WO2018221803A1 - Câble d'alimentation en courant continu à ultra-haute tension - Google Patents
Câble d'alimentation en courant continu à ultra-haute tension Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018221803A1 WO2018221803A1 PCT/KR2017/014069 KR2017014069W WO2018221803A1 WO 2018221803 A1 WO2018221803 A1 WO 2018221803A1 KR 2017014069 W KR2017014069 W KR 2017014069W WO 2018221803 A1 WO2018221803 A1 WO 2018221803A1
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- layer
- high voltage
- power cable
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- ethylene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultra-high voltage direct current power cable. Specifically, the present invention relates to an ultra-high voltage DC power cable capable of simultaneously preventing or minimizing electric field distortion, a decrease in DC dielectric strength, and a decrease in impulse breakdown strength due to accumulation of space charge in an insulator.
- the power transmission method can be largely divided into an AC power transmission method and a DC power transmission method.
- the DC power transmission method refers to the transmission of electrical energy by direct current. Specifically, the DC power transmission method first converts the AC power of the power transmission side to a suitable voltage, converts it to DC by a forward conversion device, and then sends it to the power receiver through the power transmission line. This is how you convert it.
- the DC transmission method is advantageous in transporting a large amount of power over a long distance and can be interconnected with the asynchronous power system, and is widely used because DC has less power loss and higher stability than AC in long distance transmission. There is a situation.
- the insulator of the (ultra) high voltage direct current transmission cable used in the DC transmission method may be formed from an insulation composition impregnated with insulating oil or an insulation composition based on a polyolefin resin, and recently, the cable may be operated at a relatively high temperature. Insulators formed of an insulating composition containing a polyolefin resin that can increase the transmission capacity and have no fear of insulating oil leakage have been widely used.
- the polyolefin resin has a linear molecular chain structure, it is applied to the cable insulation layer by improving mechanical and thermal properties through a crosslinking process, and the cable insulation is insulated due to the crosslinking by-products inevitably decomposed during the crosslinking process. There is a problem of accumulating space charge in the layer, and the space charge may distort the electric field in the (ultra) high voltage direct current transmission cable insulator and cause insulation breakdown at a voltage lower than the first designed breakdown voltage.
- inorganic additives such as magnesium oxide are uniformly dispersed in the cable insulation layer in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. Inorganic additives are polarized and trap the space charge, thereby minimizing electric field distortion caused by space charge accumulation.
- VSC voltage-type direct current transmission
- polarity inversion is unnecessary, and an insulation composition with an organic additive added to optimize the electrical stress applied to the cable insulator requires precise control of the space charge content in the insulation layer. There is.
- VSC voltage type DC power transmission
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-high voltage DC power cable capable of simultaneously preventing or minimizing electric field distortion caused by accumulation of space charge in an insulator, a decrease in DC dielectric strength, and a decrease in impulse breaking strength.
- An ultra-high voltage DC power cable comprising: a conductor formed by stranded wires; An inner semiconducting layer surrounding the conductor; An insulation layer surrounding the inner semiconducting layer; And an outer semiconducting layer surrounding the insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer is formed from an insulating composition comprising a polyolefin resin and a crosslinking agent, wherein the insulating layer is divided into three layers by dividing its thickness into an inner layer, a middle layer, and an outer layer.
- Equation 1 ⁇ -cumyl alcohol ( ⁇ -CA)
- ⁇ -MS ⁇ -methyl styrene
- the content ratio of acetophenone (acetophenone (AP)) of the cross-linked by-products included in the inner layer is provided, characterized in that the ultra-high voltage DC power cable is adjusted to 25.5% or less.
- the dielectric breakdown voltage of the insulating layer is 560 kV / mm or more, it provides an ultra-high voltage DC power cable.
- the polyolefin resin provides an ultra-high voltage DC power cable, characterized in that it comprises a polyethylene resin.
- the crosslinking agent provides an ultrahigh voltage direct current power cable, characterized in that the peroxide crosslinking agent.
- the peroxide crosslinking agent is dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di (t-butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di
- It provides an ultra-high voltage DC power cable, characterized in that it comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of (t-butyl peroxy) hexane and di-t-butyl peroxide.
- the insulation composition provides an ultra-high voltage DC power cable, characterized in that it further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extrudability enhancers and crosslinking aids.
- the semiconductive composition forming the inner and outer semiconducting layer provides an ultra-high voltage DC power cable, characterized in that the content of the crosslinking agent is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
- the base resin is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene methyl methacrylate (EMMA), ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA), ethylene ethyl methacrylate (EEMA), ethylene (iso) Propyl acrylate (EPA), ethylene (iso) propyl methacrylate (EPMA), ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) and ethylene butyl methacrylate (EBMA)
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- EMA ethylene methyl acrylate
- EMMA ethylene methyl methacrylate
- EEMA ethylene ethyl acrylate
- EEMA ethylene ethyl methacrylate
- EEMA ethylene ethyl methacrylate
- EPA ethylene ethyl methacrylate
- EPMA ethylene butyl acrylate
- EBMA ethylene butyl methacrylate
- the ultra high voltage direct current power cable according to the present invention is an insulator by precisely controlling the content of the crosslinking agent added to the insulating composition forming the insulating layer and the specific crosslinking by-products generated during crosslinking by controlling the degree of crosslinking by appropriate modification of the base resin. It exhibits an excellent effect of simultaneously preventing or minimizing the electric field distortion, the decrease in DC dielectric strength and the impulse breakdown strength due to the accumulation of space charge in the interior.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of a power cable according to the present invention.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the ultra-high voltage DC power cable according to the present invention.
- the power cable 200 includes a conductor 210 formed by connecting a plurality of wires, an inner semiconducting layer 212 surrounding the conductor, an insulating layer 214 surrounding the inner semiconducting layer 212, Including an outer semiconducting layer 216 surrounding the insulating layer 214, and transmits power only in the cable length direction along the conductor 210, and has a cable core portion to prevent current leakage in the cable radial direction do.
- the conductor 210 serves as a passage through which current flows to transmit power, and has a high conductivity to minimize power loss and a material having strength and flexibility suitable for cable production and use, for example, copper or aluminum. It may be configured as.
- the conductor 210 may be a circular compressed conductor compressed in a circular shape by twisting a plurality of circular small wires, and may be a flat rectangular wire 210B twisted to surround a circular center element wire 210A and the circular center element wire 210A. It may be a flat conductor having a flat rectangular wire layer 210C and having a circular cross section as a whole.
- the flat conductor has an advantage of reducing the outer diameter of a cable due to a relatively high drop ratio compared to a circular compressed conductor.
- the conductor 210 is formed by twisting a plurality of element wires, the surface thereof is not smooth, so that an electric field may be uneven, and corona discharge is likely to occur partially.
- insulation performance may be degraded.
- the inner semiconducting layer 212 is formed outside the conductor 210.
- the inner semiconducting layer 212 has semiconductivity by adding conductive particles such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoplates, graphite, and the like to an insulating material, between the conductor 210 and the insulating layer 214 to be described later. It prevents a sudden electric field change and stabilizes insulation performance. In addition, by suppressing non-uniform charge distribution on the conductor surface, the electric field is made uniform, and the gap between the conductor 210 and the insulating layer 214 is prevented to prevent corona discharge and insulation breakdown.
- conductive particles such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoplates, graphite, and the like
- An insulating layer 214 is provided on the outer side of the inner semiconducting layer 212 to electrically insulate the outside so that current flowing along the conductor 210 does not leak to the outside.
- the insulating layer 214 has a high breakdown voltage and should be able to be stably maintained for a long time.
- the dielectric loss is low and must have heat resistance such as heat resistance.
- the insulating layer 214 may be a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and further preferably, polyethylene resin.
- the polyethylene resin may be made of a crosslinked resin.
- An outer semiconducting layer 216 is provided outside the insulating layer 214.
- the outer semiconducting layer 216 is formed of a material having semiconductivity by adding conductive particles, such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoplates, graphite, etc., to an insulating material like the inner semiconducting layer 212, The nonuniform charge distribution between the insulating layer 214 and the metal sheath 22 described later is suppressed to stabilize the insulating performance.
- the outer semiconducting layer 216 smoothes the surface of the insulating layer 214 in the cable to mitigate electric field concentration to prevent corona discharge, and also physically protects the insulating layer 214. .
- the cable core part in particular, the inner semiconducting layer 212, the insulating layer 214, and the outer semiconducting layer 216 are most concerned with electric field distortion caused by the generation, accumulation, and injection of the above-mentioned space charges and the resulting insulation breakdown. Detailed description thereof as a part will be described later.
- the core part may further include a moisture absorbing layer for preventing moisture from penetrating the cable.
- the moisture absorbing layer may be formed between stranded wires and / or outside the conductor 210, and has a high rate of absorbing moisture penetrating into the cable and a super absorbent polymer having excellent ability to maintain an absorbing state. It is formed in the form of a powder, a tape, a coating layer or a film including SAP) serves to prevent the penetration of moisture in the cable longitudinal direction.
- the moisture absorbing layer may have a semiconductivity to prevent a sudden electric field change.
- a protection sheath part is provided outside the core part, and a power cable installed in an environment in which water is exposed to moisture, such as the seabed, further includes an exterior part.
- the protective sheath and the sheath protect the cable core from various environmental factors such as moisture penetration, mechanical trauma, and corrosion, which can affect the power transmission performance of the cable.
- the protective sheath portion includes a metal sheath layer 218 and an inner sheath 220 to protect the cable core portion from accidental currents, external forces or other external environmental factors.
- the metal sheath layer 218 is grounded at the end of the power cable to serve as a passage through which an accident current flows in case of an accident such as a ground fault or a short circuit, to protect the cable from external shocks, and to prevent the electric field from being discharged to the outside of the cable. have.
- the metal sheath layer 218 is formed to seal the core part, thereby preventing foreign matter such as moisture from invading and deteriorating insulation performance.
- the molten metal may be extruded to the outside of the core to be formed to have a seamless outer surface so that the ordering performance may be excellent.
- Lead or aluminum is used as the metal, and in particular, in the case of submarine cables, it is preferable to use lead having excellent corrosion resistance to seawater, and lead alloy containing a metal element to complement mechanical properties. More preferably).
- the metal sheath layer 218 is coated with an anti-corrosion compound, for example, blown asphalt, etc. on the surface in order to further improve the corrosion resistance, water resistance, etc. of the cable and to improve adhesion to the inner sheath 220.
- an anti-corrosion compound for example, blown asphalt, etc.
- a copper wire straight tape (not shown) to a moisture absorbing layer may be further provided between the metal sheath layer 218 and the core part.
- the copper wire direct tape consists of a copper wire and a nonwoven tape to facilitate electrical contact between the outer semiconducting layer 216 and the metal sheath layer 218, and the moisture absorbing layer absorbs moisture that has penetrated the cable.
- SAP super absorbent polymer
- the inner sheath 220 made of a resin such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, etc. is formed outside the metal sheath layer 218 to improve corrosion resistance, water resistance, and the like of the mechanical trauma and heat, It can also protect the cable from other external environmental factors such as UV light.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- polyethylene resin having excellent degree of orderability
- polyvinyl chloride resin is preferably used in an environment where flame retardancy is required.
- the protective sheath portion is made of a semi-conductive nonwoven tape or the like further includes an outer sheath made of a resin such as a metal reinforcing layer for buffering the external force applied to the power cable, polyvinyl chloride to polyethylene, etc. to further improve corrosion resistance and water resistance of the power cable. And further protect the cable from mechanical trauma and other external environmental factors such as heat and ultraviolet radiation.
- the power cable installed on the seabed is easy to be damaged by anchors of ships, and may be damaged by bending force due to currents or waves, friction with the sea bottom, etc. Can be.
- the exterior part may include an armor layer and a serving layer.
- the armor layer may be made of steel, galvanized steel, copper, brass, bronze, and the like, and may be constituted by at least one layer by cross winding a wire having a circular cross section or the like.
- the armor layer not only serves to enhance the mechanical properties and performance of the cable, but also additionally protects the cable from external forces.
- the serving layer made of polypropylene yarn or the like is formed in one or more layers on the upper and / or lower portion of the armor layer to protect the cable, and the outermost serving layer is made of two or more materials of different colors. Visibility of cables laid on the sea floor can be ensured.
- the above-described inner semiconducting layer 212 and outer semiconducting layer 216 have conductive particles such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoplates, graphite, and the like dispersed in a base resin, and a crosslinking agent, an antioxidant, a scorch inhibitor, and the like are added. It is formed by the extrusion of the semiconducting composition added thereto.
- the base resin may be a olefin resin of a similar series to the base resin of the insulating composition for forming the insulating layer 214 for the interlayer adhesion between the semiconductive layers 212 and 216 and the insulating layer 214, More preferably, in consideration of compatibility with the conductive particles, olefins and polar monomers such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene methyl methacrylate (EMMA), ethylene ethyl acryl Elate, Ethylene Ethyl Methacrylate (EEMA), Ethylene (Iso) propyl Acrylate (EPA), Ethylene (Iso) propyl Methacrylate (EPMA), Ethylene Butyl Acrylate (EBA), Ethylene Butyl Methacrylate It is preferable to use (EBMA) or the like.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- EMA ethylene methyl acrylate
- EMMA
- the crosslinking agent is a silane crosslinking agent, or dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di (t-) according to the crosslinking method of the base resin included in the semiconductive layers 212 and 216.
- Organic peroxide crosslinking agents such as butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butyl peroxy) hexane and di-t-butyl peroxide.
- the semiconducting compositions forming the inner and outer semiconducting layers 212 and 216 may include 45 to 70 parts by weight of conductive particles such as carbon black based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
- conductive particles such as carbon black
- the content of the conductive particles is less than 45 parts by weight, sufficient semiconducting properties may not be realized, whereas when the content of the conductive particles is greater than 70 parts by weight, the extrudability of the inner and outer semiconducting layers 212 and 216 may be deteriorated, resulting in deterioration of surface properties or cable productivity. There is a problem of deterioration.
- the semiconducting compositions forming the inner and outer semiconducting layers 212 and 216 may be precisely adjusted to 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin. have.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is greater than 5 parts by weight, the content of crosslinking by-products which are essentially generated when crosslinking the base resin included in the semiconducting composition is excessive, and the crosslinking byproducts are separated from the semiconducting layers 212 and 216.
- the distortion of the electric field may be increased, causing a problem of lowering the dielectric breakdown voltage of the insulating layer 214.
- the mechanical properties, heat resistance and the like of the semiconducting layers (212,216) may be insufficient.
- the insulating layer 214 may be, for example, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene as a base resin, and may be preferably formed by extrusion of an insulating composition containing a polyethylene resin.
- the polyethylene resin may be ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), or a combination thereof.
- the polyethylene resin may be a homopolymer, a random or block copolymer of ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin such as propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or a combination thereof.
- the insulating composition for forming the insulating layer 214 includes a crosslinking agent, so that the insulating layer 214 is crosslinked polyolefin (XLPO), preferably crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) by a separate crosslinking process during or after extrusion. It can be made of).
- the insulation composition may further include other additives such as antioxidants, extrusion enhancers, crosslinking aids, and the like.
- the crosslinking agent included in the insulating composition may be the same as the crosslinking agent included in the semiconductive composition.
- a silane crosslinking agent or dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and lauryl peroxide depending on the crosslinking method of the polyolefin.
- organic compounds such as t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di (t-butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butyl peroxy) hexane and di-t-butyl peroxide It may be a peroxide crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent included in the insulation composition may be included in an amount of less than 1% by weight, for example, 0.1% by weight or more and less than 1% by weight based on the total weight of the insulation composition.
- ⁇ -CA ⁇ -cumyl alcohol
- the ⁇ -methyl styrene ( ⁇ -methyl styrene; ⁇ -MS) produced by, and the content of the cross-linking agent included in the insulating composition forming the insulating layer 14 is limited to less than 1% by weight and the insulation
- Degasing after crosslinking of the layer 14 may limit the content of the specific crosslinking byproduct, and in particular, may limit the content of the specific crosslinking byproduct by position in the thickness of the insulating layer, and such specific crosslinking byproduct.
- By limiting the amount of it is possible to significantly reduce the generation of space charge and the electric field distortion, and consequently the reduction of the DC dielectric strength and the impulse breakdown strength of the insulating layer 14 simultaneously.
- the inventors of the present invention have a problem that the degree of crosslinking of the insulating layer 14 is lowered by limiting the content of the crosslinking agent to less than 1% by weight, and as a result, the mechanical and thermal properties of the insulating layer 14 may be lowered.
- the present invention was completed by experimentally confirming that the vinyl group content of the base resin included in the insulating composition forming (14) can be solved by achieving a crosslinking degree of 60% or more, for example, 60 to 70%.
- Equation 1 which represents a variation in the content ratio of ⁇ -cumyl alcohol ( ⁇ -CA) among the two specific crosslinking byproducts, is 6.4 or less, and ⁇ -methyl styrene the variation coefficient of Equation 1 below, which indicates a variation in the content ratio of ⁇ -MS, is controlled to be 35.0 or less, thereby suppressing the generation of space charges in the insulating layer 14, thereby preventing electric field distortion in the insulating layer 14.
- ⁇ -CA ⁇ -cumyl alcohol
- the content ratio is based on the total content of the crosslinking by-products included in each layer.
- the inner layer of the insulating layer 14 is disposed directly on the conductor 10 to form a heterogeneous interface with the inner semiconducting layer 12, a relatively high electric field is applied to the inner layer, so that the inner layer of the crosslinked by-products is weak. It is more preferable that the content ratio of acetophenone (AP) included in and affecting the DC breakdown voltage (DC BDV) is adjusted to 25.5% or less. Here, the content ratio is based on the total content of the crosslinking by-products contained in the inner layer.
- AP acetophenone
- DC BDV DC breakdown voltage
- the model cables of the adjusted examples to the comparative examples were prepared respectively.
- the content of each crosslinked byproduct was measured in specimens taken at any intermediate point in each of the inner, middle, and outer layers of the insulating layer, and the content ratio, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of each crosslinked byproduct were calculated.
- Comparative Examples and Examples An insulating specimen having a thickness of about 120 ⁇ m was taken from the insulating layer of each model cable, and then a voltage was applied by connecting an electrode to each surface facing each other in the insulating specimen and applying a voltage of 1 kV / s. The voltage was applied to measure the applied voltage at the time of breakdown, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the layer-to-layer variation of the content ratios of the two specific crosslinking by-products exceeds a certain level, so that the content ratio of the specific crosslinking by-products of each layer is not uniform, and acetophenone (AP) among the crosslinking by-products included in the inner layer.
- Insulation specimens of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 having a content ratio of more than a specific value were found to have greatly reduced the insulation strength due to electric field distortion caused by the generation of space charges.
- the layer-by-layer variation of the content ratios of the two specific crosslinking by-products is controlled to a predetermined level or less, so that the content ratio of the specific crosslinking by-products of each layer is uniform and included in the inner layer.
- the content ratio of acetophenone (AP) in the cross-linked by-products was controlled to a specific value or less, it was confirmed that the electric field distortion caused by the generation of space charge was minimized, and the insulation strength was maintained at 560 kV / mm or more.
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne un câble d'alimentation en courant continu à ultra-haute tension. En particulier, la présente invention concerne un câble d'alimentation en courant continu à ultra-haute tension permettant la prévention ou la minimisation simultanée de la distorsion de champ électrique, de la dégradation de la résistance diélectrique en courant continu et de la dégradation de la résistance à la disruption par impulsion provoquée par l'accumulation de charge d'espace dans un isolant.
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KR1020170094529A KR102256351B1 (ko) | 2017-05-31 | 2017-07-26 | 초고압 직류 전력케이블 |
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Cited By (1)
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CN112768118A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-07 | 安徽宏源特种电缆集团有限公司 | 一种恒感脉冲电缆及制造方法 |
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JP5697037B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-22 | 2015-04-08 | 株式会社ビスキャス | 直流電力ケーブル及び直流電力線路の製造方法 |
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US20100280664A1 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2010-11-04 | Skunkworks Laboratories | Measurement and control by solid and gas phase raman spectroscopy of manufacturing processes for chemically crosslinked polyethylene for insulated electric cables and for other products |
KR101408925B1 (ko) * | 2011-01-25 | 2014-06-18 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | 반도전성 조성물과 절연 조성물을 이용하여 제조된 경량 전력 케이블 |
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JP5697037B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-22 | 2015-04-08 | 株式会社ビスキャス | 直流電力ケーブル及び直流電力線路の製造方法 |
KR20150016500A (ko) * | 2012-05-10 | 2015-02-12 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 폴리부타디엔 가교 조제를 사용하여 제조한 에틸렌 중합체 전도체 코팅 |
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CN112768118A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-07 | 安徽宏源特种电缆集团有限公司 | 一种恒感脉冲电缆及制造方法 |
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