WO2019006836A1 - 实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺 - Google Patents

实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺 Download PDF

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WO2019006836A1
WO2019006836A1 PCT/CN2017/098755 CN2017098755W WO2019006836A1 WO 2019006836 A1 WO2019006836 A1 WO 2019006836A1 CN 2017098755 W CN2017098755 W CN 2017098755W WO 2019006836 A1 WO2019006836 A1 WO 2019006836A1
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wood
microwave
impregnation
time
radiation
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PCT/CN2017/098755
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王艳伟
徐立
黄毅玲
孙龙祥
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久盛地板有限公司
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Publication of WO2019006836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019006836A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/003—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 by using electromagnetic radiation or mechanical waves
    • B27K5/0055—Radio-waves, e.g. microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a modification process of wood for solid wood floor for heating, in particular to a microwave-impregnation modification process for wood for solid wood floor heating, relating to the field of wood floor and furniture manufacturing.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microwave-impregnation modification treatment process for wood for solid wood floor heating.
  • the invention can effectively improve the permeability, thereby improving the impregnation drug loading amount of the floor material; at the same time, the invention can also significantly improve the dimensional stability of the wood and further expand the application range of the wood.
  • a microwave-impregnation modification treatment process for wood for solid wood floor heating specifically comprising the following steps:
  • microwave the wood is placed in the microwave processing equipment for microwave, microwave processing is divided into 3 times, each processing time interval 1-3min; the first adjustment of the radiation power to 2-5KW, radiation time 30-60s; second Secondary adjustment of radiation power to 1-4KW, radiation time 20-40s; third adjustment of radiation power to 0.2-0.8KW, radiation time 8-15s;
  • cooling cooling and cooling, until the temperature drops to 25-40 ° C out of the tank
  • the wood is immersed in an analytical pure aqueous solution having a mass fraction of 20-30%, the immersion temperature is 50-70 ° C, and after immersion for 25-35 hours, it is taken out and dried, and dried until the water content reaches 8%;
  • the dried wood is placed in a vacuum impregnation tank, the vacuum is adjusted to -0.20 ⁇ (-0.10) MPa, and maintained for 10-20 min, while the resin is injected into the tank by the negative pressure, so that the wood is immersed in In the resin, the control pressure is 1-3 MPa, and is maintained for 1-4 h;
  • microwave the wood is placed in the microwave processing equipment for microwave, microwave processing is divided into 3 times, each processing time interval 2min; the first adjustment of the radiation power to 4KW, radiation time 40s; the second adjustment of the radiation power to 2KW , the radiation time is 25s; the third time is to adjust the radiation power to 0.5KW, and the radiation time is 10s;
  • cooling cooling and cooling, until the temperature drops to 35 ° C out of the tank
  • the wood is immersed in an analytical pure aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 25%, the immersion temperature is 60 ° C, and after 30 hours of immersion, it is taken out and dried, and dried until the water content reaches 8%;
  • Double impregnation the dried wood is placed in a vacuum impregnation tank, the vacuum degree is adjusted to -0.15 MPa, and maintained for 15 min. At the same time, the resin is injected into the tank body by using a negative pressure, so that the wood is immersed in the resin, and the control pressure is 1.5 MPa. , keep 2h;
  • step a the vacuum degree during microwave treatment is maintained at -0.05 to (-0.1) MPa.
  • step a the vacuum degree during microwave treatment is maintained at -0.07 MPa.
  • step a the first microwave treatment maintains the water dispersion loss rate of the wood at 4%/min; the second microwave treatment maintains the water dispersion loss rate of the wood. At 1.5%/min; first microwave treatment The water dispersion loss rate of the wood was maintained at 0.3%/min.
  • step b the wood moisture content reaches 10% when the tank is discharged.
  • step d the oxygen content in the vacuum impregnation tank is controlled to be zero.
  • the wood is American Southern Pine or radiata pine wood.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention employs a unique microwave treatment technique in which heat is not introduced from the outside of the wood, but occurs directly inside the microwave alternating electric field by interacting with water molecules in the wood. Therefore, its heat generation is immediacy.
  • the high moisture content wood is under the action of high-intensity microwave, the water vapor pressure in the wood rises sharply, which leads to the passage of pores, ducts and the like of the parenchyma cells in the wood, forming a new fluid passage, making the wood
  • the radial and longitudinal permeability is increased by a thousand times.
  • the water absorption weight gain rate can be increased by 20-40% compared with untreated wood, indicating that its permeability is significantly improved, and it is impregnated, treated with anti-corrosion treatment and flame retardant treatment.
  • the drug loading amount of the preservative, the flame retardant, and the resin is increased by about four times.
  • the microwave elastic radiation treatment has a decrease in flexural modulus and impact toughness of less than 8% (general microwave treatment process is reduced by about 18%), and its permeability is remarkably improved, which can be rapidly improved by low molecular weight resin impregnation. Strength compensates for its small loss of strength.
  • Embodiment 1 The microwave processing equipment can adopt WBZ intelligent static microwave vacuum drying test, and the technical parameters of the equipment:
  • Equipment size 800 ⁇ 1500 ⁇ 1750mm;
  • Microwave leakage value ⁇ 1mw/cm2 (national standard ⁇ 5mw/cm2)
  • Power supply voltage three-phase, 380V ⁇ 5%, 50HZ;
  • the equipment host is 304 stainless steel
  • the microwave modification process is divided into 3 treatments, the first radiation time is 40s, the radiation power is adjusted to 4KW, the water dispersion loss rate is about 4%/min; the second radiation time is 25s, the radiation power is adjusted to 2KW, moisture The loss rate is about 1.5%/min; the third radiation time is 10s, the radiation power is adjusted to 0.5KW, the water dispersion loss rate is about 0.3%/min; the time interval between each treatment is 2min;
  • cooling and cooling stage turn on the cooling system for cooling and cooling, until the temperature drops to 35 ° C out of the tank (the wood moisture content at this time reaches about 10%);
  • the impregnated wood is separately subjected to natural drying for 2 days - 30 ° C, 30 h - 60 ° C, 30 h - 90 ° C 15 h - 105 ° C, 6 h, and taken out to obtain the final material.
  • Embodiment 2 Wood microwave-impregnation modification treatment process for wood floor heating floor, specifically comprising the following steps:
  • Microwave The wood is placed in the microwave processing equipment for microwave, and the microwave processing process is divided into 3 times, each time interval is 3 min; the first time the radiation power is adjusted to 2 KW, the radiation time is 50 s; the second time is adjusted to radiant power to 3.5. KW, radiation time 20s; third adjustment of radiation power to 0.6KW, radiation time 10s;
  • Cooling cooling and cooling, until the temperature drops to 25 °C, the moisture content of the wood reaches 10% when the tank is discharged;
  • the wood is immersed in an analytical pure aqueous solution having a mass fraction of 30%, the immersion temperature is 50 ° C, and after immersion for 35 hours, it is taken out and dried, and dried until the water content reaches 8%;
  • the dried wood is placed in a vacuum impregnation tank, the vacuum is adjusted to -0.10 MPa for 20 min, and the resin is injected into the tank by the negative pressure, so that the wood is immersed in the resin, and the control pressure is 1 MPa. Hold for 4h;

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，包括a、微波：将木材放入微波处理设备内进行微波处理，微波处理过程分3次，每次处理时间间隔1-3min；第一次调节辐射功率至2-5KW，辐射时间30-60s；第二次调节辐射功率至1-4KW，辐射时间20-40s；第三次调节辐射功率至0.2-0.8KW，辐射时间8-15s；b、冷却：进行冷却降温，待温度降至25-40℃出罐；c、一次浸渍：将木材浸渍于质量分数为20-30％的分析纯水溶液之中，浸渍温度50-70℃，浸渍25-35h后取出干燥，干燥至含水率达到8％；d、二次浸渍：将干燥好的木材置于真空浸渍罐中，调节真空度至-0.20～(-0.10)MPa，保持10-20min，同时利用负压将树脂注入罐体内，使木材浸渍在树脂中，控制压力1-3MPa，保持1-4h；e、成品：干燥，得到最终材料。

Description

实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种地采暖用实木地板用木材的改性处理，特别涉及一种实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，涉及木地板和家具制造领域。
背景技术
近年来，随着人们消费水平的提升，人们对于高质量的家居生活体验越来越关注，尤其是人们对于环保要求以及居室环境舒适度的要求提高，实木地暖地板行业亦呈现出回暖的趋势，木材需求量也越来越大。由于常规的木材干燥、改性存在时间长、能耗大及污染严重等问题，此外，一些普通的实木用材由于其干缩湿涨的天然属性，使得其无法应用于地采暖环境，其尺寸稳定性无法达到使用要求，因而无法满足消费者需求，因此，人们开始寻求并研究新的木材改性技术。微波真空干燥技术起源于20世纪30年代，并由于其热效应的发现而成为全世界探究的热点，随后在60～70年代，许多国家开始将这项技术应用与木材干燥，但由于干燥成本、干燥设备、干燥工艺、干燥质量等诸多方面的问题没有解决，时至今日，木材微波干燥的工业化应用仍然没有取得实质性进展，微波干燥木材的数量在木材干燥中所占的比例几乎可以忽略不计。在20世纪90年代以后，国内外学者开 始将目光从微波干燥领域转到利用微波对木材进行前期改性处理，结果发现经过微波改性过的木材各方面干燥性能都大大提升，微波改性由此便开始发展。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺。本发明可以有效提高渗透性，从而提高地板用材的浸渍载药量；同时本发明还能显著提高木材的尺寸稳定性，进一步扩大木材的适用范围。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案如下：一种实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，具体包括以下步骤：
a、微波：将木材放入微波处理设备内进行微波，微波处理过程分3次，每次处理时间间隔1-3min；第一次调节辐射功率至2-5KW，辐射时间30-60s；第二次调节辐射功率至1-4KW，辐射时间20-40s；第三次调节辐射功率至0.2-0.8KW，辐射时间8-15s；
b、冷却：进行冷却降温，待温度降至25-40℃出罐
c、一次浸渍：将木材浸渍于质量分数为20-30％的分析纯水溶液之中，浸渍温度50-70℃，浸渍25-35h后取出干燥，干燥至含水率达到8％；
d、二次浸渍：将干燥好的木材置于真空浸渍罐中，调节真空度至-0.20～(-0.10)MPa，保持10-20min，同时利用负压将树脂注入罐体内，使木材浸渍在树脂中，控制压力1-3MPa，保持1-4h；
e、成品：干燥，得到最终材料。
上述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺中，具体包括以下步骤：
a、微波：将木材放入微波处理设备内进行微波，微波处理过程分3次，每次处理时间间隔2min；第一次调节辐射功率至4KW，辐射时间40s；第二次调节辐射功率至2KW，辐射时间25s；第三次调节辐射功率至0.5KW，辐射时间10s；
b、冷却：进行冷却降温，待温度降至35℃出罐
c、一次浸渍：将木材浸渍于质量分数为25％的分析纯水溶液之中，浸渍温度60℃，浸渍30h后取出干燥，干燥至含水率达到8％；
d、二次浸渍：将干燥好的木材置于真空浸渍罐中，调节真空度至-0.15MPa，保持15min，同时利用负压将树脂注入罐体内，使木材浸渍在树脂中，控制压力1.5MPa，保持2h；
e、成品：干燥，得到最终材料。
前述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺中，步骤a中，微波处理时的真空度保持在-0.05～(-0.1)MPa。
前述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺中，步骤a中，微波处理时的真空度保持在-0.07MPa。
前述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺中，步骤a中，第一次微波处理使木材的水分散失速率保持在4％/min；第二次微波处理使木材的水分散失速率保持在1.5％/min；第一次微波处理 使木材的水分散失速率保持在0.3％/min。
前述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺中，步骤b中，出罐的时候木材含水率达到10％。
前述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺中，步骤d中，真空浸渍罐中氧含量控制在0。
前述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺中，所述的木材为美国南方松木材或辐射松木材。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下的有益效果：
(1)渗透性提高：本发明采用独特的微波处理技术，热量不是从木材外部传入，而是通过微波交变电场与木材中的水分子相互作用而直接在内部发生。因此，其热量产生具有即时性。当较高含水率木材在高强度微波瞬时作用下，木材内的水蒸气压力急剧升高，从而导致木材内的薄壁细胞的纹孔、导管等组织贯通，形成新的流体通道，使得木材的径向和纵向渗透性得以千倍的提高。经过3次微波改性的南方松木材，相比于未处理的木材其吸水增重率可提高20-40％，说明其渗透性显著提高，对其进行浸渍处理、防腐处理、阻燃处理的防腐剂、阻燃剂、树脂等的载药量提高4倍左右。
(2)通过微波辐射处理，其弯曲弹性模量和冲击韧性下降却不足8％(一般微波处理工艺降低18％左右)，因其渗透性显著提高，可通过低分子量树脂浸渍等方法迅速提高其强度而弥补其微小的强度损失。
(3)经过微波辐射改性处理后再进行干燥，其干燥速度明显提升。常规干燥需12天，经微波处理过的南方松木材干燥至需要的含水率只需2-3天，干燥效率提高干燥效率提高4-6倍。
(4)提高南方松木材尺寸稳定性：在微波处理过程中，木材内部会产生物理化学应力松弛，使得木材中的残余生长应力得以大程度释放，其尺寸稳定性提高3-5倍。
(5)更适合制造新型复合材料：用高强度微波对南方松进行辐射改性处理后，可以开发出新型木基复合型功能材料。如阻燃材料、绝热材料、隔音材料等，该类材料同样科应用于实木地板领域。
(6)经过树脂浸渍处理，木材的阻湿率与抗胀率均提高70％以上，木材的表面硬度较未处理材提高2倍以上，处理后的MOR、MOE均大幅提高，弥补了微波处理后强度损失，抗压强度提高55％。
具体实施方式
实施例1：微波处理设备可采用WBZ智能化静态微波真空干燥试验，设备的技术参数：
额定功率8KW；
输出功率6KW(可调)；
微波频率2450±50MHZ；
最高真空度：≤-0.08MPa；
设备尺寸：800×1500×1750mm；
微波泄露值<1mw/cm2(国家标准<5mw/cm2)；
电源电压：三相、380V±5％、50HZ；
配真空系统，设备主机为304不锈钢；
另有真空浸渍罐(用于树脂浸渍)。
微波改性工艺流程：
(一)选材：美国南方松，规格1000mm×135mm×30mm，初含水率50-55％。
(二)采用美国南方松的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺：
1、将南方松板材放入微波处理设备内，启动设备，调节真空度-0.07MPa；
2、微波改性处理过程分为3次处理，第一次辐射时间40s，调节辐射功率至4KW，水分散失速率约为4％/min；第二次辐射时间25s，调节辐射功率至2KW，水分散失速率约为1.5％/min；第三次辐射时间10s，调节辐射功率至0.5KW，水分散失速率约为0.3％/min；每次处理时间间隔2min；
3、降温冷却阶段：开启冷却系统进行冷却降温，待温度降至35℃出罐(此时的木材含水率达到10％左右)；
4、将聚乙二醇1000(分析纯)配置成质量分数为25％的水溶液，将木材浸渍于分析纯之中，调节浸渍温度达到60℃，浸渍30h后取出干燥，干燥温度60℃，时间1.5-2天，终含水率达到8％；
5、将干燥好的木材置于真空浸渍罐中，调节真空度至-0.15MPa，保持15min，同时利用负压将树脂注入罐体内，控制环境氧含量为0(可充入氮气)，控制压力1.5MPa，保持2h；
6、将浸渍后的木材分别进行：自然干燥2天—30℃，30h—60℃，30h—90℃15h—105℃，6h，取出，得到最终材料。
实施例2：实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，具体包括以下步骤：
a、微波：将木材放入微波处理设备内进行微波，微波处理过程分3次，每次处理时间间隔3min；第一次调节辐射功率至2KW，辐射时间50s；第二次调节辐射功率至3.5KW，辐射时间20s；第三次调节辐射功率至0.6KW，辐射时间10s；
b、冷却：进行冷却降温，待温度降至25℃出罐，出罐的时候木材含水率达到10％；
c、一次浸渍：将木材浸渍于质量分数为30％的分析纯水溶液之中，浸渍温度50℃，浸渍35h后取出干燥，干燥至含水率达到8％；
d、二次浸渍：将干燥好的木材置于真空浸渍罐中，调节真空度至-0.10MPa，保持20min，同时利用负压将树脂注入罐体内，使木材浸渍在树脂中，控制压力1MPa，保持4h；
e、成品：干燥，得到最终材料。

Claims (8)

  1. 实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
    a、微波预处理：将木材放入微波处理设备内进行微波预处理，微波处理过程分3次，每次处理时间间隔1-3min；第一次调节辐射功率至2-5KW，辐射时间30-60s；第二次调节辐射功率至1-4KW，辐射时间20-40s；第三次调节辐射功率至0.2-0.8KW，辐射时间8-15s；
    b、降温冷却：进行冷却降温，待温度降至25-40℃出罐；
    c、一次浸渍：将木材浸渍于质量分数为20-30％的分析纯水溶液之中，浸渍温度50-70℃，浸渍25-35h后取出干燥，干燥至含水率达到8％；
    d、二次浸渍：将干燥好的木材置于真空浸渍罐中，调节真空度至-0.20～(-0.10)MPa，保持10-20min，同时利用负压将树脂注入罐体内，使木材浸渍在树脂中，控制压力1-3MPa，保持1-4h；
    e、成品：干燥，得到最终材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
    a、微波：将木材放入微波处理设备内进行微波，微波处理过程分3次，每次处理时间间隔2min；第一次调节辐射功率至4KW，辐射时间40s；第二次调节辐射功率至2KW，辐射时间25s；第三次调节 辐射功率至0.5KW，辐射时间10s；
    b、冷却：进行冷却降温，待温度降至35℃出罐；
    c、一次浸渍：将木材浸渍于质量分数为25％的分析纯水溶液之中，浸渍温度60℃，浸渍30h后取出干燥，干燥至含水率达到8％；
    d、二次浸渍：将干燥好的木材置于真空浸渍罐中，调节真空度至-0.15MPa，保持15min，同时利用负压将树脂注入罐体内，使木材浸渍在树脂中，控制压力1.5MPa，保持2h；
    e、成品：干燥，得到最终材料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤a中，微波处理时的真空度保持在-0.05～(-0.1)MPa。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤a中，微波处理时的真空度保持在-0.07MPa。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤a中，第一次微波处理使木材的水分散失速率保持在4％/min；第二次微波处理使木材的水分散失速率保持在1.5％/min；第一次微波处理使木材的水分散失速率保持在0.3％/min。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤b中，出罐的时候木材含水率达到10％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤d中，真空浸渍罐中氧含量控制在0。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的实木地暖地板用木材微波-浸渍改性处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的木材为美国南方松木或辐射松木材。
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