，实现所述驱动压块(10)纵向驱动所述平移机构(12)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述耙齿(16)包括连接部(30)和连接部(31)，所述连接部(31)的外端的横截面积呈三角形状。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述第一高压喷水装置(19)包括集水装置(32)、第一冲水装置(33)和第一喷嘴(34)，所述第一喷嘴(34)对水底进行高压喷水。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述第一冲水装置(33)之间设有隔板(35)，所述隔板(35)的长度大于所述第一冲水装置(33)的长度。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高效耙吸式挖泥船，其特征在于：所述第二高压喷水装置(20)包括第二冲水装置(36)和第二喷嘴(37)，所述第二喷嘴(37)朝向所述耙齿(16)进行高压喷水。
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CN109898587B (zh) * 2019-03-11 2021-07-13 黎明职业大学 一种挖泥船

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