WO2018222134A1 - Cancérothérapie - Google Patents

Cancérothérapie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018222134A1
WO2018222134A1 PCT/SG2018/050209 SG2018050209W WO2018222134A1 WO 2018222134 A1 WO2018222134 A1 WO 2018222134A1 SG 2018050209 W SG2018050209 W SG 2018050209W WO 2018222134 A1 WO2018222134 A1 WO 2018222134A1
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Prior art keywords
inhibitor
therapy
treatment according
treatment
her2
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PCT/SG2018/050209
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English (en)
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Mark Thomas Mchale
Bertil Lindmark
Ann Gee Lisa OOI
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Aslan Pharmaceuticals Pte Ltd
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Publication of WO2018222134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018222134A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
    • A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method of treating breast cancer which is negative for at least one marker selected from ER, PR, HER2, and a combination of two or more of the same (such as triple negative breast cancer] with a therapy comprising a DHODH inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease exhibiting diverse biological characteristics and clinical responses. There are three molecules that have been identified which promote many breast cancers: estrogen receptor (ER], progesterone receptor (PR], and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2]. Triple negative breast cancer is a particularly aggressive form of breast cancer which fails to express all three of these markers. Although triple negative breast cancer represents a relatively small percentage of all breast cancers ( ⁇ 20%], it is typically high grade (poorly differentiated] and rapidly progressive, with a higher risk of relapse and lower survival than other subtypes of breast cancer. Therefore, triple negative breast cancer is associated with a disproportionate number of breast cancer related deaths.
  • estrogen receptor ER
  • PR progesterone receptor
  • HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
  • DHODH inhibitors Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors
  • Known DHODH inhibitors include leflunomide or teriflunomide.
  • the present inventors believe that the DHODH inhibitor 2-(3,5-difluoro- 3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful in the treatment of breast cancers that are negative for one or more of ER, PR and HER2, in particular triple negative breast cancer.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a breast cancer, which is negative for a marker selected from ER, PR, HER2 and a combination of two or more of the same comprising administering a therapeutically effect amount of a DHODH inhibitor 2-(3,5- difluoro-3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the DHODH inhibitor 2- (3,5-difluoro-3'methoxybiphenyl-4- ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof does not rely on targetting the expression of ER, PR and/or HER2, it can effectively treat a breast cancer negative for one or more of these receptor molecules, in particular the so-called triple negative breast cancer.
  • the breast cancer is negative for ER. In another embodiment, the breast cancer is negative for PR. In another embodiment, the breast cancer is negative for HER2.
  • the breast cancer is negative for ER and PR. In another embodiment, the breast cancer is negative for PR and HER2. In another embodiment, the breast cancer is negative for ER and HER2.
  • the breast cancer is negative for ER, PR and HER2, also referred herein as triple negative breast cancer.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is employed in a combination therapy with a second therapy, in particular a second cancer therapy.
  • the second therapy is an inhibitor of DNA repair.
  • the inhibitor is a small molecule therapy.
  • inhibitor mechanism is via the base excision repair pathway.
  • the inhibitor's target is independently selected from APE1, Pol ⁇ , FEN1, and PARP.
  • the inhibitor is selected from TRC102, (2E]-2-[(4,5-Dimethoxy-2- methyl-3,6-dioxo-l,4-cyclohexadien-l-yl]methylene]-undecanoic acid [also known as E3330], NCS- 666715 and NSC-124854, 8-oxoguamine, tanespirmycin, luminespib, alvespimycin, genetespib, retaspimycin, 6-Amino-8- [(6-iodo-l,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]thio]-N-(l-methylethyl]-9H-purine-9- propanamine (PU-H71], 4-[2-carbamoyl-5- [6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl]-5,7- dihydroindazol-l-yl]anilino]cyclohexyl] 2-amin
  • the inhibitor is a PARP inhibitor, such as a PARP-1 and/or PARP- 2 inhibitor.
  • the PARP inhibitor is independently selected from olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, iniparib, talazoparib, veliparib, CEP9722, E7016, BGB-290, AZD-2461, 3-aminobenzamide and combinations thereof.
  • the inhibitor mechanism is via the mismatch repair pathway.
  • the inhibitor mechanism is via the nucleotide excision pathway.
  • the inhibitor is independently selected from 7-hydroxystaurosporine [UCN-01], trabectedin, MCI13E, NERI01 and combinations of two or more of the same.
  • the inhibitor mechanism is via the double stranded break repair pathway.
  • the inhibitor mechanism is via the non-homologous end joining pathway.
  • the inhibitor mechanism is via the homologous recombination pathway.
  • the second therapy is a topoisomerase inhibitor, such as topoisomerase I and/or II inhibitor.
  • the topoisomerase inhibitor is independently selected from irinotecan, topotecan, camptothecin lamellarin D and combinations thereof.
  • the topoisomerase inhibitor is independently selected from etoposide
  • VP- 16 teniposide, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, amsacrine, ellipticines, aurintricarboxylic acid, 3-Hydroxy-2- [(li?]-6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-cyclohex-2-en- l-yl]-5-pentyl- 1,4-benzoquinone (HU-331] and combinations thereof.
  • the topoisomerase inhibitor is doxorubicin.
  • the DHODH inhibitor provides anticancer efficacy via induction of p53.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered orally, for example once daily, or bi- daily.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered at a dose of 50 to 500 mg/kg, for example 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or 500 mg/kg.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg, once daily.
  • the breast cancer therapy further comprises a pan-HER inhibitor [R)- N4- [3-Chloro-4- (thiazol2-ylmethoxy]-phenyl]-N6- (4-methyl-4,5,-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl]- quinazoline-4,6-diamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • pan-HER inhibitor is administered parenterally.
  • pan-HER inhibitor is administered orally, for example is administered bi-daily.
  • 2-(3,5-difluoro-3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a breast cancer, in particular a breast cancer disclosed herein which is negative for a marker selected from ER, PR, HER2 and a combination of two or more of the same, such as triple negative breast cancer.
  • pan-HER inhibitor such as (i?]-N4- [3-Chloro-4-(thiazol2-ylmethoxy]-phenyl]-N6-(4-methyl-4,5,-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl]- quinazoline-4,6-diamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • a DHODH inhibitor 2- (3,5-difluoro-3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a breast cancer, in particular a breast cancer disclosed herein which is negative for a marker selected from ER, PR, HER2 and a combination of two or more of the same, such as a triple negative negative breast cancer.
  • a DHODH inhibitor 2-(3,5-difluoro- 3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the manufacture of a therapy for the treatment of breast cancer, in particular a breast cancer disclosed herein which is negative for a marker selected from ER, PR, HER2 and a combination of two or more of the same, such as a triple negative breast cancer.
  • a DHODH inhibitor 2-(3,5-difluoro- 3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the manufacture of a combination therapy for the treatment of breast cancer, in particular a breast cancer disclosed herein which is negative for a marker selected from ER, PR, HER2 and a combination of two or more of the same, such as triple negative breast cancer.
  • pan-HER inhibitor such as i?]-N4-[3-Chloro-4-(thiazol2- ylmethoxy]-phenyl]-N6-(4-methyl-4,5,-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl]-quinazoline-4,6-diamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • DHODH inhibitor 2-(3,5-difluoro- 3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the manufacture of a combination therapy for the treatment of a breast cancer, in particular a breast cancer disclosed herein which is negative for a marker selected from ER, PR, HER2 and a combination of two or more of the same.
  • the therapy of the present disclosure continues for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 months or more.
  • dosing of the second therapy continues for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 months or more.
  • Varlitinib (i?]-N4-[3-Chloro-4-(thiazol2-ylmethoxy]-phenyl]-N6-(4-methyl-4,5,-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl]- quinazoline-4,6-diamine is also known as Varlitinib.
  • Varlitinib is administered in a 28 day cycle.
  • DHODH is a key enzyme in the production of uridine, which is a central building block in the cell. Whilst not wishing to be bound by theory it may be that the DHODH inhibitor is able to upregulate p53 based apoptosis.
  • the up-regulation of p53 (which may lead to cell cycle arrest and at higher levels of p 53, to apoptosis] is likely to occur via mechanisms sensing the levels of intracellular uridine, and then setting forth a series of reactions leading to stabilisation of p53, and increasing its concentration (also referred to herein as p53 induction].
  • DHODH inhibitors such as -(3,5-difluoro- 3'methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be particularly advantageous for use in the treatment of breast cancers because they kill cancer cells via apoptosis, which does not involve necrotic cell death.
  • Necrosis is a form of cell injury which results in premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis (i.e. destruction of the cell through the action of its own enzymes]. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death.
  • necrotic cell death does not follow the apoptotic signal transduction pathway, but rather various receptors are activated, and result in the loss of cell membrane integrity and an uncontrolled release of products of cell death into the extracellular space.
  • necrosis results in a build-up of decomposing dead tissue and cell debris at or near the site of the cell death.
  • a classic example is gangrene. For this reason, it is often necessary to remove necrotic tissue surgically, a procedure known as debridement.
  • the ability to treat breast cancers with a DHODH inhibitor that causes apoptotic cell death is likely to lead to less side effects and an overall better therapeutic outcome.
  • the DHODH inhibitor herein may be beneficial in the therapy according to the present disclosure because the biological effects are stronger than those of "first generation" DHODH inhibitors, such as leflunomide and teriflunomide.
  • the DHODH inhibitor of the present disclosure may have less toxicity (off target effects] than the so-called "first generations” inhibitors, such as leflunomide and teriflunomide.
  • the DHODH is employed in a combination therapy with a biological therapeutic agent, such as an antibody or binding fragment thereof.
  • a biological therapeutic agent such as an antibody or binding fragment thereof.
  • the biological therapeutic agent is administered parenterally.
  • DHODH inhibitor as a combination therapy, for example wherein the second therapy is an inhibitor of the DNA repair and/or a pan-HER inhibitor may be particular beneficial to minimises the cancers ability to resist treatment, in particular by "attacking" the cancer cells by two or more mechanisms with the combination therapy.
  • an inhibitor of DNA repair for example, the sensitivity of a tumor cell to DNA damage caused by anti-cancer agents and thus DNA damage-induced cell death is enhanced.
  • ABT-737 a PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor
  • Topoisomerase inhibitors which may be employed in a method of the present disclosure include type I topoisomerase inhibitors, type II topoisomerase inhibitors and type II
  • Type I inhibitors include topotecan, irinotecan, indotecan and indimitecan.
  • Type II inhibitors include genistein and ICRF 193 which has the following structure:
  • Type II poisons include amsacrine, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, teniposide and doxorubicin and fluoroquinolones.
  • the DHODH inhibitor of the present disclosure is employed in a combination therapy comprising chemotherapy, in particular a described herein.
  • a method of treating a patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of a pan-HER inhibitor and a therapeutically effective amount of DHODH inhibitor.
  • the pan-HER inhibitor is an organic chemistry molecule, for example with a molecular weight of 500 or less.
  • pan-HER inhibitor has a molecular formula of formula (I):
  • pan-HER inhibitor is an inhibitor of one or more HER receptors independently selected from HER1, HER2, HER3, HER4.
  • Varlitinib is employed as a free base. Varlitinib at an appropriate dose is capable of inhibiting HERl, HER2 and HER4 directly and thought to be capable of inhibiting HER3 indirectly.
  • the compound of formula (I] (including formula (la] and Varlitinib] at least inhibits the activity of HERl and HER2, HERl and HER4 or HER2 and HER4.
  • the compound of formula (I] (including formula (la] and Varlitinib] at least inhibits the activity of HERl, HER2 and HER4, for example directly inhibits the activity of HERl, HER2 and HER4.
  • the compound of formula (I] (including formula (la] and Varlitinib] inhibits the activity of HERl, HER2, HER3 and HER4, for example directly inhibits the activity of HERl, HER2, and HER4, and indirectly inhibits the activity of HER3
  • each dose of the compound of formula (I], (including formula (la] and Varlitinib] is in the range 100 to 900mg, for example each dose is in the range of 300 to 500mg, such as 400mg, for example administered once or twice daily, such as twice daily.
  • patients may benefit from having the initial dose reduced to 300mg or 200mg bi-daily.
  • Other patients may benefit from receiving the compound of formula (I], such as Varlitinib, for example, in a regime which is non-continuous, such as taking medication on alternate days instead of each day or taking medication for four sequential days followed by one, two or three days without medication.
  • a regime which is non-continuous such as taking medication on alternate days instead of each day or taking medication for four sequential days followed by one, two or three days without medication.
  • the compound of formula (I], (including formula (la] and Varlitinib] is administered orally.
  • the pan-HER inhibitor is a combination of HER inhibitors.
  • pan-HER inhibitor such as Varlitinib is administered twice daily, for example a dose in the range disclosed herein.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is 2- (3, 5-difluoro-3'-methoxybiphenyl-4-ylamino] nicotinic acid
  • ASLAN003 (referred to herein as ASLAN003] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which has the structure:
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered daily, for example once daily.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered orally.
  • the DHODH inhibitor and the second therapy (for example a pan-HER inhibitor such as particular Varlitinib or chemotherapy] are administered sequentially in a treatment regimen, for example are administered on the same day.
  • the DHODH inhibitor and the second therapy are administered simultaneously, at approximately the same time.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered in regimen that is daily or weekly for a continuous period of time for example 1 to 60 months or more.
  • the second therapy (for example the pan-HER inhibitor such as Varlitinib or chemotherapy] may be administered intermittently during this period, and for example may be administered in a one or more 28 days cycles.
  • the administration protocol is likely to be very different to that of small molecule inhibitors.
  • An antibody or binding fragment may be administered (in particular in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy] in a regime as follows:
  • the second therapy (for example a pan-HER inhibitor or chemotherapy] is administered in regimen that is daily or weekly for a continuous period of time, for example 1 to 60 months or more, and the DHODH inhibitor is administered intermittently during this period.
  • Administered intermittently as employed herein refers to a period wherein the therapy is administered and then stopped with the option of starting the therapy again at some point in the future, for example in accordance with a treatment plan.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered in regimen that is daily or weekly for a continuous period of time, for example 1 to 60 months or more
  • the second therapy for example a pan-HER inhibitor or chemotherapy] is administered in regimen that is daily or weekly for a continuous period of time, for example 1 to 60 months or more.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered in regimen that is daily or weekly continuously over for example 1 to 60 months or more
  • the second therapy for example a pan- HER inhibitor or chemotherapy] is administered conjunctly with DHODH inhibitor in regimen that is daily or weekly for intermittent periods over, for example 1 to 60 months or more.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered in regimen that is daily or weekly for intermittent periods over for example 1 to 60 months or more
  • the second therapy for example a pan-HER inhibitor or chemotherapy] is administered conjunctly with DHODH inhibitor in regimen that is daily or weekly for intermittent periods over, for example 1 to 60 months or more.
  • the DHODH inhibitor and the second therapy are co-formulated.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered orally.
  • the second therapy is administered orally and/or administered parenterally, such as intravenously.
  • the DHODH inhibitor and the second therapy are both administered orally.
  • the DHODH inhibitor is administered orally and the second therapy is administered parenterally.
  • the patient is a human.
  • the therapy of the present disclosure is for example beneficial in that it provides augmented therapeutic activity in comparison to therapies currently employed for breast cancer, such as triple negative breast cancer.
  • Augmented activity may be any beneficial therapeutic effect of employing the therapy of the present disclosure, for example an increase in anti-tumor activity and/or a reduced propensity for the cancer to become resistant
  • Other benefits may be therapeutic effect in patients who have failed one or more lines of therapy.
  • the patient population has a cancer that is resistant or refractory to known therapies, such as cytotoxic chemotherapy.
  • Combination therapy refers to two or more modes of therapy being employed over the same treatment period, i.e. the opposite of sequential therapy.
  • Two or more modes of therapy as employed herein refers to at least two therapies which have different modes of action and/or different activities and/or different routes of administration.
  • the DHODH inhibitor and the second therapy have to administered in a time frame, where the pharmacological effects of a both therapies overlap, i.e. the treatment regimens for the said therapies partly coincide in time.
  • the pharmacological effects of a both therapies overlap, i.e. the treatment regimens for the said therapies partly coincide in time.
  • Combination therapy refers to where a medicament according to the present disclosure is administered in a treatment regimen along with at least one further therapeutic agent.
  • the regime may be separate formulations administered at the same time or different times or co-formulations of the two or more therapeutic agents.
  • the "first" medicament employed in the combination therapy according to the present disclosure may be administered; prior to the further therapeutic agent or agents, concomitant with the further therapeutic agent or agents, or after the further therapeutic agent or agents.
  • therapeutic agent or agents such as an anti-cancer therapy are employed in combination with the therapy of the present disclosure.
  • the therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent
  • Chemotherapeutic agent as employed herein is intended to refer to specific antineoplastic chemical agents or drugs that are destructive to malignant cells and tissues, including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anthracyclines, plant alkaloids, topoisomerase inhibitors, and other antitumour agents.
  • Specific examples of chemotherapy include doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU], paclitaxel (for example abraxane or docetaxel], capecitabine, irinotecan, and platins, such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin or a combination thereof.
  • a suitable dose may be chosen by the practitioner based on the nature of the cancer being treated and the patient
  • Co-administered as employed herein refers to administration of the DHODH inhibitor and the second therapy at the same time or approximately the same time (including where the actives are administered by the same or different routes].
  • Inhibitor refers to the reduction of a relevant biological activity, for example by 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100%, such as when measured in a relevant in vitro assay.
  • Direct inhibition is where the inhibitor binds directly to or physically blocks a binding interaction to inhibit a biological activity, or when the inhibitor inhibits the activation through phosphorylation of the target molecule.
  • Indirect inhibition refers to where the biological activity in question is inhibited as a result of directly inhibiting a target that is other than the entity that is indirectly inhibited.
  • Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway namely the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate concomitantly with an electron transfer to ubiquinone (cofactor Q] via a flavin mononucleotide intermediate (Loffler Mol Cell Biochem, 1997].
  • DHODH Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
  • mitochondrial cytochrome bcl a component of the electron transport chain complex III
  • DHODH dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
  • the p53 activation has been shown to be triggered by the impairment of the de novo pyrimidine 15 biosynthesis due to the suppression of DHODH.
  • a DHODH inhibitor as employed herein refers to a compound which inhibits the activity of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, in particular in vivo.
  • ASLAN003 is disclosed in WO2008/077639, incorporated herein by reference.
  • a biological therapeutic is one based on a protein, for example an antibody or binding fragment thereof, including fusion proteins and biological molecules conjugated to a polymer, toxin or similar payload.
  • a “drug” as employed herein refers to a chemical entity, organic chemistry molecule with pharmacological activity.
  • An example of a biological therapeutic conjugated to a payload is trastuzumab emtansine.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include but are not limited to acid addition salts of strong mineral acids such as HC1 and HBr salts and addition salts of strong organic acids, such as a methansulfonic acid salt, tosylates, furoates and the like, including di, tri salts thereof, such as ditosylates.
  • the combination therapy according to the present disclosure further comprises a RON inhibitor, for example as disclosed WO2008/058229, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the combination therapy of the present disclosure comprises a checkpoint inhibitor, such as a CTLA4 inhibitor, a PD-1 inhibitor or a PD-Ll inhibitor, in particular an antibody or binding fragment thereof.
  • a checkpoint inhibitor such as a CTLA4 inhibitor, a PD-1 inhibitor or a PD-Ll inhibitor, in particular an antibody or binding fragment thereof.
  • the DHODH therapy of the present disclosure may be employed in combination with a further cancer therapy, for example chemotherapy.
  • Chemotherapeutic agent and chemotherapy or cytotoxic agent are employed interchangeably herein unless the context indicates otherwise.
  • Chemotherapy as employed herein is intended to refer to specific antineoplastic chemical agents or drugs that are "selectively" destructive to malignant cells and tissues, for example alkylating agents, antimetabolites including thymidylate synthase inhibitors, anthracyclines, anti- microtubule agents including plant alkaloids, topoisomerase inhibitors, parp inhibitors and other antitumour agents. Selectively in this context is used loosely because of course many of these agents have serious side effects.
  • the preferred dose may be chosen by the practitioner, based on the nature of the cancer being treated.
  • alkylating agents which may be employed in the method of the present disclosure include an alkylating agent nitrogen mustards, nitrosoureas, tetrazines, aziridines, platins and derivatives, and non-classical alkylating agents.
  • platinum containing chemotherapeutic agent also referred to as platins
  • platins such as cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, satraplatin, picoplatin, nedaplatin, triplatin and lipoplatin (a 25 liposomal version of cisplatin]
  • cisplatin carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
  • the dose for cisplatin ranges from about 20 to about 270 mg/m 2 depending on the exact cancer. Often the dose is in the range about 70 to about 100mg/m 2 .
  • Nitrogen mustards include mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, ifosfamide and busulfan.
  • Nitrosoureas include N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU], carmustine (BCNU], lomustine (CCNU] and semustine (MeCCNU], fotemustine and streptozotocin.
  • Tetrazines include dacarbazine, mitozolomide and temozolomide.
  • Aziridines include thiotepa, mytomycin and diaziquone (AZQ].
  • antimetabolites examples include anti-folates (for example methotrexate and pemetrexed], purine analogues (for example thiopurines, such as azathiopurine, mercaptopurine, thiopurine, fludarabine (including the phosphate form], pentostatin and cladribine], pyrimidine analogues (for example fluoropyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil and prodrugs thereof such as capecitabine [Xeloda®]], floxuridine, gemcitabine, cytarabine, decitabine, raltitrexed(tomudex] hydrochloride, cladribine and 6-azauracil.
  • anti-folates for example methotrexate and pemetrexed
  • purine analogues for example thiopurines, such as azathiopurine, mercaptopurine, thiopurine, fludarabine (including the phosphate form],
  • anthracyclines examples include daunorubicin (Daunomycin], daunorubicin (liposomal], doxorubicin (Adriamycin], doxorubicin (liposomal], epimbicin, idambicin, valmbicin currenlty used only to treat bladder cancer and mitoxantrone an anthracycline analog, in particular doxorubicin.
  • anti-microtubule agents examples include vinca alkaloids and taxanes.
  • Vinca alkaloids include completely natural chemicals for example vincristine and vinblastine and also semi-synthetic vinca alkaloids, for example vinorelbine, vindesine, and vinflunine
  • Taxanes include paclitaxel, docetaxel, abraxane, carbazitaxel and derivatives of thereof.
  • Derivatives of taxanes as employed herein includes reformulations of taxanes like taxol, for example in a micelluar formulations, derivatives also include chemical derivatives wherein synthetic chemistry is employed to modify a starting material which is a taxane.
  • chemotherapeutic agents employed is, for example a platin and 5-FU or a prodrug thereof, for example cisplatin or oxaplatin and capecitabine or gemcitabine, such as FOLFOX.
  • the chemotherapy comprises a combination of chemotherapy agents, in particular cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
  • the chemotherapy combination comprises a platin, such as cisplatin and fluorouracil or capecitabine.
  • the chemotherapy combination is capecitabine and oxaliplatin (Xelox].
  • the chemotherapy is a combination of folinic acid and 5-FU, optionally in combination with oxaliplatin.
  • the chemotherapy is a combination of folinic acid, 5-FU and irinotecan (FOLFIRI], optionally in combination with oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX].
  • the regimen consists of: irinotecan (180 mg/m 2 IV over 90 minutes] concurrently with folinic acid (400 mg/m 2 [or 2 x 250 mg/m 2 ] IV over 120 minutes]; followed by fluorouracil (400-500 mg/m 2 IV bolus] then fluorouracil (2400-3000 mg/m 2 intravenous infusion over 46 hours]. This cycle is typically repeated every two weeks.
  • the dosages shown above may vary from cycle to cycle.
  • the chemotherapy combination employs a microtubule inhibitor, for example vincristine sulphate, epothilone A, N- [2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl]amino]-3-pyridinyl]- 4methoxybenzenesulfonamide (ABT-751], a taxol derived chemotherapeutic agent, for example paclitaxel, abraxane, or docetaxel or a combination thereof.
  • a microtubule inhibitor for example vincristine sulphate, epothilone A, N- [2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl]amino]-3-pyridinyl]- 4methoxybenzenesulfonamide (ABT-751]
  • ABT-751 N- [2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl]amino]-3-pyridinyl]- 4methoxybenzenesulfonamide
  • the chemotherapy combination employs an mTor inhibitor.
  • mTor inhibitors include: everolimus (RAD001], WYE-354, KU-0063794, papamycin (Sirolimus], Temsirolimus, DeforolimusfMK-8669), AZD8055 and BEZ235 (NVP-BEZ235).
  • the chemotherapy combination employs a MEK inhibitor.
  • MEK inhibitors include: AS703026, CI-1040 (PD184352), AZD6244 (Selumetinib], PD318088, PD0325901, AZD8330, PD98059, U0126-EtOH, BIX 02189 or BIX 02188.
  • the chemotherapy combination employs an AKT inhibitor.
  • AKT inhibitors include: MK-2206 and AT7867.
  • the combination employs an aurora kinase inhibitor.
  • aurora kinase inhibitors include: Aurora A Inhibitor I, VX-680, AZD1152-HQPA (Barasertib], SNS314 Mesylate, PHA-680632, ZM-447439, CCT129202 and Hesperadin.
  • the chemotherapy combination employs a p38 inhibitor, for example as disclosed in WO2010/038086, such as iV- [4-( ⁇ 4-[3-(3-tert-Butyl-l-p-tolyl-lH-pyrazol- 5yl]ureido]naphthalen-l-yloxy ⁇ methyl]pyridin-2-yl]-2-methoxyacetamide.
  • a p38 inhibitor for example as disclosed in WO2010/038086, such as iV- [4-( ⁇ 4-[3-(3-tert-Butyl-l-p-tolyl-lH-pyrazol- 5yl]ureido]naphthalen-l-yloxy ⁇ methyl]pyridin-2-yl]-2-methoxyacetamide.
  • the combination employs a Bcl-2 inhibitor.
  • Bcl-2 inhibitors include: obatoclax mesylate, ABT-737, ABT-263 (navitoclax] and TW-37.
  • the chemotherapy combination comprises an antimetabolite such as capecitabine (xeloda], fludarabine phosphate, fludarabine (fludara], decitabine, raltitrexed (tomudex], gemcitabine hydrochloride and cladribine.
  • an antimetabolite such as capecitabine (xeloda], fludarabine phosphate, fludarabine (fludara], decitabine, raltitrexed (tomudex], gemcitabine hydrochloride and cladribine.
  • the chemotherapy combination comprises ganciclovir, which may assist in controlling immune responses and/or tumour vasculation.
  • one or more therapies employed in the method herein are metronomic, that is a continuous or frequent treatment with low doses of anticancer drugs, often given concomitant with other methods of therapy.
  • the therapy of the present disclosure is employed after chemotherapy. In one embodiment the therapy of the present disclosure is employed before chemotherapy.
  • the dose of chemotherapy employed in the therapy of the present disclosure is lower than the dose of chemotherapy employed in "monotherapy" (where monotherapy may include the dose of chemotherapy employed when combinations of chemotherapy agents are employed].
  • the medicament is administered in combination with therapy complimentary to the cancer therapy, for example a treatment for cachexia, such as cancer cachexia, for example S-pindolol, S-mepindolol or S-bopindolol.
  • a treatment for cachexia such as cancer cachexia, for example S-pindolol, S-mepindolol or S-bopindolol.
  • Suitable doses may be in the range of 2.5mg to lOOmg, such as 2.5mg to 50mg per day provided a single dose or multiple doses given as multiple doses administered during the day.
  • Treatment as employed herein refers to where the patient has a disease or disorder, for example cancer and the medicament according to the present disclosure is administered to stabilise the disease, delay the disease, amelorate the disease, send the disease into remission, maintain the disease in remission or cure the disease.
  • Treating as employed herein includes administration of a medicament according to the present disclosure for treatment or prophylaxis.
  • the present disclosure is explained in the context of a method of treating a patients.
  • the disclosure extends to use of the combination therapy as described herein for use in treatment, in particular for the treatment of cancer, such as a cancer described herein.
  • Also provided is use of the combination of compounds as described herein for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, in particular a cancer described herein.
  • the combination therapy according to the present disclosure is employed as cancer adjuvant therapy, for example after surgery to remove some or all of the cancerous cells.
  • a therapeutically effective dose (such as a daily dose] of a DHODH inhibitor is in the range lOmgto lOOOmg, for example 50 to 500mg, such as 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 00, 50, 500mg, in particular administered once a day.
  • the DHODH inhibitor for example 2-(3,5-difluoro-3'methoxybiphenyl-
  • 4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered bi-daily, such as at a dose in the range lOOmgto 900mgon each occasion, in particular 300mg, or 400mgor 500mg each dose.
  • active ingredients employed in the therapy of the present disclosure will be provided in the form of a pharmaceutical formulation comprising one or more excipients, diluents or carriers.
  • the DHODH inhibitor for example 2-(3,5-difluoro-3'methoxybiphenyl- 4-ylamino]nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as pharmaceutical formulation comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Embodiments of the invention comprising certain features/elements are also intended to extend to alternative embodiments "consisting" or “consisting essentially” of the relevant elements/features.
  • ASLAN003 is a small molecule inhibitor of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH].
  • DHODH Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
  • ASLAN003 would reduce triple negative breast tumor growth, particularly when combined with doxorubicin. This would potentially give rise to a new therapeutic regimen and/or allow for reduction of doxorubicin doses to reduce risks of side effects attributed to doxorubicin, such as cardiotoxicity.
  • TNBC PDX lines with/without mutations in PTEN and/or TP53
  • ASLAN003 +/- doxocirubicin for in 4 treatment groups for each line (12mice/group]: (A] vehicle control; (B] ASLAN003 alone; (C] doxorubicin alone; and (D] ASLAN003 + doxorubicin. Mice were randomized to drug treatment groups when tumors reached approximately 100 mm 3 (rolling enrollment]. Table 1. Huntsman Cancer Institute Human Breast Cancer POX models used in this study
  • ASLAN003 Prepared fresh every day: 10 mg/mL in 30% PEG300+30% Captisol, sonicated for 1.5 hrs before use.
  • Doxorubicin 10X stock (Selleck Chemical Cat# S1208] : 20mg/ml in H2O. Stored at -80C in 0.5mL aliquots. Working solution prepared fresh by diluting 1 : 10 in H2O (for high dose] or 1 : 100 in H 2 0 (for low dose].
  • Frozen tissue fragments ( ⁇ 4x2x2 mm] were thawed by placing the vial in a 37 ° C water bath and removed before the medium completely melted.
  • mice were randomized into 1 of 4 treatment groups:

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une méthode de traitement du cancer du sein qui est négative pour au moins un marqueur choisi parmi ER, PR, HER2, et une combinaison d'au moins deux de ces derniers (tels que le cancer du sein triple négatif) avec une thérapie comprenant un inhibiteur de DHODH ou un sel pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci.
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US11382903B2 (en) 2017-03-02 2022-07-12 Aslan Pharmaceuticals Pte. Ltd. Cancer therapy
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