WO2018223735A1 - 指纹识别基板及指纹识别方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

指纹识别基板及指纹识别方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018223735A1
WO2018223735A1 PCT/CN2018/077740 CN2018077740W WO2018223735A1 WO 2018223735 A1 WO2018223735 A1 WO 2018223735A1 CN 2018077740 W CN2018077740 W CN 2018077740W WO 2018223735 A1 WO2018223735 A1 WO 2018223735A1
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Prior art keywords
transistor
pole
fingerprint
electrode
substrate
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PCT/CN2018/077740
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘英明
董学
王海生
吴俊纬
丁小梁
许睿
李昌峰
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/086,396 priority Critical patent/US11238257B2/en
Priority to EP18765345.6A priority patent/EP3637304A4/en
Publication of WO2018223735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018223735A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306—Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
    • G06F3/147—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units using display panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1365—Matching; Classification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1365—Matching; Classification
    • G06V40/1376—Matching features related to ridge properties or fingerprint texture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication
    • G06F21/32—User authentication using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/82—Protecting input, output or interconnection devices
    • G06F21/84—Protecting input, output or interconnection devices output devices, e.g. displays or monitors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a fingerprint identification substrate, a fingerprint identification method, and a display device.
  • the fingerprint consists of a series of ridges and valleys on the surface of the finger skin, unique to each person, so that the identity of the individual can be verified by identifying the fingerprint.
  • Existing fingerprint recognition technologies include: optical imaging, thermal sensors, human infrared sensors, and the like.
  • the present disclosure provides a fingerprint recognition substrate using ultrasonic waves, a fingerprint recognition method, and a display device having a fingerprint recognition function.
  • a fingerprint identification substrate includes: a substrate; a transmitting portion disposed on the substrate configured to generate an ultrasonic signal; and a receiving portion disposed on the substrate configured to receive An ultrasonic signal reflected by the finger, and converting the ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal output to the fingerprint detector; and the fingerprint detector configured to determine the fingerprint information according to the electrical signal output by the receiving portion.
  • the transmitting portion and at least a portion of the receiving portion are disposed in the same layer.
  • the emitting portion may include: a first electrode, a first piezoelectric material layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed in a direction away from the substrate; the receiving portion may include: facing away from the The third electrode, the second piezoelectric material layer, and the fourth electrode are sequentially disposed in the direction of the substrate.
  • the first piezoelectric material layer and the second piezoelectric material layer may be disposed in the same layer, and may be integrally formed of the same material.
  • the first electrode and the third electrode may be disposed in the same layer and the same material.
  • the second electrode and the fourth electrode may be disposed in the same layer and the same material.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate may further include a plurality of driving signal lines, a plurality of read signal lines, and a plurality of reset signal lines disposed above the substrate; wherein the fingerprint detector may include: rectification a diode, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a third transistor.
  • the first pole of the rectifier diode is connected to the third electrode, and the second pole is connected to the first node; the first pole of the first transistor is connected to the corresponding read signal line, and the second pole is connected a first pole of the second transistor, the control electrode is connected to the driving signal line of the (N+1)th row, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; a first pole of the second transistor is connected to the second pole of the first transistor, The second pole is connected to the first power terminal, the control pole is connected to the first node; the first pole of the third transistor is connected to the reset signal line corresponding thereto, the second pole is connected to the first node, and the control pole is connected The driving signal line of the Nth row; the first node is a connection node of a second pole of the third transistor, a second pole of the rectifier diode, and a control pole of the second transistor.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate may further include a plurality of data lines and a plurality of pixel units, wherein each of the pixel units may include: a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a first storage capacitor, and an organic led.
  • the first pole of the fourth transistor is connected to the data line corresponding thereto, the second pole is connected to the control pole of the fifth transistor and the first end of the first storage capacitor, and the control pole is connected to the first pole N+1 row driving signal line;
  • the first pole of the fifth transistor is connected to the high level power terminal, the second pole is connected to the first pole of the organic electroluminescent diode and the second end of the first storage capacitor
  • the second electrode of the organic electroluminescent diode is connected to a low-level power supply terminal.
  • the first transistor and the second transistor may each be a low temperature polysilicon thin film transistor; the third transistor, the fourth transistor, and the fifth transistor may be oxide thin film transistors.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate may further include a first electrode line connected to the first electrode; the fingerprint detector may further include a second storage capacitor; wherein, the first of the second storage capacitor The first node is connected to the first node, and the second end is connected to the first electrode line.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate may be divided into a plurality of pixel regions, and each of the pixel regions may be provided with one of the transmitting portions and one of the receiving portions.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate may further include an air cavity below the emission portion.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode may be plate electrodes.
  • a fingerprint recognition method using a fingerprint recognition substrate comprising: applying a driving voltage to the transmitting portion to drive the transmitting portion to generate an ultrasonic signal in step S1; In step S2, the ultrasonic signal reflected by the finger is received by the receiving portion, and the ultrasonic signal is converted into an electrical signal and output to the fingerprint detector; and in step S3, the fingerprint detector is used according to the receiving portion.
  • the output electrical signal determines the fingerprint information.
  • the step S3 may include: inputting a high level signal to the driving signal line of the Nth row, inputting a reset signal to the reset signal line, and waiting for a period of the charge accumulation phase. Time; in the reading phase, input a low level signal to the Nth row driving signal line, apply a high level signal to the driving signal line of the (N+1)th row, and input a first power supply voltage to the first power supply terminal, And reading a potential of the first pole of the second transistor through the read signal line to determine fingerprint information.
  • a display device including a fingerprint recognition substrate according to the present disclosure as a display substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fingerprint identification substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting portion of a fingerprint identification substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a receiving portion of a fingerprint identification substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pixel region of a fingerprint recognition substrate used as a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a fingerprint detector of a fingerprint recognition substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of another example fingerprint detector of a fingerprint recognition substrate of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of one pixel region of a fingerprint recognition substrate used as a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a receiving portion of a fingerprint identification substrate connected to a rectifier diode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electrical signal output by a third electrode of the receiving portion of FIG. 8;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of electrical signals output by the rectifier diode of Figure 8.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a fingerprint identification substrate including: a substrate 10; a transmitting portion TX and a receiving portion RX disposed on the substrate 10; and a fingerprint detector. At least a portion of the transmitting portion TX and at least a portion of the receiving portion RX may be disposed in the same layer.
  • the transmitting section TX is used to generate and transmit an ultrasonic signal.
  • the receiving unit RX is configured to receive an ultrasonic signal reflected by the finger, and convert the ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal for output to the fingerprint detector.
  • the fingerprint detector is configured to determine fingerprint information according to an electrical signal output by the receiving portion RX.
  • the transmitting portion TX when a driving voltage is applied to the transmitting portion TX, the transmitting portion TX generates an ultrasonic signal and emits the ultrasonic signal toward the finger.
  • the receiving unit RX receives the ultrasonic signal reflected by the finger, and converts the ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal for output to the fingerprint detector.
  • the fingerprint detector determines fingerprint information based on an electrical signal output from the receiving unit RX.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate of the embodiment implements a fingerprint recognition function by using an ultrasonic device.
  • the transmitting portion TX may include a first electrode 11, a first piezoelectric material layer 13, and a second electrode 12 which are sequentially disposed in a direction away from the substrate 10.
  • a driving voltage is applied between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12
  • the first piezoelectric material between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 will generate ultrasonic waves.
  • the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 may be plate electrodes, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the receiving portion RX may include a third electrode 21, a second piezoelectric material layer 23, and a fourth electrode 22 which are sequentially disposed in a direction away from the substrate 10.
  • the fourth electrode 22 of the receiving portion RX receives the ultrasonic wave reflected by the finger (for example, a fixed potential)
  • the second piezoelectric material layer 23 converts the received ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal (for example, a voltage)
  • the The electrical signal is output to the fingerprint recognition unit through the third electrode 21.
  • the fingerprint recognition unit can determine the corresponding fingerprint information according to the voltage signal output by the third electrode 21.
  • the first piezoelectric material layer 13 in the emitting portion TX and the second piezoelectric material layer 23 in the receiving portion RX may be disposed in the same layer.
  • the first piezoelectric material layer 13 and the second piezoelectric material layer 23 disposed in the same layer may be integrally formed of the same material. That is to say, the first piezoelectric material layer 13 and the second piezoelectric material layer 23 can jointly occupy one layer of the fingerprint identification substrate, as shown in FIG. 1 , and thus can be prepared by one patterning process, thereby reducing cost and improving The effect of capacity.
  • the first electrode 11 of the transmitting portion TX and the third electrode 21 of the receiving portion RX may be disposed in the same layer, and may be formed of the same material to achieve the effect of reducing cost and increasing productivity.
  • the second electrode 12 of the transmitting portion TX and the fourth electrode 22 of the receiving portion RX may be disposed in the same layer, and may be formed of the same material to achieve the effect of reducing cost and increasing productivity.
  • the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, and the first piezoelectric material layer 13 of the emitting portion TX may be respectively connected to the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, and the second piezoelectric material layer of the receiving portion RX. 23 is set in the same layer and can be formed from the same material. That is to say, the transmitting portion TX and the receiving portion RX can be disposed completely in parallel, as shown in FIG. 1, so that the effect of further reducing the cost and increasing the productivity can be achieved.
  • the second electrode 12 of the transmitting portion TX and the fourth electrode 22 of the receiving portion RX may each be connected to a fixed potential of the same or different size.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate may further include a plurality of driving signal lines Gate N, a plurality of read signal lines Read Line, and a plurality of reset signal lines Reset Line disposed above the substrate 10, wherein N is greater than An integer equal to 1.
  • the fingerprint detector may include a rectifier diode PN, a first transistor T1, a second transistor T2, and a third transistor T3.
  • the first pole of the rectifier diode PN is connected to the third electrode 21, and the second pole is connected to the first node A;
  • the first pole of the first transistor T1 is connected to the corresponding read signal line Read Line,
  • the second pole is connected to the first pole of the second transistor T2,
  • the control pole is connected to the N+1th row driving signal line Gate N+1;
  • the first pole of the second transistor T2 is connected to the second pole of the first transistor T1, and the second The pole is connected to the first power terminal Vd, the control pole is connected to the first node A;
  • the first pole of the third transistor T3 is connected to its corresponding reset signal line Reset Line, the second pole is connected to the first node A, and the control pole is connected
  • the Nth row drives the signal line Gate N.
  • the first node A is a connection node of the second pole of the third transistor T3, the second pole of the rectifier diode PN, and the control pole of the second transistor T2.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate may further include a first electrode line L connected to the first electrode 11 of the emission portion TX for supplying a voltage signal to the first electrode 11.
  • the fingerprint detector may further include a second storage capacitor C2, wherein a first end of the second storage capacitor C2 is connected to the first node A, and a second end is connected to the first electrode line L.
  • the second storage capacitor C2 can be used to stably maintain the potential of the first node A.
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate can be used as a display substrate in a display device.
  • the display substrate may be divided into a plurality of pixel regions, and at least one transmitting portion TX and at least one receiving portion RX may be disposed in each of the pixel regions to make the accuracy of fingerprint recognition more accurate.
  • each of the pixel regions may include one transmitting portion TX, one receiving portion RX, and at least one sub-pixel (for example, a red sub-pixel R, a green sub-pixel G, a blue sub-pixel B, and the like).
  • the fingerprint recognition substrate When the fingerprint recognition substrate is used as the display substrate, the fingerprint recognition substrate can be disposed on the front surface of the TFT glass of the display device such that the emission portion TX is closer to the touch body (eg, a finger), thereby facilitating the arrival of the ultrasonic wave generated by the emission portion TX. Fingers to improve touch accuracy.
  • the touch body eg, a finger
  • the display substrate can be driven to display by displaying each row of pixel units on the substrate in a progressive scan manner so that each pixel unit displays a corresponding gray scale, thereby realizing fingerprint recognition and Display integration.
  • the display substrate may include a plurality of data lines Data Line.
  • Each of the pixel regions in the display substrate may include a fingerprint detector (eg, a fingerprint detector as shown in FIG. 5 or 6) and at least one pixel unit (eg, one red pixel unit, one green pixel unit, and one blue) Color pixel unit).
  • the red pixel unit may include, for example, a fourth transistor T4, a fifth transistor T5, a first storage capacitor C1, and a red organic electroluminescent diode OLED; the green pixel unit and the blue pixel unit are different from the red pixel unit only in the organic
  • the light-emitting diodes OLED have different illumination colors, and the remaining components are the same and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the first electrode of the fourth transistor T4 is connected to its corresponding data line Data Line, the second electrode is connected to the control electrode of the fifth transistor T5 and the first end of the first storage capacitor C1, and the control electrode Connecting the N+1th row driving signal line Gate N+1; the first electrode of the fifth transistor T5 is connected to the high level power supply terminal ELVDD, and the second electrode is connected to the first electrode of the organic electroluminescent diode OLED and the first storage The second end of the capacitor C1; the second electrode of the organic electroluminescent diode OLED is connected to the low level power supply terminal ELVSS.
  • the first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, the third transistor T3, the fourth transistor T4, and the fifth transistor T5 may all be N-type transistors, or the first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, the third transistor T3, and the fourth transistor
  • the transistor T4 and the fifth transistor T5 may also be P-type transistors.
  • the operation of the fingerprint recognition substrate will be described by taking only the first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, the third transistor T3, the fourth transistor T4, and the fifth transistor T5 as N-type transistors as an example.
  • the fingerprint recognition operation of the fingerprint recognition substrate may include the first to third stages described below.
  • the signal input to the Nth row driving signal line Gate N is at a high level
  • the third transistor T3 is turned on
  • the reset signal input by the reset signal line Reset Line is transmitted to the third transistor T3 to a control electrode of the second transistor T2 and a first end of the rectifier diode PN (ie, an N terminal of the PN junction) to initialize the first end of the rectifier diode PN such that the potential of the first node A is at a low level, the second transistor T2 deadline.
  • the ultrasonic signal reflected by the valley or ridge of the finger passes through the piezoelectric material in the receiving portion RX, and is converted into a corresponding electrical signal, and the electrical signal passes through the PN junction of the rectifier diode PN.
  • the potential of the first node A is raised.
  • the potential of the first node A is continuously increased by the PN junction. Due to the difference in the size of the ultrasonic waves reflected by the valleys and ridges, the difference between the charge accumulated at the first node A and the charge accumulated at the first node A by the signal reflected by the valleys increases with time. Will grow bigger and bigger. Therefore, for valleys and ridges, the potential of the gate electrode of the second transistor T2 may become more and more different with time.
  • a low level signal is input to the Nth row driving signal line Gate N
  • a high level signal is input to the N+1th row driving signal line Gate N+1
  • the third transistor T3 is turned off.
  • the first transistor T1 is turned on, and the first power supply voltage is input to the first power terminal Vd.
  • the electrical signals read by Line are also different, so that signals about valleys and ridges can be judged.
  • the electrical signal can be either a voltage signal or a current signal.
  • the control electrode of the second transistor T2 is kept at a low level, the second transistor T2 is turned off, and the signal on the read signal line Read Line remains unchanged.
  • the charge accumulation phase if there is a large leakage at the first node A (such as the magnitude of 1PA), the charge accumulated at the first node A will be less different for the valley and the ridge. There may be cases where the valley and the ridge cannot be distinguished because the accumulated charge amount is smaller than the leakage amount.
  • a second storage capacitor C2 connected to the first node A is optionally provided to reduce the attenuation of the signal caused by the leakage.
  • the display operation of the display substrate may include: inputting a high level signal to the driving signal line Gate N+1, and turning on the fourth transistor T4 through the data written on the data line Data Line
  • the voltage signal charges the first end of the first storage capacitor C1 until the threshold voltage of the fifth transistor T5 is reached, and the fifth transistor T5 is turned on to drive the organic electroluminescent diode OLED to emit light for display.
  • the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 in the fingerprint detector may be low temperature polysilicon thin film transistors (LTPS TFTs).
  • LTPS TFTs low temperature polysilicon thin film transistors
  • the low-temperature polysilicon thin film transistor can output different currents more accurately under different gate voltages. Therefore, by judging the output current of the low-temperature polysilicon thin film transistor, it is easier to distinguish the corresponding turn-on voltage (the potential of the read node), thereby making fingerprint recognition more accurate.
  • the third transistor T3 in the fingerprint detector may be an oxide thin film transistor (the material of the active layer may be indium gallium tin oxide, indium tin oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, etc.).
  • Oxide thin film transistors have low leakage current (the leakage current of general oxide thin film transistors is less than 10 -13 amps), which can minimize the charge loss at the read node, thereby fully maintaining the potential of the read node, thereby enabling accurate The switching state of the second transistor T2 is controlled.
  • the fourth transistor T4 and the fifth transistor T5 in each pixel unit of the display substrate may also employ an oxide thin film transistor.
  • the fourth transistor T4 uses an oxide thin film transistor to latch the signal to prevent leakage;
  • the fifth transistor T5 uses an oxide thin film transistor to realize a small-sized transistor design, thereby realizing a high resolution (PPI) design.
  • the display substrate includes a plurality of pixel units, wherein the driving signal lines (Gate N, Gate N+1, etc.) are multiplexed into gate lines during display of the display substrate for providing pixel units corresponding thereto Gate drive signal.
  • each pixel unit includes a pixel driving circuit, and the driving signal line is used to provide a gate driving signal to the pixel driving circuit to control the operation of the pixel driving circuit.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a fingerprint recognition method that uses a fingerprint recognition substrate of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method includes: applying a driving voltage to the transmitting portion TX of the fingerprint identification substrate to drive the transmitting portion TX to generate an ultrasonic signal (step S1); receiving the ultrasonic signal reflected by the finger through the receiving portion RX, and converting the ultrasonic signal into The electrical signal is output to the fingerprint detector (step S2); and the fingerprint information is determined by the fingerprint detector based on the electrical signal output by the receiving portion RX (step S3).
  • step S1 a driving voltage is applied to the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, and the first piezoelectric material between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 will generate ultrasonic waves.
  • step S2 as shown in FIG. 8, when the fourth electrode 22 of the receiving portion RX receives the ultrasonic wave reflected by the finger, the second piezoelectric material layer 23 converts the ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal, and passes the electrical signal through the third
  • the electrode 21 is output to a rectifier diode PN (PN section) in the fingerprint recognition unit. Since the rectifier diode PN has a single-conductivity, that is, the rectifier diode PN is equivalent to a filter, the output electrical signal (sine wave) of the third electrode 21 shown in FIG. 9 can be rectified to be converted into FIG. A unidirectional electrical signal is shown.
  • Step S3 may include the first to third stages as follows.
  • a high level signal is input to the Nth row driving signal line Gate N, and a reset signal is input to the reset signal line Reset Line.
  • the third transistor T3 is turned on, and the reset signal is transmitted to the control electrode of the second transistor T2 and the first end of the rectifier diode PN (that is, the N terminal of the PN junction) via the third transistor T3 to initialize the rectifier diode PN.
  • the first end is such that the potential of the first node A is at a low level and the second transistor T2 is turned off.
  • the second phase (charge accumulation phase), wait for a while.
  • the ultrasonic signal reflected by the valley or ridge of the finger passes through the piezoelectric material in the receiving portion RX, and is converted into a corresponding electrical signal, and the electrical signal passes through the rectifier diode PN.
  • the potential of the first node A rises.
  • the potential of the first node A is continuously increased by the PN junction.
  • the difference between the charge accumulated at the first node A and the charge accumulated at the first node A by the signal reflected by the valleys increases with time. Will grow bigger and bigger. Therefore, for valleys and ridges, the potential of the gate electrode of the second transistor T2 may become more and more different with time. Therefore, at this stage, the waiting time can be set long enough that the charge accumulated at the first node A is sufficient to distinguish between the valley and the ridge.
  • a low level signal is input to the Nth driving signal line Gate N, and a high level signal is input to the N+1th driving signal line Gate N+1 to the first power supply terminal Vd.
  • a first power supply voltage is input, and a potential of the first pole of the second transistor T2 is read through the read signal line Read Line to determine fingerprint information.
  • the third transistor T3 is turned off, and the first transistor T1 is turned on.
  • the electrical signals read by Line are also different, so that signals about valleys and ridges can be judged.
  • the electrical signal can be either a voltage signal or a current signal.
  • the control electrode of the second transistor T2 is kept at a low level, the second transistor T2 is turned off, and the signal on the read signal line Read Line remains unchanged.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a display device including a fingerprint recognition substrate as a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, the display device of the embodiment has a fingerprint recognition function.
  • a fingerprint recognition substrate serving as a display substrate may be divided into a plurality of pixel regions, and at least one transmitting portion TX and at least one receiving portion RX may be disposed in each of the pixel regions. In some embodiments, one transmitting portion TX, one receiving portion RX, and at least one sub-pixel may be disposed in each pixel region.
  • the display device may be a liquid crystal display device or an electroluminescence display device, such as a liquid crystal panel, an electronic paper, an OLED panel, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, etc., having any display function.
  • a liquid crystal display device or an electroluminescence display device, such as a liquid crystal panel, an electronic paper, an OLED panel, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, etc., having any display function.
  • Product or part such as a liquid crystal panel, an electronic paper, an OLED panel, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, etc.

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Abstract

一种指纹识别基板、指纹识别方法和显示装置。指纹识别基板包括基底（10）；设置在基底（10）上的发射部、接收部；以及指纹检测器。发射部的至少一部分和接收部二者的至少一部分可同层设置。发射部用于产生超声波信号。接收部用于接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给指纹检测器。指纹检测器用于根据接收部所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息。

Description

指纹识别基板及指纹识别方法、显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年6月7日提交的中国专利申请No.201710424480.8的优先权，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开属于显示技术领域，具体涉及一种指纹识别基板及指纹识别方法、显示装置。
背景技术
指纹由指端皮肤表面上的一系列脊和谷组成，对于每个人而言具有唯一性，因而可以通过识别指纹来验证个人身份。现有的指纹识别技术包括：光学成像、热敏传感器、人体红外传感器等。
发明内容
本公开提供一种利用超声波的指纹识别基板、指纹识别方法和具有指纹识别功能的显示装置。
根据本公开的一方面，提供了一种指纹识别基板，包括：基底；发射部，其设置在所述基底上，配置为产生超声波信号；接收部，其设置在所述基底上，配置为接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给指纹检测器；以及所述指纹检测器，配置为根据所述接收部所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息。其中，所述发射部的至少一部分和所述接收部的至少一部分同层设置。
根据本公开的实施例，所述发射部可包括：沿背离所述基底的方向依次设置的第一电极、第一压电材料层、第二电极；所述接收部可包括：沿背离所述基底的方向依次设置的第三电极、第 二压电材料层、第四电极。
根据本公开的实施例，所述第一压电材料层和所述第二压电材料层可同层设置，并且可由相同的材料一体地形成。
根据本公开的实施例，所述第一电极和所述第三电极可同层设置且材料相同。
根据本公开的实施例，所述第二电极和所述第四电极可同层设置且材料相同。
根据本公开的实施例，指纹识别基板还可包括设置在所述基底上方的多条驱动信号线、多条读取信号线、多条复位信号线；其中，所述指纹检测器可包括：整流二极管、第一晶体管、第二晶体管、第三晶体管。其中，所述整流二极管的第一极连接所述第三电极，第二极连接第一节点；所述第一晶体管的第一极连接与其对应的所述读取信号线，第二极连接第二晶体管的第一极，控制极连接第N+1行所述驱动信号线，其中N为大于等于1的整数；所述第二晶体管的第一极连接所述第一晶体管的第二极，第二极连接第一电源端，控制极连接所述第一节点；所述第三晶体管的第一极连接与其对应的所述复位信号线，第二极连接所述第一节点，控制极连接第N行所述驱动信号线；所述第一节点为所述第三晶体管的第二极、所述整流二极管的第二极、所述第二晶体管的控制极三者的连接节点。
根据本公开的实施例，指纹识别基板还可包括多条数据线、多个像素单元，其中，每个所述像素单元可包括：第四晶体管、第五晶体管、第一存储电容、有机电致发光二极管。其中，所述第四晶体管的第一极连接与其对应的所述数据线，第二极连接所述第五晶体管的控制极和所述第一存储电容的第一端，控制极连接所述第N+1行驱动信号线；所述第五晶体管的第一极连接高电平电源端，第二极连接所述有机电致发光二极管的第一极和所述第一存储电容的第二端；所述有机电致发光二极管的第二极连接低电平电源端。
根据本公开的实施例，所述第一晶体管和所述第二晶体管均 可为低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管；所述第三晶体管、所述第四晶体管和所述第五晶体管可为氧化物薄膜晶体管。
根据本公开的实施例，指纹识别基板还可包括与所述第一电极连接的第一电极线；所述指纹检测器还可包括第二存储电容；其中，所述第二存储电容的第一端连接所述第一节点，第二端连接所述第一电极线。
根据本公开的实施例，所述指纹识别基板可划分为多个像素区，在每一个所述像素区中可均设置有一个所述发射部和一个所述接收部。
根据本公开的实施例，指纹识别基板还可包括在所述发射部的下方的空气腔。
根据本公开的实施例，所述第一电极和所述第二电极可为板状电极。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种利用根据本公开的指纹识别基板的指纹识别方法，包括：在步骤S1，给所述发射部施加驱动电压，以驱动所述发射部产生超声波信号；在步骤S2，通过所述接收部接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给所述指纹检测器；以及在步骤S3，通过所述指纹检测器根据所述接收部所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息。
根据本公开的实施例，所述步骤S3可包括：在复位阶段，给第N行所述驱动信号线输入高电平信号，给所述复位信号线输入复位信号；在电荷积累阶段，等待一段时间；在读取阶段，给第N行驱动信号线输入低电平信号，给第N+1行所述驱动信号线施加高电平信号，给所述第一电源端输入第一电源电压，并且通过所述读取信号线读取所述第二晶体管的第一极的电位，以确定指纹信息。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种显示装置，包括根据本公开的指纹识别基板，作为显示基板。
附图说明
图1为本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板的结构示意图；
图2为本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板的发射部的示意图；
图3为本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板的接收部的示意图；
图4为本公开的实施例的用作显示基板的指纹识别基板的像素区的示意图；
图5为本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板的指纹检测器的电路图；
图6为本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板的另一示例指纹检测器的电路图；
图7为本公开的实施例的用作显示基板的指纹识别基板的一个像素区的电路图；
图8为本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板的接收部与整流二极管连接的示意图；
图9为图8中接收部的第三电极所输出的电信号的示意图；
图10为图8中整流二极管所输出的电信号的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本公开的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本公开作进一步详细描述。
如图1所示，本公开的实施例提供一种指纹识别基板，包括：基底10；设置在所述基底10上的发射部TX和接收部RX；以及指纹检测器。发射部TX的至少一部分和接收部RX的至少一部分可同层设置。发射部TX用于产生并发射超声波信号。接收部RX用于接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给指纹检测器。指纹检测器用于根据所述接收部RX所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息。
在实施例中，当给发射部TX施加驱动电压时，该发射部TX 产生超声波信号，并将超声波信号朝向手指发射。接收部RX接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给指纹检测器。该指纹检测器根据接收部RX所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息。本实施例的指纹识别基板应用超声波器件实现指纹识别功能。在本实施例中，由于发射部TX的至少一部分和接收部RX的至少一部分同层设置，因此可以采用一次构图工艺制备同层设置的部分，从而可以降低工艺成本，提高产能。
如图2所示，发射部TX可包括：沿背离所述基底10的方向依次设置的第一电极11、第一压电材料层13、第二电极12。在给第一电极11和第二电极12之间施加驱动电压时，第一电极11和第二电极12之间的第一压电材料将会产生超声波。在一些实施例中，在发射部TX的下方可以存在空气腔，便于超声波的加强，以使超声波更好的传递出去。在一些实施例中，第一电极11和第二电极12可为板状电极，但本公开不限于此。
如图3所示，接收部RX可包括：沿背离所述基底10的方向依次设置的第三电极21、第二压电材料层23、第四电极22。当接收部RX的第四电极22(例如可接一固定电位)接收到手指反射的超声波时，第二压电材料层23将接收到的超声波信号转换成电信号(例如电压)，并将该电信号通过第三电极21输出给指纹识别单元。由于被指纹的谷反射的超声波信号和被指纹的脊反射的超声波信号大小不同，通过第二压电材料层23从被谷和脊反射的超声波信号转换而来的电信号的大小就不同，即第三电极21输出的电信号(例如电压)也不同，因此指纹识别单元可以根据第三电极21输出的电压信号判断出相应的指纹信息。
在一些实施例中，发射部TX中的第一压电材料层13和接收部RX中的第二压电材料层23可同层设置。同层设置的第一压电材料层13和第二压电材料层23可由相同的材料一体地形成。也就是说，第一压电材料层13和第二压电材料层23可共同占用指纹识别基板的一个层，如图1所示，因此可以通过一次构图工艺来制备，从而达到降低成本，提高产能的效果。
在一些实施例中，发射部TX的第一电极11和接收部RX的第三电极21可同层设置，并且可由相同的材料形成，以达到降低成本，提高产能的效果。在一些实施例中，发射部TX的第二电极12和接收部RX的第四电极22可同层设置，并且可由相同的材料形成，以达到降低成本，提高产能的效果。在一些实施例中，发射部TX的第一电极11、第二电极12和第一压电材料层13可分别与接收部RX的第三电极21、第四电极22和第二压电材料层23同层设置，并且可由相同的材料形成。也就是说，发射部TX和接收部RX可完全并行地设置，如图1所示，从而可以达到进一步降低成本，提高产能的效果。
在一些实施例中，发射部TX的第二电极12和接收部RX的第四电极22在工作时可均接大小相同或不同的固定电位。
如图5所示，指纹识别基板还可包括设置在所述基底10上方的多条驱动信号线Gate N、多条读取信号线Read Line、和多条复位信号线Reset Line，其中N为大于等于1的整数。指纹检测器可包括：整流二极管PN、第一晶体管T1、第二晶体管T2、和第三晶体管T3。在指纹检测器中，整流二极管PN的第一极连接所述第三电极21，第二极连接第一节点A；第一晶体管T1的第一极连接与其对应的读取信号线Read Line，第二极连接第二晶体管T2的第一极，控制极连接第N+1行驱动信号线Gate N+1；第二晶体管T2的第一极连接所述第一晶体管T1的第二极，第二极连接第一电源端Vd，控制极连接所述第一节点A；第三晶体管T3的第一极连接与其对应的复位信号线Reset Line，第二极连接所述第一节点A，控制极连接第N行驱动信号线Gate N。第一节点A为第三晶体管T3的第二极、整流二极管PN的第二极、第二晶体管T2的控制极三者的连接节点。指纹识别基板还可包括与发射部TX的第一电极11连接的第一电极线L，其用于为第一电极11提供电压信号。
如图6所示，指纹检测器还可包括第二存储电容C2，其中，第二存储电容C2的第一端连接所述第一节点A，第二端连接所述 第一电极线L。如在后面描述的，第二存储电容C2可用于稳定地维持第一节点A的电位。
根据本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板可用作显示装置中的显示基板。该显示基板可以划分为多个像素区，且在每个像素区中可设置有至少一个发射部TX和至少一个接收部RX，以使得指纹识别的精度更加准确。如图4所示，每个像素区可包括一个发射部TX、一个接收部RX、和至少一个子像素(例如，红色子像素R、绿色子像素G、蓝色子像素B等)。当指纹识别基板用作显示基板时，可将指纹识别基板设置在显示装置的TFT玻璃的正面，使得发射部TX更靠近触控体(例如手指)，从而有利于发射部TX所产生的超声波到达手指，以提高触控精度。
在利用作为显示基板的指纹识别基板进行指纹识别的同时，可以通过逐行扫描显示基板上的各行像素单元以使各个像素单元显示相应的灰阶，来驱动显示基板进行显示，从而实现指纹识别与显示的集成。
如图7所示，当指纹识别基板用作显示基板时，该显示基板可包括多条数据线Data Line。显示基板中的每一个像素区可以包括一个指纹检测器(例如，如图5或6所示的指纹检测器)和至少一个像素单元(例如，一个红色像素单元、一个绿色像素单元、和一个蓝色像素单元)。红色像素单元例如可包括第四晶体管T4、第五晶体管T5、第一存储电容C1、和红色有机电致发光二极管OLED；绿色像素单元和蓝色像素单元均与红色像素单元的差别仅在于有机电致发光二极管OLED的发光颜色不同，其余部件均相同，在此不再详细描述。
在每一个像素单元中，第四晶体管T4的第一极连接与其对应的数据线Data Line，第二极连接第五晶体管T5的控制极和所述第一存储电容C1的第一端，控制极连接所述第N+1行驱动信号线Gate N+1；第五晶体管T5的第一极连接高电平电源端ELVDD，第二极连接有机电致发光二极管OLED的第一极和第一存储电容C1的第二端；有机电致发光二极管OLED的第二极连接低电平电 源端ELVSS。
第一晶体管T1、第二晶体管T2、第三晶体管T3、第四晶体管T4、第五晶体管T5可均为N型晶体管，或者，第一晶体管T1、第二晶体管T2、第三晶体管T3、第四晶体管T4、第五晶体管T5也可以为P型晶体管。以下仅以第一晶体管T1、第二晶体管T2、第三晶体管T3、第四晶体管T4、第五晶体管T5均为N型晶体管为例，对指纹识别基板的操作进行说明。
在实施例中，指纹识别基板的指纹识别操作可包括以下描述的第一至第三阶段。
在第一阶段(复位阶段)，给第N行驱动信号线Gate N输入的信号为高电平，第三晶体管T3导通，复位信号线Reset Line所输入的复位信号经第三晶体管T3传输到第二晶体管T2的控制极与整流二极管PN的第一端(也即PN结的N端)，以初始化整流二极管PN的第一端，使得第一节点A的电位处于低电平，第二晶体管T2截止。
在第二阶段(电荷积累阶段)，被手指的谷或者脊反射的超声波信号经过接收部RX中的压电材料后，会转化为相应的电信号，电信号经过整流二极管PN的PN结后会使得第一节点A的电位上升。在这一阶段，只要手指反射的超声波信号比之前时刻的大，就会通过PN结使得第一节点A的电位不断上升。由于谷和脊所反射的超声波大小不同，随着时间的增加，通过谷反射的信号在第一节点A处积累的电荷与通过脊反射的信号在第一节点A处积累的电荷之间的差异会越来越大。因此，对于谷和脊而言，第二晶体管T2的控制极的电位随着时间增加会存在越来越大差异。
在第三阶段(读取阶段)，给第N行驱动信号线Gate N输入低电平信号，给第N+1行驱动信号线Gate N+1输入高电平信号，第三晶体管T3截止，第一晶体管T1导通，给第一电源端Vd输入第一电源电压。由于谷和脊在第一节点A处所积累的电荷不同，也即对于谷和脊而言第二晶体管T2的控制极的电位不同，因此第 二晶体管T2对于谷和脊而言的导通状态(导通程度)是不同的，从而导致在给第一电源端Vd输入的第一电源电压中，经过第二晶体管T2传递到第二晶体管T2的第一极的电位不同，因此读取信号线Read Line所读取到的电信号也是不同，从而可以判断出关于谷和脊的信号。该电信号可以是电压信号，也可以是电流信号。如果没有指纹操作，即接收部RX没有接收到被指纹反射的信号，则第二晶体管T2的控制极保持低电平，第二晶体管T2截止，读取信号线Read Line上的信号保持不变。
在上述的第二阶段，也即电荷积累阶段，如果第一节点A处有较大的漏电(如1PA量级)，会导致在第一节点A处积累的电荷对于谷和脊的差异较小，可能出现由于积累电荷量小于漏电量而导致谷和脊无法区分的情况。为了稳定第一节点A的电位，可选地提供与第一节点A连接的第二存储电容C2，以减小由漏电导致的信号的衰减。
当指纹识别基板用作显示基板时，显示基板的显示操作可包括：给驱动信号线Gate N+1输入高电平信号，第四晶体管T4导通，通过数据线Data Line上被写入的数据电压信号，给第一存储电容C1的第一端充电，直至达到第五晶体管T5的阈值电压，第五晶体管T5导通，驱动有机电致发光二极管OLED发光，以进行显示。指纹检测器中的第一晶体管T1和第二晶体管T2可为低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管(LTPS TFT)。低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管的线性区坡度较缓，相比线性区坡度较大的氧化物薄膜晶体管(Oxide TFT)，在不同的栅极电压下，低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管能够更精准地输出不同的电流。因此通过判断低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管的输出电流能够更容易区分对应的开启电压(读取节点的电位)，从而使指纹识别更加精确。
指纹检测器中的第三晶体管T3可为氧化物薄膜晶体管(其有源层的材料可以为氧化铟镓锡、氧化铟锡、氧化铟镓锌、氧化锌等)。氧化物薄膜晶体管的漏电流较低(一般氧化物薄膜晶体管的漏电流低于10 -13安培)，可以最大程度地减少读取节点的电荷流 失，从而充分保持读取节点的电位，进而能够精准控制第二晶体管T2的开关状态。
当指纹识别基板用作显示基板时，显示基板的每个像素单元中的第四晶体管T4和第五晶体管T5也可采用氧化物薄膜晶体管。第四晶体管T4采用氧化物薄膜晶体管可以对信号进行锁存，防止漏电；第五晶体管T5采用氧化物薄膜晶体管可以实现晶体管的小尺寸设计，从而实现高分辨率(PPI)的设计。在一些实施例中，显示基板包括多个像素单元，其中驱动信号线(Gate N、Gate N+1等)在显示基板的显示过程中复用为栅线，用于为与其对应的像素单元提供栅极驱动信号。具体的，每个像素单元均包括像素驱动电路，而该驱动信号线则用于向像素驱动电路提供栅极驱动信号，控制像素驱动电路的工作。
本公开的实施例进一步提供一种指纹识别方法，该方法使用本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板。该方法包括：给指纹识别基板的发射部TX施加驱动电压，以驱动所述发射部TX产生超声波信号(步骤S1)；通过接收部RX接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给指纹检测器(步骤S2)；以及通过所述指纹检测器根据所述接收部RX所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息(步骤S3)。
在步骤S1，给第一电极11和第二电极12施加驱动电压，第一电极11和第二电极12之间的第一压电材料将会产生超声波。在步骤S2，如图8所示，当接收部RX的第四电极22接收到手指反射的超声波时，第二压电材料层23将超声波信号转换成电信号，并将该电信号通过第三电极21输出给指纹识别单元中的整流二极管PN(PN节)。由于整流二极管PN具有单向导通性，即该整流二极管PN相当于滤波器，因此可以对图9所示的第三电极21的输出电信号(正弦波)进行整流处理，以转换成图10所示的单向电信号。
步骤S3可包括如下的第一至第三阶段。
在第一阶段(复位阶段)，给第N行驱动信号线Gate N输入高电平信号，向复位信号线Reset Line输入复位信号。在该阶段，第三晶体管T3导通，复位信号经第三晶体管T3传输到第二晶体管T2的控制极与整流二极管PN的第一端(也即PN结的N端)，以初始化整流二极管PN的第一端，使得第一节点A的电位处于低电平，第二晶体管T2截止。
在第二阶段(电荷积累阶段)，等待一段时间。在该阶段，如果有手指放置在指纹识别基板上，则被手指的谷或者脊反射的超声波信号经过接收部RX中的压电材料后，会转化为相应的电信号，电信号经过整流二极管PN的PN结后会使得第一节点A的电位上升。在这一阶段，只要手指反射的超声波信号比之前时刻的大，就会通过PN结使得第一节点A的电位不断上升。由于谷和脊所反射的超声波大小不同，随着时间的增加，通过谷反射的信号在第一节点A处积累的电荷与通过脊反射的信号在第一节点A处积累的电荷之间的差异会越来越大。因此，对于谷和脊而言，第二晶体管T2的控制极的电位随着时间增加会存在越来越大差异。因此，在该阶段，可将等待的时间设置的足够长，使得在第一节点A处积累的电荷足以区分谷和脊。
在第三阶段(读取阶段)，给第N行驱动信号线Gate N输入低电平信号，给第N+1行驱动信号线Gate N+1输入高电平信号，给第一电源端Vd输入第一电源电压，并且通过所述读取信号线Read Line读取所述第二晶体管T2的第一极的电位，以确定指纹信息。此时，第三晶体管T3截止，第一晶体管T1导通。由于谷和脊在第一节点A处所积累的电荷不同，也即对于谷和脊而言第二晶体管T2的控制极的电位不同，因此第二晶体管T2对于谷和脊而言的导通状态(导通程度)是不同的，从而导致在给第一电源端Vd输入的第一电源电压中，经过第二晶体管T2传递到第二晶体管T2的第一极的电位不同，因此读取信号线Read Line所读取到的电信号也是不同，从而可以判断出关于谷和脊的信号。该电信号可以是电压信号，也可以是电流信号。如果没有指纹操作， 即接收部RX没有接收到被指纹反射的信号，则第二晶体管T2的控制极保持低电平，第二晶体管T2截止，读取信号线Read Line上的信号保持不变。
本公开的实施例进一步提供了一种显示装置，其包括根据本公开的实施例的指纹识别基板作为显示基板。因此，本实施例的显示装置具有指纹识别功能。
在所述显示装置中，用作显示基板的指纹识别基板可以划分为多个像素区，且在每个像素区中可设置有至少一个发射部TX和至少一个接收部RX。在一些实施例中，每个像素区中可设置有一个发射部TX、一个接收部RX和至少一个子像素。
所述显示装置可以为液晶显示装置或者电致发光显示装置，例如液晶面板、电子纸、OLED面板、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本公开的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本公开并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本公开的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种指纹识别基板，包括：
    基底；
    发射部，其设置在所述基底上，配置为产生超声波信号；
    接收部，其设置在所述基底上，配置为接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给指纹检测器；以及
    所述指纹检测器，配置为根据所述接收部所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息，其中，
    所述发射部的至少一部分和所述接收部的至少一部分同层设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述发射部包括：沿背离所述基底的方向依次设置的第一电极、第一压电材料层、第二电极；
    所述接收部包括：沿背离所述基底的方向依次设置的第三电极、第二压电材料层、第四电极。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述第一压电材料层和所述第二压电材料层同层设置，并且由相同的材料一体地形成。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述第一电极和所述第三电极同层设置且材料相同。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述第二电极和所述第四电极同层设置且材料相同。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的指纹识别基板，还包括设置在 所述基底上方的多条驱动信号线、多条读取信号线、多条复位信号线；其中，所述指纹检测器包括：整流二极管、第一晶体管、第二晶体管、第三晶体管；其中，
    所述整流二极管的第一极连接所述第三电极，第二极连接第一节点；
    所述第一晶体管的第一极连接与其对应的所述读取信号线，第二极连接第二晶体管的第一极，控制极连接第N+1行所述驱动信号线，其中N为大于等于1的整数；
    所述第二晶体管的第一极连接所述第一晶体管的第二极，第二极连接第一电源端，控制极连接所述第一节点；
    所述第三晶体管的第一极连接与其对应的所述复位信号线，第二极连接所述第一节点，控制极连接第N行所述驱动信号线；
    所述第一节点为所述第三晶体管的第二极、所述整流二极管的第二极、所述第二晶体管的控制极三者的连接节点。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的指纹识别基板，还包括多条数据线、多个像素单元，其中，每个所述像素单元包括：第四晶体管、第五晶体管、第一存储电容、有机电致发光二极管；其中，
    所述第四晶体管的第一极连接与其对应的所述数据线，第二极连接所述第五晶体管的控制极和所述第一存储电容的第一端，控制极连接所述第N+1行驱动信号线；
    所述第五晶体管的第一极连接高电平电源端，第二极连接所述有机电致发光二极管的第一极和所述第一存储电容的第二端；所述有机电致发光二极管的第二极连接低电平电源端。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述第一晶体管和所述第二晶体管均为低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管；
    所述第三晶体管、所述第四晶体管和所述第五晶体管为氧化物薄膜晶体管。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的指纹识别基板，还包括与所述第一电极连接的第一电极线；所述指纹检测器还包括第二存储电容；其中，
    所述第二存储电容的第一端连接所述第一节点，第二端连接所述第一电极线。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述指纹识别基板包括多个像素区，在每一个所述像素区中均设置有一个所述发射部和一个所述接收部。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的指纹识别基板，还包括在所述发射部的下方的空气腔。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述第一电极和所述第二电极为板状电极。
  13. 一种利用如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的指纹识别基板的指纹识别方法，包括：
    在步骤S1，通过所述发射部产生超声波信号；
    在步骤S2，通过所述接收部接收手指所反射的超声波信号，并将该超声波信号转化成电信号输出给所述指纹检测器；以及
    在步骤S3，通过所述指纹检测器根据所述接收部所输出的电信号，确定指纹信息。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的指纹识别方法，其中，所述指纹识别基板为权利要求6所述的指纹识别基板；所述步骤S3包括：
    在复位阶段，给第N行所述驱动信号线输入高电平信号，给所述复位信号线输入复位信号；
    在电荷积累阶段，等待一段时间；
    在读取阶段，给第N行驱动信号线输入低电平信号，给第N+1 行所述驱动信号线施加高电平信号，给所述第一电源端输入第一电源电压，并且通过所述读取信号线读取所述第二晶体管的第一极的电位，以确定指纹信息。
  15. 一种显示装置，包括权利要求1-12中任一项所述的指纹识别基板，其中，所述指纹识别基板用作所述显示装置的显示基板。
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