WO2018234003A1 - Emballage et distribution de compositions détergentes - Google Patents

Emballage et distribution de compositions détergentes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018234003A1
WO2018234003A1 PCT/EP2018/064272 EP2018064272W WO2018234003A1 WO 2018234003 A1 WO2018234003 A1 WO 2018234003A1 EP 2018064272 W EP2018064272 W EP 2018064272W WO 2018234003 A1 WO2018234003 A1 WO 2018234003A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
closure
reservoir
particles
packaged product
coating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/064272
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Duncan Robert FELDMAN
Martin Christopher Bunce
Original Assignee
Unilever Plc
Unilever N.V.
Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever Plc, Unilever N.V., Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever filed Critical Unilever Plc
Publication of WO2018234003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018234003A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/06—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for dispensing powdered or granular material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0471—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with means for positioning the cap on the container, or for limiting the movement of the cap, or for preventing accidental loosening of the cap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D50/00—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures
    • B65D50/02—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions
    • B65D50/04—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one
    • B65D50/045—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one where one action elastically deforms or deflects at least part of the closure, the container or an intermediate element, e.g. a ring
    • B65D50/046—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one where one action elastically deforms or deflects at least part of the closure, the container or an intermediate element, e.g. a ring and such deformation causes the disengagement of locking means, e.g. the release of a pawl-like element from a tooth or abutment, to allow removal of the closure by simultaneous rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2203/00—Decoration means, markings, information elements, contents indicators
    • B65D2203/12—Audible, olfactory or visual signalling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2215/00—Child-proof means
    • B65D2215/02—Child-proof means requiring the combination of simultaneous actions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2231/00—Means for facilitating the complete expelling of the contents
    • B65D2231/005—Means for facilitating the complete expelling of the contents the container being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
    • B65D2251/0015—Upper closure of the 41-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0078—Lower closure of the 41-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/0009—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures designed for pouring contents
    • B65D2501/0081—Bottles of non-circular cross-section

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the dosing and dispensing of concentrated detergent compositions.
  • Concentrated detergent compositions offer potential huge benefits arising from the reduced pack size which has consequent reductions in transportation savings and environmental benefits.
  • Such savings can be eaten away by very quickly by incorrect dosage.
  • Even very small amounts of wastage of highly concentrated products can amount to substantial amounts of chemicals when one considers the huge number of consumers carrying out laundry operations regularly.
  • a further problem with known particulate products is product residue, in the form of fines left in packaging which is undesirable.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to provide a packaged concentrated detergent product which eliminates or at least reduces 'lost' product which remains locked in the package.
  • One solution is to use large, hard particles, however, these are only effective whilst they remain hard and their mobility can also cause problems if open packaging is accidentally tipped over.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a packaged concentrated detergent product with improved product storage and dispensing.
  • a packaged product comprising a combination of a concentrated particulate detergent composition contained in an opaque package, wherein at least 70 % by number of the particles of the
  • composition comprise a hard coating and wherein a portion by number of the particles are white and a portion by number of the particles are coloured other than white; and said package comprises a reservoir and closure for storing said composition,
  • the closure and reservoir being rotatably inter-engageable via respective inter- engagement portions via a positive closure mechanism such that the closure may only be rotated off the reservoir to allow removal of the closure, if a secondary force is applied at the same time as the rotating force, characterized in that the reservoir comprises:
  • the configuration of the invention advantageously provides a product with both coloured and white particles such that the white particles enhance the visual effect of the coloured particles for accurate dosing.
  • the coloured particles are protected from light degradation, moisture and spillage due to the inadvertent opening due to the positive closure.
  • the reservoir comprises convex sides with smooth corners, except for chamfered corner portions.
  • This configuration is advantageous in that the reservoir provides smooth surfaces along with angular deflection areas via the chamfered corners.
  • the hard coated particles of the invention are free flowing and mobile across the surface and they slide along the smooth surfaces gathering speed but then impacting the deflection areas, provided by the chamfered corners, especially with concave corner portions, so creating noise and providing audio feedback to the consumer that the reservoir is not yet empty.
  • the reservoir shape also provides for a front face having a large canvas as would be provided by a carton but at the same time a wide viewing angle as provided by a cylindrical bottle such that the main marketing graphics come into view as the package is approached from the side. This is especially useful for concentrated particulates where the pack size and in particular the front face is considerably smaller than traditional powder packages (boxes, cartons).
  • the chamfered sections also provide gripping areas to increase purchase while the user grips the package, pours, removes closure. This is especially advantageous where a pinch and twist mechanism is incorporated
  • the inter-engagement comprises a threaded inter-engagement.
  • the positive closure mechanism comprises a 'pinch and twist' opening mechanism such that the closure must be pinched (by application of a radial force to the closure) and simultaneously also twisted (rotated) relative to the bottle in order to rotate the closure off the reservoir.
  • the inter-engagement may comprise a push and twist opening mechanism, whereby the closure must be pushed axially and rotated at the same time for removal from the reservoir.
  • Opacity may be provided by an outer coating such as a sleeve, or may be integral to the packaging material such as a light blocking additive.
  • the base of the package is also opaque. Certain packages, such as that described above, may be left to rest on their side, exposing the contents to light radiation. However, if the base is opaque, this problem is eliminated or lessened.
  • the reservoir-closure interconnection incorporates audible feedback to confirm to the user when the closure has moved to the closed position with the pinch and twist mechanism engaged. This saves time for the user as it quickly informs when the package is properly closed.
  • Audible feedback may be achieved using a positive closure mechanism comprising snap- fit features.
  • the positive closure mechanism may comprise a tangentially hooked recess located on the reservoir and a correspondingly shaped lug on the closure.
  • the tangentially hooked recess is orientated such that rotation of the closure brings the lug towards the opening (i.e. during closure) via an angular profile or undercut. Rotation of the lug past the angular profile/undercut provides audible feedback as the lug drops into the recess and snaps into position.
  • There may be multiple chamfered portions or each chamfered portion may be multi- faceted. This provides for a multifaceted front view (or other view depending on the placement of the chamfered corner section).
  • the chamfered corner portions are substantially flat. More preferably the chamfered corner sections are concave such that they project into the volume of the reservoir.
  • the packaged product preferably includes a dosing device, such as a shuttle.
  • the packaged product may comprise a separate closure or the shuttle may act as the closure.
  • the dosing device has a cross section corresponding to that of the reservoir.
  • the packaging has an opacity such that its light transmittance is less than 25% at wavelength of about 410-800 nm (in the visible part of the spectrum).
  • the packaging light transmittance is less than 10% at wavelength of about 410-800 nm (in the visible part of the spectrum). Even more preferably it is less than 5% at wavelength of about 410-800 nm (in the visible part of the spectrum).
  • Suitable materials for the package include, but are not limited to: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyamides (PA) and/or polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PVC polyvinylchloride
  • PS polystyrene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the container may formed by extrusion, moulding e.g. blow moulding from a preform or by thermoforming or by injection moulding.
  • the composition comprises a surfactant core.
  • this core comprises greater than 50 wt% detergent surfactant.
  • the core comprises mainly surfactant.
  • the packaged particles are substantially the same shape and size as one another.
  • the amount of coating on each coated particle is advantageously from 10 to 45, more preferably 20 to 35 % by weight of the particles.
  • the number percentage of the packaged composition of particles comprising the core and coating is preferably at least 85%.
  • the coating comprises water soluble inorganic salt.
  • the coated particles preferably comprise from 0.001 to 3 wt % perfume.
  • the core of the coated particles preferably comprises less than 5 wt%, even more preferably less than 2.5 wt% inorganic materials.
  • the coating is preferably sodium carbonate, optionally in admixture with a minor amount of SCMC and further optionally in admixture with one or more of sodium silicate, water soluble fluorescer, water soluble or dispersible shading dye and pigment or coloured dye.
  • each particle has perpendicular dimensions x, y and z, wherein x is from 0.2 to 2 mm, y is from 2.5 to 8mm (preferably 3 to 8 mm), and z is from 2.5 to 8 mm
  • the particles are desirably oblate spheroids with diameter of 3 to 6 mm and thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
  • At least some, and preferably a major portion by number of the particles may be coloured other than white, as this makes it easier to see them to determine that the required dose level has been reached. Multicoloured, e.g. some blue and some white, particles have been found to provide even higher visual appeal.
  • PCT/EP2010/055256 and PCT/EP2010/055257 there is described a process for manufacturing detergent particles comprising the steps of: a) forming a liquid surfactant blend comprising a major amount of surfactant and a minor amount of water, the surfactant part consisting of at least 51 wt% linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and at least one co-surfactant, the surfactant blend consisting of at most 20 wt% nonionic surfactant;
  • step (b) drying the liquid surfactant blend of step (a) in an evaporator or drier to a moisture content of less than 1 .5 wt% and cooling the output from the evaporator or dryer; feeding the cooled material, which output comprises at least 93 wt% surfactant blend with a major part of LAS, to an extruder, optionally along with less than 10 wt% of other materials such as perfume, fluorescer, and extruding the surfactant blend to form an extrudate while periodically cutting the extrudate to form hard detergent particles with a diameter across the extruder of greater than 2 mm and a thickness along the axis of the extruder of greater than 0.2 mm, provided that the diameter is greater than the thickness;
  • the extruded hard detergent particles optionally, coating the extruded hard detergent particles with up to 30 wt% coating material, preferably selected from inorganic material and mixtures of such material and nonionic material with a melting point in the range 40 to 90 °C.
  • coating material preferably selected from inorganic material and mixtures of such material and nonionic material with a melting point in the range 40 to 90 °C.
  • the cooled dried output from the evaporator or drier stage (b) comprising at least 95 wt% preferably 96 wt%, more preferably 97 wt%, most preferably 98 wt% surfactant to be transferred to a mill and milled to particles of less than 1.5 mm, preferably less than 1 mm average diameter before it is fed to the extrusion step (c).
  • a powdered flow aid such as Aerosil®, Alusil®, or Microsil®, with a particle diameter of from 0.1 to 10 ⁇ may be added to the mill in an amount of 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 3 wt% (based on output from the mill) and blended into the particles during milling.
  • step b or the intermediate milling step, if used, is fed to the extruder, optionally along with minor amounts (less than 10 wt% total) of other materials such as perfume and /or fluorescer, and the mixture of materials fed to the extruder is extruded to form an extrudate with a diameter of greater than 2 mm, preferably greater than 3 mm, most preferably greater than 4 mm and preferably with a diameter of less than 7 mm, most preferably less than 5 mm, while periodically cutting the extrudate to form hard detergent particles with a maximum thickness of greater than 0.2 mm and less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, most preferably less than about 1.5 mm and more than about 0.5 mm, even 0.7 mm.
  • the invention also encompasses other cross sections such as triangular, rectangular and even complex cross sections, such as one mimicking a flower with rotationally symmetrical "petals".
  • the invention can be operated on any extrudate that can be forced through a hole in the extruder or extruder plate; the key being that the average thickness of the extrudate should be kept below the level where dissolution will be slow. As discussed above this is a thickness of about 2 mm. Desirably multiple extrusions are made simultaneously and they may all have the same cross section or may have different cross sections. Normally they will all have the same length as they are cut off by the knife.
  • the cutting knife should be as thin as possible to allow high speed extrusion and minimal distortion of the extrudate during cutting.
  • the extrusion should preferably take place at a temperature of less than 45°C, more preferably less than 40°C to avoid stickiness and facilitate cutting.
  • the extrudates according to the present process are cut so that their major dimension is across the extruder and the minor dimension is along the axis of the extruder. This is the opposite to the normal extrusion of surfactants. Cutting in this way increases the surface area that is a "cut" surface. It also allows the extruded particle to expand considerably along its axis after cutting, whilst maintaining a relatively high surface to volume ratio, which is believed to increase its solubility and also results in an attractive biconvex, or lentil, appearance. Elsewhere we refer to this shape as an oblate spheroid. This is essentially a rotation of an ellipse about its minor axis.
  • the LAS containing surfactant blends can be extruded to make solid detergent particles that are hard enough to be used without any need to be structured by inorganic materials or other structurants as commonly found in prior art extruded detergent particles.
  • the amount of surfactant in the detergent particle can be much higher and the amount of builder in the detergent particle can be much lower.
  • the blend in step (a) comprises at least about 60 wt%, most preferably at least about 70 wt% surfactant and preferably at most about 40 wt%, most preferably at most 30 wt% water, the surfactant part consisting of at least 51 wt% linear alkyl benzene sulphonate salt (LAS) and at least one co-surfactant;
  • LAS linear alkyl benzene sulphonate salt
  • the co-surfactant is chosen from the group consisting of: SLES, and nonionic, together with optional soap and mixtures thereof.
  • SLES SLES
  • nonionic the upper limit for the amount of nonionic surfactant has been found to be 20 wt% of the total surfactant to avoid the dried material being too soft and cohesive to extrude because it has a hardness value less than 0.5 MPa.
  • the surfactant blend is dried in step (b) to a moisture content of less than 1 .2 wt%, more preferably less than 1 .1 wt%, and most preferably less than 1 wt%.
  • Drying may suitably be carried out using a wiped film evaporator or a Chemithon Turbo Tube® drier.
  • the extruded hard detergent particles may be coated by transferring them to a fluid bed and spraying onto them up to 40 wt% (based on coated detergent particle) of inorganic material in aqueous solution and drying off the water.
  • the coating material is not contributing to the wash performance of the composition then it is desirable to keep the level of coating as low as possible, preferably less than 35 wt% even less than 30 wt%, especially for larger extruded particles with a surface area to volume ratio of greater than 4 mm -1 .
  • the invention also provides a detergent composition comprising at least 70 wt%, preferably at least 85 wt% of coated particles made using the process according to the invention.
  • a detergent composition comprising at least 70 wt%, preferably at least 85 wt% of coated particles made using the process according to the invention.
  • compositions with up to 100 wt% of the particles are possible when basic additives are incorporated into the extruded particles, or into their coating.
  • the composition may also comprise, for example, an antifoam granule.
  • the coating is coloured. Particles of different colours may be used in admixture, or they can be blended with contrasting powder. Of course, particles of the same colour as one another may also be used to form a full composition. As described above the coating quality and appearance is very good due to the excellent surface of the cut extrudates onto which the coating is applied in association with the large particle size and S/V ratios of the preferred particles. It is particularly preferred that the detergent particles comprise perfume.
  • the perfume may be added into the extruder or premixed with the surfactant blend in the mill, or in a mixer placed after the mill, either as a liquid or as encapsulated perfume particles. In an alternative process, the perfume may be mixed with a nonionic material and blended.
  • Such a blend may alternatively be applied by coating the extruded particles, for example by spraying it mixed with molten nonionic surfactant.
  • Perfume may also be introduced into the composition by means of a separate perfume granule and then the detergent particle does not need to comprise any perfume.
  • the composition comprises greater than 50 wt% detergent surfactant.
  • Surfactant blends that do not require builders to be present for effective detergency in hard water are preferred. Such blends are called calcium tolerant surfactant blends if they pass the test set out hereinafter. Thus, it may be advantageous if the extruded core is made using a calcium tolerant surfactant blend according to the test herein described. However, the invention may also be of use for washing with soft water, either naturally occurring or made using a water softener. In this case, calcium tolerance is no longer important and blends other than calcium tolerant ones may be used.
  • LAS can be at least partially replaced by MES, or, less preferably, partially replaced by up to 20 wt % PAS. Blending
  • the surfactants are mixed together before being input to the drier. Conventional mixing equipment is used.
  • scraped film devices may be used.
  • a preferred form of scraped film device is a wiped film evaporator.
  • One such suitable wiped film evaporator is the "Dryex system" based on a wiped film evaporator available from Ballestra S.p.A..
  • Alternative drying equipment includes tube- type driers, such as a Chemithon Turbo Tube® drier, and soap driers.
  • the hot material exiting the scraped film drier is subsequently cooled and broken up into suitable sized pieces to feed to the extruder. Simultaneous cooling and breaking into flakes may conveniently be carried out using a chill roll. If the flakes from the chill roll are not suitable for direct feed to the extruder then they can be milled in a milling apparatus and/or they can be blended with other liquid or solid ingredients in a blending and milling apparatus, such as a ribbon mill. Such milled or blended material is desirably of particle size 1 mm or less for feeding to the extruder.
  • Particulate material with a mean particle size of 10 nm to 10 ⁇ is preferred for use as a milling aid.
  • Such materials there may be mentioned, by way of example: aerosil®, alusil®, and microsil®.
  • the extruder provides further opportunities to blend in ingredients other than surfactants, or even to add further surfactants.
  • all of the anionic surfactant, or other surfactant supplied in admixture with water; i.e. as paste or as solution, is added into the drier to ensure that the water content can then be reduced and the material fed to and through the extruder is sufficiently dry.
  • Additional materials that can be blended into the extruder are thus mainly those that are used at very low levels in a detergent composition: such as fluorescer, shading dye, enzymes, perfume, silicone antifoams, polymeric additives and preservatives.
  • Solid additives are generally preferred. Liquids, such as perfume may be added at levels up to 2.5 wt%, preferably up to 1 .5 wt%. Solid particulate structuring (liquid absorbing) materials or builders, such as zeolite, carbonate, silicate are preferably not added to the blend being extruded. These materials are not needed due to the self structuring properties of the very dry LAS-based feed material. If any is used the total amount should be less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 4 wt%, most preferably less than 3 wt%. At such levels no significant structuring occurs and the inorganic particulate material is added for a different purpose, for instance as a flow aid to improve the feed of particles to the extruder.
  • the output from the extruder is shaped by the die plate used.
  • the extruded material has a tendency to swell up in the centre relative to the periphery.
  • An advantageous variant of the process takes the sliced extruded particles and coats them. This allows the particles to be coloured easily. It also further reduces the stickiness of the hygroscopic surfactant core to a point where the particles are free flowing. Coating makes them more suitable for use in detergent compositions that may be exposed to high humidity for long periods. By coating such large extruded particles the thickness of coating obtainable by use of a coating level of say 5 wt% is much greater than would be achieved on typically sized detergent granules (0.5-2mm diameter sphere).
  • the extruded particles can be considered as oblate spheroids with a major radius "a” and minor radius "b".
  • the surface area(S) to volume (V) ratio can be calculated as:
  • this surface area to volume ratio must be greater than 3 mm-1.
  • the coating thickness is inversely proportional to this coefficient and hence for the coating the ratio "Surface area of coated particle" divided by "Volume of coated particle” should be less than 15 mm-1.
  • any known coating may be used, for instance organic, including polymer
  • An aqueous spray-on of coating solution in a fluidised bed may also generate a further slight rounding of the detergent particles during the fluidisation process.
  • Suitable inorganic coating solutions include sodium carbonate, possibly in admixture with sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride. Food dyes, shading dyes, fluorescer and other optical modifiers can be added to the coating by dissolving them in the spray-on solution or dispersion. Use of a builder salt such as sodium carbonate is particularly useful.
  • the amount of coating should lie in the range 3 to 50 wt% of the particle, preferably 20 to 40 wt% for the best results in terms of anti-caking properties of the detergent particles.
  • the coated particles dissolve easily in water and leave very low or no residues on dissolution, due to the absence of insoluble structurant materials such as zeolite.
  • the coated particles have an exceptional visual appearance, due to the smoothness of the coating coupled with the smoothness of the underlying particles, which is also believed to be a result of the lack of particulate structuring material in the extruded particles.
  • the coated detergent particle is curved.
  • the size is such that y and z are at least 3 mm, preferably 4 mm, most preferably 5 mm and x lies in the range 1 to 2 mm.
  • the coated detergent detergent particle may be shaped as a disc.
  • the core is primarily surfactant. It may also include detergency additives, such as perfume, shading dye, enzymes, cleaning polymers and soil release polymers.
  • the coated detergent particle preferably comprises between 30 to 90 wt% of a surfactant, most preferably 50 to 90 wt %.
  • a surfactant preferably 50 to 90 wt %.
  • the nonionic and anionic surfactants of the surfactant system may be chosen from the surfactants described "Surface Active Agents" Vol. 1 , by Schwartz & Perry, Interscience 1949, Vol. 2 by Schwartz, Perry & Berch, Interscience 1958, in the current edition of "McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents” published by Manufacturing Confectioners Company or in "Tenside Taschenbuch", H. Stache, 2nd Edn., Carl Hauser Verlag, 1981.
  • the surfactants used are saturated.
  • Suitable anionic detergent compounds that may be used are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyi radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyi being used to include the alkyi portion of higher acyl radicals.
  • suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyi sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher C8 to C18 alcohols, produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyi C9 to C20 benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyi C10 to C15 benzene sulphonates; and sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum.
  • anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES), particularly preferred with 1 to 3 ethoxy groups, sodium C10 to C15 alkyl benzene sulphonates and sodium C12 to C18 alkyl sulphates. Also applicable are surfactants such as those described in
  • EP-A-328 177 (Unilever), which show resistance to salting out, the alkyl polyglycoside surfactants described in EP-A-070 074, and alkyl monoglycosides.
  • the chains of the surfactants may be branched or linear.
  • the fatty acid soap used preferably contains from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably in a straight chain configuration.
  • the anionic contribution from soap may be from 0 to 30 wt% of the total anionic. Use of more than 10 wt% soap is not preferred.
  • At least 50 wt % of the anionic surfactant is selected from: sodium C1 1 to C15 alkyl benzene sulphonates; and, sodium C12 to C18 alkyl sulphates.
  • the anionic surfactant is present in the coated detergent particle at levels between 15 to 85 wt%, more preferably 50 to 80wt%.
  • Suitable non-ionic detergent compounds which may be used include, in particular, the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example, aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.
  • Preferred nonionic detergent compounds are C6 to C22 alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensates, generally 5 to 25 EO, i.e. 5 to 25 units of ethylene oxide per molecule, and the condensation products of aliphatic C8 to C18 primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, generally 5 to 50 EO.
  • the non-ionic is 10 to 50 EO, more preferably 20 to 35 EO. Alkyl ethoxylates are particularly preferred.
  • the non-ionic surfactant is present in the coated detergent particle at levels between 5 to 75 wt%, more preferably 10 to 40 wt%.
  • Cationic surfactant may be present as minor ingredients at levels preferably between 0 to 5 wt%.
  • all the surfactants are mixed together before being dried. Conventional mixing equipment may be used.
  • the surfactant core of the detergent particle may be formed by roller compaction and subsequently coated with an inorganic salt.
  • the core is calcium tolerant and this is a preferred aspect because this reduces the need for a builder.
  • Surfactant blends that do not require builders to be present for effective detergency in hard water are preferred. Such blends are called calcium tolerant surfactant blends if they pass the test set out hereinafter. However, the invention may also be of use for washing with soft water, either naturally occurring or made using a water softener. In this case, calcium tolerance is no longer important and blends other than calcium tolerant ones may be used.
  • the surfactant blend in question is prepared at a concentration of 0.7 g surfactant solids per litre of water containing sufficient calcium ions to give a French hardness of 40 (4 x 10-3 Molar Ca2+).
  • Other hardness ion free electrolytes such as sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, and sodium hydroxide are added to the solution to adjust the ionic strength to 0.05M and the pH to 10.
  • the adsorption of light of wavelength 540 nm through 4 mm of sample is measured 15 minutes after sample preparation. Ten measurements are made and an average value is calculated. Samples that give an absorption value of less than 0.08 are deemed to be calcium tolerant.
  • Suitable calcium tolerant co-surfactants include SLES 1 -7EO, and alkyl ethoxylate non-ionic surfactants, particularly those with melting points less than 40°C.
  • a LAS/SLES surfactant blend has a superior foam profile to a LAS Nonionic surfactant blend and is therefore preferred for hand washing formulations requiring high levels of foam. SLES may be used at levels of up to 30%.
  • a LAS/NI surfactant blend provides a harder particle and its lower foam profile makes it more suited for automatic washing machine use.
  • the main component of the coating is the water soluble inorganic salt.
  • Other water compatible ingredients may be included in the coating.
  • fluorescer for example fluorescer, SCMC, shading dye, silicate, pigments and dyes.
  • the water soluble inorganic salts are preferably selected from sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium silicate and sodium sulphate, or mixtures thereof, most preferably 70 to 100 wt % sodium carbonate.
  • the water soluble inorganic salt is present as a coating on the particle.
  • the water soluble inorganic salt is preferably present at a level that reduces the stickiness of the detergent particle to a point where the particles are free flowing.
  • the amount of coating should lay in the range 1 to 40 wt % of the particle, preferably 20 to 40 wt %, even more preferably 25 to 35 wt % for the best results in terms of anti-caking properties of the detergent particles.
  • the coating is applied to the surface of the surfactant core, by crystallisation from an aqueous solution of the water soluble inorganic salt.
  • the aqueous solution preferably contains greater than 50g/L, more preferably 200 g/L of the salt.
  • An aqueous spray-on of the coating solution in a fluidised bed has been found to give good results and may also generate a slight rounding of the detergent particles during the fluidisation process.
  • Drying and/or cooling may be needed to finish the process.
  • the thickness of coating obtainable by use of a coating level of say 5 wt% is much greater than would be achieved on typically sized detergent granules (0.5-2 mm diameter sphere).
  • this surface area to volume ratio must be greater than 3 mm -1 .
  • the coating thickness is inversely proportional to this coefficient and hence for the coating the ratio "Surface area of coated particle" divided by "Volume of coated particle” should be less than 15 mm "1 .
  • a preferred calcium tolerant coated detergent particle comprises 15 to 100 wt% anionic surfactant of which 20 to 30 wt % is sodium lauryl ether sulphate.
  • Dye may advantageously be added to the coating, as noted above it may also be added to the surfactant mix in the core. In that case preferably the dye is dissolved in the surfactant before the core is formed.
  • Dyes are selected from anionic and non-ionic dyes
  • Anionic dyes are negatively charged in an aqueous medium at pH 7. Examples of anionic dyes are found in the classes of acid and direct dyes in the Color Index (Society of Dyers and Colourists and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists).
  • Anionic dyes preferably contain at least one sulphonate or carboxylate groups.
  • Non-ionic dyes are uncharged in an aqueous medium at pH 7, examples are found in the class of disperse dyes in the Color Index.
  • the dyes may be alkoxylated. Alkoxylated dyes are preferably of the following generic form: Dye-NR1 R2. The NR1 R2 group is attached to an aromatic ring of the dye.
  • R1 and R2 are independently selected from polyoxyalkylene chains having 2 or more repeating units and preferably having 2 to 20 repeating units.
  • polyoxyalkylene chains include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, glycidol oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof.
  • a preferred alkoxylated dye for use in the invention is:
  • the dye is selected from acid dyes; disperse dyes and alkoxylated dyes.
  • the dye is a non-ionic dye.
  • the dye is selected from those having: anthraquinone; mono-azo; bis-azo; xanthene; phthalocyanine; and, phenazine chromophores. More preferably the dye is selected from those having: anthraquinone and, mono-azo chromophores.
  • the dye is added to the coating slurry and agitated before applying to the core of the particle.
  • Application may be by any suitable method, preferably spraying on to the core particle as detailed above.
  • the dye may be any colour, preferable the dye is blue, violet, green or red. Most preferably the dye is blue or violet.
  • the dye is selected from: acid blue 80, acid blue 62, acid violet 43, acid green 25, direct blue 86, acid blue 59, acid blue 98, direct violet 9, direct violet 99, direct violet 35, direct violet 51 , acid violet 50, acid yellow 3, acid red 94, acid red 51 , acid red 95, acid red 92, acid red 98, acid red 87, acid yellow 73, acid red 50, acid violet 9, acid red 52, food black 1 , food black 2, acid red 163, acid black 1 , acid orange 24, acid yellow 23, acid yellow 40, acid yellow 1 1 , acid red 180, acid red 155, acid red 1 , acid red 33, acid red 41 , acid red 19, acid orange 10, acid red 27, acid red 26, acid orange 20, acid orange 6, sulphonated Al and Zn phthalocyanines, solvent violet 13, disperse violet 26, disperse violet 28, solvent green 3, solvent blue 63, disperse blue 56, disperse violet 27, solvent yellow 33, disperse blue 79:1.
  • the dye is preferably a shading dye for imparting a
  • the dye may be covalently bound to polymeric species.
  • a combination of dyes may be used.
  • the coated detergent particle comprises from 70 to 100 wt %, more preferably 85 to 90 wt %, of a detergent composition in a package.
  • the coated detergent particles are substantially the same shape and size by this is meant that at least 90 to 100 % of the coated detergent particles in the in the x, y and z dimensions are within a 20 %, preferably 10%, variable from the largest to the smallest coated detergent particle in the corresponding dimension.
  • the particle preferably comprises from 0 to 15 wt % water, more preferably 0 to 10 wt %, most preferably from 1 to 5 wt % water, at 293K and 50% relative humidity. This facilitates the storage stability of the particle and its mechanical properties.
  • ingredients described below may be present in the coating or the core.
  • the coated detergent particle preferably comprises a fluorescent agent (optical brightener).
  • fluorescent agents are well known and many such fluorescent agents are available commercially. Usually, these fluorescent agents are supplied and used in the form of their alkali metal salts, for example, the sodium salts.
  • the total amount of the fluorescent agent or agents used in the composition is generally from 0.005 to 2 wt %, more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 wt %. Suitable Fluorescers for use in the invention are described in chapter 7 of Industrial Dyes edited by K.Hunger 2003 Wiley-VCH ISBN 3- 527-30426-6. Preferred fluorescers are selected from the classes distyrylbiphenyls,
  • the fluorescer is preferably sulphonated.
  • Preferred classes of fluorescer are: Di-styryl biphenyl compounds, e.g. Tinopal (Trade Mark) CBS-X, Di-amine stilbene di-sulphonic acid compounds, e.g. Tinopal DMS pure Xtra and Blankophor (Trade Mark) HRH, and Pyrazoline compounds, e.g. Blankophor SN.
  • Di-styryl biphenyl compounds e.g. Tinopal (Trade Mark) CBS-X
  • Di-amine stilbene di-sulphonic acid compounds e.g. Tinopal DMS pure Xtra and Blankophor (Trade Mark) HRH
  • Pyrazoline compounds e.g. Blankophor SN.
  • Preferred fluorescers are: sodium 2 (4-styryl-3-sulfophenyl)-2H-napthol[1 ,2- d]triazole, disodium 4,4'-bis ⁇ [(4-anilino-6-(N methyl-N-2 hydroxyethyl) amino 1 ,3,5-triazin- 2-yl)]amino ⁇ stilbene-2-2' disulfonate, disodium 4,4'-bis ⁇ [(4-anilino-6-morpholino-1 ,3,5- triazin-2-yl)]amino ⁇ stilbene-2-2' disulfonate, and disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl.
  • Tinopal® DMS is the disodium salt of disodium 4,4'-bis ⁇ [(4-anilino-6-morpholino-1 ,3,5- triazin-2-yl)]amino ⁇ stilbene-2-2' disulfonate.
  • Tinopal® CBS is the disodium salt of disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl.
  • the composition comprises a perfume.
  • the perfume is preferably in the range from 0.001 to 3 wt %, most preferably 0.1 to 1 wt %.
  • CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association
  • perfumes are provided in the CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association) 1992 International Buyers Guide, published by CFTA Publications and OPD 1993 Chemicals Buyers Directory 80th Annual Edition, published by Schnell Publishing Co. It is commonplace for a plurality of perfume components to be present in a formulation. In the compositions of the present invention it is envisaged that there will be four or more, preferably five or more, more preferably six or more or even seven or more different perfume components. In perfume mixtures preferably 15 to 25 wt% are top notes.
  • Top notes are defined by Poucher (Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 6(2):80 [1955]). Preferred top- notes are selected from citrus oils, linalool, linalyl acetate, lavender, dihydromyrcenol, rose oxide and cis-3-hexanol. It is preferred that the coated detergent particles do not contain a peroxygen bleach, e.g., sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, and peracid.
  • a peroxygen bleach e.g., sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, and peracid.
  • composition may comprise one or more further polymers. Examples are:
  • carboxymethylcellulose poly (ethylene glycol), polyvinyl alcohol), polyethylene imines, ethoxylated polyethylene imines, water soluble polyester polymers polycarboxylates such as polyacrylates, maleic/acrylic acid copolymers and lauryl methacrylate/acrylic acid copolymers.
  • One or more enzymes are preferably present in the composition.
  • the level of each enzyme is from 0.0001 wt% to 0.5 wt% protein.
  • enzymes include proteases, alpha-amylases, cellulases, lipases, peroxidases/oxidases, pectate lyases, and mannanases, or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable lipases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included. Examples of useful lipases include lipases from Humicola (synonym Thermomyces), e.g. from H. lanuginosa (T. lanuginosus) as described in EP 258 068 and EP 305 216 or from H. insolens as described in WO
  • a Pseudomonas lipase e.g. from P. alcaligenes or P. pseudoalcaligenes (EP 218 272), P. cepacia (EP 331 376), P. stutzeri (GB 1 ,372,034), P. fluorescens,
  • Pseudomonas sp. strain SD 705 (WO 95/06720 and WO 96/27002), P. wisconsinensis (WO 96/12012), a Bacillus lipase, e.g. from B. subtilis (Dartois et al. (1993), Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1 131 , 253-360), B. stearothermophilus (JP 64/744992) or B. pumilus (WO 91/16422).
  • lipase variants such as those described in WO 92/05249, WO 94/01541 , EP 407 225, EP 260 105, WO 95/35381 , WO 96/00292, WO 95/30744, WO 94/25578, WO 95/14783, WO 95/22615, WO 97/04079 and WO 97/07202, WO
  • Preferred lipase enzymes include LipolaseTM and Lipolase UltraTM, LipexTM (Novozymes A/S) and LipocleanTM.
  • the method of the invention may be carried out in the presence of phospholipase classified as EC 3.1.1 .4 and/or EC 3.1.1 .32.
  • phospholipase is an enzyme that has activity towards phospholipids.
  • Phospholipids such as lecithin or phosphatidylcholine, consist of glycerol esterified with two fatty acids in an outer (sn-1 ) and the middle (sn-2) positions and esterified with phosphoric acid in the third position; the phosphoric acid, in turn, may be esterified to an amino-alcohol.
  • Phospholipases are enzymes that participate in the hydrolysis of phospholipids.
  • phospholipases A1 and A2 which hydrolyze one fatty acyl group (in the sn-1 and sn-2 position, respectively) to form lysophospholipid
  • lysophospholipase or phospholipase B which can hydrolyze the remaining fatty acyl group in lysophospholipid.
  • Phospholipase C and phospholipase D release diacyl glycerol or phosphatidic acid respectively.
  • Suitable proteases include those of animal, vegetable or microbial origin. Microbial origin is preferred. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included.
  • the protease may be a serine protease or a metallo protease, preferably an alkaline microbial protease or a trypsin-like protease.
  • Suitable protease enzymes include AlcalaseTM, SavinaseTM, PrimaseTM, DuralaseTM, DyrazymTM, EsperaseTM, EverlaseTM, PolarzymeTM, and KannaseTM, (Novozymes A S), MaxataseTM, MaxacalTM, MaxapemTM, ProperaseTM, PurafectTM, Purafect OxPTM, FN2TM, and FN3TM (Genencor International Inc.).
  • the method of the invention may be carried out in the presence of cutinase. classified in EC 3.1.1 .74.
  • the cutinase used according to the invention may be of any origin.
  • cutinases are of microbial origin, in particular of bacterial, of fungal or of yeast origin.
  • Suitable amylases include those of bacterial or fungal origin.
  • Amylases include, for example, alpha-amylases obtained from Bacillus, e.g. a special strain of B. licheniformis, described in more detail in GB 1 ,296,839, or the Bacillus sp. strains disclosed in WO 95/026397 or WO 00/060060. Suitable amylases are DuramylTM, TermamylTM, Termamyl UltraTM, NatalaseTM, StainzymeTM, FungamylTM and BANTM (Novozymes A/S),
  • RapidaseTM and PurastarTM from Genencor International Inc.
  • Suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included. Suitable cellulases include cellulases from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, e.g. the fungal cellulases produced from Humicola insolens, Thielavia terrestris, Myceliophthora thermophila, and Fusarium oxysporum disclosed in US 4,435,307, US 5,648,263, US 5,691 ,178, US 5,776,757, WO 89/09259, WO 96/029397, and WO 98/012307.
  • Cellulases include CelluzymeTM, CarezymeTM, EndolaseTM, RenozymeTM (Novozymes A/S), ClazinaseTM and Puradax HATM (Genencor International Inc.), and KAC-500(B)TM (Kao Corporation).
  • Suitable peroxidases/oxidases include those of plant, bacterial or fungal origin.
  • peroxidases Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included.
  • useful peroxidases include peroxidases from Coprinus, e.g. from C. cinereus, and variants thereof as those described in WO 93/24618, WO 95/10602, and WO 98/15257.
  • Peroxidases include GuardzymeTM and NovozymTM 51004 (Novozymes A/S).
  • Any enzyme present in the composition may be stabilized using conventional stabilizing agents, e.g., a polyol such as propylene glycol or glycerol, a sugar or sugar alcohol, lactic acid, boric acid, or a boric acid derivative, e.g., an aromatic borate ester, or a phenyl boronic acid derivative such as 4-formylphenyl boronic acid, and the composition may be formulated as described in e.g. WO 92/19709 and WO 92/19708.
  • a polyol such as propylene glycol or glycerol
  • a sugar or sugar alcohol lactic acid, boric acid, or a boric acid derivative, e.g., an aromatic borate ester, or a phenyl boronic acid derivative such as 4-formylphenyl boronic acid
  • Sequestrants may be present in the detergent particles.
  • coated large detergent particles are manufactured, following the process in PCT/EP2010/055256.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of the coated particles Surfactant raw materials were mixed together to give a 67 wt% active paste comprising 85 parts LAS (linear alkyl benzene sulphonate), 15 parts Nonionic Surfactant.
  • Nonionic BASF Lutensol AO30
  • the paste was pre-heated to the feed temperature and fed to the top of a wiped film evaporator to reduce the moisture content and produce a solid intimate surfactant blend, which passed the calcium tolerance test.
  • the conditions used to produce this LAS/NI blend are given in Table 1.
  • the dried surfactant blend dropped onto a chill roll, where it was cooled to less than 30°C.
  • the cooled dried surfactant blend particles were milled using a hammer mill, 2% Alusil® was also added to the hammer mill as a mill aid.
  • the resulting milled material is hygroscopic and so it was stored in sealed containers.
  • the cooled dried milled composition was fed to a twin-screw co-rotating extruder fitted with a shaped orifice plate and cutter blade. A number of other components were also dosed into the extruder as shown in Table 2.
  • the particles were then coated using a Strea 1 fluid bed.
  • the coating was added as an aqueous solution and coating completed under conditions given in Table 3.
  • Coating wt% is based on weight of the coated particle.
  • Coated particles composition is given in Table 4.
  • the coated extruded particles have an excellent appearance due to their high surface smoothness. Without wishing to be bound by theory it is thought that this is because the uncoated particles are larger and more flattened than usual detergent particles and that their core has a much lower solids content than usual (indeed it is free of solid structuring materials, unlike prior art coated extruded particles).
  • the BD container was fitted with a removable collar to extend the height of the container. This extended container was then filled via the poured BD technique. The extended container was then placed on a Retsch Sieve Shaker and allowed to vibrate/tap for 5 min using the 0.2mm/"g" setting on the instrument. The collar was then removed and the excess powder levelled as per the standard BD measurement, the mass of the container measured and the Tapped BD calculated in the usual way.
  • Standard DFR Dynamic Flow Rate
  • a cylindrical glass tube having an internal diameter of 35 mm and a length of 600 mm.
  • the tube is securely clamped with its longitudinal axis vertical. Its lower end is terminated by means of a smooth cone of polyvinyl chloride having an internal angle of 15 DEG and a lower outlet orifice of diameter 22.5 mm.
  • a beam sensor is positioned 150 mm above the outlet, and a second beam sensor is positioned 250 mm above the first sensor.
  • the outlet orifice is temporarily closed, for example, by covering with a piece of card, and detergent composition is poured into the top of the cylinder until the detergent composition level is about 100 mm above the upper sensor. The outlet is then opened and the time t
  • the DFR of the uncoated crystals was worse than the smaller spherical coated particles under both tests (tapped and untapped). Uncoated crystals do however, flow much better than the uncoated prior art powders. It is thus feasible to use a small proportion of uncoated crystals in the composition, say up to 30% of the total particles, preferably up to 15% by number.
  • the coated crystals despite their superior appearance to the uncoated crystals have a lower DFR then the uncoated ones, hence the coating is improving appearance but not the flow.
  • the coated crystals do have a very consistent DFR as seen in table 3 (in fact they seem to flow the same way reliably no matter what their history).
  • Figure 1 shows a packaged product according to one aspect of the invention with reservoir, cap and shuttle in exploded view
  • Figure 2 shows the packaged product of figure 1 in perspective with reservoir, cap and shuttle in exploded view;
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged side view of the shuttle of the package product of figure 1
  • Figure 4 shows an enlarged top plan view of the reservoir of the package product of figure 1
  • Figure 5 shows and enlarged schematic view of a positive closure mechanism of the reservoir-closure mechanism according to one embodiment of the invention
  • a packaged product 1 comprising a combination of a concentrated particulate detergent composition (shown in cut away view in figure 1 and referenced 3 and via top view in figure 4) contained in an opaque package.
  • At least 70 % by number of the particles of the composition comprise a hard coating and each particle has perpendicular dimensions x, y and z, wherein x is from 0.2 to 2 mm, y is from 2.5 to 8mm (preferably 3 to 8 mm), and z is from 2.5 to 8 mm (preferably 3 to 8 mm).
  • Approximately half by number of the particles are white and approximately half by number of the particles are coloured blue or in other embodiments green, pink, purple, orange, lilac.
  • the package comprises a reservoir 5 and closure 7 with neck 9 for storing said composition, said closure 7 and reservoir 5 being rotatably inter-engageable via respective inter-engagement screw-thread portions (shown only on the neck 9 and referenced 9a and closure 7 via a positive closure mechanism 15 (shown more clearly in Fig 5) such that the closure 7 may only be rotated off the reservoir 5 to allow removal of the closure 7, if a secondary force is applied at the same time as the rotating force.
  • the configuration of the invention advantageously provides a product with both coloured and white particles such that the white particles enhance the visual effect of the coloured particles for accurate dosing.
  • the coloured particles are protected from light degradation, moisture and spillage due to the inadvertent opening due to the positive closure.
  • the positive closure mechanism 15 comprises a 'pinch and twist' opening mechanism such that the closure 7 must be pinched (by application of a radial force inward on the closure 7) and simultaneously twisted in order to rotate the closure 7 off the reservoir 5.
  • the inter-engagement comprises a push and twist opening mechanism, whereby the closure 7 must be pushed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bottle 5 and simultaneously rotated for removal from the reservoir 5.
  • Opacity is provided by an outer shrink sleeve on the reservoir 5 and for other components via .
  • opacity is achieved by integral packaging material features such as a light blocking additive.
  • the base of the reservoir 5 is also opaque. The package may be inadvertently left to rest on their side, exposing the contents to light radiation. However, if the base is opaque, this problem is eliminated or lessened.
  • the reservoir 5-closure 7 interconnection incorporates audible feedback to confirm to the user when the closure 7 has moved to the closed position with the pinch and twist mechanism engaged. This saves time for the user as it quickly informs when the package is properly closed. Audible feedback is achieved by the positive closure mechanism 15 comprising snap-fit features as shown more clearly in Figure 5.
  • the positive closure mechanism 15 may comprise a tangentially hooked recess C located on the reservoir neck thread 9a and a correspondingly shaped lug 25 on the closure 7.
  • the tangentially hooked recess C is orientated with a smooth lead in B such that rotation of the closure 7 brings the lug 25 towards the opening (i.e. during closure) past B to an angular profile or undercut A. Rotation of the lug past the angular profile/undercut A provides audible feedback as the lug drops into the recess C and snaps into position.
  • the reservoir 5 comprises:
  • chamfered corner portions 13 which are concave and project into the volume of the reservoir 5.
  • the hard coated particles of the invention are free flowing and mobile across the surface and they slide along the smooth surfaces 1 1 gathering speed but then impacting the deflection areas 13 provided by the chamfered corners so creating noise and providing audio feedback to the consumer that the reservoir 5 is not yet empty.
  • the reservoir 5 shape also provides for a front face having a large canvas as would be provided by a carton but at the same time a wide viewing angle as provided by a cylindrical bottle such that the main marketing graphics come into view as the package is approached from the side. This is especially useful for concentrated particulates where the pack size and in particular the front face is considerably smaller than traditional powder packages (boxes, cartons).
  • the chamfered sections also provide gripping areas to increase purchase while the user grips the package, pours, removes closure 7. This is especially advantageous where a pinch and twist mechanism is incorporated
  • the packaged product further includes a dosing device, such as a shuttle 30 with a cross section corresponding to that of the reservoir 5.
  • the packaging has an opacity such that its light transmittance is less than 25% at wavelength of about 410-800 nm (in the visible part of the spectrum).
  • the packaging light transmittance is less than 10% at wavelength of about 410-800 nm (in the visible part of the spectrum). Even more preferably it is less than 5% at wavelength of about 410-800 nm (in the visible part of the spectrum).
  • Suitable materials for the package include, but are not limited to: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyamides (PA) and/or polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PVC polyvinylchloride
  • PS polystyrene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the container may formed by extrusion, moulding e.g. blow moulding from a preform or by thermoforming or by injection moulding.
  • a packaged product 1 comprising a combination of a concentrated particulate detergent composition 5 (according to as described herein, including any of the above examples of the invention) and a package 3, said package 3 comprising a unitary dosing device and closure 7.
  • the package comprises an elongate, upright reservoir 5 7 for storing the composition.
  • the package is a bottle 5.
  • the package has a narrow dispensing aperture19, approximately 2-5 cm in diameter, here approximately 3-4 cm.
  • the positive closure mechanism 15 avoids the flow properties being affected by ingress of large amounts of moisture, which could lead to stickiness.
  • the closure mechanism comprises a snap-fit mechanism without screw threaded engagement but preferably with audible feedback to signal positively to the consumer that the package is closed.
  • the circular shaped aperture 19 allows pouring from any angle.
  • the bottle 5 is transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) whereas the dosing closure is
  • polypropylene PP
  • Suitable materials for the package include, but are not limited to polycarbonate (PC), polyamides (PA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylchloride (PVC); and polystyrene (PS).
  • the container may formed by extrusion, moulding e.g. blow moulding from a preform or by thermoforming or by injection moulding. It is of course to be understood that the invention is not intended to be restricted to the details of the above embodiment which are described by way of example only.

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  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un produit emballé (1) comprenant une combinaison d'une composition détergente particulaire concentrée (3) contenue dans un emballage opaque, au moins 70 % en nombre des particules de la composition comprenant un revêtement dur et une partie en nombre des particules étant blanche et une partie en nombre des particules étant colorée, autre que blanc et ledit emballage comprenant un réservoir (5) et une fermeture (7) pour stocker ladite composition, ladite fermeture (7) et le réservoir (5) étant aptes à coopérer en rotation par l'intermédiaire de parties d'engagement mutuel respectives (filetages de vis) de telle sorte que la fermeture (7) puisse uniquement être mise en rotation pour la séparer du réservoir (5) pour permettre le retrait de la fermeture (7), si une force secondaire est appliquée en même temps que la force de rotation, le réservoir (5) comprenant : (a) une face d'étiquette primaire (20) et une face d'étiquette arrière; (b) une section transversale en forme de parallélogramme incurvé (c) au moins une partie d'angle lisse incurvée (d) deux parties d'angle concaves chanfreinées situées au niveau des angles diagonalement opposés du réservoir (5) de telle sorte que la face d'étiquette primaire (20) soit décalée par rapport à ladite face d'étiquette arrière et ladite partie d'angle chanfreinée présente une face d'angle chanfreinée correspondante (22) visible depuis l'avant de telle sorte que la vue avant soit double face.
PCT/EP2018/064272 2017-06-21 2018-05-30 Emballage et distribution de compositions détergentes WO2018234003A1 (fr)

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EP17177257 2017-06-21
EP17177257.7 2017-06-21

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WO2018234003A1 true WO2018234003A1 (fr) 2018-12-27

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022069230A1 (fr) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-07 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Emballage pour particules de parfum

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WO2012048955A1 (fr) * 2010-10-14 2012-04-19 Unilever Plc Conditionnement et distribution de compositions de détergent
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WO1994025578A1 (fr) 1993-04-27 1994-11-10 Gist-Brocades N.V. Nouveaux variants de lipase utilises dans des detergents
WO1995006720A1 (fr) 1993-08-30 1995-03-09 Showa Denko K.K. Nouvelle lipase, micro-organisme la produisant, procede de production de cette lipase, et utilisation de ladite lipase
WO1995010602A1 (fr) 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Novo Nordisk A/S Variants de peroxydase stables par rapport a h2o¿2?
WO1995014783A1 (fr) 1993-11-24 1995-06-01 Showa Denko K.K. Gene de lipase et lipase variante
WO1995022615A1 (fr) 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Novo Nordisk A/S Procede pour preparer un variant d'une enzyme lipolytique
WO1995026397A1 (fr) 1994-03-29 1995-10-05 Novo Nordisk A/S Amylase alcaline issue d'un bacille
WO1995030744A2 (fr) 1994-05-04 1995-11-16 Genencor International Inc. Lipases a resistance aux tensioactifs amelioree
WO1995035381A1 (fr) 1994-06-20 1995-12-28 Unilever N.V. Lipases modifiees provenant de pseudomonas et leur utilisation
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WO1996013580A1 (fr) 1994-10-26 1996-05-09 Novo Nordisk A/S Enzyme a activite lipolytique
WO1996027002A1 (fr) 1995-02-27 1996-09-06 Novo Nordisk A/S Nouveau gene de lipase et procede de production de lipase a l'aide de celui-ci
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EP1187903A1 (fr) 1999-06-21 2002-03-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede d'enrobage de granules de detergent dans un lit fluidise
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WO2009111258A2 (fr) 2008-02-29 2009-09-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition détergente comprenant une lipase
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WO2012048955A1 (fr) * 2010-10-14 2012-04-19 Unilever Plc Conditionnement et distribution de compositions de détergent
US20120241405A1 (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-09-27 Peter Lobbestael Method and apparatus for making a light weight container
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022069230A1 (fr) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-07 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Emballage pour particules de parfum

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