WO2019000940A1 - 光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法 - Google Patents

光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019000940A1
WO2019000940A1 PCT/CN2018/074573 CN2018074573W WO2019000940A1 WO 2019000940 A1 WO2019000940 A1 WO 2019000940A1 CN 2018074573 W CN2018074573 W CN 2018074573W WO 2019000940 A1 WO2019000940 A1 WO 2019000940A1
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electrode
electrode layer
layer
region
directing film
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PCT/CN2018/074573
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李文波
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019000940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019000940A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153Constructional details
    • G02F1/155Electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the light transmissive region or the discolored region in the electrochromic layer is in a grid shape.
  • the first electrode layer further includes a plurality of third electrode strips juxtaposed in the second direction, and the first electrode strip and the third electrode The electrode strips are connected such that the first electrode layer is configured to include a spacer and a grid electrode of the body located at a periphery of the spacer, and in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the first electrode layer, the interval The region coincides with the light transmissive region, and the body coincides with the discoloration region.
  • the first electrode layer further includes a plurality of third electrode strips juxtaposed in the second direction and disposed on the first electrode strip and the first An insulating layer between the three electrode strips, and the first of the electrochromic layers and the first voltage applied to the electrochromic layer in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the first electrode layer A portion corresponding to a region where the electrode strip and the third electrode strip overlap is the color-changing region, and other portions of the electrochromic layer are the light-transmitting regions.
  • the first electrode layer is configured as a nanograting
  • the nanograting includes a plurality of juxtaposed grating strips
  • the first electrode layer includes the The first electrode strip is configured as the grating strip.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of operating a display device according to any of the above embodiments, comprising: controlling an electrochromic layer in the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the color changing region A first voltage is applied such that the discolored area is in the dark state, and the display image of the display device is in an anti-spy state.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural view of an electrochromic layer in a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic structural view of a first electrode layer in a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3A is another schematic structural diagram of a first electrode layer in a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 9B is a cross-sectional view of the light directing film shown in Figure 9A taken along E-F.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light directing film, a display device, and a method of operating the same.
  • the light directing film comprises an electrochromic layer, the electrochromic layer being arranged to include alternating light transmissive regions and discolored regions, the discolored regions being switchable between a transparent state and a dark state.
  • the light directing film adjusts the direction of the light transmitted through the light directing film by controlling the electrochromic layer, and the viewing angle of the display device including the light directing film can be adjusted, so that the display device has an anti-spy function.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device including: a display panel, a backlight module, and a light directing film between the display panel and the backlight module; the light directing film includes an electrochromic layer, and the electrochromic layer The layer includes alternating light and color zones.
  • the light emitted by the backlight module passes through the light directing film and enters the display panel for image display.
  • the light transmissive and discolored regions in the electrochromic layer can define the distribution and direction of transmitted light such that the display device including the light directing film can define the viewing angle of the displayed image such that the display device has anti-spying capabilities.
  • the light directing film, the display device, and the method of operating the same according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in the display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, specific to the light directing film The structure is explained.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display device includes a display panel 100, a backlight module 200, and a light directing film 300 disposed between the display panel 100 and the backlight module 200.
  • the light directing film 300 includes an electrochromic layer 330, and electrochromic.
  • Layer 330 includes alternating color-changing regions 331 and light-transmissive regions 332 that are switchable between a transparent state and a dark state.
  • the backlight module 200 provides the display panel 100 with light for displaying an image.
  • the discolored area 331 in the electrochromic layer 330 can block the propagation of light in a dark state, so that the light incident into the light directing film 300 is transmitted from the light transmitting region 332.
  • the light is emitted from the light directing film 300 in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the light directing film 300 is located, that is, the light directing film 300 can define a display image.
  • the viewing angle (refer to the related description in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B) makes the display device have anti-spyware capability.
  • the electrochromic layer 330 can include an electrochromic material that can be switched between a transparent state and a dark state by applying a voltage to the electrochromic material in the discoloration zone 331.
  • the discolored region 331 is in a transparent state or a dark state is affected by the potential difference of the electric field in which it is located.
  • the voltage applied to the electrochromic layer can be broken, such that the potential difference of the electric field in which the discolored region 331 is located is zero; alternatively, a voltage can be applied to the discolored region 331.
  • the potential difference of the electric field at which the discolored area 331 is located may be substantially zero.
  • a first voltage is applied to the discolored area 331, the discolored area 331 is in a dark state; or a second pressure is applied to the discolored area 331, and the discolored area 331 is in a transparent state.
  • the potential difference of the electric field in which the discolored area 331 is located may be zero, or the potential difference is sufficiently small to cause the discolored area 331 to be in a transparent state.
  • the potential difference of the electric field in which the discolored area 331 is located is greater than zero or less than zero, and the potential difference (positive pressure difference or negative pressure difference) is sufficiently large that the discolored area 331 is in a dark state.
  • the specific numerical range of the first voltage and the second voltage may be set according to the specific properties of the material of the electrochromic layer, and at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the light directing film 300 further includes a first electrode layer 310 and a second electrode layer 320 disposed opposite to each other, and the electrochromic layer 330 is located between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 .
  • the color-changing region 331 and the light-transmitting region 332 in the electrochromic layer 330 are alternately disposed, and after the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 are configured to apply the first voltage to the electrochromic layer 330, the electrochromic layer 330
  • the discolored area 331 is in a dark state. After the first voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer 330, the discolored area 331 is switched from the dark state to the transparent state.
  • the potential difference of the electric field in which the electrochromic layer is located is determined by the voltage on the first electrode layer 310 and the voltage on the second electrode layer 320, when the voltage on the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer When the voltages on 320 are equal, the potential difference between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 is zero; when the voltage on the first electrode layer 310 and the voltage on the second electrode layer 320 are not equal, the first electrode The potential difference between layer 310 and second electrode layer 320 is not equal to zero.
  • the relationship between the faces of the respective structures (for example, the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, the electrochromic layer, and the like) in the light directing film is not limited, and the faces of the respective structures may be parallel to each other. They may also be non-parallel to each other as long as the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may apply a voltage to the electrochromic layer.
  • the technical solutions in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described by taking the planes in which the respective structures in the light directing film are parallel to each other as an example. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the faces of the first electrode layer 310, the second electrode layer 320, and the electrochromic layer 300 are all parallel to each other, and correspondingly perpendicular to the direction of the face of the light directing film 300 and perpendicular to The direction in which the first electrode layer 310 is located is the same.
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic view showing the structure of a light directing film in the display device shown in FIG. 1A in a sharing mode.
  • the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 are disconnected from the voltage applied to the electrochromic layer 330, and the electrochromic layer 330 is in a transparent state (the discolored region 331 and the transparent region 332 are both transparent).
  • the light directing film 300 does not affect the propagation direction of the emitted light of the backlight module 200, that is, the light directing film 300 does not reduce the viewing angle of the display device, and the display device is in a shared state.
  • the distribution of the color-changing region 310 and the light-transmitting region 320 in the electrochromic layer 330, that is, the color-changing region 310 is controlled by an electric field formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320.
  • the division of the light transmissive region 320 is related to the distribution and structure of the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320.
  • the structure of the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 in the respective states will be described below for different operating states (different anti-seeding modes) of the light directing film 300.
  • the discolored area 331 and the light transmissive area 332 of the electrochromic layer 330 are strip-shaped, and the discolored area 331 and the light transmissive area 332 are distributed along the first direction.
  • the viewing angle of the light directing film 300 is narrowed, and the display device can be displayed in a direction parallel to the X axis. The angle of view of the image.
  • the first electrode strip 311 has a region corresponding to the first electrode strip 311 in the electrochromic layer 330 from a transparent state to a dark state, and after the first electrode strip 331 is disconnected from the voltage, the region is deep.
  • the color state changes to a transparent state, so the region is a discolored region 331, which can be switched between a transparent state and a dark state.
  • the first electrode layer 310 includes a plurality of first electrode strips 311 and a spacing region between adjacent first electrode strips 311, the spacing regions defining the position of the light transmitting regions 332 in the electrochromic layer 330.
  • the orthographic projection of the light transmissive region 332 in the electrochromic layer 330 coincides with the orthographic projection of the spacer region in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the light directing film 300 is located.
  • the viewing angle of the light directing film can be adjusted by selection of the first electrode strip to which the voltage is applied.
  • the discolored region corresponds to a first electrode strip that applies a first voltage to the electrochromic layer
  • the other portion of the electrochromic layer is a light transmissive region
  • the first electrode layer is configured to pass
  • the selection of the first electrode strip applying a first voltage to the electrochromic layer is to adjust the ratio of the color change zone to the light transmissive zone. In this way, the viewing angle of the display device can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • FIG. 3A is another schematic structural diagram of a first electrode layer in a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a position corresponding to the discolored area 331 and the light transmitting area 332 of the electrochromic layer 330 is provided with a first electrode strip 311, and portions of the first electrode layer 310 are mutually
  • the adjacent first electrode strip 311 applies a voltage V, such that a portion of the electrochromic layer 330 corresponding to the first electrode strip 311 to which the voltage V is applied is a discolored area 331, and other portions of the electrochromic layer 330 (for example, electricity)
  • the portion of the discoloration layer 330 corresponding to the first electrode strip 311 to which the voltage V is not applied is the light transmission region 332, so the distribution of the discoloration region 331 and the light transmission region 332 in the electrochromic layer 330 is performed by the pair of first electrode strips.
  • the discoloration area 331 occupies a large proportion in the electrochromic layer 330, and the viewing angle of the display device is small.
  • the light-transmitting region 332 occupies a large proportion in the electrochromic layer 330, and the viewing angle of the display device is large.
  • FIG. 3B is a micrograph of the A region shown in FIG. 3A, wherein FIGS. 3B(1) and 3B(3) are schematic diagrams showing the distribution of the first electrode strip 311 in the first electrode layer 310, and showing the application of voltage.
  • the two selected ranges of the first electrode strip 311, FIG. 3B (2) and FIG. 3B (4) are the distribution of the discolored area 331 and the transparent area 332 of the above two options, FIG. 3B (2) and FIG. 3B (1)
  • FIG. 3B (4) corresponds to FIG. 3B (3).
  • the selection range of the first electrode strip 311 for applying a voltage is different in FIGS. 3B(1) and 3B(3), and correspondingly, the discolored area 331 in FIG.
  • the ratio of the color-changing region 331 and the light-transmitting region 332 can be adjusted by the selection of the first electrode strip 311 to which the voltage is applied in the first electrode layer 310, so that the light-aligning film 300 can be made The function of adjusting the angle of view in the anti-spy state.
  • the viewing angle of the light directing film in the above embodiment is narrowed in a direction parallel to the X axis, as long as a voltage is applied to the first electrode strip, in a direction perpendicular to the first electrode layer
  • the second electrode layer is configured to form an electric field with the first electrode strip to which the voltage is applied, and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the specific structure of the second electrode layer.
  • the second electrode layer may be a planar electrode; or the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode strips juxtaposed in the first direction, and is perpendicular to the first electrode layer In the direction of the face, the projection of the second electrode strip on the face of the first electrode layer coincides with the first electrode strip.
  • the light directing film 300 is not limited to narrowing the viewing angle of the display device in a direction parallel to the X-axis.
  • the technical solution in at least one of the following embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by taking the light directing film 300 as an example in which the viewing angle of the display device is narrowed in a direction parallel to the X axis and parallel to the Y axis.
  • the first electrode strip 311 in the first electrode layer 310 is a structure as shown in FIG. 2B
  • FIG. 4B is a second electrode layer in the light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the second electrode layer 320 includes a plurality of second electrode strips 321 arranged side by side in the second direction.
  • the second electrode strip 321 and the discoloration area 331 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode strip 321 on the surface of the first electrode layer 310 and the orthographic projection of the discolored area 331 on the surface of the first electrode layer 310 coincide. .
  • the first electrode strip 311 and the second electrode strip 321 are respectively in a first direction (for example, a direction parallel to the Y axis in FIG. 4B) and a second direction (for example, a figure). 4B in a direction parallel to the X-axis) intersect to form a plurality of overlapping regions.
  • a first direction for example, a direction parallel to the Y axis in FIG. 4B
  • a second direction for example, a figure
  • a portion of the electrochromic layer 330 corresponding to the overlapping region is a color changing region 331, and the other portion of the electrochromic layer 330 is a light transmitting region 332.
  • the first electrode layer 310 as shown in FIG. 2B and the second electrode layer 320 as shown in FIG. 4B can change the electrochromic layer 330 to the structure shown in FIG. 4A after voltage application.
  • the arrangement direction of the second electrode strips 321 in the second electrode layer 320 is not limited as long as the two intersect in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the light directing film 300 is located.
  • the technical solution in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described by taking the direction parallel to the X-axis in FIG. 4B as the second direction as an example.
  • the first electrode strip 311 in the first electrode layer 310 is a structure as shown in FIG. 3A
  • FIG. 4C is a second electrode layer in the light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4C Another structural diagram.
  • a voltage can be selectively applied to the plurality of first electrode strips 311 in the second electrode layer 320, so that the light directing film 300 can have a function of adjustable viewing angle in the anti-spy state.
  • FIG. 5 is another schematic structural view of an electrochromic layer in a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the light-transmitting regions 332 in the electrochromic layer 330 may be in an array, and the light-transmitting regions 332 are surrounded by a color-changing region 331.
  • the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 may be configured such that after applying a voltage to the electrochromic layer 330, the discolored regions 331 in the electrochromic layer 330 are distributed in a grid shape. .
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural view of a first electrode layer in a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first electrode layer 310 further includes a plurality of third electrode strips juxtaposed in a second direction (for example, a direction parallel to the X axis), and the first electrode strip 311 (not shown) and A third electrode strip (not shown in the drawing, which may be referred to the third electrode strip 312 in FIG. 7A) communicates such that the first electrode layer 310 is configured to include a spacer 3102 and a grid of the body 3101 located at the periphery of the spacer 3102.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of a macroscopic structure of a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7B only shows an electrode for applying a voltage in the first electrode layer
  • FIG. 7B is Fig. 7A is a schematic view showing the microstructure of the B region in the light directing film
  • Fig. 7C is a sectional view taken along line MN of the light directing film shown in Fig. 7A.
  • the first electrode layer 310 further includes a plurality of third electrode strips 312 arranged side by side in a second direction (for example, a direction parallel to the X axis), and are disposed on the first electrode strips 311 and third.
  • the corresponding portion is the color changing region 331, and the other portion in the electrochromic layer 330 is the light transmitting region 332.
  • the specific structure of the second electrode layer 320 is not limited, and may be set as a planar electrode or may be configured as the first electrode layer 310 .
  • the structure may be such that the second electrode layer 320 can form an electric field with each of the first electrode strip 311 or the third electrode strip 312 to which a voltage is applied in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first electrode layer 310.
  • a voltage is selectively applied to the first electrode strip 311 and the third electrode strip 312 in the first electrode layer 310, and the first electrode strip 311 and the first applied electrode strip in the electrochromic layer 330 are applied.
  • At least one corresponding portion of the three electrode strips 312 is a color changing region (not shown in the drawing, referring to the color changing region 331 shown in FIG. 5), and the other portion in the electrochromic layer 330 is the light transmitting region 332.
  • the discolored area 331 and the light transmissive area 332 in the electrochromic layer 330 can be made to have the structure shown in FIG.
  • the first electrode strip 311 and the third electrode strip 312 in the first electrode layer 310 are spaced apart by the insulating layer 313, so that by selectively applying a voltage to the first electrode strip 311, it is possible to control
  • the color-changing region 331 in the electrochromic layer 330 is in a width parallel to the X-axis direction; and by selectively applying a voltage to the third electrode strip 312, the color-changing region 331 in the electrochromic layer 330 can be controlled to be parallel to Y.
  • the width in the axial direction, and the insulation between the first electrode strip 311 and the third electrode strip 312, the width variation of the discolored area 331 in the direction parallel to the X-axis and parallel to the Y-axis direction can be independently controlled, that is, By adjusting the voltage applied on the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, the ratio of the discolored region 331 and the light transmissive region 332 in the electrochromic layer 330 can be adjusted so that the display including the photo-alignment film 300 is included.
  • the device has a function of adjustable viewing angle in the anti-spy state.
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic structural diagram of a light directing film in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display device may further include a controller 400 coupled to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320; the controller 400 is configured to control application in the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320.
  • the voltage is such that the discolored area 331 switches between a transparent state and a dark state.
  • FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram of a controller controlling a voltage applied to a first electrode layer in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the controller 400 controls the applied voltage on the first electrode strip 311 shown in FIG. 3B (1) as an example, and each of the first electrode strips 311 is respectively connected to the controller 400 through a lead, so that The controller 400 can control the voltage on each of the first electrode strips 300.
  • the controller 400 can not only switch the display device between the shared state and the anti-seep state, but also adjust the viewing angle of the display device in the anti-spy state.
  • the controller 400 is not limited to being set to one, and may be set to two or more.
  • the first electrode strip 311 corresponding to the color changing area 331 of the first electrode layer 310 may be electrically connected to a controller 400, and the first electrode strip 311 corresponding to the light transmitting area 332 of the first electrode layer 310 may be electrically The signal is connected to another controller 400, or only the first electrode strip 311 corresponding to the color changing area 331 is signally connected to the controller 400.
  • the first electrode layer 310 is taken as an example, and the specific connection manner of the electrode strips of the controller 400 and the first electrode layer 310, such as the first electrode strip 311, is not limited, as long as the controller 400 allows the light directing film 300 to lower the viewing angle and enables the display device to have an anti-spy state.
  • the electrochromic material in the electrochromic layer 330 may be in a liquid state.
  • the first substrate 340 and The second substrate 350 is opposed to the cartridge to sandwich the electrochromic layer 330 therebetween.
  • a defining layer may be disposed in the electrochromic layer to divide the electrochromic material therein and to limit the electrochromic material.
  • gravity or pressure may cause the electrochromic material to flow under the condition of tilting or squeezing, etc., so that the electrochromic layer is unevenly distributed, affecting the discolored area and the transparent area in the electrochromic layer.
  • FIG. 9A is another schematic structural view of an electrochromic layer in a light directing film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Only the electrochromic layer 330 and the defining layer 500 are shown in FIG. 9A; FIG. 9B is the light shown in FIG. 9A. A cross-sectional view of the oriented film along EF. The arrangement of the electrochromic layer in Figures 9A and 9B is as shown in Figure 4A.
  • the defining layer may be as long as the position of the electrochromic layer can be defined, and the specific distribution of the defining layer is not limited.
  • a defining layer 500 is disposed in the electrochromic layer 330.
  • the first electrode strip 311 can be disposed as shown in FIG. 2B, and the second electrode strip 321 can be disposed as shown in FIG. 4B.
  • the defining layer 500 may be disposed primarily or entirely in the light transmissive region 332, and the effect of the defining layer 500 on the discolored region 331 may be reduced.
  • the specific arrangement of the defining layer 500 can be designed according to the distribution of the light transmitting region 332 and the color changing region 331 in the electrochromic layer 330, the distribution of the first electrode strip 311 and the second electrode strip 321, and the like, in the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment is not limited herein.
  • the preparation material of the defining layer may include a transparent material.
  • the preparation material of the defining layer may include one or a combination of a transparent resin such as epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate.
  • the defining layer 500 may be disposed to have a certain elasticity, such that the defining layer 500 may support a space between the first substrate 340 and the second substrate 350, which may further improve the uniformity of the electrochromic distribution. Further improving the performance of the photo-alignment film 300.
  • the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 in the light directing film 300 may be transparent electrodes such that light may pass through the light directing film 300.
  • the transparent electrode layer preparation material may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), aluminum oxide zinc (AZO) and carbon nanotubes.
  • the first electrode layer 310 or the second electrode layer 320 in the light directing film 300 may be configured as a wire grid polarization structure, and thus, instead of the display panel 100 as shown in FIG. 1A, A polarizer in the middle.
  • the first electrode layer 310 may be configured as a nano grating, and the nano grating may include a plurality of juxtaposed grating strips.
  • the first electrode strip 310 includes a first electrode strip 311 that may be configured. It is a raster strip.
  • the first electrode strip 311 in the first electrode layer 310 in the light directing film 300 is not limited to being set as a grating strip, for example, the second in the light directing film 300.
  • the second electrode strip 321 in the electrode layer 320 or the third electrode strip 312 in the first electrode layer 310 may also be configured as a grating strip in the nano-grating.
  • the structure of the photo-alignment film 300 can be configured as a nano-grating, which can be selected according to an actual process, and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.
  • the preparation material of the grating strip of the nano grating may be a non-transparent conductive material, for example, may be a copper-based metal, for example, copper (Cu), copper-molybdenum alloy (Cu/Mo), copper-titanium alloy (Cu/Ti), copper.
  • a copper-based metal for example, copper (Cu), copper-molybdenum alloy (Cu/Mo), copper-titanium alloy (Cu/Ti), copper.
  • Molybdenum-titanium alloy Cu/Mo/Ti
  • copper-molybdenum-tungsten alloy Cu/Mo/W
  • copper-molybdenum-niobium alloy Cu/Mo/Nb
  • the grating strip can also be made of a chromium-based metal, for example , chromium-molybdenum alloy (Cr/Mo), chrome-titanium alloy (Cr/Ti), chromium-molybdenum-titanium alloy (Cr/Mo/Ti), etc.
  • the grating strip can also be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, etc.
  • Preparation materials include, but are not limited to.
  • the specific structure of the display panel 100 in the display device shown in FIG. 1A is not limited.
  • the display device is a liquid crystal display device.
  • the display panel 100 in the display device may be a liquid crystal display panel, including an array substrate and an opposite substrate, which are opposed to each other to form a liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal cell is filled with a liquid crystal material.
  • the opposite substrate is, for example, a color filter substrate.
  • the pixel electrode of each pixel unit of the array substrate is used to apply an electric field to control the degree of rotation of the liquid crystal material to perform a display operation.
  • the specific structure of the backlight module 200 in the display device shown in FIG. 1A is not limited.
  • the display module 200 may include a light guide plate and a light source, and the light source may be set as, for example, a direct type light source or a side input type light source or the like.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for operating a display device.
  • the display device may refer to the related description in the foregoing embodiments, and the specific structure of the display device is not described herein.
  • the voltage applied to the electrochromic layer in the discoloration region by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is broken to cause the discolored region to switch back to the transparent state and cause display
  • the display image of the device is in a shared state.
  • the method in which the display device can realize the shared state can include: breaking the voltage applied by the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 to the electrochromic layer 330 in the color changing region 331 to switch the color changing region 331 back to the transparent state, and electro-induced The color changing layer 330 does not block the light incident into the light directing film 330, and thus, the display image of the display device is in a shared state.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light directing film, a display device, and a method of operating the same, and may have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light directing film, a display device, and an operating method thereof, wherein the electrochromic layer in the light directing film includes alternating color-changing regions and light-transmitting regions, which can reduce the viewing angle of the light directing film.
  • the display device including the light directing film has an anti-spy function.
  • the color change region in the electrochromic layer may be switched between a dark state and a transparent state, so that the display device including the light directing film may be in a sneak peek Switch between state and shared state.
  • the ratio of the discolored area and the light transmissive area in the electrochromic layer may be adjusted, so that the display device including the photo-aligning film is in your anti-spy state It has the function of adjusting the angle of view.
  • an electrode such as a first electrode layer in the light directing film may be configured as a nano grating, so that the display panel can omit one polarizing plate, reduce the thickness of the display device, simplify the preparation process, and reduce cost.

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Abstract

一种光定向膜(330)、显示装置及其操作方法。光定向膜(300)包括:电致变色层(330),电致变色层(330)设置为包括交替设置的透光区(332)和变色区(331),变色区(331)在透明态和深色态之间为可切换。光定向膜(300)通过控制电致变色层(330)来调节透过光定向膜(300)的光线的方向,可以调节包括光定向膜(300)的显示装置的视角,使得显示装置具有防窥功能。

Description

光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法
本申请要求于2017年6月26日递交的中国专利申请第201710496159.0号的优先权,在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开至少一个实施例涉及一种光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法。
背景技术
电子产品在人类生活中占的比重越来越大,用户在享受信息资源的同时,也面临信息泄露的危险,所以对于电子产品在防窥方面的功能,用户的要求越来越高。
发明内容
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种光定向膜,包括:电致变色层,所述电致变色层设置为可包括交替设置的透光区和变色区,所述变色区在透明态和深色态之间为可切换。
例如,本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜还包括:相对设置的第一电极层和第二电极层,所述电致变色层位于所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间,并且在所述变色区中,所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为对所述电致变色层施加第一电压之后,所述电致变色层为所述深色态,在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为对所述电致变色层施加第二电压之后,所述变色区由所述深色态切换回所述透明态。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第一电极层包括多个沿第一方向并列设置的第一电极条。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述透光区和所述变色区为条形。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第一电极条与所述变色区一一对应,并且所述第一电极条在所述第一电极层所在面上 的正投影与所述变色区在所述第一电极层所在面上的正投影重合。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述变色区与向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条对应,所述电致变色层的其他部分为所述透光区,并且所述第一电极层配置为通过对向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条的选择以调整所述变色区和所述透光区的比例。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第二电极层为面状电极;或者所述第二电极层包括多个沿所述第一方向并列设置的第二电极条,并且在垂直于所述第一电极层所在面的方向上,所述第二电极条在所述第一电极层所在面上的投影与所述第一电极条重合。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第二电极层包括多个沿第二方向并列设置的第二电极条,以及所述第一方向和所述第二方向相交以形成多个交叠区域,并且所述电致变色层的与所述交叠区域对应的部分为所述变色区,所述电致变色层的其它部分为所述透光区。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第二电极条与所述变色区一一对应,并且所述第二电极条在所述第一电极层所在面上的正投影与所述变色区在所述第一电极层所在面上的正投影重合。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为通过对向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第二电极条的选择以调整所述变色区和所述透光区的比例。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述电致变色层中的所述透光区或者所述变色区为网格状。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第一电极层还包括多个沿第二方向并列设置的第三电极条,并且所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条连通以使得所述第一电极层配置为包括间隔区以及位于所述间隔区外围的本体的网格状电极,并且在垂直于所述第一电极层所在面的方向上,所述间隔区与所述透光区重合,所述本体与所述变色区重合。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第一电极层还包括多个沿第二方向并列设置的第三电极条以及设置于所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条之间的绝缘层,并且在垂直于所述第一电极层所在面的 方向上,所述电致变色层中与向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条重叠的区域所对应的部分为所述变色区,并且所述电致变色层中的其它部分为所述透光区。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述电致变色层中与向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第三电极中的至少一个对应的部分为所述变色区,所述电致变色层的其他部分为所述透光区,并且所述第一电极层配置为通过对向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条的选择以调整所述变色区和所述透光区的比例。
例如,本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜还可以包括:与所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层信号连接的控制器;其中,所述控制器配置为控制所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层中的施加电压以使得所述变色区在透明态和深色态之间切换。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层为透明电极。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,所述第一电极层配置为纳米光栅,所述纳米光栅包括多个并列的光栅条,并且所述第一电极层包括的所述第一电极条配置为所述光栅条。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种显示装置,包括:显示面板、背光模组以及上述任一实施例中的光定向膜;其中,所述光定向膜位于所述显示面板和所述背光模组之间。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种根据上述任一实施例中的显示装置的操作方法,包括:控制所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层向所述变色区中的电致变色层施加第一电压以使得所述变色区为所述深色态,并且使得所述显示装置的显示图像为防窥态。
例如,本公开至少一个实施例提供的操作方法还可以包括:控制所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层向所述变色区中的电致变色层施加第二电压以使得所述变色区切换回透明态,并使得所述显示装置的显示图像为共享态。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例,而非对本发明的限制。
图1A为本公开一个实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图;
图1B为图1A所示显示装置中的光定向膜在防窥模式下的结构示意图;
图1C为图1A所示显示装置中的光定向膜在共享模式下的结构示意图;
图2A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的一种结构示意图;
图2B为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第一电极层的一种结构示意图;
图3A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第一电极层的另一种结构示意图;
图3B为图3A所示A区域的微观图;
图4A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的另一种结构示意图;
图4B为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第二电极层的一种结构示意图;
图4C为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第二电极层的另一种结构示意图;
图5为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的另一种结构示意图;
图6为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第一电极层的另一种结构示意图;
图7A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜的一种宏观结构示意图;
图7B为图7A所示光定向膜中B区域的微观结构示意图;
图7C为图7A所示光定向膜的沿M-N的截面图;
图8A为本公开一个实施例提供的显示装置中光定向膜的一种结构示意图;
图8B为本公开一个实施例提供的显示装置中控制器控制第一电极层 的施加电压的示意图;
图9A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的另一种结构示意图;以及
图9B为图9A所示的光定向膜沿E-F的截面图。
附图标记:
100-显示面板;200-背光模组;300-光定向膜;310-第一电极层;3101-本体;3102-间隔区;311-第一电极条;312-第三电极条;313-绝缘层;320-第二电极层;321-第二电极条;330-电致变色层;331-变色区;332-透光区;340-第一基板;350-第二基板;400-控制器;500-界定层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另外定义,本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同,而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接,而是可以包括电性的连接,不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后,则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
本公开至少一个实施例提供了一种光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法。该光定向膜包括电致变色层,电致变色层设置为包括交替设置的透光区和变色区,变色区在透明态和深色态之间为可切换。光定向膜通过控制电致变色层来调节透过光定向膜的光线的方向,可以调节包括光定向膜的显示装置的视角,使得显示装置具有防窥功能。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种显示装置,该显示装置包括:显示面 板、背光模组以及位于显示面板和背光模组之间的光定向膜;光定向膜包括电致变色层,电致变色层包括交替设置的透光区和变色区。在本公开至少一个实施例中,背光模组发射的光线经过光定向膜后进入显示面板中,以进行图像显示。电致变色层中的透光区和变色区可以限定透过光的分布及方向,从而使得包括光定向膜的显示装置可以限定显示图像的视角,使得显示装置具有防窥能力。
下面将结合附图对根据本公开至少一个实施例中的光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法进行详细的描述,并且在本公开至少一个实施例提供的显示装置中,对光定向膜的具体化结构进行说明。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种显示装置,图1A为本公开一个实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图。例如图1A所示,显示装置包括显示面板100、背光模组200以及设置于显示面板100和背光模组200之间的光定向膜300,光定向膜300包括电致变色层330,电致变色层330包括交替设置的变色区331和透光区332,变色区331在透明态和深色态之间为可切换。背光模组200向显示面板100提供显示图像的光线,电致变色层330中的变色区331在深色状态下可以遮挡光线的传播,使得射入光定向膜300中的光线从透光区332射出,与背光模组200的出射光线相比,从光定向膜300中出射的光线的传播方向更趋向于垂直于所述光定向膜300所在面的方向,即光定向膜300可以限定显示图像的视角(可以参考图1B所示实施例中的相关说明),使得显示装置具有防窥能力。例如,电致变色层330可以包括电致变色材料,通过向变色区331中的电致变色材料施加电压,变色区331即可以在透明态和深色态之间切换。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,电致变色层的材料可以包括二氧化铱、三氧化铱、三氧化钨、聚噻吩类及其衍生物、紫罗碱类、四硫富瓦烯或金属酞菁类化合物等,本公开至少一个实施例包括但不限于此。
需要说明的是,变色区331为透明态还是深色态受其所处的电场的电势差影响。例如,在变色区331为透明态的情况下,可以断开向电致变色层施加的电压,如此,变色区331所处的电场的电势差为零;或者,也可以向变色区331施加电压,但是变色区331所处的电场的电势差可能基本为零。
示例性的,向变色区331施加第一电压,变色区331为深色态;或者 向变色区331施加第二压,变色区331为透明态。例如,在施加第二电压的情况下,变色区331所在的电场的电势差可以为零,或者该电势差足够小以使得变色区331为透明态。例如,在施加第一电压的情况下,变色区331所在的电场的电势差大于零或者小于零,且该电势差(正压差或者负压差)足够大,以使得变色区331为深色态。第一电压和第二电压的具体数值范围可以根据电致变色层的材料的具体性质设定,本公开至少一个实施例对此不做限制。
下面,以变色区331所处的电场的电势差等于零或者不等于零为基准,对变色区331的状态进行判定。以变色区331为透明态,则变色区331所在的电场的电势差为零,且变色区331为透明态,则变色区331所在的电场的电势差不等于零为例,对本公开下述至少一个实施例中的技术方案进行说明。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,光定向膜还包括相对设置的第一电极层和第二电极层,电致变色层位于第一电极层和第二电极层之间,并且在变色区中,第一电极层和第二电极层配置为对电致变色层施加第一电压之后,电致变色层为深色态,在第一电极层和第二电极层配置为对电致变色层施加第二电压之后,变色区由深色态切换回透明态。示例性的,如图1A所示,光定向膜300还包括相对设置的第一电极层310和第二电极层320,电致变色层330位于第一电极层310和第二电极层320之间,电致变色层330中的变色区331和透光区332交替设置,并且第一电极层310和第二电极层320配置为对电致变色层330施加第一电压之后,电致变色层330中的变色区331为深色态,对电致变色层330施加第一电压之后,变色区331由深色态切换回透明态。通过第一电极层310和第二电极层320对电致变色层330施加第一电压或者第二电压使得变色区331可以在深色态和透明态之间切换,从而使得光定向膜300可以在透明态和深色态之间切换,使得显示装置可以在防窥态和共享态之间切换。
需要说明的是,电致变色层所处的电场的电势差由第一电极层310上的电压和第二电极层320上的电压共同决定,当第一电极层310上的电压和第二电极层320上的电压相等时,第一电极层310和第二电极层320之间的电势差为零;当第一电极层310上的电压和第二电极层320上的电压不相等时,第一电极层310和第二电极层320之间的电势差不等于零。下 面,以向第一电极层310和第二电极层320中的至少一个施加电压或者未施加电压为基准,对本公开下述至少一个实施例中的变色区331的状态进行判定。示例性的,向与变色区331对应的第一电极层310和/或第二电极层320施加电压,则变色区331所处的电场的电势差不等于零,变色区331为深色态;或者,断开与变色区331对应的第一电极层310和第二电极层320上的电压,则变色区331所处的电场的电势差等于零,变色区331为透明态。
在本公开至少一个实施例中,对光定向膜中的各结构(例如第一电极层、第二电极层和电致变色层等)所在面的关系不做限制,各结构所在面可以彼此平行也可以彼此不平行,只要第一电极层和第二电极层可以向电致变色层施加电压即可。下面,以光定向膜中的各结构所在的面相互平行为例,对本公开下述至少一个实施例中的技术方案进行说明。例如,如图1A所示,第一电极层310、第二电极层320以及电致变色层300所在的面都是相互平行的,相应地,垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向与垂直于第一电极层310所在面的方向是相同的。
图1B为图1A所示显示装置中的光定向膜在防窥模式下的结构示意图。例如图1B所示,第一电极层310和第二电极层320对电致变色层330施加电压(对电致变色层330中的变色区331施加电压),电致变色层330中的变色区331变为深色态,透光区332为透明态,背光模组200发射的部分光线(例如传播方向与垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向之间的夹角过大的光线)被变色区331遮挡,只有传播方向趋向于垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向的光线可以透过透光区332,从而缩小了光定向膜300的视角,使得显示装置具有防窥能力。
图1C为图1A所示显示装置中的光定向膜在共享模式下的结构示意图。例如图1C所示,第一电极层310和第二电极层320断开向电致变色层330施加的电压,电致变色层330为透明态(变色区331和透光区332都为透明态),光定向膜300不会影响背光模组200的发射光线的传播方向,即光定向膜300不会缩小显示装置的视角,显示装置为共享态。
在本公开至少一个实施例中,通过在第一电极层310和第二电极层320之间形成的电场来控制电致变色层330中变色区310和透光区320的分布,即变色区310和透光区320的划分与第一电极层310和第二电极层320的 分布和结构相关。下面针对光定向膜300不同的工作状态(不同的防窥模式),分别对相应状态下的第一电极层310和第二电极层320的结构进行说明。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,光定向膜300可以实现一个方向上的防窥,图2A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的一种结构示意图。为便于对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行说明,以光定向膜300所在面的平面为基准,建立如图2A中的X-Y坐标系,并且在本公开下述至少一个实施例中,以平行于Y轴的方向为第一方向。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,例如图2A所示,电致变色层330的变色区331和透光区332为条形,并且变色区331和透光区332沿第一方向分布。如此,在平行于X轴的方向(与第一方向平行且与光定向膜300所在面平行的方向)上,光定向膜300的视角变窄,显示装置在平行于X轴的方向可以缩小显示图像的视角。
图2B为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第一电极层的一种结构示意图。在本公开至少一个实施例中,如图2B所示,第一电极层310可以包括多个沿第一方向并列设置的第一电极条311。例如,第一电极条311和变色区331一一对应,并且第一电极条311在第一电极层310所在面上的正投影和变色区331在第一电极层310所在面上的正投影重合。如此,第一电极条311可以限定变色区331设置的区域。例如,第一电极条311在施加电压之后,电致变色层330中与第一电极条311对应的区域由透明态变为深色态,第一电极条331断开电压之后,该区域由深色态变为透明态,所以该区域即为变色区331,可以在透明态和深色态之间切换。相对应的,第一电极层310中包括多个第一电极条311以及位于相邻第一电极条311之间的间隔区域,该间隔区域限定电致变色层330中的透光区332的位置,在垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向上,电致变色层330中的透光区332的正投影和该间隔区域的正投影重合。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,在光定向膜为防窥模式的情况下,可以通过对施加电压的第一电极条的选择来调节光定向膜的视角。例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,变色区与向电致变色层施加第一电压的第一电极条对应,电致变色层的其他部分为透光区,并且第一电极层配置为通过对向电致变色层施加第一电压的第一电极条的选择以调整变色区和透光 区的比例。如此,可以根据实际需求调节显示装置的视角。
图3A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第一电极层的另一种结构示意图。例如图3A所示,在光定向膜300中,与电致变色层330的变色区331和透光区332对应的位置都设置有第一电极条311,对第一电极层310中的部分彼此相邻的第一电极条311施加电压V,如此,电致变色层330中与施加电压V的第一电极条311对应的部分为变色区331,电致变色层330中的其它部分(例如电致变色层330的与未施加电压V的第一电极条311对应的部分)为透光区332,所以电致变色层330中的变色区331和透光区332的分布由对第一电极条311施加电压的选择来决定。例如,在施加电压的第一电极条311的数量大于未施加电压的第一电极条311的数量的情况下,变色区331在电致变色层330中占的比例大,显示装置的视角较小;在施加电压的第一电极条311的数量小于未施加电压的第一电极条311的数量的情况下,透光区332在电致变色层330中占的比例大,显示装置的视角较大。
图3B为图3A所示A区域的微观图,其中,图3B(1)和图3B(3)为第一电极层310中的第一电极条311的分布示意图,并且示出对施加电压的第一电极条311的两种选择范围,图3B(2)和图3B(4)为上述两种选择下变色区331和透光区332的分布,图3B(2)与图3B(1)相对应,图3B(4)与图3B(3)相对应。例如图3B所示,图3B(1)和图3B(3)中对施加电压的第一电极条311的选择范围不同,相应的,图3B(2)和图3B(4)中变色区331和透光区332所占的比例也不同。因此,在本公开至少一个实施例中,通过对第一电极层310中的施加电压的第一电极条311的选择可以调整变色区331和透光区332的比例,可以使得光定向膜300在防窥状态下具有调节视角的功能。
需要说明的是,对于上述实施例中的光定向膜在平行于X轴的方向上视角变窄的情况,只要在第一电极条施加电压的情况下,在垂直于第一电极层的方向上,第二电极层配置为可以与施加电压的第一电极条之间形成电场即可,本公开的实施例对第二电极层的具体结构不做限制。例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,第二电极层可以为面状电极;或者第二电极层包括多个沿第一方向并列设置的第二电极条,并且在垂直于第一电极层所在面的方向上,第二电极条在第一电极层所在面上的投影与第一电极条重 合。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,光定向膜300不限于使得显示装置在平行于X轴的方向的视角变窄。下面,以光定向膜300可以使得显示装置在平行于X轴和平行于Y轴的方向的视角变窄为例,对本公开下述至少一个实施例中的技术方案进行说明。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,图4A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的另一种结构示意图。例如图4A所示,电致变色层330中的变色区331为阵列分布,变色区331的周围为透光区332。图4A所示的变色区331可以在X轴和Y轴方向上对背光模组200出射的部分光线(传播方向与垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向之间的夹角过大的光线)进行遮挡,从而可以使得显示装置在X轴方向和Y轴方向上都具有防窥的功能。
下面,以前述实施例中的第一电极层310包括沿第一方向并列设置的第一电极条311为例,对本公开下述至少一个实施例中的技术方案进行说明。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,第一电极层310中的第一电极条311为如图2B所示的结构,图4B为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第二电极层的一种结构示意图。例如图4B所示,第二电极层320包括多个沿第二方向并列设置的第二电极条321。例如,第二电极条321和变色区331一一对应,并且第二电极条321在第一电极层310所在面上的正投影和变色区331在第一电极层310所在面上的正投影重合。如此,在垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向上,第一电极条311和第二电极条321分别在第一方向(例如图4B中与Y轴平行的方向)和第二方向(例如图4B中与X轴平行的方向)相交以形成多个交叠区域,第一电极条311和第二电极条321施加电压之后,在两者交叠区域形成电场,可以将交叠区域的电致变色层330由透明态变为深色态,相应地,电致变色层330的与交叠区域对应的部分为变色区331,电致变色层330的其它部分为透光区332。如图2B所示的第一电极层310和如图4B所示的第二电极层320在施加电压之后可以将电致变色层330变为图4A所示的结构。
在本公开至少一个实施例中,对第二电极层320中的第二电极条321的排列方向不做限制,只要在垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向上,两者 相交即可。下面,以图4B中与X轴平行的方向为第二方向为例,对本公开下述至少一个实施例中的技术方案进行说明。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,第一电极层310中的第一电极条311为如图3A所示的结构,图4C为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第二电极层的另一种结构示意图。例如图4C所示,可以对第二电极层320中的多个第一电极条311选择性地施加电压,如此可以使得光定向膜300在防窥状态下具有视角可调的功能。例如图3A和图4C所示,在垂直于光定向膜300所在面的方向上,第一电极层310中施加电压的第一电极条311和施加电压的第二电极条321重叠的部分为交叠区域,且电致变色层330中与该交叠区域对应的部分为变色区331,电致变色层330中的其它部分为透光区332。如此,图3A中的第一电极层310的结构和图4C中的第二电极层320的结构也可以形成如图4A所示的电致变色层330的结构,而且通过对施加电压的第一电极条311和第二电极条321进行选择,可以调整电致变色层330中变色区331和透光区332的比例。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,图5为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的另一种结构示意图。例如图5所示,电致变色层330中的透光区332可以为阵列分布,透光区332的周围为变色区331。即在本公开至少一个实施例中,第一电极层310和第二电极层320可以配置为使得对电致变色层330施加电压之后,电致变色层330中的变色区331分布为网格状。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,图6为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中第一电极层的另一种结构示意图。例如图6所示,第一电极层310还包括多个沿第二方向(例如与X轴平行的方向)并列设置的第三电极条,并且第一电极条311(图中未示出)和第三电极条(图中未示出,可以参考图7A中的第三电极条312)连通以使得第一电极层310配置为包括间隔区3102以及位于间隔区3102外围的本体3101的网格状电极,并且在垂直于第一电极层310所在面的方向上,间隔区3102与透光区332重合,本体3101与变色区331重合。在第一电极层310配置为网格状电极的情况下,本公开实施例对第二电极层320的具体结构不做限定,例如,第二电极层320可以为面状电极;例如第二电极320也可以配置为网格状电极,并且在垂直于第一电极层310所在面的方向上,第一电极层310中的电极 和第二电极层320中的电极是重合的。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,图7A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜的一种宏观结构示意图,图7B仅示出了第一电极层中施加电压的电极,图7B为图7A所示光定向膜中B区域的微观结构示意图,图7C为图7A所示光定向膜的沿M-N的截面图。例如图7A~图7C所示,第一电极层310还包括多个沿第二方向(例如与X轴平行的方向)并列设置的第三电极条312以及设置于第一电极条311和第三电极条312之间的绝缘层313,并且在垂直于第一电极层310所在面的方向上,电致变色层330中与施加电压的第一电极条311和第三电极条312重叠的区域所对应的部分为变色区331,并且电致变色层330中的其它部分为透光区332。
需要说明是,在如图7A~图7C所示的实施例中,对第二电极层320的具体化结构不做限制,其可以设置为面状电极,也可以设置为第一电极层310的结构,只要在垂直于第一电极层310所在面的方向上,对于每一个施加电压的第一电极条311或者第三电极条312,第二电极层320都可以与其形成电场即可。
如图7A所示,通过对第一电极层310中的第一电极条311和第三电极条312选择性地施加电压,并且电致变色层330中与施加电压的第一电极条311和第三电极条312中的至少一个对应的部分为变色区(图中未示出,参考图5所示中的变色区331),电致变色层330中的其它部分为透光区332。如此,可以使得电致变色层330中的变色区331和透光区332为如图5所示的结构。
如图7B和图7C所示,第一电极层310中的第一电极条311和第三电极条312由绝缘层313间隔开,所以通过对第一电极条311选择性地施加电压,可以控制电致变色层330中的变色区331在平行于X轴方向上的宽度;并且通过对第三电极条312选择性地施加电压,可以控制电致变色层330中的变色区331在平行于Y轴方向上的宽度,而且第一电极条311和第三电极条312之间绝缘,变色区331在平行于X轴方向上和平行于Y轴方向上的宽度变化都是可以独立控制的,即通过调节第一电极层310和第二电极层320上施加的电压,即可以调整电致变色层330中的变色区331和透光区332所占的比例,使得包括该光定向膜300的显示装置在防窥状态下具有视角可调的功能。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,图8A为本公开一个实施例提供的显示装置中光定向膜的一种结构示意图。例如图8A所示,显示装置还可以包括与第一电极层310和第二电极层320信号连接的控制器400;控制器400配置为控制第一电极层310和第二电极层320中的施加电压以使得变色区331在透明态和深色态之间切换。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,图8B为本公开一个实施例提供的显示装置中控制器控制第一电极层的施加电压的示意图。例如图8B所示,以控制器400控制图3B(1)所示的第一电极条311上的施加电压为例,每一个第一电极条311都分别通过引线与控制器400信号连接,如此控制器400可以控制每一个第一电极条300上的电压,如此,控制器400不仅可以使得显示装置在共享态和防窥态之间切换,还可以调节显示装置在防窥态下的视角。需要说明的是,控制器400不限于设置为一个,也可以设置为两个或两个以上。例如,第一电极层310中与变色区331对应的第一电极条311可以电信号连接于一个控制器400,而第一电极层310中与透光区332对应的第一电极条311可以电信号连接于另一个控制器400,或者仅与变色区331对应的第一电极条311与控制器400信号连接。在本公开至少一个实施例中,以第一电极层310为例,对控制器400与第一电极层310中的电极条例如第一电极条311的具体化连接方式不做限定,只要控制器400使得光定向膜300可以降低视角,并且能够使得显示装置具有防窥态即可。
在本公开至少一个实施例中,对控制器400的类型不做限制。例如,控制器400可以用于控制光定向膜300中的第一电极层310和第二电极层320上的电压。如果需要实现更复杂的控制功能,还可以搭建对应的硬件电路来实现对应的功能,所述硬件电路包括常规的超大规模集成(VLSI)电路或者门阵列以及诸如逻辑芯片、晶体管之类的半导体或者是其它分立的元件。控制器400还可以用可编程硬件设备,诸如现场可编程门阵列、可编程阵列逻辑、可编程逻辑设备等实现。该控制器400例如可以与控制液晶面板显示的控制器用同一个电路或芯片实现。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,如图8A所示,光定向膜300还可以包括将第一电极层310、电致变色层330以及第二电极层320夹置在中间的第一基板340和第二基板350。在本公开至少一个实施例中,对第 一基板340和第二基板350的具体设置位置不做限制。例如,第一基板340可以设置在第一电极层310的远离第二电极层320的一侧,第二基板350设置在第二电极320的远离第一电极层310的一侧。
电致变色层330中的电致变色材料可以为液态,如此,可以将第一电极层310和第二电极层320分别设置在第一基板340和第二基板350上之后,第一基板340和第二基板350对盒以将电致变色层330夹置在中间。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,可以在电致变色层中设置界定层以对其中的电致变色材料进行区域划分,并且对电致变色材料进行限位。在显示装置的应用过程中,在倾斜或者挤压等情况下,重力或者压力会使得电致变色材料流动,使得电致变色层分布不均匀,影响电致变色层中变色区和透光区之间区域划分的精度。设置界定层后,可以降低电致变色材料的流动程度,提高电致变色分布的均匀度,可以提高光定向膜的性能。
图9A为本公开一个实施例提供的光定向膜中电致变色层的另一种结构示意图,图9A中仅示出电致变色层330和界定层500;图9B为图9A所示的光定向膜沿E-F的截面图。图9A和图9B中的电致变色层的设置方式如图4A所示。
在本公开至少一个实施例中,界定层只要可以限定电致变色层的位置即可,对界定层的具体分布不做限制。例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,如图9A和图9B所示,电致变色层330中设置有界定层500。第一电极条311的设置方式可以如图2B所示,第二电极条321的设置方式可以如图4B所示。例如,界定层500可以主要或全部设置在透光区332中,可以降低界定层500对变色区331的影响。界定层500的具体化设置方式,可以根据电致变色层330中的透光区332和变色区331的分布、第一电极条311和第二电极条321的分布等进行设计,在本公开的实施例在此不作限制。
例如,该界定层的制备材料可以包括透明材料。例如,界定层的制备材料可以包括透明树脂,例如环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸羟乙酯等中的一种或者组合。例如,如图9B所示,界定层500可以设置为具有一定的弹性,如此,界定层500可以支撑第一基板340和第二基板350之间的空间,可以进一步提高电致变色分布的均匀度,进一步提高光定向膜300的性能。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的显示装置中,光定向膜300中 的第一电极层310和第二电极层320可以为透明电极,以使得光可以透过光定向膜300。例如,该透明电极层制备材料可以包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)、氧化铟镓(IGO)、氧化镓锌(GZO)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化铟(In 2O 3)、氧化铝锌(AZO)和碳纳米管等。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,光定向膜300中的第一电极层310或者第二电极层320可以配置为线栅偏振结构,如此,可以代替如图1A中所示的显示面板100中的一个偏振片。例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,第一电极层310可以配置为纳米光栅,该纳米光栅可以包括多个并列的光栅条,例如,第一电极层310包括的第一电极条311可以配置为光栅条。如此,第一电极层310配置为纳米光栅之后,可以使得透过光定向膜300的光具有特定的偏振方向。光定向膜300中的例如第一电极层310设置为纳米光栅,使得显示面板可以省去一个偏振片,可以降低显示装置的厚度,简化制备工艺并降低成本。
在本公开至少一个实施例提供的显示装置中,对于纳米线栅中的光栅条的具体结构不做限定,只要其可以使得透过光定向膜300的光具有某一偏振方向即可。例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,在垂直于第一方向且平行于第一电极层310所在面的方向上,光栅条的宽度为50~80纳米,光栅条的宽度与相邻光栅条之间的间隔距离的比值为2/3~1;以及在垂直于第一电极层310所在面的方向上,光栅条的厚度为150~250纳米。
需要说明的是,在本公开至少一个实施例中,不限于将光定向膜300中的第一电极层310中的第一电极条311设置为光栅条,例如,光定向膜300中的第二电极层320中的第二电极条321或者第一电极层310中的第三电极条312也可以配置为纳米光栅中的光栅条。光定向膜300中可以配置为纳米光栅的结构,可以根据实际工艺进行选择,本公开的实施例对此不做限制。
例如,纳米光栅的光栅条的制备材料可以为非透明导电材料,例如可以为铜基金属,例如,铜(Cu)、铜钼合金(Cu/Mo)、铜钛合金(Cu/Ti)、铜钼钛合金(Cu/Mo/Ti)、铜钼钨合金(Cu/Mo/W)、铜钼铌合金(Cu/Mo/Nb)等;该光栅条的制备材料也可以为铬基金属,例如,铬钼合金(Cr/Mo)、铬钛合金(Cr/Ti)、铬钼钛合金(Cr/Mo/Ti)等;该光栅条的制备材料还可以为铝或铝合金等,光栅条的制备材料包括但不限于此。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,对如图1A所示的显示装置中的显示面板100的具体化结构不做限制。
该显示装置的一个示例为液晶显示装置,显示装置中的显示面板100可以为液晶显示面板,包括阵列基板和对置基板,二者彼此对置以形成液晶盒,在液晶盒中填充有液晶材料。该对置基板例如为彩膜基板。阵列基板的每个像素单元的像素电极用于施加电场以对液晶材料的旋转的程度进行控制从而进行显示操作。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例中,对如图1A所示的显示装置中的背光模组200的具体化结构不做限制。例如,显示模组200可以包括导光板和光源,光源例如可以设置为直下式光源或者侧入式光源等。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种显示装置的操作方法,该显示装置可以参考前述实施例中的相关说明,在此对显示装置的具体化结构不做赘述。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的操作方法中,通过第一电极层和第二电极层向变色区中的电致变色层施加第一电压以使得变色区为深色态,并且使得显示装置的显示图像为防窥态。示例性的,显示装置可以实现防窥态的方法可以包括:通过第一电极层310和第二电极层320向变色区331中的电致变色层330施加电压以使得变色区331为深色态,背光模组200发射的光线只能透过电致变色层330中的透光区332射出,如此,光定向膜300的视角变窄,从而使得显示装置的显示图像为防窥态。
例如,在本公开至少一个实施例提供的操作方法中,断开第一电极层和第二电极层向变色区中的电致变色层施加的电压以使得变色区切换回透明态,并使得显示装置的显示图像为共享态。显示装置可以实现共享态的方法可以包括:断开第一电极层310和第二电极层320向变色区331中的电致变色层330施加的电压以使得变色区331切换回透明态,电致变色层330不会对射入光定向膜330中的光线进行遮挡,如此,显示装置的显示图像为共享态。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法,并且可以具有以下至少一项有益效果:
(1)本公开至少一个实施例提供一种光定向膜、显示装置及其操作方法,光定向膜中的电致变色层包括交替设置的变色区和透光区,可以降低光定向膜的视角,使得包括该光定向膜的显示装置具有防窥功能。
(2)在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,电致变色层中的变色区可以在深色态和透明态之间切换,使得包括该光定向膜的显示装置可以在防窥态和共享态之间切换。
(3)在本公开至少一个实施例提供的光定向膜中,电致变色层中的变色区和透光区所占的比例可以调节,使得包括该光定向膜的显示装置在你防窥状态下具有调节视角的功能。
(4)在本公开至少一个实施例中,光定向膜中的电极例如第一电极层可以配置为纳米光栅,使得显示面板可以省去一个偏振片,降低显示装置的厚度,简化制备工艺并降低成本。
对于本公开,还有以下几点需要说明:
(1)本公开实施例附图只涉及到与本公开实施例涉及到的结构,其他结构可参考通常设计。
(2)为了清晰起见,在用于描述本公开的实施例的附图中,层或区域的厚度被放大或缩小,即这些附图并非按照实际的比例绘制。
(3)在不冲突的情况下,本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合以得到新的实施例。
以上,仅为本公开的具体实施方式,但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此,本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种光定向膜,包括:
    电致变色层,所述电致变色层设置为包括交替设置的透光区和变色区,所述变色区在透明态和深色态之间为可切换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光定向膜,还包括:
    相对设置的第一电极层和第二电极层;
    其中,所述电致变色层位于所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间,并且在所述变色区中,所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为对所述电致变色层施加第一电压之后,所述电致变色层为所述深色态,在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为对所述电致变色层施加第二电压之后,所述变色区由所述深色态切换回所述透明态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第一电极层包括多个沿第一方向并列设置的第一电极条。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述透光区和所述变色区为条形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第一电极条与所述变色区一一对应,所述第一电极条在所述第一电极层所在面上的正投影与所述变色区在所述第一电极层所在面上的正投影重合。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述变色区与向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条对应,所述电致变色层的其他部分为所述透光区,并且
    所述第一电极层配置为通过对向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条的选择以调整所述变色区和所述透光区的比例。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第二电极层为面状电极;或者
    所述第二电极层包括多个沿所述第一方向并列设置的第二电极条,并且在垂直于所述第一电极层所在面的方向上,所述第二电极条在所述第一电极层所在面上的投影与所述第一电极条重合。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第二电极层包括多个沿第二方向并列设置的第二电极条,以及所述第一方向和所述第二方向相交以形成多个交叠区域,并且
    所述电致变色层的与所述交叠区域对应的部分为所述变色区,所述电致变色层的其它部分为所述透光区。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第二电极条与所述变色区一一对应,并且所述第二电极条在所述第一电极层所在面上的正投影与所述变色区在所述第一电极层所在面上的正投影重合。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为通过对向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第二电极条的选择以调整所述变色区和所述透光区的比例。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述电致变色层中的所述透光区或者所述变色区为网格状。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第一电极层还包括多个沿第二方向并列设置的第三电极条,并且所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条连通以使得所述第一电极层配置为包括间隔区以及位于所述间隔区外围的本体的网格状电极,并且
    在垂直于所述第一电极层所在面的方向上,所述间隔区与所述透光区重合,所述本体与所述变色区重合。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第一电极层还包括多个沿第二方向并列设置的第三电极条以及设置于所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条之间的绝缘层,并且
    在垂直于所述第一电极层所在面的方向上,所述电致变色层中与向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条重叠的区域所对应的部分为所述变色区,并且所述电致变色层中的其它部分为所述透光区。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述电致变色层中与向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第三电极中的至少一个对应的部分为所述变色区,所述电致变色层的其他部分为所述透光区,并且
    所述第一电极层配置为通过对向所述电致变色层施加所述第一电压的所述第一电极条和所述第三电极条的选择以调整所述变色区和所述透光区的比例。
  15. 根据权利要求2-14中任一项所述的光定向膜,还包括:与所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层信号连接的控制器;
    其中,所述控制器配置为控制所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层中的施加电压以使得所述变色区在透明态和深色态之间切换。
  16. 根据权利要求2-15中任一项所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层为透明电极。
  17. 根据权利要求3-16任一项所述的光定向膜,其中,
    所述第一电极层配置为纳米光栅,所述纳米光栅包括多个并列的光栅条,并且所述第一电极层包括的所述第一电极条配置为所述光栅条。
  18. 一种显示装置,包括:
    显示面板、背光模组以及权利要求1-17中任一项所述的光定向膜;
    其中,所述光定向膜位于所述显示面板和所述背光模组之间。
  19. 一种根据权利要求18所述的显示装置的操作方法,包括:
    控制所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层向所述变色区中的电致变色层施加第一电压以使得所述变色区为所述深色态,并且使得所述显示装置的显示图像为防窥态。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的操作方法,还包括:
    控制所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层向所述变色区中的电致变色层施加第二电压以使得所述变色区切换回透明态,并使得所述显示装置的显示图像为共享态。
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