WO2018227557A1 - 中继器 - Google Patents

中继器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018227557A1
WO2018227557A1 PCT/CN2017/088664 CN2017088664W WO2018227557A1 WO 2018227557 A1 WO2018227557 A1 WO 2018227557A1 CN 2017088664 W CN2017088664 W CN 2017088664W WO 2018227557 A1 WO2018227557 A1 WO 2018227557A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
communication module
power supply
serial port
processor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/088664
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟剑炜
Original Assignee
深圳市海和高新技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市海和高新技术有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市海和高新技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/088664 priority Critical patent/WO2018227557A1/zh
Publication of WO2018227557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018227557A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/36—Repeater circuits

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications devices, and in particular, to a repeater.
  • the current uplink communication mode commonly used in the electricity information collection system is that the communication module is installed on the power information collection terminal (hereinafter referred to as the terminal), and the terminal communicates with the power information collection system master station (hereinafter referred to as the master station) through the communication module.
  • the terminal communicates with the power information collection system master station (hereinafter referred to as the master station) through the communication module.
  • a disadvantage of this communication scheme is that if the terminal installation location is in a dead zone of the mobile signal or the signal quality is not ideal, the terminal cannot communicate with the primary station or the communication success rate is not high.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a repeater with strong signal, long transmission distance, and stable and reliable.
  • the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a repeater, including a casing and a power information collecting terminal disposed inside the casing, the repeater further comprising a data conversion unit and a remote unit;
  • the communication module on the power information collection terminal is installed on the remote unit;
  • the data conversion unit for virtualizing the communication module is installed on the power information collection terminal; and
  • the data conversion unit and the remote unit are connected by wire;
  • a protective pad is also provided on the outer casing.
  • the data conversion unit includes a hardware ID restoration circuit, a processor 1, a serial port and an RS485 conversion circuit, a serial port 2 and an RS485 conversion circuit, and a power supply circuit; a terminal of the hardware ID restoration circuit and the terminal
  • the first remote communication module is connected to the interface, and the other end is connected to the processor; one end of the serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit is connected to the first remote communication module of the terminal, and the other end is connected to the remote through the RJ45 network port.
  • Unit connection; one end of the serial port and RS485 conversion circuit is connected to the serial port of the processor one, and the other end is connected to the remote unit through the RJ45 network port; the communication between the processor and the remote communication module No.
  • the control pin and the status pin are connected; the input end of the first power supply circuit is interfaced with the first remote communication module of the terminal, and the output ends thereof are the processor one, one serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit and the second serial port and The RS485 conversion circuit supplies power, and its output terminal is also connected to the remote unit through the RJ45 network port.
  • the remote unit includes a hardware ID identification circuit, a processor second, a third serial port and an RS485 conversion circuit, a fourth serial port and an RS485 conversion circuit, and a second power supply circuit; one end of the hardware I identification circuit is connected to the processor two, The other end is connected to the communication module hardware ID pin through the second remote communication module interface; one end of the third serial port and RS485 conversion circuit is connected with the communication data serial port of the communication module, and the other end is connected to the data through the RJ45 network port.
  • the conversion unit is connected; one end of the serial port 4 and the RS485 conversion circuit is connected to the serial port of the processor 2, and the other end is connected to the data conversion unit through the RJ45 network port; the processor 2 communicates with the data through the interface of the second remote communication module
  • the communication control pin of the module is connected with the status pin;
  • the No. 2 power supply circuit is connected to the No. 1 power supply circuit through the RJ45 network port, and the output ends thereof are the second and third serial ports of the processor and the RS485 conversion circuit, and the fourth serial port and The RS485 conversion circuit is powered, and the output terminal also supplies power to the communication module through the interface of the second remote communication module.
  • the hardware ID reduction circuit is mainly composed of an analog switch circuit group, each set of analog switch circuit includes two analog electronic switches and one resistor, and one end of each set of analog switch circuits is interfaced with the first remote communication module of the terminal. Connected, the other end is connected to the IO control pin of the processor.
  • the hardware ID identification circuit includes a plurality of resistors; each hardware ID pin of the communication module is respectively connected to the processor 2 through a resistor, and each of the hardware ID pins is also respectively connected to the processor via the AD sampling. .
  • the power supply circuit includes a power supply boost circuit, and an input end of the power supply boost circuit is connected to the first remote communication module of the terminal, and the boosted output end passes through the RJ45 network port and the remote Unit connection.
  • the second power supply circuit comprises a power supply buck circuit, a 5V power supply circuit, a 4V power supply circuit, a 4V and a 5V power supply switching circuit; and an input end of the power supply buck circuit is powered by the RJ45 network port and the data conversion unit.
  • the output end of the voltage circuit is connected, the output end of the power supply step-down circuit is connected to the input end of the 5V power supply circuit; the output end of the 5V power supply circuit is connected to the input end of the 4V power supply circuit, and the other output end of the 5V power supply circuit is connected with 4V
  • the input end of the 5V power switching circuit is connected; the output of the 4V power circuit is connected to the input of the 4V and 5V power switching circuits; the other input of the 4V and 5V power switching circuits is connected to the processor 2, and the output thereof is
  • the communication module is powered by an interface.
  • the protective pad is in contact with a surface of the outer casing, and the protective pad is composed of an insulating material.
  • the protective pad has a thickness of at least 5 mm.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention combines the communication module and the terminal in a split design manner, and can install the communication module in a place with good signal without being limited by the installation position of the terminal, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the communication.
  • the invention adopts a low power consumption design, and the external power supply can be used for normal operation only when the power is taken from the terminal, which is convenient for installation and use.
  • the invention does not need to change the original terminal program, and effectively extends the communication distance between the terminal and the communication module, and reliably reaches 300 meters.
  • the invention realizes the plug-and-play of the communication module and displays the status in real time; the connection is connected by wire (for example, through a network cable), and the 485 communication protocol is used, which is stable and reliable.
  • the overall structure is simple and the cost is low. While the repeater is connected to the outside world, a protective pad is added on the surface of the repeater to effectively protect the repeater from being broken by electrostatic current, and the repeater is guaranteed. normal work.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a repeater of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware ID identification and restoration function of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the power module identification and switching function of the communication module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the real-time transmission and control functions of the control and status signals of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the transparent transmission of communication data of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a repeater comprising a casing and a power information collecting terminal disposed inside the casing, the repeater further comprising a data converting unit and a remote unit; and the power information collecting terminal
  • the upper communication module is installed on the remote unit; the data conversion unit for virtualizing the communication module is installed on the power information collecting terminal; the data conversion unit and the remote unit are connected by wire; the outer casing is further provided with a protection pad .
  • the invention combines the communication module and the terminal in a split design manner, and can install the communication module in a place with good signal without being limited by the installation position of the terminal, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the communication.
  • the invention adopts a low power consumption design, and the external power supply can be used for normal operation only when the power is taken from the terminal, which is convenient for installation and use.
  • the invention does not need to change the original terminal program, and effectively extends the communication distance between the terminal and the communication module, and reliably reaches 300 meters.
  • the invention realizes the plug-and-play of the communication module and displays the status in real time; the connection is connected by wire (for example, through a network cable), and the 485 communication protocol is used, which is stable and reliable.
  • the overall structure is simple and the cost is low. While the repeater is connected to the outside world, a protective pad is added on the surface of the repeater to effectively protect the repeater from being broken by electrostatic current, and the repeater is guaranteed. normal work.
  • the data conversion unit of the invention comprises a hardware ID reduction circuit, a processor 1, a serial port and an RS485 conversion circuit, a serial port No. 2 and an RS485 conversion circuit, and a power supply circuit No. 1.
  • One end of the hardware ID restoration circuit is connected to the first remote communication module of the terminal, and the other end is connected to the processor.
  • One end of the serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit is connected to the first remote communication module of the terminal, and the other end is connected to the remote unit through the RJ45 network port.
  • One end of the serial port No. 2 and the RS485 conversion circuit is connected to the serial port of the processor one, and the other end is connected to the remote unit through the RJ45 network port.
  • the processor 1 is connected to the communication control pin and the status pin of the terminal of the first remote communication module of the terminal, and is used for monitoring and transmitting the control signal and the status signal of the communication module.
  • the input end of the No. 1 power supply circuit is interfaced with the No. 1 remote communication module of the terminal, and the output ends thereof are respectively the processor No. 1 and No. 1 serial port and RS485 conversion circuit and the No. 2 serial port and RS485 conversion circuit, and the output end thereof also passes RJ45.
  • the network port is connected to the remote unit.
  • the remote unit includes hardware ID identification circuit, processor 2, serial port 3 and RS485 conversion circuit, serial port 4 and RS485 conversion circuit, and power supply circuit No. 2.
  • One end of the hardware ID identification circuit is connected to the processor two, and the other end is connected to the communication module hardware ID pin through the second remote communication module interface.
  • One end of the serial port and RS485 conversion circuit is connected with the communication data serial port of the interface of the second remote communication module, and the other end is connected to the data conversion unit through the RJ45 network port.
  • One end of the serial port 4 and the RS485 conversion circuit is connected to the serial port of the processor 2, and the other end thereof is connected to the data conversion unit through the RJ45 network port.
  • the processor 2 is connected to the communication control pin and the status pin of the communication module through the interface 2 of the remote communication module, and is used for monitoring and transmitting the control signal and the status signal of the communication module.
  • the No. 2 power supply circuit is connected to the No. 1 power supply circuit through the RJ45 network port.
  • the output terminals are respectively the second and third serial ports of the processor and the RS485 conversion circuit, the fourth serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit, and the output terminal is also communicated via the No. 2 remote communication.
  • the module interface supplies power to the communication module.
  • the first power supply circuit comprises a power supply boost circuit and a power supply buck circuit.
  • the input end of the power boost circuit is interfaced with the first remote communication module of the terminal, and the boosted output end is connected to the remote through the RJ45 network port.
  • the unit is connected, the boosted output terminal is also connected to the input end of the power supply step-down circuit;
  • the power supply step-down circuit comprises two parts of circuits, and the input end of a part of the power supply step-down circuit is connected with the first remote communication module, and the output end thereof It is connected with the processor 2; the input end of the other part of the voltage step-down circuit is connected with the output end of the power boost circuit, and the output end thereof is connected with the serial port No. 1 to the RS485 circuit and the second serial port to the RS485 circuit.
  • the communication module of the present invention can employ a GPRS/CDMA communication module.
  • the invention adopts the similar split design, and the communication module and the terminal are respectively installed in different places; the remote unit can be installed in a signal good area, so that the communication module mounted on the remote unit and the main station or other equipment Communication is smoother and more stable.
  • the hardware ID intelligent identification and restoration circuit is mainly composed of two parts of circuits, one is the hardware ID identification circuit on the remote unit, and the other is the hardware ID restoration circuit on the data conversion unit.
  • the hardware ID of the communication module is identified by the processor and then encoded and transmitted to the serial port No. 4 and the RS485 conversion circuit.
  • the serial port of the fourth serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit transmits the coded signal to the serial port No. 2 and RS485 through the network cable. Conversion circuit, then the serial ID and RS485 conversion circuit will be the hardware ID
  • the code is transmitted to the serial port of the processor 1; after receiving the hardware ID code, the processor decodes, and then restores the communication module hardware ID through the hardware ID original circuit and transmits it to the terminal through the No. 1 remote communication module interface.
  • the remote unit hardware ID identification circuit can be implemented using a resistor network.
  • the resistor network of the present invention includes a plurality of resistors; each of the hardware ID pins of the communication module is respectively connected to the processor 2 through a resistor, and each hardware ID pin is also respectively connected to the AD port of the processor 2.
  • the 41 pin of the processor 2 is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE0 of the communication module through the resistor R49, and the 40 pin passes the resistor R50.
  • the 39 pin is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE2 of the communication module through the resistor R51
  • the 38 pin is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE3 of the communication module through the resistor R52, 37 of which
  • the pin is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE4 of the communication module through the resistor R53, and the 36 pin passes through the resistor R57 and the hardware ID of the communication module.
  • Pin STATE5 is connected. The resistances of the resistor R49, the resistor R50, the resistor R51, the resistor R52, the resistor R53, and the resistor R57 are all zero.
  • the 35 pin of the processor 2 is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE0 of the communication module through the resistor R54, and the 34 pin is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE1 of the communication module through the resistor R55, and the 16 pin passes through the resistor R56 and the hardware of the communication module.
  • the ID pin STATE2 is connected, and the 17th pin is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE3 of the communication module through the resistor R58, and the 18th pin is connected to the hardware ID pin STATE4 of the communication module through the resistor R60, and the 19th pin passes the resistor R61 and the
  • the hardware ID pin of the communication module is connected to STATE5.
  • the resistance of resistor R54, resistor R55, resistor R56, resistor R58, resistor R60 and resistor R61 are both 100k ohms.
  • the above two parts of the circuit are used by the processor 2 to perform pull-up and pull-down control and hardware ID sampling identification on the hardware ID circuit of the communication module, and obtain the state code of the hardware ID.
  • the hardware ID restoration circuit of the data conversion unit mainly includes an analog switch circuit, and the processor outputs the decoded hardware ID state code to the analog switch circuit, and then the hardware ID is restored to the terminal by the control circuit.
  • the analog switch circuit of the present invention includes a plurality of sets of analog switch circuits, each set of analog switch circuits including a 1 k ohm resistor and two analog electronic switches.
  • Each of the hardware IDs at the interface of the first remote communication module of the terminal is respectively connected to each set of analog electronic switch circuits, and the other end of each set of analog electronic switch circuits is respectively connected to the processor.
  • the communication module power supply voltage identification and switching circuit of the present invention is mainly composed of a power sampling and identification processing circuit of the data conversion unit and a power switching circuit of the remote unit.
  • the power sampling identification processing circuit includes a power sampling circuit and a processor 1; the power switching circuit includes a processor 2 and a 2nd power circuit.
  • the second power supply circuit includes a power supply step-down circuit, a 5V power supply circuit, a 4V power supply circuit, a 4V and a 5V power supply switching circuit; the input end of the power supply step-down circuit is connected to the output end of the power supply boosting circuit of the data conversion unit through the RJ45 network port, The output of the power supply step-down circuit is connected to the input of the 5V power supply circuit; 5V The output of the power circuit is connected to the input of the 4V power circuit, and the other output of the 5V power circuit is connected to the input of the 4V and 5V power switching circuits; the output of the 4V power circuit and the input of the 4V and 5V power switching circuits The other end of the 4V and 5V power switching circuit is connected to the processor 2, and the output end thereof is connected with the power supply interface of the communication module.
  • the data conversion unit communication module power sampling circuit includes a resistor R4 and a resistor R5.
  • the power supply port of the communication module of the terminal is connected to the AD sampling IO port of the processor through the resistor R4; and the IO port is connected to the ground through the parallel resistor R5.
  • the resistance of resistor R4 is 1 megaohm and the resistance of resistor R5 is 2 megaohm.
  • the remote unit power switching circuit includes a processor 2 and 4V and 5V power switching circuits.
  • the power sampling circuit samples the power supply of the communication module, and the sampled signal is input to the processor for processing, and the processor transmits the identification result to the serial port No. 2 and the RS485 conversion circuit, the serial port No. 2 and the RS485 conversion circuit.
  • the fourth serial port and RS485 conversion circuit is transmitted to the serial port of the processor 2.
  • the processor 2 outputs a power switching control signal to the 4V and 5V power switching circuits according to the power system identification result sent by the processor, and switches to a power supply system suitable for the communication module.
  • the communication module control and status signal real-time bidirectional transmission circuit of the invention mainly comprises a processor 1 and 2 serial port to RS485 circuit of the data conversion unit, and a processor 2 and 4 serial port to RS485 circuit of the remote unit.
  • the processor one and two serial port to RS485 circuits of the invention are mainly composed of a processor, an RS485 chip, a triode and a plurality of resistors and capacitors.
  • the processor 2 and 4 serial port to RS485 circuit of the invention mainly comprises a processor, an RS485 chip, three isolated optocouplers and a plurality of resistors and capacitors.
  • the communication control and the state information transmission path are connected: the communication control pin and the status pin of the power information collecting terminal are connected with the processor, and the serial port of the processor 1 is isolated by the optocoupler and connected to the serial port 2 and the RS485 conversion circuit.
  • the second serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit are connected to the RS485 conversion circuit via the RJ45 network port and the remote unit's fourth serial port, and the fourth serial port and RS48.
  • the conversion circuit is further connected to the serial port of the processor 2 of the remote unit, and the processor 2 is connected to the communication control pin and the status pin of the communication module via the second remote communication module interface.
  • Both the processor 1 of the data conversion unit and the processor 2 of the remote unit support the data active transmission and data passive response mode, support two-way communication, and can process all control and status signals and communication module hardware ID information at the interface of the terminal communication module. And transmission.
  • the present invention is completely implemented by hardware circuits for the transmission and restoration of communication data.
  • the data communication between the power information collecting terminal and the communication module through the serial port is convenient for data long distance transmission.
  • the present invention performs serial port and RS485 level conversion processing on the communication data, and the communication process is not affected by the data conversion unit and the remote
  • the control of each processor on the unit (see the communication data interface part in Fig. 2) transmits data completely transparently to ensure real-time communication.
  • Communication data transmission path communication The communication data interface of the power information collection terminal is isolated by the optical port of the data conversion unit through the serial port, and is connected with the serial port No. 1 and the RS485 conversion circuit. The serial port No. 1 and the RS485 conversion circuit are then connected to the RJ45 network port. The third serial port of the remote unit is connected with the RS485 conversion circuit, and the serial port No. 3 and the RS485 conversion circuit are connected to the communication data interface of the communication module.
  • the transmission circuit of the communication data of the invention is mainly composed of the serial port No. 1 and the RS485 conversion circuit of the data conversion unit and the serial port No. 3 and the RS485 conversion circuit of the remote unit.
  • the serial port and RS485 conversion circuit of the invention mainly consists of two RS485 chips, two optocouplers, two single OR gates and several resistors and capacitors.
  • the third serial port and RS485 conversion circuit of the invention mainly consists of two RS485 chips, four triodes and a plurality of resistors and capacitors.
  • the communication data transmission steps of the electricity information collecting terminal and the communication module are as follows:
  • the serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit When the electric information collecting terminal sends the communication data to the communication module, the serial port and the RS485 conversion circuit immediately transmit the communication data to the serial port No. 3 and the RS485 conversion circuit on the remote unit via the communication data information transmission path, and the serial port No. 3 and The RS485 conversion circuit restores the communication data to the communication module.
  • the protective pad is in contact with the surface of the outer casing, the protective pad being comprised of an insulating material.
  • the protective pad has a thickness of at least 5 mm.
  • the protective pad is made of insulating material to prevent the protective pad from being too thin to be effectively insulated.
  • the thickness of the protective pad is at least 5 mm.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种中继器，包括外壳和设置于外壳内部的用电信息采集终端，该中继器还包括数据转换单元和远程单元；所述用电信息采集终端上的通信模块安装在远程单元上；用于虚拟该通信模块的数据转换单元安装在用电信息采集终端上；数据转换单元和远程单元之间通过有线连接；所述外壳上还设有保护垫。本发明将通信模块与终端进行了分体式设计方式，可将通信模块安装在信号好的地方而不受终端安装位置的局限，确保了通信的可靠性与稳定性。此外，本发明采用了低功耗设计，无需外接电源仅从终端取电即可正常工作，方便安装使用；在中继器的表面加有一个保护垫，能够有效保护中继器不被静电电流击穿，保证中继器正常工作。

Description

中继器 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种中继器。
 背景技术
用电信息采集系统目前常用的上行通信方式是：通信模块安装在用电信息采集终端（以下简称终端）上，终端通过通信模块与用电信息采集系统主站（以下简称主站）通信。这种通信方案的缺点在于：如果终端安装位置处于移动信号盲区或信号质量不理想，则终端与主站不能通信或者通信成功率不高。
为解决由于信号不理想导致数据采集成功率低的问题，目前可以采用的方式如下：1、加装高增益天线；2、增加直放站或信号放大器；3、采用中继器等等。但是，采用以上方式或多或少均存在例如没有效果、成本过高以及互不兼容或中继距离过短等各种影响使用、维护的问题。
同时，当中继器出现故障时，外壳容易被外界电流击穿。
 技术问题
本发明实施例要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种信号强、传输距离远且稳定可靠的中继器。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述问题，本发明实施例采用的技术方案是：提供了一种中继器，包括外壳和设置于外壳内部的用电信息采集终端，该中继器还包括数据转换单元和远程单元；所述用电信息采集终端上的通信模块安装在远程单元上；用于虚拟该通信模块的数据转换单元安装在用电信息采集终端上；数据转换单元和远程单元之间通过有线连接；所述外壳上还设有保护垫。
进一步地，所述数据转换单元包括硬件ID还原电路、处理器一、一号串口与RS485转换电路、二号串口与RS485转换电路、一号电源电路；硬件ID还原电路的一端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其另一端与处理器一连接；一号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接；二号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与处理器一的串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接；处理器一与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口的通信控制引脚和状态引脚连接；一号电源电路的输入端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其输出端分别为处理器一、一号串口与RS485转换电路和二号串口与RS485转换电路供电，其输出端还通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接。
进一步地，所述远程单元包括硬件ID识别电路、处理器二、三号串口与RS485转换电路、四号串口与RS485转换电路、二号电源电路；硬件I识别电路的一端与处理器二连接，其另一端通过二号远程通信模块接口与通信模块硬件ID引脚连接；三号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与所述通信模块的通信数据串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述数据转换单元连接；四号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与处理器二的串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述数据转换单元连接；处理器二通过二号远程通信模块接口与所述通信模块的通信控制引脚和状态引脚连接；二号电源电路通过RJ45网口与所述一号电源电路连接，其输出端分别为处理器二、三号串口与RS485转换电路、四号串口与RS485转换电路供电，其输出端还通过二号远程通信模块接口给通信模块供电。
进一步地，所述硬件ID还原电路主要由模拟开关电路组组成，每组模拟开关电路包括两个模拟电子开关和一个电阻，每组模拟开关电路的一端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，另一端与处理器一的IO控制引脚连接。
进一步地，所述硬件ID识别电路包括若干电阻；通信模块的每个硬件ID引脚分别通过一个电阻与处理器二连接，各个所述硬件ID引脚还分别经由AD采样后接入处理器二。
进一步地，所述一号电源电路包括电源升压电路，电源升压电路的输入端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其升压后的输出端通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接。
进一步地，所述二号电源电路包括电源降压电路、5V电源电路、4V电源电路、4V和5V电源切换电路；电源降压电路的输入端通过RJ45网口与所述数据转换单元的电源升压电路的输出端连接，电源降压电路的输出端与5V电源电路的输入端连接；5V电源电路的输出端与4V电源电路的输入端连接，该5V电源电路的另一输出端与4V和5V电源切换电路的输入端连接；4V电源电路的输出端与4V和5V电源切换电路的输入端连接；4V和5V电源切换电路的另一输入端与所述处理器二连接，其输出端与所述通信模块供电接口连接。
进一步地，所述保护垫与外壳表面相接触，所述保护垫由绝缘材质组成。
进一步地，所述保护垫的厚度至少为5mm。
 有益效果
采用上述技术方案，本发明实施例至少具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明将通信模块与终端进行了分体式设计方式，可将通信模块安装在信号好的地方而不受终端安装位置的局限，确保了通信的可靠性与稳定性。此外，本发明采用了低功耗设计，无需外接电源仅从终端取电即可正常工作，方便安装使用。
2、采用高效DC-DC转换技术，本发明无需改变原有终端程序，有效的延长终端与通信模块的通讯距离，可靠达到300米。
3、本发明实现了通信模块的即插即用，状态实时显示；采用有线方式连接（例如通过网线连接），使用485通信协议，稳定可靠。
4、整体结构简单，成本低，在不改变中继器与外界连接的同时，在中继器的表面加有一个保护垫，能够有效保护中继器不被静电电流击穿，保证中继器正常工作。
 附图说明
图1 是本发明的中继器功能框图。
图2是本发明的硬件ID识别和还原功能框图。
图3是本发明的通信模块电源识别和切换功能框图。
图4是本发明的控制和状态信号实时传输和控制功能框图。
图5是本发明的通信数据透明传输功能框图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，以下的示意性实施例及说明仅用来解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定，而且，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
如图1 ~图5所示，本发明提供了一种中继器，包括外壳和设置于外壳内部的用电信息采集终端，该中继器还包括数据转换单元和远程单元；所述用电信息采集终端上的通信模块安装在远程单元上；用于虚拟该通信模块的数据转换单元安装在用电信息采集终端上；数据转换单元和远程单元之间通过有线连接；所述外壳上还设有保护垫。
本发明实施例至少具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明将通信模块与终端进行了分体式设计方式，可将通信模块安装在信号好的地方而不受终端安装位置的局限，确保了通信的可靠性与稳定性。此外，本发明采用了低功耗设计，无需外接电源仅从终端取电即可正常工作，方便安装使用。
2、采用高效DC-DC转换技术，本发明无需改变原有终端程序，有效的延长终端与通信模块的通讯距离，可靠达到300米。
3、本发明实现了通信模块的即插即用，状态实时显示；采用有线方式连接（例如通过网线连接），使用485通信协议，稳定可靠。
4、整体结构简单，成本低，在不改变中继器与外界连接的同时，在中继器的表面加有一个保护垫，能够有效保护中继器不被静电电流击穿，保证中继器正常工作。
本发明的数据转换单元包括硬件ID还原电路、处理器一、一号串口与RS485转换电路、二号串口与RS485转换电路、一号电源电路。硬件ID还原电路的一端与终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其另一端与处理器一连接。一号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与远程单元连接。二号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与处理器一的串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与远程单元连接。处理器一与终端的一号远程通信模块接口的通信控制引脚和状态引脚连接，用于监测和传递通信模块的控制信号和状态信号。一号电源电路的输入端与终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其输出端分别为处理器一、一号串口与RS485转换电路和二号串口与RS485转换电路供电，其输出端还通过RJ45网口与远程单元连接。
远程单元包括硬件ID识别电路、处理器二、三号串口与RS485转换电路、四号串口与RS485转换电路、二号电源电路。硬件ID识别电路的一端与处理器二连接，其另一端通过二号远程通信模块接口与通信模块硬件ID引脚连接。三号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与二号远程通信模块接口的通信数据串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与数据转换单元连接。四号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与处理器二的串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与数据转换单元连接。处理器二通过二号远程通信模块接口与通信模块的通信控制引脚和状态引脚连接，用于监测和传递通信模块的控制信号和状态信号。二号电源电路通过RJ45网口与一号电源电路连接，其输出端分别为处理器二、三号串口与RS485转换电路、四号串口与RS485转换电路供电，其输出端还通过二号远程通信模块接口给通信模块供电。
一号电源电路包括电源升压电路和电源降压电路，电源升压电路的输入端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其升压后的输出端通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接，该升压后的输出端还与电源降压电路的输入端连接；电源降压电路包括两部分电路，一部分电源降压电路的输入端与一号远程通信模块接口连接，其输出端与处理器二连接；另一部分电压降压电路的输入端与电源升压电路的输出端连接，其输出端与一号串口转RS485电路和二号串口转RS485电路连接。
本发明的通信模块可采用GPRS/CDMA通信模块。
本发明采用这种类似分体式的设计，将通信模块与终端分别安装在不同的地方；可将远程单元安装在信号良好的区域，使得装在远程单元上的通信模块与主站或其他设备的通信更畅通稳定。
硬件ID智能识别及还原电路主要由两部分电路组成，一是远程单元上的硬件ID识别电路，二是数据转换单元上的硬件ID还原电路。
工作时，通信模块的硬件ID由处理器二采样识别后，将其编码并传输至四号串口与RS485转换电路，四号串口与RS485转换电路通过网线将该编码信号传至二号串口与RS485转换电路，再由该二号串口与RS485转换电路将硬件ID 编码传至处理器一的串口；处理器一接收到该硬件ID编码后进行解码，然后通过硬件ID 原电路将通信模块硬件ID还原并通过一号远程通信模块接口传给终端。
远程单元硬件ID识别电路可采用电阻网络实现。本发明的电阻网络包括若干电阻；通信模块的硬件ID引脚中的每个引脚分别通过一个电阻与处理器二连接，各个硬件ID引脚还分别与处理器二的AD端口连接。
处理器二的41脚通过电阻R49与通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE0连接，其40脚通过电阻R50 与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE1连接，其39脚通过电阻R51与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE2连接，其38脚通过电阻R52与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE3连接，其37脚通过电阻R53与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE4连接，其36脚通过电阻R57与该通信模块的硬件ID 引脚STATE5连接。电阻R49、电阻R50、电阻R51、电阻R52、电阻R53以及电阻R57的阻值均为零。
处理器二的35脚通过电阻R54与通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE0连接，其34脚通过电阻R55与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE1连接，其16脚通过电阻R56与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE2连接，其17脚通过电阻R58与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE3连接，其18脚通过电阻R60与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE4连接，其19脚通过电阻R61与该通信模块的硬件ID引脚STATE5连接。电阻R54、电阻R55、电阻R56、电阻R58、电阻R60和电阻R61的阻值均为100k欧。
以上两部分电路用于处理器二对该通信模块的硬件ID电路实施上拉及下拉控制和硬件ID采样识别，获取硬件ID的状态编码。
数据转换单元的硬件ID还原电路主要包括模拟开关电路，处理器一将解码后的硬件ID状态编码输出至模拟开关电路，再由该控制电路将硬件ID还原传至终端。
本发明的模拟开关电路包括若干组模拟开关电路，每组模拟开关电路包括一个1k欧姆电阻和两个模拟电子开关。终端的一号远程通信模块接口处的硬件ID中每个引脚分别与每组模拟电子开关电路连接，每组模拟电子开关电路的另一端分别与处理器一连接。
本发明的通信模块电源电压识别和切换电路主要由数据转换单元的电源采样识别处理电路和远程单元的电源切换电路两部分组成。电源采样识别处理电路包括电源采样电路、处理器一；电源切换电路包括处理器二和二号电源电路。
二号电源电路包括电源降压电路、5V电源电路、4V电源电路、4V和5V电源切换电路；电源降压电路的输入端通过RJ45网口与数据转换单元的电源升压电路的输出端连接，电源降压电路的输出端与5V电源电路的输入端连接；5V 电源电路的输出端与4V电源电路的输入端连接，该5V电源电路的另一输出端与4V和5V电源切换电路的输入端连接；4V电源电路的输出端与4V和5V电源切换电路的输入端连接；4V和5V电源切换电路的另一输入端与处理器二连接，其输出端与通信模块供电接口连接如图7 所示，数据转换单元通信模块电源采样电路包括电阻R4和电阻R5。终端的通信模块的供电端口通过电阻R4与处理器一的AD采样IO口连接；同时该IO口通过并联电阻R5到地。电阻R4的阻值为1兆欧姆，电阻R5的阻值为2兆欧姆。
远程单元电源切换电路包括处理器二以及4V和5V电源切换电路。
工作时，电源采样电路对通信模块供电电源进行采样，采样后的信号输入到处理器一进行处理，处理器一将识别结果传至二号串口与RS485转换电路，该二号串口与RS485转换电路通过RJ45网口传至远程单元的四号串口与RS485转换电路，四号串口与RS485转换电路再传至处理器二的串口。处理器二根据处理器一发出的电源系统识别结果，输出电源切换控制信号至4V和5V电源切换电路，切换成适用于该通信模块的电源系统。
本发明的通信模块控制和状态信号实时双向传输电路主要由数据转换单元的处理器一和二号串口转RS485电路，以及远程单元的处理器二和四号串口转RS485电路组成。
本发明的处理器一和二号串口转RS485电路主要由处理器、RS485芯片、三极管以及若干电阻和电容组成。
本发明的处理器二和四号串口转RS485电路主要由处理器、RS485芯片、三个隔离光耦以及若干电阻和电容组成。
通信控制和状态信息传输路径的连通：用电信息采集终端的通信控制引脚和状态引脚与处理器一连接，处理器一的串口经光耦隔离后与二号串口与RS485转换电路连接，该二号串口与RS485转换电路再经由RJ45网口与远程单元的四号串口与RS485转换电路连接，该四号串口与RS48 转换电路再与远程单元的处理器二的串口连接，处理器二再经由二号远程通信模块接口与通信模块的通信控制引脚和状态引脚连接。
数据转换单元的处理器一与远程单元的处理器二均支持数据主动发送与数据被动应答模式，支持双向通讯，可对终端通信模块接口处的所有控制和状态信号以及通信模块硬件ID信息进行处理和传输。
由于各个厂家的用电信息采集终端与通信模块之间的通信参数不定，为减轻中继器控制软件设计难度及复杂度，针对通信数据的传输及还原，本发明完全用硬件电路实现。用电信息采集终端与通信模块之间的通过串口进行数据通信，为利于数据远距离传输，本发明对通信数据进行了串口与RS485电平的转换处理，其通信过程不受数据转换单元和远程单元上的各处理器的控制（见图2中通信数据接口部分），完全透明传输数据，保证实时通信。
通信数据传输路径的连通：用电信息采集终端的通信数据接口通过串口经由数据转换单元的光耦隔离后与一号串口与RS485转换电路连接，该一号串口与RS485转换电路再经由RJ45网口与远程单元的三号串口与RS485转换电路连接，该三号串口与RS485转换电路再与通信模块的通信数据接口连接。
本发明的通信数据的传输电路主要由数据转换单元的一号串口与RS485转换电路和远程单元的三号串口与RS485转换电路组成。
本发明一号串口与RS485转换电路主要由两个RS485芯片、两个光耦、两个单或门以及若干电阻、电容组成。
本发明三号串口与RS485转换电路主要由两个RS485芯片、4个三极管以及若干电阻和电容组成。
用电信息采集终端与通信模块的通信数据传输步骤如下：
当用电信息采集终端发送通信数据给通信模块时，一号串口与RS485转换电路立即将通信数据经由上述通信数据信息传输路径发送给远程单元上的三号串口与RS485转换电路，三号串口与RS485转换电路将通信数据还原转发至通信模块。
当通信模块发送通信数据给用电信息采集终端时，三号串口与RS485转换电路立即将通信数据经由通信数据信息传输路径发送给数据转换单元上的一号串口与RS485转换电路，一号串口与RS485转换电路将通信数据还原转发至用电信息采集终端。
由此实现数据转换单元与远程单元的通信数据的透明实时双向传输。
在一个可选实施例中，所述保护垫与外壳表面相接触，所述保护垫由绝缘材质组成。具体地，所述保护垫的厚度至少为5mm。为了有效保护的中继器不被电流击穿，保持正常工作，保护垫由绝缘材质制成，防止保护垫过薄不能有效绝缘，保护垫的厚度至少为5mm。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同范围限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种中继器，包括外壳和设置于外壳内部的用电信息采集终端，其特征在于，该中继器还包括数据转换单元和远程单元；所述用电信息采集终端上的通信模块安装在远程单元上；用于虚拟该通信模块的数据转换单元安装在用电信息采集终端上；数据转换单元和远程单元之间通过有线连接；所述外壳上还设有保护垫。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述数据转换单元包括硬件ID还原电路、处理器一、一号串口与RS485转换电路、二号串口与RS485转换电路、一号电源电路；硬件ID还原电路的一端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其另一端与处理器一连接；一号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接；二号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与处理器一的串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接；处理器一与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口的通信控制引脚和状态引脚连接；一号电源电路的输入端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其输出端分别为处理器一、一号串口与RS485转换电路和二号串口与RS485转换电路供电，其输出端还通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述远程单元包括硬件ID识别电路、处理器二、三号串口与RS485转换电路、四号串口与RS485转换电路、二号电源电路；硬件I识别电路的一端与处理器二连接，其另一端通过二号远程通信模块接口与通信模块硬件ID引脚连接；三号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与所述通信模块的通信数据串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述数据转换单元连接；四号串口与RS485转换电路的一端与处理器二的串口连接，其另一端通过RJ45网口与所述数据转换单元连接；处理器二通过二号远程通信模块接口与所述通信模块的通信控制引脚和状态引脚连接；二号电源电路通过RJ45网口与所述一号电源电路连接，其输出端分别为处理器二、三号串口与RS485转换电路、四号串口与RS485转换电路供电，其输出端还通过二号远程通信模块接口给通信模块供电。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述硬件ID还原电路主要由模拟开关电路组组成，每组模拟开关电路包括两个模拟电子开关和一个电阻，每组模拟开关电路的一端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，另一端与处理器一的IO控制引脚连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述硬件ID识别电路包括若干电阻；通信模块的每个硬件ID引脚分别通过一个电阻与处理器二连接，各个所述硬件ID引脚还分别经由AD采样后接入处理器二。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述一号电源电路包括电源升压电路，电源升压电路的输入端与所述终端的一号远程通信模块接口连接，其升压后的输出端通过RJ45网口与所述远程单元连接。
  7. 根据权利要求3 所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述二号电源电路包括电源降压电路、5V电源电路、4V电源电路、4V和5V电源切换电路；电源降压电路的输入端通过RJ45网口与所述数据转换单元的电源升压电路的输出端连接，电源降压电路的输出端与5V电源电路的输入端连接；5V电源电路的输出端与4V电源电路的输入端连接，该5V电源电路的另一输出端与4V和5V电源切换电路的输入端连接；4V电源电路的输出端与4V和5V电源切换电路的输入端连接；4V和5V电源切换电路的另一输入端与所述处理器二连接，其输出端与所述通信模块供电接口连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述保护垫与外壳表面相接触，所述保护垫由绝缘材质组成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述保护垫的厚度至少为5mm。
PCT/CN2017/088664 2017-06-16 2017-06-16 中继器 WO2018227557A1 (zh)

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