WO2018227827A1 - Method for designing vehicle-mounted antenna - Google Patents

Method for designing vehicle-mounted antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018227827A1
WO2018227827A1 PCT/CN2017/105458 CN2017105458W WO2018227827A1 WO 2018227827 A1 WO2018227827 A1 WO 2018227827A1 CN 2017105458 W CN2017105458 W CN 2017105458W WO 2018227827 A1 WO2018227827 A1 WO 2018227827A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
vehicle body
designing
antenna
sector
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PCT/CN2017/105458
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吕文俊
李晴
王生光
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南京邮电大学
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Publication of WO2018227827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018227827A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a design method of a vehicle antenna, and belongs to the technical field of microwave and antenna.
  • a variety of antennas mounted on the surface of high-speed moving vehicles can generally be collectively referred to as "vehicle antennas".
  • vehicle antennas Some notable features of this type of antenna include: (1) a large area of metal vehicles (or ships, ships, aircraft, stars) around the antenna; (2) antennas with a wide range of elevation and azimuth beams, so that Fully capture the scattered components from different directions, overcome the fading of wireless signals; (3) In order to meet the communication between vehicles, the antenna is required to maintain a sufficient radiation level in the direction parallel to the metal body.
  • Commonly used vehicle antenna forms include monopole antennas, patch antennas, inverted L or inverted F antennas.
  • the monopole antenna has a high gain omnidirectional covering characteristic, but the cross-sectional size is large, and the bump is on the surface of the vehicle body, which affects both the appearance and the damage.
  • the patch antenna has high gain and low profile, but the working bandwidth is narrow and the beam is sharp. Generally, the radiation zero is presented in parallel with the vehicle body, which cannot meet the needs of communication between vehicles; the cross-sectional size of the inverted L or inverted F antenna is between the above two Between the two, there is an omnidirectional coverage characteristic of medium working bandwidth, but only a lower radiation level parallel to the direction of the vehicle body.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a design method of a vehicle-mounted antenna, which is composed of a short-circuiting radiation unit, a pair of slots, a feeding point, and a metal reflector, and the slot-shaped patch unit is disturbed by slotting.
  • Resonant radiation mode to achieve dual harmonic broadband matching operation characteristics.
  • the vehicle antenna has the characteristics of low profile, simple structure, low cost, and easy process realization. Therefore, the antenna design method can be widely applied to various fields.
  • the present invention provides a method for designing a vehicle-mounted antenna.
  • a fan-shaped patch unit is disposed above the metal reflector, and two straight sides of the fan-shaped patch unit are short-circuited with the metal reflector through a short-circuit surface to form a short circuit.
  • the fan-shaped patch unit is an excellent-angle structure with an angle ranging from 190° to 350°.
  • the metal reflector is mounted on the surface of the vehicle body.
  • the metal reflector is embedded in the interior of the vehicle body by window opening, and is connected to the vehicle body through the metal sash structure.
  • the length of the two slots is a high-order resonant mode corresponding to 1/10 to 1/2 of the operating wavelength
  • the width is a high-order resonant mode corresponding to 1/5 to 1/40 of the operating wavelength
  • the present invention provides an in-vehicle antenna produced by the method of any of the above.
  • the feed point is arranged between the two slots.
  • the present invention Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention utilizes a plurality of resonant radiation modes of the slotted disturbing fan-shaped patch unit to realize the dual harmonic broadband matching working characteristic; the vehicle antenna realized by the present invention
  • the utility model relates to a broadband vehicle antenna with simple structure, low profile, small volume and low production cost, so the method can be widely applied to various fields.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram showing the front structure and reference coordinates of an antenna designed by the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure and reference coordinates of an antenna designed by the method of the present invention.
  • 1 is a fan-shaped patch unit
  • 21 and 22 are slotted
  • 3 is a feeding point
  • 4 is a metal reflector
  • 5 is a superior angle structure.
  • Figure 3 is an antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated using IE3D software.
  • Figure 5 is an antenna gain map calculated using IE3D software.
  • the invention provides a design method of a vehicle-mounted antenna, which is designed by simultaneously designing a short-circuited radiation unit having an excellent angle structure on a metal reflector and introducing a symmetric slotted structure therein to realize simultaneous excitation of low-order and high-order resonance modes. , to achieve dual harmonic broadband matching characteristics.
  • the metal reflector can be mounted on the surface of the vehicle body, or can be embedded in the interior of the vehicle body by window opening, and connected to the vehicle body through the metal window frame structure.
  • the antenna of the present invention produces a coverage gain of not less than -6 dBi in a direction parallel to the vehicle body (ie, in a direction parallel to the metal reflector); in the main lobe of the radiation, the antenna elevation plane and the azimuth plane should have Uniform coverage characteristics with fluctuations no greater than 12 dB.
  • an in-vehicle broadband antenna designed by the method of the present invention includes a sector-shaped patch unit 1, slots 21 and 22, a feed point 3, and a metal reflector 4.
  • the sector-shaped patch unit 1 has an angular structure 5 of an angular range ranging from 190° to 350°.
  • the straight side of the sector-shaped patch unit 1 is short-circuited with the metal reflector 4 through a short-circuited surface to constitute a short-circuiting radiation unit.
  • the metal reflector 4 can be directly mounted on the surface of the vehicle body, and is also embedded in the interior of the vehicle body through a window opening method. It is connected to the vehicle body through a metal sash structure.
  • the slots 21 and 22 introduced into the interior of the radiating unit are shorted (ie, two slots are provided on the sector patch unit 1), and one end of the slot is directed to the vertex of the superior structure 5 (ie, the center of the sector patch unit 1)
  • the other end terminates at the curved edge of the fan-shaped patch unit 1
  • the slots 21 and 22 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the angular bisector of the good-angle structure 5 to simultaneously excite the low-order and high-order resonant modes to achieve double-harmonic broadband matching. characteristic.
  • the lengths of the slots 21 and 22 are in the range of 1/10-1/2 of the operating wavelength of the high-order resonant mode, and the width of the slots 21 and 22 is in the range of 1/5-1/40 of the operating wavelength of the higher-order resonant mode.
  • the good angle structure 5 is 240°
  • the feeding point 3 is implemented according to the coaxial line feeding mode
  • the lengths of the slots 21 and 22 are higher order resonant modes corresponding to 1/4 of the working wavelength, and the width is higher order.
  • the resonant mode corresponds to 1/25 of the operating wavelength.
  • the antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated by IE3D software has an impedance bandwidth of 2.48-3.16 GHz, a center frequency of 2.82 GHz, a relative bandwidth of 24.11%, and two resonance points in the impedance bandwidth, indicating that the antenna has Dual mode resonance characteristics.
  • (a) and (b) in Fig. 4 respectively give directions of two main working planes (zox plane and xoy plane) at a frequency of 2.5 GHz.
  • the broken line is the E ⁇ component
  • the short dotted line is the E ⁇ component
  • the solid line is the E total component.
  • the gain is within +/- 75 degrees of elevation angle.
  • the fluctuation of the radiation gain is not more than 5dB, and the fluctuation of the radiation gain is not more than 7.5dB within the elevation angle of +/-90 degrees, which indicates that the antenna has both unidirectional radiation characteristics and relatively uniform pitch coverage characteristics; in (b), the broken line is the E ⁇ component.
  • the short dot line is the E ⁇ component, the solid line is the E total component, and the antenna radiation fluctuation is not more than 1.6 dB, and still has good uniform coverage characteristics.
  • Figure 5 shows the radiation gain frequency response curve of the antenna in the +z and +x directions.
  • the average gain in the +z direction can reach 1.2dBi, +x direction (parallel to the reflector direction).
  • the average gain can reach -4.1dBi.
  • the antenna has a wider operating frequency band, and the uniform radiation coverage characteristics of the antenna's pitch and azimuth planes have higher gains in the main lobe of the radiation.
  • the method of the present invention can achieve a working bandwidth of more than 20%, a uniform pitch and azimuth beam, and a sufficiently strong radiation level parallel to the direction of the vehicle body.
  • the antenna realized by the method has low profile characteristics, has wide frequency band and uniform coverage, and can be directly conformally integrated on the vehicle surface, and has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, low profile size, simple process, and easy realization.
  • the application field is very extensive.

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical fields of microwaves and antennas, and discloses a method for designing a vehicle-mounted antenna. By means of designing a shorted radiating unit having a reflex-angle structure above a metal reflector and by means of introducing a symmetric slotted structure therein, simultaneous excitation of low-order and high-order resonant modes is achieved, thus achieving the characteristic of dual-harmonic broadband matching. The metal reflector may be installed on a surface of a vehicle body, and may be embedded in the interior of the vehicle body by means of opening a window and may be connected to the vehicle body by means of a metal window frame structure, and in the direction parallel to the vehicle body, produce a coverage gain of not less than -6dBi. Within the main lobe of radiation thereof, the pitch plane and azimuth plane of the antenna should both have the characteristics of uniform coverage which fluctuates no more than 12 dB.

Description

一种车载天线的设计方法Design method of vehicle antenna 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种车载天线的设计方法，属于微波与天线技术领域。The invention relates to a design method of a vehicle antenna, and belongs to the technical field of microwave and antenna.
背景技术Background technique
各种安装在高速移动的车辆(或舰艇、飞行器、航天器等)表面的天线，一般可广义统称为“车载天线”。这类天线的一些显著特征包括：(1)天线周围存在较大面积的金属车(或船、舰、机、星)体；(2)天线具有较宽的俯仰面波束和方位面波束，以便充分捕捉来自不同方向上的散射分量、克服无线信号衰落；(3)为了满足车辆之间的通信，要求天线在平行于金属车体的方向上仍然保持足够的辐射电平。A variety of antennas mounted on the surface of high-speed moving vehicles (or ships, aircraft, spacecraft, etc.) can generally be collectively referred to as "vehicle antennas". Some notable features of this type of antenna include: (1) a large area of metal vehicles (or ships, ships, aircraft, stars) around the antenna; (2) antennas with a wide range of elevation and azimuth beams, so that Fully capture the scattered components from different directions, overcome the fading of wireless signals; (3) In order to meet the communication between vehicles, the antenna is required to maintain a sufficient radiation level in the direction parallel to the metal body.
常用的车载天线形态包括单极子天线、贴片天线、倒L或倒F天线等。单极子天线具有增益较高的全向覆盖特性，但是剖面尺寸较大，突兀在车体表面，既影响美观，又容易损坏。贴片天线增益高、剖面低，但工作带宽窄、波束较尖锐，通常在平行于车体方向呈现辐射零点，无法满足车辆间通信的需要；倒L或倒F天线的剖面尺寸介于上述两者之间，具有中等工作带宽的全向覆盖特性，但在平行于车体方向只有较低的辐射电平。Commonly used vehicle antenna forms include monopole antennas, patch antennas, inverted L or inverted F antennas. The monopole antenna has a high gain omnidirectional covering characteristic, but the cross-sectional size is large, and the bump is on the surface of the vehicle body, which affects both the appearance and the damage. The patch antenna has high gain and low profile, but the working bandwidth is narrow and the beam is sharp. Generally, the radiation zero is presented in parallel with the vehicle body, which cannot meet the needs of communication between vehicles; the cross-sectional size of the inverted L or inverted F antenna is between the above two Between the two, there is an omnidirectional coverage characteristic of medium working bandwidth, but only a lower radiation level parallel to the direction of the vehicle body.
因此，有必要研究一种具备上述天线优点、又能在平行于车体方向上产生足够覆盖能力的新型天线设计方法。Therefore, it is necessary to study a new antenna design method that has the advantages of the above-mentioned antennas and can provide sufficient coverage in parallel with the direction of the vehicle body.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种车载天线的设计方法，由短接辐射单元、一对开槽、馈电点、金属反射器构成该车载天线，利用开槽扰动扇形贴片单元的多个谐振辐射模式，以实现双谐宽带匹配工作特性。该车载天线具有剖面低，结构简单，成本低廉，工艺易实现等特点，因此该天线设计方法可广泛应用到多个领域中。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a design method of a vehicle-mounted antenna, which is composed of a short-circuiting radiation unit, a pair of slots, a feeding point, and a metal reflector, and the slot-shaped patch unit is disturbed by slotting. Resonant radiation mode to achieve dual harmonic broadband matching operation characteristics. The vehicle antenna has the characteristics of low profile, simple structure, low cost, and easy process realization. Therefore, the antenna design method can be widely applied to various fields.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:
一方面，本发明提供一种车载天线的设计方法，在金属反射器的上方设置一个扇形贴片单元，该扇形贴片单元的两个直边通过短路面与金属反射器短接，构成短接辐射单元；在扇形贴片单元上设置两个从其弧形边缘向圆心延伸的开槽，两个开槽关于扇形贴片单元的角平分线对称；在扇形贴片单元上设置馈电点，以激励短接辐射单元。In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for designing a vehicle-mounted antenna. A fan-shaped patch unit is disposed above the metal reflector, and two straight sides of the fan-shaped patch unit are short-circuited with the metal reflector through a short-circuit surface to form a short circuit. a radiating unit; two slots extending from the curved edge to the center of the circle are disposed on the fan-shaped patch unit, the two slots are symmetric about an angle bisector of the fan-shaped patch unit; and a feeding point is set on the fan-shaped patch unit, To short the radiation unit by excitation.
作为本发明的进一步技术方案，扇形贴片单元为优角结构，角度范围为190°至350°。As a further technical solution of the present invention, the fan-shaped patch unit is an excellent-angle structure with an angle ranging from 190° to 350°.
作为本发明的进一步技术方案，金属反射器安装在车体表面。 As a further technical solution of the present invention, the metal reflector is mounted on the surface of the vehicle body.
作为本发明的进一步技术方案，金属反射器通过开窗方式嵌入车体内部、通过金属窗框结构与车体连接。As a further technical solution of the present invention, the metal reflector is embedded in the interior of the vehicle body by window opening, and is connected to the vehicle body through the metal sash structure.
作为本发明的进一步技术方案，两个开槽的长度为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/10至1/2，宽度为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/5至1/40。As a further technical solution of the present invention, the length of the two slots is a high-order resonant mode corresponding to 1/10 to 1/2 of the operating wavelength, and the width is a high-order resonant mode corresponding to 1/5 to 1/40 of the operating wavelength.
另一方面，本发明还提供一种车载天线，由上述任一所述的方法制得。In another aspect, the present invention provides an in-vehicle antenna produced by the method of any of the above.
作为本发明的进一步技术方案，馈电点设置在两个开槽之间。As a further technical solution of the invention, the feed point is arranged between the two slots.
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：本发明利用开槽扰动扇形贴片单元的多个谐振辐射模式，以实现双谐宽带匹配工作特性；本发明实现的车载天线是一种结构简单、剖面低、体积小、制作成本低廉的宽带车载天线，因此该方法可广泛应用到多个领域中。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention utilizes a plurality of resonant radiation modes of the slotted disturbing fan-shaped patch unit to realize the dual harmonic broadband matching working characteristic; the vehicle antenna realized by the present invention The utility model relates to a broadband vehicle antenna with simple structure, low profile, small volume and low production cost, so the method can be widely applied to various fields.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明方法设计的天线的正面结构与参考坐标示意图。1 is a schematic diagram showing the front structure and reference coordinates of an antenna designed by the method of the present invention.
图2是本发明方法设计的天线的三维立体结构与参考坐标示意图。2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure and reference coordinates of an antenna designed by the method of the present invention.
其中，1是扇形贴片单元，21和22是开槽，3是馈电点，4是金属反射器，5是优角结构。Among them, 1 is a fan-shaped patch unit, 21 and 22 are slotted, 3 is a feeding point, 4 is a metal reflector, and 5 is a superior angle structure.
图3是利用IE3D软件计算的天线反射系数特性。Figure 3 is an antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated using IE3D software.
图4是利用IE3D软件计算的天线方向图，其中，(a)是zox平面，(b)是xoy平面。4 is an antenna pattern calculated using IE3D software, where (a) is a zox plane and (b) is a xoy plane.
图5是利用IE3D软件计算的天线增益图。Figure 5 is an antenna gain map calculated using IE3D software.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
本发明提供一种车载天线的设计方法，通过在金属反射器的上方设计具有优角结构的短接辐射单元，并在其内部引入对称开槽结构，实现低阶与高阶谐振模式的同时激发，实现双谐宽带匹配特性。本发明中，金属反射器既可以安装在车体表面，也可以通过开窗方式嵌入车体内部、通过金属窗框结构与车体连接在一起。本发明的天线在平行于车体的方向上(即平行于金属反射器的方向上)，产生不低于-6dBi的覆盖增益；在其辐射主瓣内，天线俯仰面、方位面均应具有波动不大于12dB的均匀覆盖特性。The invention provides a design method of a vehicle-mounted antenna, which is designed by simultaneously designing a short-circuited radiation unit having an excellent angle structure on a metal reflector and introducing a symmetric slotted structure therein to realize simultaneous excitation of low-order and high-order resonance modes. , to achieve dual harmonic broadband matching characteristics. In the present invention, the metal reflector can be mounted on the surface of the vehicle body, or can be embedded in the interior of the vehicle body by window opening, and connected to the vehicle body through the metal window frame structure. The antenna of the present invention produces a coverage gain of not less than -6 dBi in a direction parallel to the vehicle body (ie, in a direction parallel to the metal reflector); in the main lobe of the radiation, the antenna elevation plane and the azimuth plane should have Uniform coverage characteristics with fluctuations no greater than 12 dB.
如图1和图2所示，本发明的方法设计的一种车载宽带天线，包括扇形贴片单元1、开槽21和22、馈电点3和金属反射器4。扇形贴片单元1具有一定角度范围的优角结构5，其角度范围为190°至350°。扇形贴片单元1的直边通过短路面与金属反射器4短接，构成短接辐射单元。金属反射器4既可直接安装在车体表面，也通过开窗方式嵌入车体内部、 通过金属窗框结构与车体连接在一起。短接辐射单元的内部引入的开槽21和22(即在扇形贴片单元1上设置两个开槽)，开槽的一端指向优角结构5的顶点(即扇形贴片单元1的圆心)，另一端终止于扇形贴片单元1的弧形边缘，开槽21和22关于优角结构5的角平分线呈对称分布，用以同时激发低阶与高阶谐振模式，实现双谐宽带匹配特性。开槽21和22的长度范围为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/10-1/2，开槽21和22的宽度范围为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/5-1/40。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an in-vehicle broadband antenna designed by the method of the present invention includes a sector-shaped patch unit 1, slots 21 and 22, a feed point 3, and a metal reflector 4. The sector-shaped patch unit 1 has an angular structure 5 of an angular range ranging from 190° to 350°. The straight side of the sector-shaped patch unit 1 is short-circuited with the metal reflector 4 through a short-circuited surface to constitute a short-circuiting radiation unit. The metal reflector 4 can be directly mounted on the surface of the vehicle body, and is also embedded in the interior of the vehicle body through a window opening method. It is connected to the vehicle body through a metal sash structure. The slots 21 and 22 introduced into the interior of the radiating unit are shorted (ie, two slots are provided on the sector patch unit 1), and one end of the slot is directed to the vertex of the superior structure 5 (ie, the center of the sector patch unit 1) The other end terminates at the curved edge of the fan-shaped patch unit 1, and the slots 21 and 22 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the angular bisector of the good-angle structure 5 to simultaneously excite the low-order and high-order resonant modes to achieve double-harmonic broadband matching. characteristic. The lengths of the slots 21 and 22 are in the range of 1/10-1/2 of the operating wavelength of the high-order resonant mode, and the width of the slots 21 and 22 is in the range of 1/5-1/40 of the operating wavelength of the higher-order resonant mode.
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments:
本实施例中，优角结构5为240°、馈电点3按照同轴线馈电方式实施、开槽21和22的长度为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/4、宽度为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/25。如图3所示的采用IE3D软件计算的天线反射系数特性，天线的阻抗带宽为2.48-3.16GHz,中心频率为2.82GHz,相对带宽为24.11％，阻抗带宽内具有两个谐振点，表明天线具有双模谐振特性。In this embodiment, the good angle structure 5 is 240°, the feeding point 3 is implemented according to the coaxial line feeding mode, and the lengths of the slots 21 and 22 are higher order resonant modes corresponding to 1/4 of the working wavelength, and the width is higher order. The resonant mode corresponds to 1/25 of the operating wavelength. As shown in Figure 3, the antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated by IE3D software has an impedance bandwidth of 2.48-3.16 GHz, a center frequency of 2.82 GHz, a relative bandwidth of 24.11%, and two resonance points in the impedance bandwidth, indicating that the antenna has Dual mode resonance characteristics.
按照本实施例的实施方式，对照图1中的参考坐标系，图4中的(a)和(b)分别给出了2.5GHz频率时两个主工作平面(zox面与xoy面)的方向图。其中，(a)中，虚线为Eθ分量，短点线为Eφ分量，实线为Etotal分量，由图可知，在zox面的辐射主瓣内，+/-75度仰角范围内增益波动不大于5dB，+/-90度仰角范围内辐射增益波动不大于7.5dB，表明天线既具有单向辐射特性，又具有相对均匀的俯仰覆盖特性；(b)中，虚线为Eθ分量，短点线为Eφ分量，实线为Etotal分量，天线的辐射波动不大于1.6dB，仍具有良好的均匀覆盖特性。According to the embodiment of the present embodiment, with reference to the reference coordinate system in Fig. 1, (a) and (b) in Fig. 4 respectively give directions of two main working planes (zox plane and xoy plane) at a frequency of 2.5 GHz. Figure. Among them, in (a), the broken line is the E θ component, the short dotted line is the E φ component, and the solid line is the E total component. As can be seen from the figure, within the radiation main lobe of the zox plane, the gain is within +/- 75 degrees of elevation angle. The fluctuation of the radiation gain is not more than 5dB, and the fluctuation of the radiation gain is not more than 7.5dB within the elevation angle of +/-90 degrees, which indicates that the antenna has both unidirectional radiation characteristics and relatively uniform pitch coverage characteristics; in (b), the broken line is the E θ component. The short dot line is the E φ component, the solid line is the E total component, and the antenna radiation fluctuation is not more than 1.6 dB, and still has good uniform coverage characteristics.
图5给出了天线在+z轴和+x轴方向的辐射增益频响曲线，在天线工作频段内，+z方向的平均增益可达1.2dBi，+x方向(平行于反射器方向)的平均增益可达-4.1dBi。由图3-图5可知，天线具有较宽的工作频带，以及在其辐射主瓣内，天线的俯仰面、方位面均具有较高增益的均匀辐射覆盖特性。Figure 5 shows the radiation gain frequency response curve of the antenna in the +z and +x directions. In the antenna operating band, the average gain in the +z direction can reach 1.2dBi, +x direction (parallel to the reflector direction). The average gain can reach -4.1dBi. As can be seen from FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, the antenna has a wider operating frequency band, and the uniform radiation coverage characteristics of the antenna's pitch and azimuth planes have higher gains in the main lobe of the radiation.
综上所述，本发明的方法既能实现超过20％的工作带宽，又具有均匀的俯仰面和方位面波束，还能在平行于车体方向上产生足够强的辐射电平。采用本方法实现的天线具有低剖面特性，具有宽频带、均匀覆盖的工作特性，不仅可以直接共形集成在车辆表面，而且具有结构简单、体积小、剖面尺寸低、工艺简易、便于实现等优点，应用领域十分广泛。In summary, the method of the present invention can achieve a working bandwidth of more than 20%, a uniform pitch and azimuth beam, and a sufficiently strong radiation level parallel to the direction of the vehicle body. The antenna realized by the method has low profile characteristics, has wide frequency band and uniform coverage, and can be directly conformally integrated on the vehicle surface, and has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, low profile size, simple process, and easy realization. The application field is very extensive.
以上所述，仅为本发明中的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉该技术的人在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可理解想到的变换或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的包含范围之内，因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。 The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand the alteration or replacement within the scope of the technical scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention should be construed as being included in the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种车载天线的设计方法，其特征在于，在金属反射器(4)的上方设置一个扇形贴片单元(1)，该扇形贴片单元(1)的两个直边通过短路面与金属反射器(4)短接，构成短接辐射单元；在扇形贴片单元(1)上设置两个从其弧形边缘向圆心延伸的开槽(21，22)，两个开槽(21，22)关于扇形贴片单元(1)的角平分线对称；在扇形贴片单元(1)上设置馈电点(3)，以激励短接辐射单元。A method for designing a vehicle antenna, characterized in that a sector-shaped patch unit (1) is disposed above the metal reflector (4), and two straight sides of the sector-shaped patch unit (1) pass through a short-circuit surface and a metal reflection The device (4) is short-circuited to form a short-circuiting radiation unit; two slots (21, 22) extending from the curved edge to the center of the circle are provided on the sector-shaped patch unit (1), and two slots (21, 22) Regarding the angular bisector of the sector-shaped patch unit (1), a feeding point (3) is provided on the sector-shaped patch unit (1) to excite the short-circuiting radiating unit.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种车载天线的设计方法，其特征在于，扇形贴片单元(1)为优角结构，角度范围为190°至350°。The method for designing a vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the sector-shaped patch unit (1) is an excellent-angle structure with an angle ranging from 190° to 350°.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种车载天线的设计方法，其特征在于，金属反射器(4)安装在车体表面。A method of designing a vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal reflector (4) is mounted on a surface of the vehicle body.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种车载天线的设计方法，其特征在于，金属反射器(4)通过开窗方式嵌入车体内部、通过金属窗框结构与车体连接。A method of designing a vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal reflector (4) is embedded in the interior of the vehicle body by a window opening method and connected to the vehicle body through the metal window frame structure.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种车载天线的设计方法，其特征在于，两个开槽(21，22)的长度为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/10至1/2，宽度为高阶谐振模式对应工作波长的1/5至1/40。The method for designing a vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, wherein the length of the two slots (21, 22) is 1/10 to 1/2 of the operating wavelength of the high-order resonant mode, and the width is high. The order resonance mode corresponds to 1/5 to 1/40 of the operating wavelength.
  6. 一种车载天线，其特征在于，由权利要求1至5中任一所述的方法制得。An in-vehicle antenna is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种车载天线，其特征在于，馈电点(3)设置在两个开槽(21，22)之间。 A vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that the feed point (3) is arranged between the two slots (21, 22).
PCT/CN2017/105458 2017-06-14 2017-10-10 Method for designing vehicle-mounted antenna WO2018227827A1 (en)

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