WO2018223158A1 - Rock bolt with water impenetrable sheath - Google Patents

Rock bolt with water impenetrable sheath Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018223158A1
WO2018223158A1 PCT/ZA2018/050029 ZA2018050029W WO2018223158A1 WO 2018223158 A1 WO2018223158 A1 WO 2018223158A1 ZA 2018050029 W ZA2018050029 W ZA 2018050029W WO 2018223158 A1 WO2018223158 A1 WO 2018223158A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleeve
grout
rock bolt
proximal end
groutable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ZA2018/050029
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Brendan Robert Crompton
Original Assignee
Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd filed Critical Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd
Publication of WO2018223158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018223158A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grouted rock bolt.
  • the encasing grout is the only barrier between the rock bolt and the corrosive mine drainage. This is not an impermeable barrier as this mine drainage does permeate through cracks in the grout, eventually reaching the grout encased rock bolt. Corrosion of the rock bolt can then occur which significantly impacts on the structural integrity of the bolt.
  • the invention aims, at least partly, to address the aforementioned problems.
  • the invention provides a groutable rock bolt assembly which includes a rock bolt which has an elongate body which extends between a proximal end and a distal end, a mechanical anchor on the body at or towards the distal end, a faceplate on a proximal end portion of the bolt, a tensioning means between the faceplate and the proximal end, a protective sleeve of a water impermeable material which encloses a length of the body between the mechanical anchor and the faceplate, which extends between a first end and a second end and which has a distal end closure and a proximal end closure which close the first end and the second end respectively, a grout tube which extends between an inlet end and an outlet end and which penetrates the proximal end closure to present an outlet end within the sleeve, wherein the proximal end closure is sealed to grout egress from an interior of the sleeve, when grout is introduced to the interior through the grout tube, and where
  • the rock bolt may be made of any suitable metal material.
  • the sleeve may be made of a suitable rigid or semi-rigid plastics or composite material.
  • the tensioning means may be a nut threadedly engaged to a threaded proximal end portion of the rock bolt body.
  • the rock bolt body may have at least one resistive formation on the length of the body enclosed by the sleeve.
  • the resistive formation is a paddled formation.
  • the wall of the sleeve may be formed with corrugations.
  • proximal and distal end closures are each a discrete cap which engages the first and the second ends respectively of the sleeve.
  • the invention further provides a groutable rock anchor which includes a protective sleeve of a rigid or semi-rigid water impermeable material which extends between a first end and a second end, a distal end cap, formed with a plurality of grout apertures, and a proximal end cap which engage the first end and the second end of the sleeve respectively to close these ends and a rod which sealingly penetrates both end caps to pass through the sleeve.
  • a protective sleeve of a rigid or semi-rigid water impermeable material which extends between a first end and a second end
  • a distal end cap formed with a plurality of grout apertures
  • a proximal end cap which engage the first end and the second end of the sleeve respectively to close these ends and a rod which sealingly penetrates both end caps to pass through the sleeve.
  • the rod may be made of any suitable metal material such as, for example, steel.
  • the rod may be formed with at least one resistive formation on a part of the rod that is enclosed by the sleeve.
  • the resistive formation is a paddled formation.
  • the sleeve may be made of a suitable rigid or semi-rigid plastics or composite material.
  • the wall of the sleeve may be formed with corrugations.
  • Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a rock bolt system in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 1 A is a view in cross section of the rock bolt through the line A-A on Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 2 isometrically illustrates the rock bolt system of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is an isometric view of a proximal end of the rock bolt system
  • Figure 4 is an isometric view of the rock bolt system from a distal end of the rock bolt.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the rock bolt system in a rock hole with a protective sleeve of the system longitudinally sectioned.
  • the rock bolt assembly includes a rock bolt 12 having a solid elongate rod-like body 14, made of a suitable steel material, which extends between a proximal end 16 and an opposed distal end 18.
  • the rock bolt body 14 is partially threaded from the proximal end 16 to provide a threaded end portion 20.
  • the rock bolt On a distal end part of the body, the rock bolt has a mechanical anchor 22, of any construction suitable to radially expanding when actuated, so as to make frictional contact with the walls of a rock hole in which the rock bolt assembly is inserted.
  • a faceplate 26 Opposed to the anchor, on the threaded end portion 20, a faceplate 26 is provided.
  • a nut 28 locates on the threaded end portion 20 between the faceplate and the proximal end 16 and a spherical seat 30 is interposed on the rock bolt body between the faceplate 26 and the nut 28.
  • a protective tubular sleeve 32 extends between a first end 34 and a second end 36.
  • the sleeve is made of a rigid water-impermeable material which, in this example, can be any suitable plastic material.
  • the protective sleeve extends along a substantial length of the rock bolt body, from just behind the mechanical anchor 24 to the end of the threaded end portion 20.
  • the protective sleeve 32 is formed, on an outer surface, with a plurality of alternating annular ribs or bulbous sections and recessed sections, respectively 38 and 40.
  • an internal annular space 33 (see Figure 1 A) is defined between an inner surface of the protective sleeve and the rock bolt body.
  • Each end (34, 36) of the protective sleeve 32 is closed with a proximal end cap 42 and a distal end cap 44 respectively.
  • the distal end cap has a plurality of radially spaced apertures 46.
  • the proximal end cap see Figure
  • the rock bolt body can have a plurality of spaced resistive anchor formations which interact with surrounding grout, in use, in a manner which will be more fully described below.
  • Each resistive anchor in the preferred embodiment, is a paddle shaped anchor which is formed by flattening a section of the body to exceed its diametric cylindrical dimension in at least one radial direction. Only one formation is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 with the remainder of the plurality hidden from view within the protective sleeve 32. In Figure 5, the other paddle anchors are not illustrated within the sleeve for ease of illustration.
  • the last of the resistive paddle anchors designated 48 defines the limit of the protective sleeve 32, with this particular anchor sealingly passing through the proximal end cap 46 as best illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the assembly 10 is completed with a grout tube 50 which extends between an inlet end 52 and an outlet end 53 (which is shown in Figure 5).
  • the grout tube extends from within the protective sleeve, where the outlet end is located, sealingly through the proximal end cap 46, along the threaded end portion 20 of the elongate body in close axial alignment, penetrating the faceplate 26 to end at the inlet end which, in use of the assembly, presents exteriorly of the rock hole in which it is placed.
  • the rock bolt assembly 10 is inserted into a predrilled rock hole 54, distal end 18 leading.
  • the mechanical anchor 24 is actuated to anchor the rock bolt within the rock hole and the faceplate 26, which is located outside the rock hole, is brought into contact with the hanging wall 56.
  • the faceplate is brought into load bearing contact by spinning the nut along the threaded end portion into contact with the spherical seat 30 and the spherical seat into contact with the faceplate and then torqueing the nut.
  • a grout nozzle of a grout delivery apparatus (not shown) is then engaged with the inlet end 52 of the grout tube and grout is pumped from a source, through the grout tube 50 into the internal annular space 33 of the protective sleeve.
  • the ridged and recessed sections (38, 40) of the protective sleeve 32 provide a resistive surface to the grout of the external grouted column 64.
  • the rock bolt is encased within the internal grouted column 62.
  • the rock bolt can move resistively through the internal grouted column and the rock bolt assembly, as a whole, can move resistively through the external grouted column.
  • the internally grouted sleeve acts resistively within the external grout column.
  • the resistive anchors 46 act analogously in resistive interaction with internal grouted column.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention further provides a groutable rock anchor which includes a protective sleeve of a rigid or semi-rigid water impermeable material which extends between a first end and a second end, a distal end cap, formed with a plurality of grout apertures, and a proximal end cap which engage the first end and the second end of the sleeve respectively to close these ends and a rod which sealingly penetrates both end caps to pass through the sleeve.

Description

ROCK BOLT WITH WATER IMPENETRABLE SHEATH
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a grouted rock bolt.
[0002] There are two principal methods of getting a grout material into a rock hole to grout a rock bolt in the rock hole. The method employed is either by inserting grout cartridges into the rock hole before the bolt or by pumping grout into the hole, after the installation of the rock bolt, through a grout pipe.
[0003] In both cases, the encasing grout is the only barrier between the rock bolt and the corrosive mine drainage. This is not an impermeable barrier as this mine drainage does permeate through cracks in the grout, eventually reaching the grout encased rock bolt. Corrosion of the rock bolt can then occur which significantly impacts on the structural integrity of the bolt.
[0004] The invention aims, at least partly, to address the aforementioned problems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The invention provides a groutable rock bolt assembly which includes a rock bolt which has an elongate body which extends between a proximal end and a distal end, a mechanical anchor on the body at or towards the distal end, a faceplate on a proximal end portion of the bolt, a tensioning means between the faceplate and the proximal end, a protective sleeve of a water impermeable material which encloses a length of the body between the mechanical anchor and the faceplate, which extends between a first end and a second end and which has a distal end closure and a proximal end closure which close the first end and the second end respectively, a grout tube which extends between an inlet end and an outlet end and which penetrates the proximal end closure to present an outlet end within the sleeve, wherein the proximal end closure is sealed to grout egress from an interior of the sleeve, when grout is introduced to the interior through the grout tube, and wherein the distal end closure is formed with a plurality of grout apertures to allow egress of the grout from the first end of the sleeve when the grout has filled the interior.
[0006] The rock bolt may be made of any suitable metal material.
[0007] The sleeve may be made of a suitable rigid or semi-rigid plastics or composite material. [0008] The tensioning means may be a nut threadedly engaged to a threaded proximal end portion of the rock bolt body.
[0009] The rock bolt body may have at least one resistive formation on the length of the body enclosed by the sleeve. Preferably the resistive formation is a paddled formation. [0010] The wall of the sleeve may be formed with corrugations.
[0011] The proximal and distal end closures are each a discrete cap which engages the first and the second ends respectively of the sleeve.
[0012] The invention further provides a groutable rock anchor which includes a protective sleeve of a rigid or semi-rigid water impermeable material which extends between a first end and a second end, a distal end cap, formed with a plurality of grout apertures, and a proximal end cap which engage the first end and the second end of the sleeve respectively to close these ends and a rod which sealingly penetrates both end caps to pass through the sleeve.
[0013] The rod may be made of any suitable metal material such as, for example, steel.
[0014] The rod may be formed with at least one resistive formation on a part of the rod that is enclosed by the sleeve. Preferably the resistive formation is a paddled formation.
[0015] The sleeve may be made of a suitable rigid or semi-rigid plastics or composite material.
[0016] The wall of the sleeve may be formed with corrugations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a rock bolt system in accordance with the invention;
Figure 1 A is a view in cross section of the rock bolt through the line A-A on Figure 1 ;
Figure 2 isometrically illustrates the rock bolt system of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 is an isometric view of a proximal end of the rock bolt system;
Figure 4 is an isometric view of the rock bolt system from a distal end of the rock bolt; and
Figure 5 illustrates the rock bolt system in a rock hole with a protective sleeve of the system longitudinally sectioned. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0018] With reference to the accompanying Figures 1 to 4, a rock bolt assembly 10 in accordance with the invention is described. The rock bolt assembly includes a rock bolt 12 having a solid elongate rod-like body 14, made of a suitable steel material, which extends between a proximal end 16 and an opposed distal end 18.
[0019] The rock bolt body 14 is partially threaded from the proximal end 16 to provide a threaded end portion 20.
[0020] On a distal end part of the body, the rock bolt has a mechanical anchor 22, of any construction suitable to radially expanding when actuated, so as to make frictional contact with the walls of a rock hole in which the rock bolt assembly is inserted. Opposed to the anchor, on the threaded end portion 20, a faceplate 26 is provided. A nut 28 locates on the threaded end portion 20 between the faceplate and the proximal end 16 and a spherical seat 30 is interposed on the rock bolt body between the faceplate 26 and the nut 28.
[0021] Along a length of the body, a protective tubular sleeve 32 extends between a first end 34 and a second end 36. The sleeve is made of a rigid water-impermeable material which, in this example, can be any suitable plastic material. The protective sleeve extends along a substantial length of the rock bolt body, from just behind the mechanical anchor 24 to the end of the threaded end portion 20.
[0022] The protective sleeve 32 is formed, on an outer surface, with a plurality of alternating annular ribs or bulbous sections and recessed sections, respectively 38 and 40. Within a tubular interior of protective sleeve, an internal annular space 33 (see Figure 1 A) is defined between an inner surface of the protective sleeve and the rock bolt body.
[0023] Each end (34, 36) of the protective sleeve 32 is closed with a proximal end cap 42 and a distal end cap 44 respectively. As illustrated in Figure 3, the distal end cap has a plurality of radially spaced apertures 46. The proximal end cap (see Figure
4) is not apertured.
[0024] The rock bolt body can have a plurality of spaced resistive anchor formations which interact with surrounding grout, in use, in a manner which will be more fully described below. Each resistive anchor, in the preferred embodiment, is a paddle shaped anchor which is formed by flattening a section of the body to exceed its diametric cylindrical dimension in at least one radial direction. Only one formation is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 with the remainder of the plurality hidden from view within the protective sleeve 32. In Figure 5, the other paddle anchors are not illustrated within the sleeve for ease of illustration. In this particular embodiment, the last of the resistive paddle anchors designated 48 defines the limit of the protective sleeve 32, with this particular anchor sealingly passing through the proximal end cap 46 as best illustrated in Figure 4.
[0025] The assembly 10 is completed with a grout tube 50 which extends between an inlet end 52 and an outlet end 53 (which is shown in Figure 5). The grout tube extends from within the protective sleeve, where the outlet end is located, sealingly through the proximal end cap 46, along the threaded end portion 20 of the elongate body in close axial alignment, penetrating the faceplate 26 to end at the inlet end which, in use of the assembly, presents exteriorly of the rock hole in which it is placed.
[0026] In use, the rock bolt assembly 10 is inserted into a predrilled rock hole 54, distal end 18 leading. The mechanical anchor 24 is actuated to anchor the rock bolt within the rock hole and the faceplate 26, which is located outside the rock hole, is brought into contact with the hanging wall 56. This is illustrated in Figure 5. The faceplate is brought into load bearing contact by spinning the nut along the threaded end portion into contact with the spherical seat 30 and the spherical seat into contact with the faceplate and then torqueing the nut. [0027] A grout nozzle of a grout delivery apparatus (not shown) is then engaged with the inlet end 52 of the grout tube and grout is pumped from a source, through the grout tube 50 into the internal annular space 33 of the protective sleeve. As grout is introduced progressively, it will percolate upwardly within the sleeve, rising to the distal end cap 44 to provide an internal grouted column 62. There, the grout will pass through the apertures 46 and cascade into an exterior annular space 58 between the rock bolt 12 and the walls of the rock hole to provide an external grouted column 64.
[0028] The ridged and recessed sections (38, 40) of the protective sleeve 32 provide a resistive surface to the grout of the external grouted column 64. Within the sleeve, the rock bolt is encased within the internal grouted column 62. Thus, to supportively accommodate rock movement, the rock bolt can move resistively through the internal grouted column and the rock bolt assembly, as a whole, can move resistively through the external grouted column. With regards to the latter, the internally grouted sleeve acts resistively within the external grout column. With the former, the resistive anchors 46 act analogously in resistive interaction with internal grouted column.
[0029] Moreover, with the protective sleeve 32 being impermeable to water, mine drainage is prevented from contacting at least a substantial length of the rock bolt, being that length that is encased within the internal grouted column 62 within the sleeve, and the structural integrity of the bolt 12 is preserved.

Claims

1 . A groutable rock bolt assembly which includes a rock bolt which has an elongate body which extends between a proximal end and a distal end, a mechanical anchor on the body at or towards the distal end, a faceplate on a proximal end portion of the bolt, a tensioning means between the faceplate and the proximal end, a protective sleeve of a water impermeable material which encloses a length of the body between the mechanical anchor and the faceplate, which extends between a first end and a second end and which has a distal end closure and a proximal end closure which close the first end and the second end respectively, a grout tube which extends between an inlet end and an outlet end and which penetrates the proximal end closure to present an outlet end within the sleeve, wherein the proximal end closure is sealed to grout egress from an interior of the sleeve, when grout is introduced to the interior through the grout tube, and wherein the distal end closure has a plurality of grout apertures to allow egress of the grout from the first end of the sleeve when the grout has filled the interior.
2. A groutable rock bolt assembly according to claim 1 wherein the sleeve is made of a rigid or semi-rigid plastics or composite material.
3. A groutable rock bolt assembly according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the tensioning means is a nut threadedly engaged to a threaded proximal end portion of the rock bolt body.
4. A groutable rock bolt assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the elongate body is formed with at least one resistive formation on the length of the body enclosed by the sleeve.
5. A groutable rock bolt assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein a wall of the sleeve is formed with corrugations.
6. A groutable rock bolt assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the distal and proximal end closures are each a discrete cap which engages the first and second ends respectively of the sleeve.
7. A groutable rock anchor which includes a protective sleeve of a rigid or semi- rigid water impermeable material which extends between a first end and a second end, a distal end cap, formed with a plurality of grout apertures, and a proximal end cap which engage the first end and the second end of the sleeve respectively to close these ends and a rod which sealingly penetrates both end caps to pass through the sleeve.
8. A groutable rock anchor according to claim 7 wherein the rod is a steel rod.
9. A groutable rock anchor according to claim 8 wherein the rod is formed with at least one resistive formation on a part of the rod that is enclosed by the sleeve.
10. A groutable rock anchor according to any one of claims 7 to 9 wherein the sleeve is made of a rigid or semi-rigid plastics or composite material.
1 1 . A groutable rock anchor according to any one of claims 7 to 10 wherein a wall of the sleeve is formed with corrugations.
PCT/ZA2018/050029 2017-05-31 2018-05-31 Rock bolt with water impenetrable sheath WO2018223158A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA201703720 2017-05-31
ZA2017/03720 2017-05-31

Publications (1)

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WO2018223158A1 true WO2018223158A1 (en) 2018-12-06

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WO (1) WO2018223158A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201803626B (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110273419A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-09-24 山东建勘集团有限公司 A kind of rock mass anchor pole and construction method
CN113153396A (en) * 2021-04-19 2021-07-23 华北科技学院 Hole sealing, grouting and water plugging reinforcing method for anchor cable holes in roadway water spraying area
US20220251799A1 (en) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Amir Rydyan Injectable tie back cover for waterproofing, apparatus, and a method of using same
KR102568735B1 (en) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-22 위너스산업 주식회사 Soil nail assembly that can be customized according to the anchoring force adjustment and ground characteristics
KR102568736B1 (en) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-22 위너스산업 주식회사 steel pipe assembly that can be customized according to the anchoring force adjustment and ground characteristics
KR102568734B1 (en) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-22 위너스산업 주식회사 Rock bolt assembly that can be customized according to the fixing force adjustment and ground characteristics

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1247991B (en) * 1962-07-05 1967-08-24 Grand Rapids Arrangement for closing a borehole for cementing a rock bolt
WO2014091074A1 (en) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-19 Suomen Metallityö Oy Rock anchor bolt
WO2015176081A2 (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Breather tube indicator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1247991B (en) * 1962-07-05 1967-08-24 Grand Rapids Arrangement for closing a borehole for cementing a rock bolt
WO2014091074A1 (en) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-19 Suomen Metallityö Oy Rock anchor bolt
WO2015176081A2 (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Breather tube indicator

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110273419A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-09-24 山东建勘集团有限公司 A kind of rock mass anchor pole and construction method
US20220251799A1 (en) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Amir Rydyan Injectable tie back cover for waterproofing, apparatus, and a method of using same
US11959245B2 (en) * 2021-02-08 2024-04-16 Amir Rudyan Injectable tie back cover for waterproofing, apparatus, and a method of using same
CN113153396A (en) * 2021-04-19 2021-07-23 华北科技学院 Hole sealing, grouting and water plugging reinforcing method for anchor cable holes in roadway water spraying area
KR102568735B1 (en) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-22 위너스산업 주식회사 Soil nail assembly that can be customized according to the anchoring force adjustment and ground characteristics
KR102568736B1 (en) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-22 위너스산업 주식회사 steel pipe assembly that can be customized according to the anchoring force adjustment and ground characteristics
KR102568734B1 (en) * 2023-01-10 2023-08-22 위너스산업 주식회사 Rock bolt assembly that can be customized according to the fixing force adjustment and ground characteristics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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