WO2019007586A1 - Method for operating a vehicle, and vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating a vehicle, and vehicle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019007586A1
WO2019007586A1 PCT/EP2018/063779 EP2018063779W WO2019007586A1 WO 2019007586 A1 WO2019007586 A1 WO 2019007586A1 EP 2018063779 W EP2018063779 W EP 2018063779W WO 2019007586 A1 WO2019007586 A1 WO 2019007586A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
overhead line
storage device
during
energy storage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/063779
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Simone Müller-Hellwig
Roland Heigl
Hagen SEIFERT
Original Assignee
Audi Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi Ag filed Critical Audi Ag
Publication of WO2019007586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019007586A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/32—Constructional details of charging stations by charging in short intervals along the itinerary, e.g. during short stops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C37/00—Convertible aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00—Type of UAV
    • B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
    • B64U10/13—Flying platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/19—Propulsion using electrically powered motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/30—Supply or distribution of electrical power
    • B64U50/34—In-flight charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/10—Air crafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2211/00—Modular constructions of airplanes or helicopters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00—Type of UAV
    • B64U10/70—Convertible aircraft, e.g. convertible into land vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a vehicle and to a vehicle according to the preambles of the independent patent claims.
  • a method and a system for transmitting electrical energy from a power line to an unmanned flying object are known from US 2017/0015414 A1.
  • the flying object is connected to the power line via an interface to wirelessly receive electrical energy from the power line.
  • a battery of the flying object can be loaded.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a vehicle and a vehicle, by means of which a particularly fast transport of passengers or cargo can be done. This object is achieved by a method for operating a vehicle and by a vehicle having the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims and in the following description.
  • the vehicle is decoupled during a movement phase of the overhead line and supplied with energy from the energy storage device becomes.
  • the vehicle transporting the user or other load is moved along the overhead line during the flight phase and is supplied with energy via the overhead line and is supplied with energy from the energy storage device during the movement phase after decoupling from the overhead line.
  • the vehicle is approached along the overhead line to a destination of the transport.
  • the vehicle or the energy storage device is sufficiently supplied with energy, then the vehicle is decoupled from the overhead line and moves by means of energy from the energy storage device in the movement phase on to the destination of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle carries out the flight phase along the overhead line only when the energy demand of the vehicle is corresponding or when the energy storage device falls below a limit value of a charging state.
  • the vehicle can thereby be operated continuously and the user or other cargo can continue to be moved to its destination during a charging of the vehicle or the energy storage device of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle is coupled during the flight phase with a flight drive and is coupled during the movement phase with a driving module or with a swimming module.
  • the vehicle is coupled with the aircraft drive, so that the vehicle flies along the overhead line during the flight phase.
  • the vehicle can travel by means of the driving module on a ground and / or swim by means of the swimming module on a body of water.
  • different destinations for the user are particularly easy to reach.
  • the user can stay in the vehicle, in particular in a body formed as a passenger compartment, and move together with the vehicle to air, to water and / or to land. There is thus advantageously no need for the user to change from the vehicle to another means of transport.
  • the aircraft is coupled to the aircraft drive during the movement phase.
  • the aircraft can fly by means of the aircraft engine.
  • the aircraft can move particularly advantageous during the movement phase to air.
  • different destinations can thus be reached particularly comfortably by the user.
  • the user can remain in the aircraft, in particular in a body designed as a passenger compartment, and move along with the aircraft to air. There is thus advantageously no need for the user to change from the aircraft to another means of transport.
  • the vehicle performs the movement phase spaced from the catenary. This means that the vehicle is moved during the flight phase along the overhead line and moves after its decoupling in the movement phase spaced from the overhead line.
  • the overhead line with other overhead lines traffic main lines for traffic guidance of the vehicle. By means of these traffic main lines, the vehicle can be moved during the charging process to a vicinity of the destination of the user. If the vehicle has been moved along the overhead line close enough to the destination so that the state of charge of the energy storage unit is sufficient to move the vehicle to the destination during the movement phase, the vehicle is decoupled from the overhead line and moves with energy during the movement phase from the energy storage unit to the destination of the user.
  • energy jumping also referred to as energy hopping
  • long-distance mobility can be achieved by means of a catenary network of several higher overhead lines.
  • the vehicle moves in a first flight phase along a first overhead line, moves during the movement phase of the first overhead line decoupled with energy from the energy storage device away from the first overhead line and to a second overhead line.
  • the vehicle is coupled to the second overhead line and moves in a second phase of flight along the second overhead line. This process can be repeated as often as required so that the vehicle can travel long distances to transport the user long distances to its destination.
  • This has the advantage that a range of the vehicle is particularly high and the user can reach very many different destinations by means of the vehicle.
  • information is exchanged between the vehicle and the overhead line during the flight phase.
  • the overhead line is able to forward the information which can be forwarded by the coupling device to a computing device of the vehicle.
  • the information may be, for example, information relevant to vehicle movement, such as weather information.
  • the vehicle can thus carry out its movement planning as a function of the information.
  • the computing device uses the information to create a movement route of the vehicle to the destination or changes the route of travel to the destination as a function of the information.
  • the vehicle carries out the flight phase and / or the movement phase autonomously.
  • the computing device of the vehicle carries out the movement planning and moves the vehicle autonomously in the flight phase and / or in the movement phase in accordance with the movement route determined during the movement planning.
  • the user can consequently transmit the destination to the vehicle when starting the vehicle and is then transported in a particularly comfortable manner from the vehicle to the destination.
  • the vehicle determines the state of charge of the energy storage device during the movement phase and falls below a Grenzlade- state of the energy storage device, the overhead line for carrying out the charging of the energy storage device with energy via the overhead line controls.
  • the state of charge of the energy storage device is monitored, for example, by means of the computing device of the vehicle, and the computing device incorporates the state of charge of the energy storage device into the movement planning. This can advantageously ensure that the vehicle is supplied with sufficient energy at all times.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle which is movable during a flight phase along a catenary.
  • the vehicle is configured to be coupled to an aircraft propulsion during the flight phase.
  • the vehicle comprises a coupling device, by means of which the vehicle can be coupled to the overhead line.
  • the vehicle comprises an energy storage device which can be supplied with energy via the overhead line.
  • the invention provides that the vehicle can be decoupled from the overhead line during a movement phase and can be supplied with energy from the energy storage device.
  • the vehicle is set up to be coupled during a movement phase with a driving module and / or with a swimming module.
  • the invention also includes further developments of the vehicle according to the invention, which have features as they have already been described in connection with the developments of the method according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding developments of the vehicle according to the invention are not described again here.
  • the aircraft drive is provided, which is drivable with energy from the overhead line and the energy storage device and by means of which the vehicle can fly.
  • the vehicle can fly along the overhead line during the flight phase and fly away from the overhead line during the movement phase.
  • the vehicle can advantageously during charging of the energy storage device along the overhead line be guided and to move along the overhead line to a destination desired by a user of the vehicle.
  • the user can advantageously fly the entire route to the destination and cover this particularly fast.
  • the driving module and / or the floating module is provided, which is each driven by energy from the energy storage device.
  • the vehicle comprises the driving module and / or the swimming module at least temporarily and that the vehicle is movable during the movement phase by means of the driving module and / or the swimming module. Since the driving module and the floating module can each be driven by energy from the energy storage device, the respective movement of the vehicle can be carried out by means of the driving module and / or the swimming module at a distance from the overhead line.
  • the vehicle comprises a base body, which can be coupled to the aircraft drive and / or the travel module and / or the swimming module.
  • the vehicle can thus travel by means of the driving module on a ground or by means of the swimming module on a body of water floating in the movement phase spaced from the overhead line move.
  • the vehicle is preferably designed to carry out a method as has already been described in connection with the method according to the invention.
  • the invention also includes developments of the method according to the invention, which have features as they have already been described in connection with the developments of the motor vehicle according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding developments of the method according to the invention are not described again here.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a coupling process of a vehicle with a catenary
  • 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the vehicle in a flight phase, wherein the vehicle moves along a catenary
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the vehicle, wherein a drive unit and a driving module are decoupled from a main body of the vehicle.
  • the described components of the embodiments each represent individual features of the invention, which are to be considered independently of one another, which each further develop the invention independently of one another and thus also individually or in a different combination than the one shown as part of the invention. Furthermore, the described embodiments can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a coupling operation of a vehicle 1, in particular an aircraft, shown with a catenary 2.
  • the vehicle 1 is movable during a flight phase 6 along the overhead line 2.
  • an energy storage device 4 of the vehicle 1 can be supplied with energy via the overhead line 2 by means of a coupling device 3.
  • the coupling device 3 comprises at least one coupling element 5 which can be coupled to the overhead line 2 and via which energy can be transmitted from the overhead line 2 to the vehicle 1 by means of induction in the present case.
  • the vehicle 1 is a means of transport for a user by means of which the user can be transported to a destination.
  • the vehicle 1 is decoupled from the overhead line 2 during a movement phase 7 and supplied with energy from the energy storage device 4.
  • the vehicle 1 in the present case is moved by means of energy from the energy storage device 4 to the destination.
  • the movement phase 7 takes place at a distance from the overhead line 2. If a state of charge of the energy falls below The storage device 4, a defined limit, so the vehicle 1, as shown in Fig. 1, during the movement phase 7 to move to the overhead line 2, by means of the coupling device 3 with the overhead line 2 and perform the flight phase 6.
  • the vehicle 1 is shown in a schematic perspective view during the flight phase 6, wherein the coupling device 3 in the shown in Fig. 2, alternative embodiment of the vehicle 1 has two coupling elements 5, each with one of two single strands 8 of the overhead line 2 are coupled.
  • the vehicle 1 is shown in a perspective view.
  • the vehicle 1 comprises a main body 9, a decoupled driving module 10 and a decoupled aircraft propulsion system 1 1.
  • the base body 9 can be coupled to the aircraft drive 1 1 and / or with the driving module 10 to perform the movement phase 7.
  • the at least one coupling element 5, which may be a current collector or a data collector, may vary in its construction and in its position relative to the base body 9.
  • a shape, construction and design of the vehicle 1 is variable.
  • the vehicle 1 described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3 is based on the recognition that drones, by which an unmanned aerial vehicle is to be understood, are currently used primarily in air traffic for aerial photography.
  • research and development is increasingly being conducted in the area of passenger air traffic.
  • multicopters which are equipped with seats for users and control units and can fly. These multicopters can be manually controlled by a user or move autonomously.
  • mobility of individual users will be increased in the future and traffic, especially in urban areas, will be extended from roads to airspace. As a result, traffic on the roads can be relieved.
  • the vehicle 1 can then approach one of the predefined corridors and connect to the overhead line 2 by means of the coupling device 3.
  • the coupling device 3 comprises a cable 12 and the coupling element 5, which in the present case is a pickup.
  • the vehicle 1 is loaded by means of overhead contact line 2 by physical contact or induction, and moves along the overhead line 2 through the predetermined corridor towards the desired destination.
  • the overhead line 2 current flows, by means of which the vehicle 1 is chargeable.
  • data and / or information can be transmitted via the overhead line 2.
  • the connection of the vehicle 1 is separated with the catenary 2, that is, the vehicle 1 is decoupled from the overhead line 2.
  • the vehicle 1 can fly in the movement phase 7 directly to the destination of the user.
  • the defined maximum distance is set such that sufficient energy is present in the energy storage device 4 to ensure movement of the vehicle 1 from the overhead line 2 to the destination and from the user's destination to a nearest corridor for recharging the energy storage device 4 ,
  • a movement of short-distance traffic would be shifted by the vehicle 1 in a third dimension, whereby new business areas can be opened.
  • the shortest route that is, as the crow flies, can be selected.
  • a travel time of the vehicle 1 to the destination especially during the movement phase 7 does not depend on a traffic volume. With appropriate modules, the vehicle 1 can move on land and in the water. This means that it is not necessary for the user to change and connect different modes of transport.
  • the vehicle 1 enables particularly long ranges and individual premium mobility for the user without time restrictions and comfort restrictions.
  • the overhead line 2 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 comprises two single strands 5.
  • the at least one coupling element 5 of the vehicle 1 in the present case consists of an electrically conductive material, whereby the current in the embodiment of the vehicle 1 illustrated in FIG. 2 is a single strand 5 can flow to the other single strand 5 of the upper line 2.
  • power is passed to the energy storage device 4 of the vehicle 1 and the energy storage device 4 charged thereby.
  • the energy storage device 4 can be charged inductively.
  • the aircraft propulsion system 1 which in this case includes rotors, be decoupled.
  • the base body 9, which in the present case is a passenger compartment can subsequently be placed on the driving module 10 and / or a floating module in order to move in a manner analogous to an automobile or a watercraft.
  • the examples show how, by the invention, a manned drone, in the present case the vehicle 1, can be partially guided and loaded in air traffic by power lines, in the present case the overhead line 2 and a change of a mode of transport can be carried out while maintaining the passenger compartment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to enable a user to have a particularly comfortable journey. To this end, the invention relates to a method for operating an aircraft (1), in which the aircraft (1) moves along an overhead line (2) during a flying phase (6) and an energy storage device (4) of the aircraft (1) is supplied with energy from the overhead line (2) by means of a coupling device (3). During a movement phase (7), the aircraft (1) is uncoupled from the overhead line (2) and supplied with energy from the energy storage device (4). The invention further relates to an aircraft (1).

Description

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs sowie Fahrzeug  Method for operating a vehicle and vehicle
BESCHREIBUNG: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs sowie ein Fahrzeug gemäß der Oberbegriffe der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. DESCRIPTION: The invention relates to a method for operating a vehicle and to a vehicle according to the preambles of the independent patent claims.
Aus der DE 697 16 964 T2 ist ein computergesteuertes Transportsystem mit derartigen kabelgeführten Luftfahrzeugen bekannt. Beim Betreiben wenigs- tens eines der Luftfahrzeuge wird dieses während einer Flugphase entlang einer Oberleitung bewegt und hierbei eine Energiespeichereinrichtung des Luftfahrzeugs mittels einer Kopplungseinrichtung über die Oberleitung mit Energie versorgt. Darüber hinaus ist aus der US 7714536 B1 ein Verfahren zum elektrischen Laden einer Batterie einer unbemannten Drohne bekannt. Hierbei wird die Batterie während einer Kopplung der Drohne mittels einer elektrischen Oberleitung geladen. Aus der US 7318564 B1 ist ein System zum elektrischen Laden eines Energiespeichers einer Drohne bekannt. Die Drohne ist unbemannt und wird induktiv mittels Kopplung mit einer elektrischen Oberleitung geladen. From DE 697 16 964 T2 a computer-controlled transport system with such cable-guided aircraft is known. When at least one of the aircraft is operated, it is moved along a catenary during a flight phase, and in this case an energy storage device of the aircraft is supplied with energy via a coupling device via the overhead line. In addition, US Pat. No. 7,714,536 B1 discloses a method for electrically charging a battery of an unmanned drone. Here, the battery is charged during a coupling of the drone by means of an electrical overhead line. From US 7318564 B1, a system for electrically charging an energy storage of a drone is known. The drone is unmanned and is inductively charged by means of coupling with an electrical overhead line.
Überdies sind aus der US 2017/0015414 A1 ein Verfahren sowie ein System zum Übertragen von elektrischer Energie von einer Stromleitung auf ein unbemanntes Flugobjekt bekannt. Hierbei wird das Flugobjekt mit der Stromleitung über eine Schnittstelle verbunden, um kabellos elektrische Energie von der Stromleitung zu empfangen. Mittels der elektrischen Energie ist eine Batterie des Flugobjekts ladbar. Moreover, a method and a system for transmitting electrical energy from a power line to an unmanned flying object are known from US 2017/0015414 A1. Here, the flying object is connected to the power line via an interface to wirelessly receive electrical energy from the power line. By means of electrical energy, a battery of the flying object can be loaded.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs sowie ein Fahrzeug zu schaffen, mittels welchen ein besonders schneller Transport von Insassen oder Ladegut erfolgen kann. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs sowie durch ein Fahrzeug mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen mit zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den jeweils abhängigen An- Sprüchen sowie in der folgenden Beschreibung angegeben. Object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a vehicle and a vehicle, by means of which a particularly fast transport of passengers or cargo can be done. This object is achieved by a method for operating a vehicle and by a vehicle having the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims and in the following description.
Um ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mittels welchem ein besonders schneller Transport von Insassen oder Ladegut erfolgen kann, ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das Fahrzeug während einer Bewegungsphase von der Oberleitung entkoppelt ist und mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung versorgt wird. Das bedeutet, dass das den Nutzer oder anderes Ladegut transportierende Fahrzeug während der Flugphase entlang der Oberleitung bewegt wird und dabei über die Oberleitung mit Energie versorgt wird und während der Bewegungsphase nach Entkopplung von der Oberleitung mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung versorgt wird. Während der Flugphase wird das Fahrzeug entlang der Oberleitung einem Zielort des Transports angenähert. Ist das Fahrzeug beziehungsweise die Energiespeichereinrichtung ausreichend mit Energie versorgt, so wird das Fahrzeug von der Oberleitung entkoppelt und bewegt sich mittels Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung in der Bewegungsphase weiter auf den Zielort des Fahrzeugs zu. Insbesondere führt das Fahrzeug die Flugphase entlang der Oberleitung lediglich bei entsprechendem Energiebedarf des Fahrzeugs beziehungsweise bei Unterschreiten eines Grenzwerts eines Ladezustands der Energiespeicher- einrichtung durch. Vorteilhafterweise kann das Fahrzeug hierdurch durchgängig betrieben werden und der Nutzer oder anderes Ladegut kann während eines Ladevorgangs des Fahrzeugs beziehungsweise der Energiespeichereinrichtung des Fahrzeugs weiterhin auf seinen Zielort zubewegt werden. Vorteilhafterweise ergibt sich somit eine besonders kurze Transportzeit beziehungsweise Reisezeit für den Nutzer bis zum Zielort. In order to provide a method for operating a vehicle of the aforementioned type, by means of which a particularly fast transport of occupants or cargo can take place, it is inventively provided that the vehicle is decoupled during a movement phase of the overhead line and supplied with energy from the energy storage device becomes. This means that the vehicle transporting the user or other load is moved along the overhead line during the flight phase and is supplied with energy via the overhead line and is supplied with energy from the energy storage device during the movement phase after decoupling from the overhead line. During the flight phase, the vehicle is approached along the overhead line to a destination of the transport. If the vehicle or the energy storage device is sufficiently supplied with energy, then the vehicle is decoupled from the overhead line and moves by means of energy from the energy storage device in the movement phase on to the destination of the vehicle. In particular, the vehicle carries out the flight phase along the overhead line only when the energy demand of the vehicle is corresponding or when the energy storage device falls below a limit value of a charging state. Advantageously, the vehicle can thereby be operated continuously and the user or other cargo can continue to be moved to its destination during a charging of the vehicle or the energy storage device of the vehicle. Advantageously, this results in a particularly short transport time or travel time for the user to the destination.
Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass das Fahrzeug während der Flugphase mit einem Flugantrieb gekoppelt ist und während der Bewegungsphase mit einem Fahrmodul oder mit einem Schwimmmodul gekoppelt ist. Mit anderen Wor- ten ist das Fahrzeug während der Flugphase mit dem Flugantrieb gekoppelt, so dass das Fahrzeug während der Flugphase entlang der Oberleitung fliegt. Während der Bewegungsphase kann das Fahrzeug mittels des Fahrmoduls auf einem Boden fahren und/oder mittels des Schwimmmoduls auf einem Gewässer schwimmen. Somit kann sich das Fahrzeug während der Bewe- gungsphase besonders vorteilhaft zu Wasser und/oder zu Land fortbewegen. Vorteilhafterweise sind somit verschiedene Zielorte für den Nutzer besonders komfortabel erreichbar. Der Nutzer kann im Fahrzeug, insbesondere in einem als Fahrgastzelle ausgebildeten Grundkörper bleiben und sich zusam- men mit dem Fahrzeug zu Luft, zu Wasser und/oder zu Land fortbewegen. Es besteht somit vorteilhafterweise für den Nutzer keine Notwendigkeit, von dem Fahrzeug in ein weiteres Transportmittel zu wechseln. It is provided that the vehicle is coupled during the flight phase with a flight drive and is coupled during the movement phase with a driving module or with a swimming module. In other words, during the flight phase, the vehicle is coupled with the aircraft drive, so that the vehicle flies along the overhead line during the flight phase. During the movement phase, the vehicle can travel by means of the driving module on a ground and / or swim by means of the swimming module on a body of water. Thus, during the movement tion phase particularly advantageous to water and / or land to move. Advantageously, thus different destinations for the user are particularly easy to reach. The user can stay in the vehicle, in particular in a body formed as a passenger compartment, and move together with the vehicle to air, to water and / or to land. There is thus advantageously no need for the user to change from the vehicle to another means of transport.
In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Luftfahrzeug während der Bewegungsphase mit dem Flugantrieb gekoppelt ist. Während der Bewegungsphase kann das Luftfahrzeug mittels des Flugantriebs fliegen. Somit kann sich das Luftfahrzeug während der Bewegungsphase besonders vorteilhaft zu Luft fortbewegen. Vorteilhafterweise sind somit verschiedene Zielorte für den Nutzer besonders komfortabel erreich- bar. Der Nutzer kann im Luftfahrzeug, insbesondere in einem als Fahrgastzelle ausgebildeten Grundkörper bleiben und sich zusammen mit dem Luftfahrzeug zu Luft fortbewegen. Es besteht somit vorteilhafterweise für den Nutzer keine Notwendigkeit, von dem Luftfahrzeug in ein weiteres Transportmittel zu wechseln. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the aircraft is coupled to the aircraft drive during the movement phase. During the movement phase, the aircraft can fly by means of the aircraft engine. Thus, the aircraft can move particularly advantageous during the movement phase to air. Advantageously, different destinations can thus be reached particularly comfortably by the user. The user can remain in the aircraft, in particular in a body designed as a passenger compartment, and move along with the aircraft to air. There is thus advantageously no need for the user to change from the aircraft to another means of transport.
In diesem Zusammenhang hat es sich als vorteilhaft gezeigt, wenn das Fahrzeug die Bewegungsphase beabstandet von der Oberleitung durchführt. Das bedeutet, dass das Fahrzeug während der Flugphase entlang der Oberleitung bewegt wird und nach dessen Abkopplung in der Bewegungsphase sich beabstandet von der Oberleitung bewegt. Beispielsweise bildet die Oberleitung mit weiteren Oberleitungen Verkehrshauptadern zur Verkehrsführung des Fahrzeugs. Mittels dieser Verkehrshauptadern kann das Fahrzeug während des Ladevorgangs in eine Nähe des Zielorts des Nutzers bewegt werden. Ist das Fahrzeug entlang der Oberleitung nahe genug an den Zielort heran bewegt worden, so dass der Ladezustand der Energiespeichereinheit ausreicht, um das Fahrzeug während der Bewegungsphase zum Zielort zu bewegen, so wird das Fahrzeug von der Oberleitung abgekoppelt und bewegt sich in der Bewegungsphase mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinheit zum Zielort des Nutzers. Folglich handelt es sich um ein autarkes Fahrzeug, da sich dieses in der Bewegungsphase beabstandet von der Oberleitung mittels Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung fortbewegen kann. Mittels des Fahrzeugs kann ein sogenanntes Energiespringen, auch als Energy Hopping bezeichnet, durchgeführt werden. Beim Energiespringen kann eine Langstreckenmobilität mittels eines Oberleitungsnetzes aus meh- reren Oberleitungen ermöglicht werden. Hierbei bewegt sich das Fahrzeug in einer ersten Flugphase entlang einer ersten Oberleitung, bewegt sich während der Bewegungsphase von der ersten Oberleitung entkoppelt mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung von der ersten Oberleitung weg und zu einer zweiten Oberleitung hin. Anschließend wird das Fahrzeug mit der zweiten Oberleitung gekoppelt und bewegt sich in einer zweiten Flugphase entlang der zweiten Oberleitung. Dieser Vorgang kann beliebig oft wiederholt werden, so dass das Fahrzeug Langstrecken durchführen kann, um den Nutzer weite Strecken zu seinem Zielort zu transportieren. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine Reichweite des Fahrzeugs besonders hoch ist und der Nutzer mittels des Fahrzeugs besonders viele verschiedene Zielorte erreichen kann. In this context, it has proven to be advantageous if the vehicle performs the movement phase spaced from the catenary. This means that the vehicle is moved during the flight phase along the overhead line and moves after its decoupling in the movement phase spaced from the overhead line. For example, the overhead line with other overhead lines traffic main lines for traffic guidance of the vehicle. By means of these traffic main lines, the vehicle can be moved during the charging process to a vicinity of the destination of the user. If the vehicle has been moved along the overhead line close enough to the destination so that the state of charge of the energy storage unit is sufficient to move the vehicle to the destination during the movement phase, the vehicle is decoupled from the overhead line and moves with energy during the movement phase from the energy storage unit to the destination of the user. Consequently, it is a self-sufficient vehicle, since it can move in the movement phase spaced from the overhead line by means of energy from the energy storage device. By means of the vehicle, so-called energy jumping, also referred to as energy hopping, can be carried out. In energy jumping, long-distance mobility can be achieved by means of a catenary network of several higher overhead lines. In this case, the vehicle moves in a first flight phase along a first overhead line, moves during the movement phase of the first overhead line decoupled with energy from the energy storage device away from the first overhead line and to a second overhead line. Subsequently, the vehicle is coupled to the second overhead line and moves in a second phase of flight along the second overhead line. This process can be repeated as often as required so that the vehicle can travel long distances to transport the user long distances to its destination. This has the advantage that a range of the vehicle is particularly high and the user can reach very many different destinations by means of the vehicle.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass während der Flugphase eine Information zwischen dem Fahrzeug und der Oberleitung ausgetauscht wird. Das bedeutet, dass die Oberleitung in der Lage ist, die Information weiterzuleiten, welche mittels der Kopplungseinrichtung an eine Recheneinrichtung des Fahrzeugs weiterleitbar ist. Bei der Information kann es sich beispielsweise um eine für eine Fortbewegung des Fahrzeugs relevante Information, wie beispielsweise eine Wetterinformation, handeln. Vorteilhafterweise kann somit das Fahrzeug seine Bewegungsplanung in Abhängigkeit von der Information durchführen. Beispielsweise erstellt die Recheneinrichtung anhand der Information eine Bewegungsroute des Fahrzeugs zum Zielort beziehungsweise ändert die Bewegungsroute zum Zielort in Abhängigkeit von der Information ab. Somit kann infolge des Austausche von der Information zwischen dem Fahrzeug und der Oberleitung eine Bewegungsroute für das Fahrzeug geschaffen werden, welche besonders schnell und sicher zum Zielort führt. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Fahrzeug die Flugphase und/oder die Bewegungsphase autonom durchführt. Das bedeutet, dass die Recheneinrichtung des Fahrzeugs die Bewegungsplanung durchführt und das Fahrzeug entsprechend der im Rahmen der Bewegungsplanung ermittelten Bewegungsroute in der Flugphase und/oder in der Bewegungsphase autonom bewegt. Der Nutzer kann folglich bei einem Starten des Fahrzeugs den Zielort an das Fahrzeug übermitteln und wird anschließend besonders komfortabel von dem Fahrzeug zu dem Zielort transportiert. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung hat es sich als vorteilhaft gezeigt, wenn das Fahrzeug den Ladezustand der Energiespeichereinrichtung während der Bewegungsphase ermittelt und bei Unterschreiten eines Grenzlade- zustands der Energiespeichereinrichtung die Oberleitung zur Durchführung des Ladevorgangs der Energiespeichereinrichtung mit Energie über die Oberleitung ansteuert. Das bedeutet, dass der Ladezustand der Energiespeichereinrichtung beispielsweise mittels der Recheneinrichtung des Fahrzeugs überwacht wird und die Recheneinrichtung den Ladezustand der Energiespeichereinrichtung in die Bewegungsplanung mit einbezieht. Hier- durch kann vorteilhafterweise sichergestellt werden, dass das Fahrzeug zu jedem Zeitpunkt mit ausreichend Energie versorgt ist. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that information is exchanged between the vehicle and the overhead line during the flight phase. This means that the overhead line is able to forward the information which can be forwarded by the coupling device to a computing device of the vehicle. The information may be, for example, information relevant to vehicle movement, such as weather information. Advantageously, the vehicle can thus carry out its movement planning as a function of the information. For example, the computing device uses the information to create a movement route of the vehicle to the destination or changes the route of travel to the destination as a function of the information. Thus, as a result of the exchange of information between the vehicle and the overhead line, a travel route for the vehicle can be created which leads to the destination particularly quickly and safely. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the vehicle carries out the flight phase and / or the movement phase autonomously. This means that the computing device of the vehicle carries out the movement planning and moves the vehicle autonomously in the flight phase and / or in the movement phase in accordance with the movement route determined during the movement planning. The user can consequently transmit the destination to the vehicle when starting the vehicle and is then transported in a particularly comfortable manner from the vehicle to the destination. In a further embodiment of the invention, it has proven to be advantageous if the vehicle determines the state of charge of the energy storage device during the movement phase and falls below a Grenzlade- state of the energy storage device, the overhead line for carrying out the charging of the energy storage device with energy via the overhead line controls. This means that the state of charge of the energy storage device is monitored, for example, by means of the computing device of the vehicle, and the computing device incorporates the state of charge of the energy storage device into the movement planning. This can advantageously ensure that the vehicle is supplied with sufficient energy at all times.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug, welches während einer Flugphase entlang einer Oberleitung bewegbar ist. Das Fahrzeug ist dazu eingerichtet, während der Flugphase mit einem Flugantrieb gekoppelt zu sein. Das Fahrzeug umfasst eine Kopplungseinrichtung, mittels welcher das Fahrzeug mit der Oberleitung koppelbar ist. Darüber hinaus umfasst das Fahrzeug eine über die Oberleitung mit Energie versorgbare Energiespeichereinrichtung. Um eine besonders komfortable Reise für einen Nutzer des Fahrzeugs zu gewährleisten, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das Fahrzeug während einer Bewegungsphase von der Oberleitung entkoppelbar ist und mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung versorgbar ist. Des Weiteren ist das Fahrzeug dazu eingerichtet, während einer Bewegungsphase mit einem Fahrmodul und/oder mit einem Schwimmmodul gekoppelt zu werden. Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle which is movable during a flight phase along a catenary. The vehicle is configured to be coupled to an aircraft propulsion during the flight phase. The vehicle comprises a coupling device, by means of which the vehicle can be coupled to the overhead line. In addition, the vehicle comprises an energy storage device which can be supplied with energy via the overhead line. In order to ensure a particularly comfortable journey for a user of the vehicle, the invention provides that the vehicle can be decoupled from the overhead line during a movement phase and can be supplied with energy from the energy storage device. Furthermore, the vehicle is set up to be coupled during a movement phase with a driving module and / or with a swimming module.
Zu der Erfindung gehören auch Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs, welche Merkmale aufweisen, wie sie bereits im Zusammenhang mit den Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschrieben worden sind. Aus diesem Grund sind die entsprechenden Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs hier nicht noch einmal beschrieben. The invention also includes further developments of the vehicle according to the invention, which have features as they have already been described in connection with the developments of the method according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding developments of the vehicle according to the invention are not described again here.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Flugantrieb vorgesehen, welcher mit Energie von der Oberleitung und von der Energiespeichereinrich- tung antreibbar ist und mittels welchem das Fahrzeug fliegen kann. Mittels dieses Flugantriebs kann das Fahrzeug während der Flugphase entlang der Oberleitung fliegen und während der Bewegungsphase beabstandet von der Oberleitung fliegen. Somit kann das Fahrzeug vorteilhafterweise während eines Ladevorgangs der Energiespeichereinrichtung entlang der Oberleitung geführt werden und sich entlang der Oberleitung auf einen durch einen Nutzer des Fahrzeugs gewünschten Zielort zu bewegen. Hierdurch kann der Nutzer vorteilhafterweise die gesamte Strecke bis zum Zielort fliegen und diese besonders schnell zurücklegen. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the aircraft drive is provided, which is drivable with energy from the overhead line and the energy storage device and by means of which the vehicle can fly. By means of this aircraft propulsion system, the vehicle can fly along the overhead line during the flight phase and fly away from the overhead line during the movement phase. Thus, the vehicle can advantageously during charging of the energy storage device along the overhead line be guided and to move along the overhead line to a destination desired by a user of the vehicle. As a result, the user can advantageously fly the entire route to the destination and cover this particularly fast.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Fahrmodul und/oder das Schwimmmodul vorgesehen, welches jeweils mit Energie von der Energiespeichereinrichtung antreibbar ist. Das bedeutet, dass das Fahrzeug das Fahrmodul und/oder das Schwimmmodul zumindest zeitweise umfasst und dass das Fahrzeug während der Bewegungsphase mittels des Fahrmoduls und/oder des Schwimmmoduls bewegbar ist. Da das Fahrmodul und das Schwimmmodul jeweils mit Energie von der Energiespeichereinrichtung antreibbar sind, kann die jeweilige Bewegung des Fahrzeugs mittels des Fahrmoduls und/oder des Schwimmmoduls beabstandet von der Ober- leitung durchgeführt werden. Beispielsweise umfasst das Fahrzeug einen Grundkörper, welcher mit dem Flugantrieb und/oder dem Fahrmodul und/oder dem Schwimmmodul koppelbar ist. Vorteilhafterweise kann das Fahrzeug sich somit mittels des Fahrmoduls auf einem Boden fahrend oder mittels des Schwimmmoduls auf einem Gewässer schwimmend in der Be- wegungsphase beabstandet von der Oberleitung fortbewegen. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the driving module and / or the floating module is provided, which is each driven by energy from the energy storage device. This means that the vehicle comprises the driving module and / or the swimming module at least temporarily and that the vehicle is movable during the movement phase by means of the driving module and / or the swimming module. Since the driving module and the floating module can each be driven by energy from the energy storage device, the respective movement of the vehicle can be carried out by means of the driving module and / or the swimming module at a distance from the overhead line. For example, the vehicle comprises a base body, which can be coupled to the aircraft drive and / or the travel module and / or the swimming module. Advantageously, the vehicle can thus travel by means of the driving module on a ground or by means of the swimming module on a body of water floating in the movement phase spaced from the overhead line move.
Vorzugsweise ist das Fahrzeug dazu eingerichtet, ein Verfahren, wie es bereits im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschrieben worden ist, durchzuführen. The vehicle is preferably designed to carry out a method as has already been described in connection with the method according to the invention.
Zu der Erfindung gehören auch Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, die Merkmale aufweisen, wie sie bereits im Zusammenhang mit den Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs beschrieben worden sind. Aus diesem Grund sind die entsprechenden Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hier nicht noch einmal beschrieben. The invention also includes developments of the method according to the invention, which have features as they have already been described in connection with the developments of the motor vehicle according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding developments of the method according to the invention are not described again here.
Im Folgenden sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung beschrieben. Hierzu zeigt: Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Kopplungsvorgangs eines Fahrzeugs mit einer Oberleitung; Fig. 2 eine schematische Perspektivansicht einer alternativen Ausführungs- form des Fahrzeugs in einer Flugphase, wobei sich das Fahrzeug entlang einer Oberleitung bewegt; Fig. 3 eine Perspektivansicht des Fahrzeugs, wobei von einem Grundkörper des Fahrzeugs ein Flugantrieb und ein Fahrmodul abgekoppelt sind. In the following, embodiments of the invention are described. 1 shows a schematic representation of a coupling process of a vehicle with a catenary; 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the vehicle in a flight phase, wherein the vehicle moves along a catenary; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the vehicle, wherein a drive unit and a driving module are decoupled from a main body of the vehicle.
Bei den im Folgenden erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen handelt es sich um bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung. Bei den Ausführungsbeispie- len stellen die beschriebenen Komponenten der Ausführungsformen jeweils einzelne, unabhängig voneinander zu betrachtende Merkmale der Erfindung dar, welche die Erfindung jeweils auch unabhängig voneinander weiterbilden und damit auch einzeln oder in einer anderen als der gezeigten Kombination als Bestandteil der Erfindung anzusehen sind. Des Weiteren sind die be- schriebenen Ausführungsformen auch durch weitere der bereits beschriebenen Merkmale der Erfindung ergänzbar. The exemplary embodiments explained below are preferred embodiments of the invention. In the exemplary embodiments, the described components of the embodiments each represent individual features of the invention, which are to be considered independently of one another, which each further develop the invention independently of one another and thus also individually or in a different combination than the one shown as part of the invention. Furthermore, the described embodiments can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.
In den Figuren sind funktionsgleiche Elemente jeweils mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. In the figures, functionally identical elements are each provided with the same reference numerals.
In Fig. 1 ist in einer schematischen Seitenansicht ein Kopplungsvorgang eines Fahrzeugs 1 , insbesondere eines Luftfahrzeugs, mit einer Oberleitung 2 dargestellt. Das Fahrzeug 1 ist während einer Flugphase 6 entlang der Oberleitung 2 bewegbar. Während der Flugphase 6 ist eine Energiespei- chereinrichtung 4 des Fahrzeugs 1 mittels einer Kopplungseinrichtung 3 über die Oberleitung 2 mit Energie versorgbar. Die Kopplungseinrichtung 3 um- fasst wenigstens ein Koppelelement 5, welches mit der Oberleitung 2 koppelbar ist und über welches vorliegend mittels Induktion Energie von der Oberleitung 2 auf das Fahrzeug 1 übertragbar ist. Bei dem Fahrzeug 1 han- delt es sich vorliegend um ein Transportmittel für einen Nutzer, mittels welchem der Nutzer zu einem Zielort transportiert werden kann. In Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a coupling operation of a vehicle 1, in particular an aircraft, shown with a catenary 2. The vehicle 1 is movable during a flight phase 6 along the overhead line 2. During the flight phase 6, an energy storage device 4 of the vehicle 1 can be supplied with energy via the overhead line 2 by means of a coupling device 3. The coupling device 3 comprises at least one coupling element 5 which can be coupled to the overhead line 2 and via which energy can be transmitted from the overhead line 2 to the vehicle 1 by means of induction in the present case. In the present case, the vehicle 1 is a means of transport for a user by means of which the user can be transported to a destination.
Um eine möglichst komfortable Reise des Nutzers zu dem Zielort zu ermöglichen, ist es vorgesehen, dass das Fahrzeug 1 während einer Bewegungs- phase 7 von der Oberleitung 2 entkoppelt ist und mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 versorgt wird. Während der Bewegungsphase 7 wird das Fahrzeug 1 vorliegend mittels Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 zu dem Zielort bewegt. Dabei erfolgt die Bewegungsphase 7 beabstandet von der Oberleitung 2. Unterschreitet ein Ladezustand der Ener- giespeichereinrichtung 4 einen definierten Grenzwert, so kann sich das Fahrzeug 1 , wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, während der Bewegungsphase 7 auf die Oberleitung 2 zu bewegen, sich mittels der Kopplungseinrichtung 3 mit der Oberleitung 2 koppeln und die Flugphase 6 durchführen. In order to allow the user to travel to the destination as comfortable as possible, it is provided that the vehicle 1 is decoupled from the overhead line 2 during a movement phase 7 and supplied with energy from the energy storage device 4. During the movement phase 7, the vehicle 1 in the present case is moved by means of energy from the energy storage device 4 to the destination. In this case, the movement phase 7 takes place at a distance from the overhead line 2. If a state of charge of the energy falls below The storage device 4, a defined limit, so the vehicle 1, as shown in Fig. 1, during the movement phase 7 to move to the overhead line 2, by means of the coupling device 3 with the overhead line 2 and perform the flight phase 6.
In Fig. 2 ist in einer schematischen Perspektivansicht das Fahrzeug 1 während der Flugphase 6 gezeigt, wobei die Kopplungseinrichtung 3 in der in Fig. 2 gezeigten, alternativen Ausführungsform des Fahrzeugs 1 zwei Koppelelemente 5 aufweist, welche jeweils mit einem von zwei Einzelsträngen 8 der Oberleitung 2 gekoppelt sind. 2, the vehicle 1 is shown in a schematic perspective view during the flight phase 6, wherein the coupling device 3 in the shown in Fig. 2, alternative embodiment of the vehicle 1 has two coupling elements 5, each with one of two single strands 8 of the overhead line 2 are coupled.
In Fig. 3 ist das Fahrzeug 1 in einer Perspektivansicht dargestellt. In dieser Darstellung kann erkannt werden, dass das Fahrzeug 1 einen Grundkörper 9, ein abkoppelbares Fahrmodul 10 sowie einen abkoppelbaren Flugantrieb 1 1 umfasst. Der Grundkörper 9 kann mit dem Flugantrieb 1 1 und/oder mit dem Fahrmodul 10 gekoppelt werden, um die Bewegungsphase 7 durchzuführen. Während der Flugphase 6 ist der Grundkörper 9 lediglich mit dem Flugantrieb 1 1 gekoppelt. Das wenigstens eine Koppelelements 5, bei welchem es sich um einen Stromabnehmer beziehungsweise um einen Daten- abnehmer handeln kann, kann in seiner Bauart sowie in seiner Position relativ zum Grundkörper 9 variieren. Darüber hinaus ist eine Form, Bauart und Ausführung des Fahrzeugs 1 variabel. In Fig. 3, the vehicle 1 is shown in a perspective view. In this representation, it can be seen that the vehicle 1 comprises a main body 9, a decoupled driving module 10 and a decoupled aircraft propulsion system 1 1. The base body 9 can be coupled to the aircraft drive 1 1 and / or with the driving module 10 to perform the movement phase 7. During the flight phase 6 of the base body 9 is coupled only to the aircraft propulsion 1 1. The at least one coupling element 5, which may be a current collector or a data collector, may vary in its construction and in its position relative to the base body 9. In addition, a shape, construction and design of the vehicle 1 is variable.
Dem im Zusammenhang mit den Fig. 1 bis 3 beschriebenen Fahrzeug 1 liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass Drohnen, worunter ein unbemanntes Luftfahrzeug zu verstehen ist, derzeit im Flugverkehr vorrangig für Luftaufnahmen verwendet werden. Darüber hinaus wird zunehmend im Bereich von Personenluftverkehr geforscht und entwickelt. In einer Testphase befinden sich bereits sogenannte Multicopter, welche mit Sitzplätzen für Nutzer und Steu- ereinheiten ausgestattet sind und fliegen können. Diese Multicopter können manuell von einem Benutzer gesteuert werden oder sich autonom fortbewegen. Mittels Multicoptern soll zukünftig eine Mobilität von einzelnen Nutzern gesteigert werden und Verkehr, besonders in Urbanen Bereichen von Straßen auf einen Luftraum ausgeweitet werden. Hierdurch kann ein Verkehrs- aufkommen auf den Straßen entlastet werden. Bei den beschriebenen Multicoptern wird einen Verbindung, insbesondere ein Umsteigen, zwischen Verkehrsmitteln wie beispielsweise von einem Kraftfahrzeug in einen Multicopter und anschließend in ein anderes Kraftfahrzeug, in sogenannten Hubs hergestellt. Darüber hinaus findet bei den Multicoptern, wie im Personenverkehr der Automobilbranche, eine Elektrifizierung statt. Auch bei den Multicoptern ist jedoch eine Reichweite von derzeitigen Energiespeichereinrichtungen problematisch. Des Weiteren gibt es auf einem bisherigen Markt wenige bis keine Multicopter, welche für den Personenluftverkehr eingesetzt werden können. Überdies entstehen beim Umsteigen zwischen den Verkehrsmitteln für den Nutzer Zeitverluste und Komfortverluste. The vehicle 1 described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3 is based on the recognition that drones, by which an unmanned aerial vehicle is to be understood, are currently used primarily in air traffic for aerial photography. In addition, research and development is increasingly being conducted in the area of passenger air traffic. In a test phase are already so-called multicopters, which are equipped with seats for users and control units and can fly. These multicopters can be manually controlled by a user or move autonomously. By means of multicopters, mobility of individual users will be increased in the future and traffic, especially in urban areas, will be extended from roads to airspace. As a result, traffic on the roads can be relieved. In the described multicopters, a connection, in particular a change, between means of transport, for example from a motor vehicle to a multicopter and subsequently to another motor vehicle, is produced in so-called hubs. In addition, takes place in the multicopters, as in passenger transport the automotive industry, an electrification event. Even with the multicopters, however, a range of current energy storage devices is problematic. Furthermore, there are on a recent market few to no multicopter, which can be used for passenger air transport. Moreover, when changing between the means of transport for the user time losses and loss of comfort.
Diese Nachteile können mittels des im Zusammenhang mit den Fig. 1 bis 3 beschriebenen Fahrzeugs 1 umgangen werden. Mit Hilfe der Oberleitung 2, mit welcher das Fahrzeug 1 bei Bedarf physischen Kontakt herstellen kann, kann das Fahrzeug 1 geladen und geführt werden. Die Oberleitung 2 kann so auch für Ordnung in dem Luftraum sorgen, der durch die Oberleitung 2, insbesondere durch mehrere Oberleitungen 2, in einzelne Korridore eingeteilt wird. Das Fahrzeug 1 wird mittels der durch die Oberleitung 2 vorgegebenen Korridore gelenkt. Zudem könnte eine Problematik der Reichweite der Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 gelöst werden. Die mittels mehrerer Oberleitungen 2 vorgegebenen Korridore befinden sich idealerweise entlang bestehender Mobilitätstrassen. Der Nutzer wird mittels des Fahrzeugs 1 von seinem momentanen Standort abgeholt. Das Fahrzeug 1 kann anschließend bei Bedarf einen der vorgegebenen Korridore anfliegen und sich mittels der Kopplungseinrichtung 3 mit der Oberleitung 2 verbinden. Die Kopplungseinrichtung 3 umfasst vorliegend ein Kabel 12 sowie das Koppelelement 5, bei welchem es sich vorliegend um einen Abnehmer handelt. Das Fahrzeug 1 wird mittels der Oberleitung 2 durch den physischen Kontakt oder mittels Induktion geladen und bewegt sich entlang der Oberleitung 2 durch den vorgegebenen Korridor in Richtung des gewünschten Zielorts. In der Oberleitung 2 fließt Strom, mittels welchem das Fahrzeug 1 aufladbar ist. Zudem können über die Oberleitung 2 Daten und/oder Informationen übertragen werden. Bei Erreichen einer bestimmten Nähe zum Zielort beziehungsweise bei Unterschreiten eines definierten Höchstabstands zum Zielort, wird die Verbindung des Fahrzeugs 1 mit der Oberleitung 2 getrennt, das bedeutet das Fahrzeug 1 wird von der Oberleitung 2 entkoppelt. Anschließend kann das Fahrzeug 1 in der Bewegungsphase 7 direkt zum Zielort des Nutzers fliegen. Vorliegend ist der definierte Höchstabstand so festgelegt, dass in der Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 genügend Energie vorhanden ist, um eine Bewegung des Fahrzeugs 1 von der Oberleitung 2 zu dem Zielort und von dem erreichten Zielort des Nutzers zu einem nächstgelegenen Korridor für ein Wiederaufladen der Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 zu gewährleisten. Eine Fortbewegung von Kurzstreckenverkehr würde durch das Fahrzeug 1 in eine dritte Dimension verlagert werden, wodurch neue Geschäftsfelder erschlossen werden können. Hinzu kommt, dass für das Erreichen des Zielorts die kürzeste Strecke, das bedeutet Luftlinie, gewählt werden kann. Darüber hinaus hängt eine Fortbewegungszeit des Fahrzeugs 1 zum Zielort insbesondere während der Bewegungsphase 7 nicht von einem Verkehrsaufkommen ab. Mit entsprechenden Modulen kann sich das Fahrzeug 1 an Land und im Wasser fortbewegen. Das bedeutet, dass ein Wechsel und eine damit verbundene Verknüpfung von verschiedenen Verkehrsmitteln für den Nutzer nicht notwendig ist. These disadvantages can be circumvented by means of the vehicle 1 described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. With the help of the overhead line 2, with which the vehicle 1 can make physical contact if necessary, the vehicle 1 can be loaded and guided. The overhead line 2 can thus also ensure order in the air space, which is divided by the overhead line 2, in particular by several overhead lines 2, in individual corridors. The vehicle 1 is steered by means of the corridors predetermined by the overhead line 2. In addition, a problem of the range of the energy storage device 4 could be solved. The corridors predetermined by means of several overhead lines 2 are ideally located along existing mobility routes. The user is picked up by his vehicle 1 from his current location. If required, the vehicle 1 can then approach one of the predefined corridors and connect to the overhead line 2 by means of the coupling device 3. In the present case, the coupling device 3 comprises a cable 12 and the coupling element 5, which in the present case is a pickup. The vehicle 1 is loaded by means of overhead contact line 2 by physical contact or induction, and moves along the overhead line 2 through the predetermined corridor towards the desired destination. In the overhead line 2 current flows, by means of which the vehicle 1 is chargeable. In addition, data and / or information can be transmitted via the overhead line 2. When reaching a certain proximity to the destination or falls below a defined maximum distance to the destination, the connection of the vehicle 1 is separated with the catenary 2, that is, the vehicle 1 is decoupled from the overhead line 2. Subsequently, the vehicle 1 can fly in the movement phase 7 directly to the destination of the user. In the present case, the defined maximum distance is set such that sufficient energy is present in the energy storage device 4 to ensure movement of the vehicle 1 from the overhead line 2 to the destination and from the user's destination to a nearest corridor for recharging the energy storage device 4 , A movement of short-distance traffic would be shifted by the vehicle 1 in a third dimension, whereby new business areas can be opened. In addition, for reaching the destination the shortest route, that is, as the crow flies, can be selected. In addition, a travel time of the vehicle 1 to the destination, especially during the movement phase 7 does not depend on a traffic volume. With appropriate modules, the vehicle 1 can move on land and in the water. This means that it is not necessary for the user to change and connect different modes of transport.
Durch das Fahrzeug 1 können besonders große Reichweiten sowie individuelle Premiummobilität für den Nutzer ohne Zeiteinschränkungen und Kom- forteinschränkungen ermöglicht werden. The vehicle 1 enables particularly long ranges and individual premium mobility for the user without time restrictions and comfort restrictions.
Dies kann erreicht werden, indem sich das Fahrzeug 1 in der Bewegungsphase 7 mittels Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 fortbewegt. Bei Erreichen der Oberleitung 2 koppelt sich das Fahrzeug 1 mit dieser. This can be achieved by moving the vehicle 1 in the movement phase 7 by means of energy from the energy storage device 4. Upon reaching the overhead line 2, the vehicle 1 couples with this.
Vorliegend umfasst die Oberleitung 2 in der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform zwei Einzelstränge 5. Das wenigstens eine Koppelelement 5 des Fahrzeugs 1 besteht vorliegend aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material, wodurch der Strom in der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform des Fahrzeugs 1 von einem Einzelstrang 5 zu dem jeweils anderen Einzelstrang 5 der Oberlei- tung 2 fließen kann. Dabei wird Strom zur Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 des Fahrzeugs 1 geleitet und die Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 hierdurch aufgeladen. Alternativ kann die Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 induktiv geladen werden. Für ein Fahren an Land beziehungsweise auf Wasser kann der Flugantrieb 1 1 , welcher vorliegend Rotoren umfasst, abgekoppelt werden. Der Grundkörper 9, bei welchem es sich vorliegend um eine Fahrgastzelle handelt, kann anschließend auf das Fahrmodul 10 und/oder ein Schwimmmodul aufgesetzt werden, um sich analog zu einem Automobil oder zu einem Wasser- fahrzeug zu bewegen. In the present case, the overhead line 2 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 comprises two single strands 5. The at least one coupling element 5 of the vehicle 1 in the present case consists of an electrically conductive material, whereby the current in the embodiment of the vehicle 1 illustrated in FIG. 2 is a single strand 5 can flow to the other single strand 5 of the upper line 2. In this case, power is passed to the energy storage device 4 of the vehicle 1 and the energy storage device 4 charged thereby. Alternatively, the energy storage device 4 can be charged inductively. For driving on land or on water, the aircraft propulsion system 1 1, which in this case includes rotors, be decoupled. The base body 9, which in the present case is a passenger compartment, can subsequently be placed on the driving module 10 and / or a floating module in order to move in a manner analogous to an automobile or a watercraft.
Insgesamt zeigen die Beispiele, wie durch die Erfindung eine bemannte Drohne, vorliegend das Fahrzeug 1 , im Flugverkehr durch Stromleitungen, vorliegend die Oberleitung 2, teilweise geführt und geladen werden kann sowie ein Wechsel eines Verkehrsträgers unter Beibehaltung der Fahrgastzelle durchgeführt werden kann. Overall, the examples show how, by the invention, a manned drone, in the present case the vehicle 1, can be partially guided and loaded in air traffic by power lines, in the present case the overhead line 2 and a change of a mode of transport can be carried out while maintaining the passenger compartment.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: CLAIMS:
Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs (1 ), bei welchem das Fahrzeug (1 ) während einer Flugphase (6) mit einem Flugantrieb (1 1 ) gekoppelt ist, entlang einer Oberleitung (2) bewegt wird und hierbei eine Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) des Fahrzeugs (1 ) mittels einer Kopplungseinrichtung (3) über die Oberleitung (2) mit Energie versorgt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Method for operating a vehicle (1), in which the vehicle (1) is coupled to a flight drive (1 1) during a flight phase (6), is moved along an overhead line (2) and in this case an energy storage device (4) of the vehicle ( 1) is powered by means of a coupling device (3) via the overhead line (2), characterized in that
das Fahrzeug (1 ) während einer Bewegungsphase (7) mit einem Fahrmodul (10) oder mit einem Schwimmmodul gekoppelt ist, von der Oberleitung (2) entkoppelt ist und mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) versorgt wird. the vehicle (1) is coupled to a driving module (10) or to a swimming module during a movement phase (7), is decoupled from the overhead line (2) and supplied with energy from the energy storage device (4).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Fahrzeug (1 ) die Bewegungsphase (7) beabstandet von der Oberleitung (2) durchführt. Method according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle (1) performs the movement phase (7) at a distance from the overhead line (2).
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem während der Flugphase (6) eine Information zwischen dem Fahrzeug (1 ) und der Oberleitung (2) ausgetauscht wird. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which information is exchanged between the vehicle (1) and the overhead line (2) during the flight phase (6).
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Fahrzeug (1 ) die Flugphase (6) und/oder die Bewegungsphase (7) autonom durchführt. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vehicle (1) autonomously performs the flight phase (6) and / or the movement phase (7).
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Fahrzeug (1 ) einen Ladezustand der Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) während der Bewegungsphase (7) ermittelt und bei Unterschreiten eines Grenzladezustands der Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) die Oberleitung (2) zur Durchführung eines Ladevorgangs der Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) über die Oberleitung (2) mit Energie ansteuert. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vehicle (1) determines a state of charge of the energy storage device (4) during the movement phase (7) and falls below a limit state of charge of the energy storage device (4) the overhead line (2) for carrying out a charging operation of the energy storage device (4 ) via the overhead line (2) with energy.
Fahrzeug (1 ), welches dazu eingerichtet ist, während einer Flugphase (6) mit einem Flugantrieb (1 1 ) gekoppelt zu sein, und welches während der Flugphase (6) entlang einer Oberleitung (2) bewegbar ist, mit einer Kopplungseinrichtung (3), mittels welcher das Fahrzeug (1 ) mit der Oberleitung (2) koppelbar ist, und mit einer über die Oberleitung (2) mit Energie versorgbaren Energiespeichereinrichtung (4), Vehicle (1), which is set up to be coupled to a flight drive (1 1) during a flight phase (6), and which is movable along a catenary (2) during the flight phase (6), with a coupling device (3). by means of which the vehicle (1) can be coupled to the overhead line (2), and to an energy storage device (4) which can be supplied with energy via the overhead line (2),
dadurch gekennzeichnet dass, characterized in that
das Fahrzeug (1 ) dazu eingerichtet ist, während einer Bewegungspha- se (7) mit einem Fahrmodul (10) und/oder mit einem Schwimmmodul gekoppelt zu werden, wobei das Fahrzeug (1 ) während der Bewegungsphase (7) von der Oberleitung (2) entkoppelbar ist und mit Energie aus der Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) versorgbar ist. the vehicle (1) is set up during a movement phase se (7) to be coupled with a driving module (10) and / or with a floating module, wherein the vehicle (1) during the movement phase (7) of the overhead line (2) is decoupled and supplied with energy from the energy storage device (4) is.
Fahrzeug (1 ) nach Anspruch 6, wobei der Flugantrieb (1 1 ) vorgesehen ist, welcher mit Energie von der Oberleitung (2) und von der Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) antreibbar ist und mittels welchem das Fahrzeug (1 ) fliegen kann. Vehicle (1) according to claim 6, wherein the aircraft drive (1 1) is provided, which is drivable with energy from the overhead line (2) and from the energy storage device (4) and by means of which the vehicle (1) can fly.
8. Fahrzeug (1 ) nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, wobei das Fahrmodul (10) und/oder das Schwimmmodul vorgesehen ist, welches jeweils mit Energie von der Energiespeichereinrichtung (4) antreibbar ist. 9. Fahrzeug (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, welches dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 durchzuführen. 8. Vehicle (1) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the driving module (10) and / or the floating module is provided, which in each case with energy from the energy storage device (4) is drivable. 9. Vehicle (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, which is adapted to perform a method according to one of claims 1 to 6.
PCT/EP2018/063779 2017-07-04 2018-05-25 Method for operating a vehicle, and vehicle WO2019007586A1 (en)

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