Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
  • C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/265—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/266—Esters or carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D7/3209—Amines or imines with one to four nitrogen atoms; Quaternized amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D7/3245—Aminoacids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
  • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
  • C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile

Definitions

• Embodiments disclosed relate to methods and compositions for improving laundry quality in multiple areas including detergency, bleaching and wastewater operations.
• methods and compositions for controlling transition metal contaminants in water utilized within laundry applications are provided.
• non- phosphorous laundry additive compositions including chelants and a polymer beneficially control transition metals throughout the laundry process including but not limited to: break steps (initial alkaline detergent wash process), steaming or non-steaming, bleach and/or oxidizer steps, souring and laundry wastewater applications.
• alkaline detergent materials In typical commercial or industrial laundry processes, textile materials such as sheets, towels, wipes, garments, tablecloths, etc. are commonly laundered at elevated temperatures with alkaline detergent materials.
• Such detergent materials typically contain a source of alkalinity such as an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal silicate, alkali metal carbonate or other such base component.
• a source of alkalinity such as an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal silicate, alkali metal carbonate or other such base component.
• Carryover alkalinity refers to the chemistry that is contained within the linen (that has not been completely removed) that is available for the next step.
• the detergent use solution provides an alkaline environment
• the detergent use solution will provide a certain amount of carryover alkalinity for a subsequent sour treatment step unless all of the detergent use solution is removed by rinsing.
• the residual components of the alkaline detergents remaining in or on the laundered item can result in fabric damage and skin irritation by the wearer of the washed fabric. This is particularly a problem with towels, sheets and garments. Sour materials contain acid components that neutralize alkaline residues on the fabric.
• iron and other metals are also challenges in laundry processes. Such contaminants may be present due to stains, such as rust, or present due to water utilized within the laundry process, such as transition metals resulting from inputted water sources and/or steam to heat a laundry process. Iron can enter the water at the source or be picked up from corroding (or lines in various states of corrosion) water lines and tanks. Iron may be present in water sources in a soluble colorless form called ferrous iron. When exposed to air, ferrous iron rapidly converts to insoluble ferric iron, which can vary in color from yellow to reddish brown. If not properly removed, iron and other metals can cause permanent yellowing of fabrics and loss of fabric life due to tensile strength loss. Metal content can further result in detergent inactivation and/or inhibition, accelerated loss of oxidizing chemistries used in a laundry process, shading due to deposition of metals, as well as shading due to optical brightener modification, and still other detrimental laundry effects.
• a towel such as a terry towel
• warewash substrates which may have a deposit on a surface only in the form of a film which is easier to remove with detergent compositions.
• the adsorption of inorganic ions on fibers and soil in laundry applications can even modify the surface charge of the solids and as a result either compete with or enhance the adsorption of surfactants to the surface.
• a further object is to provide a non-phosphorous laundry additive composition for the control of transition metals and beneficial laundry performance.
• a further object is to provide methods and compositions for improving laundry quality in multiple areas including detergency, bleaching and wastewater operations.
• embodiments is to control damaging effects of metals which may enter a laundry application from various sources, including for example water supplied to the washer, direct steam injection heated washers, and soil providing metal content.
• a method for treating laundry includes contacting the laundry with a laundry additive composition comprising a gluconate chelant, at least one additional chelant, a carboxylate polymer and water, wherein the laundry additive composition controls transition metal contaminants throughout the laundry process.
• the laundry process comprises an initial wash process utilizing transition metal contaminated water supplied to the washer.
• the laundry process comprises an initial wash process utilizing transition metal contaminated soils or laundry supplied to the washer.
• the laundry process comprises a steaming or direct steam injection contaminated with transition metals to heat waters utilized in the laundry process.
• the gluconate chelant is a gluconate salt, such as sodium gluconate.
• the at least one additional chelant comprises an aminocarboxylate or salt thereof.
• the aminocarboxylate comprises methyl glycine diacetic acid and/or
• the dosing of the laundry additive conditioning composition is provided at a rate of: (a) about 0.5 fluid ounce to about 30 fluid ounces, (b) about 3 fluid ounces to about 30 fluid ounces per 100 pounds of linen, and/or (c) at a rate to control at least 0.1 ppm transition metals in the laundry process.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition is provided at a rate of about 0.5 to about 5 grams/L of solution of the water conditioning composition, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.08 to about 0.8 grams/L gluconate salt chelant.
• the laundry additive composition is dosed into the washing machine, into a steam receiving side of a steam inj ection heated process within the laundry process, and/or into a water reuse or recycle storage container or output line.
• the methods can include an initial step of measuring iron concentration in a water source or input to the laundry process.
• the contacting of the laundry additive composition is before or after a bleaching and/or oxidizing step in the laundry process.
• the contacting of the laundry additive composition is simultaneous with a bleaching and/or oxidizing step in the laundry process.
• the contacting of the laundry additive composition is before or after an alkaline detergent wash step in the laundry process.
• the contacting of the laundry additive composition is simultaneous with an alkaline detergent wash step in the laundry process.
• the contacting of the laundry additive composition is before or after a sour step in the laundry process.
• a laundry additive composition includes a gluconate salt chelants, at least one additional chelants including an aminocarboxylate, a carboxylate polymer, water.
• the composition is substantially phosphorous-free or phosphorous-free.
• the gluconate chelant is sodium gluconate or gluconic acid.
• the at least one additional chelant comprises an aminocarboxylate or salt thereof, such as a methyl glycine diacetic acid and/or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
• the carboxylate polymer is a polyacrylate polymer, a polyacrylic acid, a polymaleic acid, salt thereof or combination thereof.
• the gluconate salt chelants include from about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-% of the composition, the at least one additional chelants comprises from about 0.1 wt- % to about 10 wt-% of the composition, the polymer comprises from about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-% of the composition, and water comprises from about 20 wt-% to about 80 wt-% of the liquid composition.
• the ratio of the gluconate chelant to the carboxylate include from about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-% of the composition, the at least one additional chelants comprises from about 0.1 wt- % to about 10 wt-% of the composition, the polymer comprises from about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-% of the composition, and water comprises from about 20 wt-% to about 80
• compositions are from about 1 : 1 to about 3 : 1 in the compositions.
• the compositions include at least one additional functional ingredient.
• the composition is free of surfactants.
• FIG. 1 shows the results of laundry process water sampled from customer accounts to demonstrate exemplary frequency of transition metal contamination measured by concentration (ppm), in addition to conventional hardness ions of magnesium and calcium, to demonstrate the need for transition metal control in laundry applications.
• FIG. 2 shows the results of additional laundry process water sampled from multiple laundry sites at various points of the laundry process to demonstrate exemplary frequency of transition metal contamination measured by concentration (ppm) demonstrating the need for transition metal control in the entire laundry process due to variations in water quality depending upon location within the laundry process.
• FIG. 3 shows comparative whiteness evaluations of an embodiment of the laundry additive composition compared to negative and positive controls.
• FIG. 4 shows the amount of iron (metal deposition) on polyester swatches measured in an evaluation according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 5 shows the amount of iron (metal deposition) on cotton swatches measured in an evaluation according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 6 shows a comparative whiteness evaluation of an embodiment of the laundry additive composition compared to negative control.
• FIG. 7 shows a comparative yellow/blue evaluation of an embodiment of the laundry additive composition compared to negative control.
• FIG. 8 shows measurement of whiteness based on the order of addition of the laundry additive composition, demonstrating a benefit in adding the laundry additive composition before or simultaneously with the bleach step.
• FIG. 9 shows whiteness measurements using various polymers in the laundry additive compositions at different alkaline pH ranges.
• FIGS. 10-15 show whiteness measurements of towel sets (each figure 10-15 tested a separate set of towels) treated with the laundry additive composition to assess whiteness measurements over extended wash cycles compared to a baseline sample.
• FIG. 16 shows the measurement of change in yellowness (without UV) of swatches evaluated to assess the impact of unchelated iron in preventing the polymers of the laundry additive composition from controlling the water hardness.
• FIG. 17 shows the measurement of change in whiteness (without UV) of swatches evaluated to assess the impact of unchelated iron in preventing the polymers of the laundry additive composition from controlling the water hardness.
• FIG. 18 shows the measurement of whiteness (with and without iron) from the evaluated polymers and conditions described.
• FIG. 19 shows the measurement of percentage of ash that is on the evaluated swatches as deposits as an indicator of cause of discoloration of treated substrates under various conditions of washing.
• FIG. 20 shows the measurement of concentration of calcium (mg/L) over 20 cycles of washing using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of
• FIG. 21 shows the measurement of concentration of magnesium (mg/L) over 20 cycles of washing using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 22 shows the measurement of concentration of iron (mg/L) over 20 cycles of washing using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 23 shows the measurement of percentage of ash that is on the evaluated swatches - with and without iron contaminants - as an indicator of cause of discoloration of treated substrates under various conditions of washing.
• FIG. 24 shows the measurement of concentration of calcium (mg/L) - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 25 shows the measurement of concentration of magnesium (mg/L) - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 26 shows the measurement of concentration of iron (mg/L) - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 27 shows the measurement of concentration of calcium and magnesium (mg/L) - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and compositions for controlling the damaging effects of metals entering a laundry process from various sources, including for example water supplied to the washer, direct steam injection heated washers, and soil providing metal content.
• the methods and compositions have many advantages over conventional laundry applications, in that water containing metals, such as iron, copper and manganese, along with water hardness ions, can be addressed throughout all phases of the laundry process due to the formulation of the laundry additive compositions.
• the laundry additive compositions provide soil suspension and removal (such as on cotton fabrics), iron and other metal control, film prevention, protectant for off-coloring of fabrics and other formulation benefits allowing the composition to be used throughout the laundry process.
• actives or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives” or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning expressed as a percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts.
• an “antiredeposition agent” refers to a compound that helps keep suspended in water instead of redepositing onto the object being cleaned. Antiredeposition agents are useful in the present compositions and methods to assist in reducing redepositing of the removed soil onto the surface being cleaned.
• the term “cleaning” refers to a method used to facilitate or aid in soil removal, bleaching, microbial population reduction, rinsing, and any combination thereof.
• the term “microorganism” refers to any noncellular or unicellular (including colonial) organism. Microorganisms include all prokaryotes. Microorganisms include bacteria (including cyanobacteria), spores, lichens, fungi, protozoa, virinos, viroids, viruses, phages, and some algae. As used herein, the term “microbe” is synonymous with microorganism.
• laundry refers to items or articles that are cleaned in a laundry washing machine.
• laundry refers to any item or article made from or including textile materials, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics.
• the textile materials can include natural or synthetic fibers such as silk fibers, linen fibers, cotton fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers such as nylon, acrylic fibers, acetate fibers, and blends thereof including cotton and polyester blends.
• the fibers can be treated or untreated. Exemplary treated fibers include those treated for flame retardancy. It should be understood that the term “linen” is often used to describe certain types of laundry items including bed sheets, pillow cases, towels, table linen, table cloth, bar mops and uniforms.
• linen refers to items or articles that are cleaned in a laundry washing machine.
• linen refers to any item or article made from or including textile materials, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics.
• the textile materials can include natural or synthetic fibers such as silk fibers, linen fibers, cotton fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers such as nylon, acrylic fibers, acetate fibers, and blends thereof including cotton and polyester blends.
• the fibers can be treated or untreated. Exemplary treated fibers include those treated for flame retardancy. It should be understood that the term "linen" is often used to describe certain types of linen items including bed sheets, pillow cases, towels, table linen, table cloth, bar mops and uniforms.
• phosphate-free refers to a composition, mixture, or ingredient that does not contain a phosphate or phosphate-containing compound or to which a phosphate or phosphate-containing compound has not been added. Should a phosphate or phosphate-containing compound be present through contamination of a phosphate-free composition, mixture, or ingredients, the amount of phosphate shall be less than 0.5 wt %. More preferably, the amount of phosphate is less than 0.1 wt-%, and most preferably, the amount of phosphate is less than 0.01 wt %. In an aspect, the laundry additive compositions are phosphate-free.
• the term "phosphorus-free" or “substantially phosphorus-free” refers to a composition, mixture, or ingredient that does not contain phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound or to which phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound has not been added. Should phosphorus or a phosphorus -containing compound be present through contamination of a phosphorus-free composition, mixture, or ingredients, the amount of phosphorus shall be less than 0.5 wt %. More preferably, the amount of phosphorus is less than 0.1 wt-%, and most preferably the amount of phosphorus is less than 0.01 wt %. In an aspect, the laundry additive compositions are phosphorus-free.
• soft surface refers to a resilient cleanable substrate, for example materials made from woven, nonwoven or knit textiles, leather, rubber or flexible plastics including fabrics (for example surgical garments, draperies, bed linens, bandages, etc.), carpet, transportation vehicle seating and interior components and the like.
• soil refers to polar or non-polar organic or inorganic substances including, but not limited to carbohydrates, proteins, fats, oils and the like. These substances may be present in their organic state or complexed to a metal to form an inorganic complex.
• stain refers to a polar or non-polar substance which may or may not contain particulate matter such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide- hydroxides, clays, sand, dust, natural matter, carbon black, graphite and the like
• the term "substantially free” refers to compositions completely lacking the component or having such a small amount of the component that the component does not affect the performance of the composition.
• the component may be present as an impurity or as a contaminant and shall be less than 0.5 wt-%. In another embodiment, the amount of the component is less than 0.1 wt-% and in yet another embodiment, the amount of component is less than 0.01 wt-%.
• substantially similar cleaning performance refers generally to achievement by a substitute cleaning product or substitute cleaning system of generally the same degree (or at least not a significantly lesser degree) of cleanliness or with generally the same expenditure (or at least not a significantly lesser expenditure) of effort, or both.
• Threshold agent refers to a compound that inhibits crystallization of water hardness ions from solution, but that need not form a specific complex with the water hardness ion.
• Threshold agents include but are not limited to a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, an olefin/maleic copolymer, and the like.
• weight percent refers to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as used here, “percent,” “%,” and the like are intended to be synonymous with “weight percent,” “wt-%,” etc.
• the methods, systems, and compositions may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the components and ingredients as well as other ingredients described herein.
• consisting essentially of means that the methods, systems, and compositions may include additional steps, components or ingredients, but only if the additional steps, components or ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed methods, systems, and compositions.
• the term “configured” describes a system, apparatus, or other structure that is constructed or configured to perform a particular task or adopt a particular configuration.
• the term “configured” can be used interchangeably with other similar phrases such as arranged and configured, constructed and arranged, adapted and configured, adapted, constructed, manufactured and arranged, and the like.
• compositions and methods disclosed herein are suitable for improving laundry applications and performance.
• the compositions and methods disclosed herein are suitable for controlling transition metal contaminants to improve quality throughout the laundry process, including for example improved detergency, improved bleaching and wastewater operations.
• the use of the non-phosphorous laundry additive compositions controls the detrimental presence of transition metal contaminants in water sources employed throughout a laundry application.
• the laundry additive compositions are suitable for use in conditioning water sources and soils contaminating a laundry process.
• the laundry additive compositions and methods of use thereof control transition metal contaminants throughout the laundry process.
• transition metal contaminants can be introduced through multiple sources, which conventional detergents do not fully overcome.
• the laundry process includes an initial wash process utilizing transition metal contaminated water supplied to the washer.
• the laundry process comprises an initial wash process utilizing transition metal contaminated soils or laundry supplied to the washer.
• the laundry process comprises a steaming or direct steam inj ection contaminated with transition metals to heat waters utilized in the laundry process.
• a laundry process includes one or more of these steps which can detrimentally introduce metal contaminants into a laundry process.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition can be provided to one or more inputs of the laundry process.
• the laundry additive composition can be dosed into a washing machine in a wash cycle.
• the laundry additive composition can be dosed into a steam receiving side of a steam inj ection heated process within the laundry application.
• dosing to the water side of the steam injection, as opposed to the vapor or seam generating side beneficially controls the transition metals in the water employed in the steam injection.
• the laundry additive composition can be dosed into a water reuse or recycle storage container or output line (i.e. waste water).
• dosing to the reuse or recycle or waste water removes the contaminating transition metals before reusing and/or disposing of the water.
• the control of the transition metal contaminants in the waste water beneficially remove contaminants to reduce or eliminate the blockage or plugging of screens, filters and/or the like.
• the dosing rates of the laundry additive compositions can vary based upon the degree of contamination of the laundry process with transition metals.
• contamination can be measured by the presence of one or more of iron, copper and/or manganese.
• contamination can also be measured by the presence of one of more of alkaline earth metals, such as calcium and magnesium which are common contaminants in water hardness.
• the contamination is preferably measured by the presence of iron.
• the contamination can be measured by the presence of at least 0.1 ppm, at least 0.2 ppm, at least 1 ppm, or at least 10 ppm of iron or another transition metal contaminant or alkaline earth metal contaminant.
• an initial step of the methods disclosed herein can comprise a measuring or detecting step, or a means for detecting, to determine contamination with any contaminants, namely transition metals and optionally alkaline earth metals.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition is provided at a rate of about 0.5 to about 30 fluid ounces per 100 pounds of linen, about 3 to about 30 fluid ounces per 100 pounds of linen, about 5 to about 30 fluid ounces per 100 pounds of linen, about 10 to about 30 fluid ounces per 100 pounds of linen, about 5 to about 25 fluid ounces per 100 pounds of linen, or about 5 to about 20 fluid ounces per 100 pounds of linen.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition is provided at a rate to control transition metals contained at a concentration of at least about 0.1 ppm in a laundry process.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition is provided at a rate of about 0.1 to about 5 grams/L, or preferably about 0.5 to about 1 grams/L of solution of the laundry additive composition, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.08 to about 0.8 grams/L gluconate salt chelant.
• the laundry additive composition control iron and other metals (including both transition metals and alkaline earth metals) across all stages or steps of the laundry process. Beneficially, the laundry additive compositions unexpectedly achieve the same stability (i.e.
• the laundry additive composition beneficially controls the iron and other metal contaminants at a pH between about 5 to about 12, or preferably from about 6 to about 12 providing efficacy over acid, neutral and alkaline pHs.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place before, simultaneously with, or after an initial alkaline detergent step (also referred to as a break step) in a laundry process.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place after the alkaline detergent step in a laundry process.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place before, simultaneously with, or after a bleaching (and/or oxidizing) step in a laundry process.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place before a bleaching (or oxidizing) step in a laundry process.
• treatment of a laundry bleach and/or oxidizing bath is complex in that transition metals and turbidity need to be managed to optimize bleaching efficiency, presenting additional challenges.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place before, simultaneously with, or after a sour step in a laundry process. In a preferred embodiment, the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place before a sour step in a laundry process.
• the dosing of the laundry additive composition takes place in a laundry system having a direct steam injection having increased contamination as a result of the heating system.
• the methods of using the laundry additive compositions according to the embodiments provide additional benefits, including improved cleaning results on various linens and surfaces, and enhanced removal of stains.
• Laundry compositions are generally referred to as a liquid concentrates as they are further diluted upon dosing to a laundry application where additional water is present to dilute the concentrate composition.
• the laundry additive compositions may include concentrate compositions or may be diluted to form use compositions.
• a concentrate refers to a composition that is intended to be diluted with water to provide a use solution that contacts an object to provide the desired cleaning, rinsing, or the like.
• the laundry additive composition that contacts the water to be treated to control transition metal contaminants can be referred to as a concentrate or a use composition (or use solution) dependent upon the formulation employed in methods.
• a use solution may be prepared from the concentrate by diluting the concentrate with water at a dilution ratio that provides a use solution having desired laundry additive properties.
• the water that is used to dilute the concentrate to form the use composition can be referred to as water of dilution or a diluent, and can vary from one location to another.
• the typical dilution factor is between approximately 1 and approximately 10,000 but will depend on factors including concentration of transition metal contaminants and the like.
• the concentrate is diluted at a ratio of between about 1 : 10 and about 1 : 10,000 concentrate to water.
• the concentrate is diluted at a ratio of between about 1 : 10 and about 1 : 1,000 concentrate to water. More particularly, the concentrate is diluted at a ratio of between about 1 : 10 and about 1 : 100 concentrate to water.
• the laundry additive compositions according to the present disclosure beneficially provide soil suspension and removal (such as on cotton fabrics and other laundry substrates), iron and other transition metal and alkaline earth metal control, film
• the laundry additive compositions are not detergent compositions as they do not contain surfactants.
• the laundry additive compositions comprise, consist of and/or consist essentially of a gluconate salt chelant, at least one additional chelant (preferably two additional chelants), a carboxylate polymer, and water.
• the laundry additive compositions include a gluconate salt chelant.
• the gluconate salt chelant is sodium gluconate.
• sodium gluconate provides a benefit in having a greater affinity to the transition metals iron and copper, and moreover provides a 100% active compound for including in the laundry additive compositions. This further allows for the combined use of the sodium gluconate with additional chelants at a lower concentration due to the efficacy of sodium gluconate for treating the majority of the transition metal contaminant concentration.
• the additional chelants are selected as having preferred affinity for additional transition metal contaminants and/or traditional water hardness ions.
• the compositions include from about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-% gluconate salt chelants, from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% gluconate salt chelant, from about 5 wt-% to about 20 wt-% gluconate salt chelant, or preferably from about 10 wt-% to about 20 wt-% gluconate salt chelant.
• all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range and include each integer within the defined range.
• the gluconate salt chelant is combined in the laundry additive composition with the at least one additional chelant in a ratio of at least about 1 : 1 or greater, including for example 1.5: 1 or greater, 2: 1 or greater, 2.5: 1 or greater, or 3: 1 or greater.
• the compositions containing a greater amount of the gluconate salt chelant relative to the additional chelant provides beneficial performance effects, including without limitation, as a result of the unexpected stability of the gluconate salt chelant (i.e.
• Laundry additive compositions containing greater than 1 : 1 ratio with the additional chelant ensures the chelant package survives full pH range of the laundry methods, including pH between about 5 to about 12.
• the laundry additive compositions include at least one additional chelant.
• Chelants include chelating agents (chelators), sequestering agents (sequestrants), builders, and the like. Examples of chelants include, but are not limited to, phosphonates, phosphates, aminocarboxylates and their derivatives, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates,
• ethylenediamene and ethylenetriamene derivatives hydroxyacids, and mono-, di-, and tri- carboxylates and their corresponding acids.
• Other exemplary chelants include
• chelants include aminocarboxylates, including salts of methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (including tetra sodium EDTA), hydroxy ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (HEDTA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTP A).
• MGDA methyl glycine diacetic acid
• EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• HEDTA hydroxy ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• DTP A diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
• Chelants can be water soluble, and/or biodegradable.
• exemplary chelants include TKPP (tetrapotassium pyrophosphate), PAA (polyacrylic acid) and its salts, phosphonobutane carboxylic acid, Alanine,N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-,trisodium salt, and sodium gluconate.
• TKPP tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
• PAA polyacrylic acid
• phosphonobutane carboxylic acid phosphonobutane carboxylic acid
• Alanine,N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-,trisodium salt and sodium gluconate.
• Additional suitable chelants include amino polycarboxylates, including but not limited to diethylene triamine pentaacetate, diethylene triamine penta(methyl phosphonic acid), ethylene diamine-N'N'-disuccinic acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetate, ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) and hydroxyethane di(methylene phosphonic acid).
• amino polycarboxylates including but not limited to diethylene triamine pentaacetate, diethylene triamine penta(methyl phosphonic acid), ethylene diamine-N'N'-disuccinic acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetate, ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) and hydroxyethane di(methylene phosphonic acid).
• the chelating agent is a biodegradable aminopolycarboxylate such as glutamic acid (GLDA), methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), L-aspartic acid N,N-diacetic acid tetrasodium salt (ASDA), DEG/HEIDA (sodium diethanolglycine/2- hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, disodium salt), iminodisuccinic acid and salts (IDS), and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and salts (EDDS).
• GLDA glutamic acid
• MGDA methylglycinediacetic acid
• ASDA L-aspartic acid N,N-diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
• DEG/HEIDA sodium diethanolglycine/2- hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, disodium salt
• IDS iminodisuccinic acid and salts
• EDDS ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid
• the additional one or more chelant(s) is substantially free of phosphorus. In more preferred embodiments, the additional one or more chelants is free of phosphorus.
• the chelant is a sodium salt of aminocarboxylates. More preferably, the chelant is methyl glycine diacetic acid and/or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
• the compositions include from about 0.1 wt-% to about 10 wt-% additional chelant, from about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-% additional chelant, from about 1 wt-% to about 7 wt-% additional chelant, or preferably from about 2 wt-% to about 6 wt-% additional chelant.
• all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range and include each integer within the defined range.
• the laundry additive compositions include a carboxylate polymer.
• Carboxylate polymers which include polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid or maleic acid, and further includes substituted or functionalized analogs of the same.
• the carboxylate polymer is a polyacrylate polymer, including polyacrylic acid polymers, preferably low molecular weight acrylate polymers.
• Polyacrylic acid homopolymers can contain a polymerization unit derived from the monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, iso- butyl acrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, iso-octyl acrylate, iso-octyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2 -hydroxy ethyl acrylate, 2 -hydroxy ethy
• hydroxypropyl methacrylate and a mixture thereof among which acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate, 2- hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and a mixture thereof are preferred.
• n is any integer.
• Acusol 445 series from The Dow Chemical Company, Wilmington Delaware, USA, including, for example, Acusol® 445 (acrylic acid polymer, 48% total solids) (4500 MW), Acusol® 445N (sodium acrylate homopolymer, 45% total solids)(4500MW), and Acusol®445ND (powdered sodium acrylate homopolymer, 93% total solids)(4500MW)
• Other polyacrylates (polyacrylic acid homopolymers) commercially available from Dow Chemical Company suitable for the compositions include, but are not limited to Acusol 929 (10,000 MW) and Acumer 1510.
• polyacrylic acid is AQUATREAT AR-6 (100,000 MW) from AkzoNobel.
• suitable polyacrylates polyacrylic acid homopolymers
• suitable polyacrylates include, but are not limited to those obtained from additional suppliers such as Aldrich Chemicals, Milwaukee, Wis., and ACROS Organics and Fine Chemicals, Pittsburg, Pa, BASF Corporation and SNF Inc. Additional disclosure of polyacrylates suitable for use in the solid rinse aid compositions is disclosed in U.S. Application Serial No. 62,043,572 which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• Polymaleic acid (C4H203)x polymers or hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride or cis-2- butenedioic acid homopolymer has the structural formula:
• polymaleic acid polymers which may be used for the compositions those with a molecular weight of about 400-800.
• Commercially available polymaleic acids include the Belclene 200 series of maleic acid homopolymers.
• the compositions include from about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-% carboxylate polymer, from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% carboxylate polymer, from about 5 wt-% to about 20 wt-% carboxylate polymer, or preferably from about 10 wt-% to about 20 wt-% carboxylate polymer.
• all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range and include each integer within the defined range.
• the laundry additive compositions can be provided as liquid compositions containing water.
• the water source employed should be free of transition metals so as not to introduce any contaminants into the laundry process.
• the compositions include from about 20 wt-% to about 80 wt-% water, from about 40 wt-% to about 80 wt- % water, from about 45 wt-% to about 75 wt-% water, or preferably from about 50 wt-% to about 65 wt-% water.
• all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range and include each integer within the defined range. As one skilled in the art will ascertain the concentration of water in the laundry additive compositions can be adjusted to provide concentrate compositions and/or solid compositions.
• the components of the laundry additive compositions can further be combined with various functional components suitable for use in laundry applications.
• the laundry additive compositions including the gluconate chelants, additional chelants, polymer and water which make up a large amount, or even substantially all of the total weight of the composition.
• the laundry additive compositions including the gluconate chelants, additional chelants, polymer and water which make up a large amount, or even substantially all of the total weight of the composition.
• additional functional ingredients may be included in the compositions.
• the functional ingredients provide desired properties and functionalities to the compositions.
• the term "functional ingredient” includes a material that when dispersed or dissolved in a use and/or concentrate solution, such as an aqueous solution, provides a beneficial property in a particular use.
• compositions do not include phosphonates.
• compositions may include anti-redeposition agents, bleaching agents, solubility modifiers, dispersants, metal protecting agents, stabilizing agents, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances and/or dyes, alkalinity sources, rheology modifiers or thickeners, hydrotropes or couplers, buffers, solvents and the like.
• additional pH modifiers including alkalinity agents, such as for example, hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, and the like.
• compositions of the present inventio include a phosphonate.
• phosphor! ales include, but are not limited to: phosphinosuccimc acid oligomer (PSO) described in US patents 8,871 ,699 and 9,255,242; 2- phosp inobuiaiie-L2,4 ⁇ tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), l-hydroxyethane-l.l-diphosphonie acid.
• PSO phosphinosuccimc acid oligomer
• PBTC 2- phosp inobuiaiie-L2,4 ⁇ tricarboxylic acid
• Preferred phosphonates are PBTC, HEDP, ATMP and DTPMP.
• a neutralized or alkali phosphonate, or a combination of the phosphonate with an alkali source prior to being added into the mixture such that th re is little or no h at or gas generated by a n utral zation reaction when the phosphonate is added is preferred.
• the composition is phosphorous-free.
• Embodiments of the present invention are further defined in the following non- limiting Examples. It should be understood that these Examples, while indicating certain embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the embodiments of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. Thus, various modifications of the embodiments of the invention, in addition to those shown and described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
• FIG. 1 shows the conventional hardness ions of magnesium and calcium that predominate in water sources conventionally employed in laundry applications. This testing permits formulations for use according to embodiments of the compositions and methods to combine use of chelants systems suitable for the handling of the transition metals having greater iron and copper in comparison to manganese, in addition to conventional water hardness ions.
• FIG. 2 demonstrates variation in iron, copper and manganese in hot water, incoming water to the washer, reuse water (such as a tunnel washer or capital intensive equipment to
• temperated water is warmed by way of a heat exchanger and the source is generally fresh cold water, warmed by heat exchanged from the effluent stream, and captured in a "tempered water tank" for use in the wash.
• the evaluated commercial laundry sites utilizes steam injected processes that would only increase the transition metal contamination seen in the reuse water depicted in FIG. 2. This testing further demonstrates the need for transition metal control in the entire laundry process due to variations in water quality depending upon location (or the source of process water) within the laundry process.
• the iron was not detected in non-steaming wash step samples (i.e. bleach) or final wash step samples.
• the presence of iron in the steaming wash step versus lack of iron in a non-steaming wash step was submitted for analytical processing to determine the concentration levels of iron.
• the steaming step was removed from the laundering process and again iron was measured in the wash step samples. Only slight iron levels were detected. Thereafter, the steaming step was reintroduced to the laundry process and iron was again detected in the wash step sample. This testing confirms the need for water conditioning treatment, iron control and other metal control as applied to steaming applications entering a laundering process.
• ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma
• MS mass spectrometry
• FIGS. 4-5 show the amount of iron on polyester swatches.
• FIG. 5 shows the amount of iron on cotton swatches.
• FIG. 6 shows maintained whiteness over at least 30 cycles compared to Control with a sharp drop in whiteness (which visually corresponds to yellowing of the fabric).
• the whiteness measurements are shown as CIE standard illuminate D65 without UV, wherein a change in increment of 5 or greater is visually detectable by the average user on the whiteness scale.
• FIG. 7 A similar analysis is shown in FIG. 7 where the b* value (evaluating yellow/blue as calculated according to CIE L*a*b* Color Scale, July 1-15, 1996, Vol. 8, No. 7, available at http://cobra.rdsor.ro/cursuri/cielab.pdf, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) over at least 30 cycles is compared to Control. It is desired to maintain a delta b* across the cycles constant.
• the laundry additive composition containing a gluconate chelants in combination with an additional chelant (including an aminocarboxylate chelant) and a carboxylate polymer outperforms the Controls due to the ability to control iron and other metals across the entire laundry process including alkaline pH where conventional chelants are not sufficiently stable, including while using a decreased concentration of the aminocarboxylate chelant.
• the order of addition of the laundry additive composition in relation to bleaching steps in a laundry process was evaluated.
• the testing staggered the bleach and laundry additive composition (described in Example 3) using a Tergotometer.
• Polyester swatches from Test Fabrics were be evaluated by reflectance using a Hunterlab Spectrophotometer. The whiteness and b* values were reported.
• the first set used a
• Condition 1 Condition 2: Condition 3:
• Laundry Additive Laundry Additive Laundry Additive Condition 4 No Composition before Composition and Composition after Laundry Additive Bleach Bleach together Bleach Composition
• Chlorine Bleach remove swatch Composition remove swatch rinse 5GPG cold rinse 5GPG cold mix 6min water mix 2min water remove swatch lay flat to dry remove swatch lay flat to dry rinse 5GPG cold rinse 5GPG cold
• FIG. 8 shows an increased benefit in adding the Laundry Additive Composition before the bleach step and although adding Laundry Additive Composition after the bleach does provide some whitening it is preferred to dose before or with the bleach based on the data demonstrating both magnitude and direction of discoloration.
• composition includes a combination of both chelants and polymers to allow dosage throughout all steps of the wash process for metal control. This evaluation confirms the benefit of employing a polymer in the composition.
• the laundry additive compositions demonstrate ability to control iron and other metals across all of the laundry process as demonstrated here at various pH ranges.
• the stability of the laundry additive compositions is important to enable dosing to various points in a laundry application and under various conditions (e.g. pH). This is significant and prior compositions containing phosphates were stable (pH efficacy and regardless whether chlorine was present) in acid to alkaline pHs and oxidizing steps in a laundry process.
• the laundry additive composition unexpectedly achieves the same stability due to the combination of the gluconate chelants (particularly suitable for high pH), additional chelants, namely aminocarboxylates (particularly suitable for lower pH), and carboxylate polymers (particularly suitable for oxidizing conditions).
• the "L” value is a measure of the white vs. black level of the textile; the higher the value the whiter the textile, the lower the more black.
• the "a” value is a measure of the level of red vs. green color of the textiles. The higher the value, the more red color is present in the textile; the lower the value the greener the textile appears.
• the "b” value measures the level of blue vs. yellow color of the textile, where the higher the value (+), the more yellow the textile; the lower (-) the value the more blue.
• the "WI" - Whiteness index value measures overall whiteness. The higher the number, the whiter the sample is. A change of 4 units in the scale is visible to the human eye.
• the "YI” - Yellowness index value measures overall yellowness that also takes the "b” value (blue vs. yellow) into account. The higher the number, the yellower the sample is.
• Table 7B As shown in Tables 7A-7B, Whiteness Index (WI), Yellow Index (YI) and b* values significantly improved after 29 washes from baseline towels labeled B. Towel 5 A values improved over 29 washes. The results of b* and YI values with the UV Filter OUT indicate the optical brighter has not been negatively affected by the washes. The b* and YI values have decreased, indicating less yellow over the 29 washes.
• WI Whiteness Index
• YI Yellow Index
• the data shows the importance of iron control in laundry applications using designed chelant compositions that do not result in deactivation of the polyacrylic acid polymers needed for water hardness control.
• the polyacrylic acid s are able to control water hardness and prevents any encrustation and/or buildup on equipment employed in the laundering process.
• EXAMPLE 7 Additional Field Whiteness Testing was conducted with a portable Kinolta Minolta spectrophotometer at various washes.
• the baseline testing used an EDTA chelant product for cleaning.
• the towels had been used at various customer accounts and therefore were in different conditions at the onsite.
• the testing was designed to show an improvement over multiple (29) cycles using the Laundry Additive Composition. As each customer account may use different water sources, pH, oxidizer chemistries and the like providing wide variation in the testing conditions the need for a Laundry Additive Composition that is compatible across all conditions for laundering is evident.
• Table 8 shows the whiteness testing from a customer site over 29 cycles.
• Table 9 shows the whiteness testing from an additional customer site over 29 cycles.
• FIG. 1 1 shows improved whiteness perft comparison to the baseline (no use Laundry Additive Composition).
• Table 10 shows the whiteness testing from a customer site.
• Table 11 shows the whiteness testing from a customer site.
• Table 12 shows the whiteness testing from a customer site.
• Table 13 shows the whiteness testing from a customer site.
• Target 10 1 ratio of water to linen weight - 250 g water for 12 swatches with 20 steels balls.
• Table 14 shows the factors analyzed where the activity on a gram/liter basis were matched.
• MGDA and sodium gluconate were used at equal active levels. The results of the change in whiteness index and the change in yellow index have similar trends. MGDA with iron was outperformed by all other chemistries. The results confirm the polyacrylic acid is disrupting the iron from depositing on the linen. Overall, the Acusol 445 combined with a gluconate salt and additional chelator performed well.
• FIG. 16 shows the measurement of change in yellowness (without UV) of the towel swatches evaluated according to the Yellowness index value measuring overall yellowness that also takes the "b" value (blue vs. yellow) into account.
• the results are also shown in Table 15.
• the samples with iron and no chelant/polymer package provided the greatest YI, indicating the most yellow sample.
• the use of a chelant and/or polymer alone was unable to sufficiently reduce the YI in the presence of iron. Table 15
• FIG. 17 shows the measurement of change in whiteness (without UV) of swatches evaluated to assess the impact of unchelated iron in preventing the polymers of the laundry additive composition from controlling the water hardness.
• the whiteness index value measures overall whiteness and the higher the number, the whiter the sample is. A result approximating zero is desired.
• the results are also shown in Table 16 and show that the combination of polymer, MGDA and gluconate without iron is the preferred embodiment as whiteness improved (positive value or final is greater than initial). All of the runs in Table 16 are in the presence of hard water (Water hardness: DI + 2.5g chelation soln (20GPG) (33.45g CaC12.2H20 + 23.24g MgC12.6H20)).
• FIG. 18 shows the measurement of whiteness (with and without iron) from the evaluated polymers and conditions according to the whiteness index value.
• WI with and without iron in the formulations are shown in the graph confirming the detrimental impact of iron on laundry substrates.
• FIG. 19 and Table 17 show the measurement of percentage of ash that is on the evaluated swatches as deposits as an indicator of cause of discoloration of treated substrates under the various evaluated conditions.
• the measurement of ash takes into account all deposits - both transition metal contaminants and alkaline earth metals (such as water hardness) deposits on the substrates.
• FIG. 20 and Table 18 show the measurement of concentration of calcium (mg/L) deposits on the substrate over 20 cycles of washing using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 21 and Table 19 show the measurement of concentration of magnesium (mg/L) deposits on the substrate over 20 cycles of washing using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• Magnesium contaminants less than about 500 ppm (mg/L) or preferably 300 ppm (mg/L) are preferred, which are achieved by the Laundry Additive Composition (Iron+Acusol 445 + MGDA + Gluconate).
• FIG. 22 and Table 20 show the measurement of concentration of iron (mg/L) over 20 cycles of washing using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources. Iron contaminants less than about 35 ppm (mg/L) are preferred, which are achieved by the Laundry Additive Composition (Iron+Acusol 445 + MGDA + Gluconate).
• FIG. 23 shows the measurement of percentage of ash that is on the evaluated swatches - with and without iron contaminants - as an indicator of cause of discoloration of treated substrates under various conditions of washing.
• FIG. 24 shows the measurement of concentration of calcium (mg/L) deposits on the substrate - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 25 shows the measurement of concentration of magnesium (mg/L) deposits on the substrate - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 26 shows the measurement of concentration of iron (mg/L) deposits on the substrate - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• FIG. 25 shows the measurement of concentration of calcium and magnesium (mg/L) deposits on the substrate - with and without iron contaminants - using various polymers and chelant conditions to assess impact of contaminated water and/or soil sources.
• the results shown here confirm the iron contaminants negatively impact the yellowness scores (and correspondingly the whiteness scores) of laundry substrates.

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