WO2019010876A1 - 一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统 - Google Patents

一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统 Download PDF

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WO2019010876A1
WO2019010876A1 PCT/CN2017/109458 CN2017109458W WO2019010876A1 WO 2019010876 A1 WO2019010876 A1 WO 2019010876A1 CN 2017109458 W CN2017109458 W CN 2017109458W WO 2019010876 A1 WO2019010876 A1 WO 2019010876A1
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siphon
drainage
pool
diverting
self
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PCT/CN2017/109458
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙红月
范雲鹤
尚岳全
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浙江大学
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E02B1/003—Mechanically induced gas or liquid streams in seas, lakes or water-courses for forming weirs or breakwaters; making or keeping water surfaces free from ice, aerating or circulating water, e.g. screens of air-bubbles against sludge formation or salt water entry, pump-assisted water circulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow

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  • the invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular relates to a structure or system for preventing channel erosion in a loess area.
  • loess In China's Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Henan and other provinces, loess is widely distributed, with low vegetation coverage, loose soil and strong water sensitivity. Affected by the monsoon climate, the precipitation in the loess area is concentrated, and most of them are heavy rains. Under the action of runoff, channel erosion is easy to occur, soil erosion occurs, causing regional terrain fragmentation, gully vertical and horizontal, production conditions and ecological environment deteriorate, and the ecological security situation is severe, which becomes a constraint. A major strategic issue for the sustainable development of society and economy in the loess region. Gully erosion is formed by the combination of water flow force and self-gravity.
  • gully erosion is divided into different stages such as rill erosion, shallow trench erosion and channel erosion.
  • the loess channel and branch ditch often have the characteristics of large terrain slope, narrow groove width direction and limited catchment area.
  • the traditional silt dam has low efficiency and poor economic benefit in the middle and upper reaches of the channel and branch ditch. It is of great practical significance to study the light dispersive silt technology and change the concentrated accumulation in front of the dam to intercept the sediment to realize the economic interception of the sediment in the basin and the efficient use of water resources.
  • the invention aims at the problem of channel erosion in the loess area, and proposes a self-sludged soft dam system different from the traditional design concept, adopts a channel permeable sedimentation system to realize water-sand separation, and discharges the separated water flow to the downstream safe area by siphoning, sediment Then, the self-silting soft dam is formed by repeated scouring and silting in the channel of the water-sand diversion section, thereby changing the channel gradient and reducing channel erosion and soil erosion.
  • the technical scheme of the invention is: a self-silting soft dam system for preventing channel erosion in a loess area, including a permeable sedimentation system and a siphon drainage system.
  • the permeable and silting system includes a plastic blind ditch and a geotextile.
  • the trench is excavated at the bottom of the trench of the trench, and a plurality of plastic blind trenches are placed in the trench.
  • the plastic blind ditch is rectangular in cross section, and the plastic blind ditch is wrapped with geotextile.
  • the sedimentary water in the channel flows through the permeable sedimentation system and the water and sediment are separated.
  • the sediment is repeatedly scoured and silted on the bottom slope of the channel to form a self-sluicing soft dam;
  • the siphon drainage system includes a diversion tank, a cover plate, a drainage siphon, and a plastic blind ditch.
  • the water outlet is connected with the diverting pool, the top of the diverting pool is provided with a cover plate, and the side wall of the diverting pool is provided with an opening, the height of the opening is more than 30 cm above the top of the diverting pool, and the diameter of the opening is the same as the diameter of the drainage siphon , the water inlet of the drainage siphon extends into the diversion tank, and the water of the drainage siphon
  • the mouth is placed in the downstream safe area after passing through the opening of the side wall of the splitter.
  • the depth of the diverting pool is 2m to 4m, and the length and width of the diverting pool are 0.8m to 1m.
  • the siphon drainage system has one or more drainage siphons and a diameter of 200 to 500 mm.
  • the runoff washes the slope and then enters the channel, which accumulates into a sandy water flow.
  • the sandy water flows through the permeable and silt system of the self-sluicing soft dam system, the water flows into the plastic blind ditch through the geotextile. After the water flows through the plastic blind ditch, it enters the diverting pool.
  • the water level in the diverting pool is higher than the opening of the side wall of the diverting pool, the drainage process occurs, the siphon action starts, and the drainage siphon drains the water in the diverting pool to the downstream safe area, due to the siphon
  • the sediment in the diversion tank will be sucked out by the drainage siphon, and no sedimentation will occur in the diversion tank.
  • the sediment is deposited on the bottom slope of the channel, and the effects of rainfall and runoff occur repeatedly.
  • the sediment is repeatedly washed and accumulated in the channel of the water-sand diversion section to form a gentle self-sluicing soft dam.
  • the permeability of the permeable sedimentation system gradually decreases, and the sandy water flow will more than the self-sluicing soft dam formed earlier, so that the width of the softened dam gradually increases.
  • the topographic conditions of the channel are changed, the slope of the channel is slowed down, the flow velocity of the water flow is reduced, the erosion and erosion of the channel are reduced, and soil erosion is avoided.
  • the water and sediment separation is realized by the combination of the permeable sedimentation system and the siphon drainage technology.
  • the water is transported to the downstream safe area, and the sediment is deposited on the bottom slope of the channel to form a soft dam.
  • the sediment is not only maintained but also fully use.
  • the siphon drainage has the effect of dredging, which can remove the sediment entering the diversion tank, so as to avoid the clogging, which causes the diversion pool to lose the water collecting effect, and can ensure the effective work of the system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1 of the present invention.
  • a self-silting soft dam system for controlling channel erosion in a loess area includes a permeable silting system and a siphon drainage system, and the permeable silting system comprises a plastic blind ditch 31 and a geotextile 32.
  • the groove 33 is excavated at the bottom of the groove of the trench 2, and the plastic blind ditch 31 is placed in the groove 33.
  • the plastic blind ditch 31 is wrapped with the geotextile 32, and the flow of the sandy water in the channel 2 is 1 flow.
  • the siphon drainage system includes a diversion tank 51, a cover 52, a drainage siphon 53, and a plastic blind ditch 31.
  • the nozzle is connected to the diversion tank 51.
  • the four walls and the bottom surface of the diversion tank 51 are lined with concrete, the thickness is 30 cm, the depth of the diversion tank 51 is 3 m, the length and width of the diversion tank 51 are both 1 m, and the top of the diversion tank 51 is covered.
  • the plate 52, the side wall of the diverting pool 51 is provided with an opening, the height of the opening is lower than the top 30 cm of the diverting pool 51, the diameter of the opening is the same as the diameter of the drainage siphon 53, and the tube of the drainage siphon 53 in the siphon drainage system
  • the diameter of the drain pipe is 53 mm, and the water inlet of the drain siphon 53 extends into the splitter tank 51.
  • the water outlet of the drain siphon 53 passes through the opening of the side wall of the splitter tank 51 and is placed in the downstream safe area.
  • the self-silting soft dam system for preventing and controlling channel erosion in the loess area can be arranged in a plurality of trenches with different elevations in the channel, and is distributed in a stepwise manner. The number of the steps depends on the length of the channel, the slope rate, the rainfall, etc. The factors are determined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统，包括透水淤积系统、虹吸排水系统，透水淤积系统包括塑料盲沟(31)、土工布(32)；虹吸排水系统包括分流池(51)、盖板(52)、排水虹吸管(53)，塑料盲沟(31)的出水口与分流池(51)连通，分流池(51)的顶部设有盖板(52)，分流池(51)的侧壁设有开孔，排水虹吸管(53)的进水口伸入分流池(51)，排水虹吸管(53)的出水口穿过分流池(51)侧壁的开孔后放置在下游安全区域。

Description

一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统 技术领域
本发明属于水利工程领域，尤其涉及一种防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的结构或系统。
背景技术
在我国的山西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、内蒙古、河南等省份广泛分布黄土，植被覆盖率低，土质较疏松，具有强烈的水敏性。受季风气候影响，黄土地区降水集中，而且多为暴雨，在径流作用下容易产生沟道侵蚀，发生水土流失，造成区域地形破碎、沟壑纵横，生产条件和生态环境恶化，生态安全形势严峻，成为制约黄土地区社会与经济可持续发展的重大战略问题。沟蚀是在水流动力和自身重力联合作用下形成的，沟蚀根据发生的形态和演变过程，分为细沟侵蚀、浅沟侵蚀、沟道侵蚀等不同阶段。黄土沟道和支沟往往具有地形坡降大、沟宽方向狭窄、汇水面积有限等特点，传统淤地坝在中上游沟道和支沟拦沙淤地效率低，经济效益差的问题，研究轻型分散性拦淤技术，改变拦截泥沙的坝前集中堆积为沟道分布式堆积，实现流域内泥沙的经济拦截和水资源的高效利用，具有重大的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明针对黄土地区沟道侵蚀的问题，提出不同于传统设计理念的自淤软坝系统，采用沟道透水淤积系统实现水沙分离，通过虹吸作用将分离的水流排泄到下游安全区域，泥沙则在水沙分流区段沟道中反复冲刷淤积作用下形成自淤软坝，以此改变沟道坡率，减缓沟道侵蚀和水土流失。
本发明的技术方案为：一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统，包括透水淤积系统、虹吸排水系统。透水淤积系统包括塑料盲沟、土工布，在沟道的沟底开挖沟槽，在沟槽里放置多个塑料盲沟，塑料盲沟的横截面为矩形，塑料盲沟外包裹土工布，沟道中的含沙水流流经透水淤积系统后水沙分离，泥沙在沟道的底坡反复冲淤形成自淤软坝；虹吸排水系统包括分流池、盖板、排水虹吸管，塑料盲沟的出水口与分流池连通，分流池的顶部设有盖板，分流池的侧壁设有开孔，开孔的高度低于分流池的顶部30cm以上，开孔的直径与排水虹吸管的管径相同，排水虹吸管的进水口伸入到分流池中，排水虹吸管的出水 口穿过分流池侧壁的开孔后放置在下游安全区域。
进一步地，所述的分流池的深度为2m～4m，分流池的长和宽为0.8m～1m。
进一步地，所述的虹吸排水系统中的排水虹吸管为1根或多根，管径为200～500mm。
发生强降雨时，径流冲刷坡面后进入沟道，在沟道里汇集成含沙水流，当含沙水流流经自淤软坝系统的透水淤积系统时，水透过土工布流入塑料盲沟，水流经塑料盲沟后进入分流池，当分流池中的水位高过分流池侧壁的开孔，排水过程发生，虹吸作用启动，排水虹吸管将分流池中的水排泄到下游安全区域，由于虹吸作用，分流池内的泥沙会被排水虹吸管吸出，分流池不会发生泥沙淤积。沟道里的水沙分离后泥沙淤积在沟道的底坡，降雨和径流作用反复发生，泥沙在水沙分流区段的沟道中反复冲刷淤积而形成宽缓的自淤软坝。随着自淤软坝高度增加，透水淤积系统的渗透性逐渐降低，含沙水流会更多地越过先期形成的自淤软坝，使自淤软坝的宽度逐渐增大。自淤软坝形成后改变沟道的地形条件，减缓沟道的坡率，降低水流的流速，减小对沟道的侵蚀和冲刷，避免了水土流失。
如下结合本发明的内容解释本发明的优点：
1.利用透水淤积系统与虹吸排水技术相结合的方式实现水沙分离，水被输送至下游安全区域，泥沙淤积在沟道底坡形成自淤软坝，泥沙不仅得到了保持而且被充分利用。
2.利用梯级式分布的自淤软坝改变沟道的地形条件，减缓沟道的坡率，降低水流的流速，减小对沟道的侵蚀和冲刷，同时避免水土流失。自淤过程免动力发生，节省大量人力物力。
3.虹吸排水具有清淤作用，可清除进入分流池中的泥沙，以免发生淤堵导致分流池丧失集水效果，可以保证系统的有效工作。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明图1中A-A断面的剖面图；
图中：含沙水流1、沟道2、塑料盲沟31、土工布32、沟槽33、自淤软坝4、分流池51、盖板52、排水虹吸管53。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应该理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的 内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统，包括透水淤积系统、虹吸排水系统，透水淤积系统包括塑料盲沟31、土工布32。如图2所示，在沟道2的沟底开挖沟槽33，在沟槽33里放置塑料盲沟31，塑料盲沟31外包裹土工布32，沟道2中的含沙水流1流经透水淤积系统后水沙分离，泥沙在沟道2的底坡反复冲淤形成自淤软坝4；虹吸排水系统包括分流池51、盖板52、排水虹吸管53，塑料盲沟31的出水口与分流池51连通，分流池51的四壁和底面用混凝土衬砌，厚度为30cm，分流池51的深度为3m，分流池51的长和宽均为1m，分流池51的顶部设有盖板52，分流池51的侧壁设有开孔，开孔的高度低于分流池51的顶部30cm，开孔的直径与排水虹吸管53的管径相同，虹吸排水系统中的排水虹吸管53的管径为300mm，排水虹吸管53的进水口伸入到分流池51中，排水虹吸管53的出水口穿过分流池51侧壁的开孔后放置在下游安全区域。本发明用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统，可以在沟道不同高程的沟段设置多个，呈梯级式分布，梯级的数量根据沟道的长度、坡率、降雨量等因素确定。
以上所述的仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的范围之内，所做的任何修改、等效替换等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统，包括透水淤积系统、虹吸排水系统；透水淤积系统包括塑料盲沟、土工布，在沟道的沟底开挖沟槽，在沟槽里放置多个塑料盲沟，塑料盲沟的横截面为矩形，塑料盲沟外包裹土工布，沟道中的含沙水流流经透水淤积系统后水沙分离，泥沙在沟道的底坡反复冲淤形成自淤软坝；虹吸排水系统包括分流池、盖板、排水虹吸管，塑料盲沟的出水口与分流池连通，分流池的顶部设有盖板，分流池的侧壁设有开孔，开孔的高度低于分流池的顶部30cm以上，开孔的直径与排水虹吸管的管径相同，排水虹吸管的进水口伸入到分流池中，排水虹吸管的出水口穿过分流池侧壁的开孔后放置在下游安全区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统，其特征在于，所述的分流池的深度为2m～4m，分流池的长和宽为0.8m～1m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统，其特征在于，所述的虹吸排水系统中的排水虹吸管为1根或多根，管径为200～500mm。
PCT/CN2017/109458 2017-07-14 2017-11-06 一种用于防治黄土地区沟道侵蚀的自淤软坝系统 WO2019010876A1 (zh)

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